TY - JOUR TI - Climate sensitivity of snow cover duration in Austria AU - Hantel, Michael AU - Ehrendorfer, Martin AU - Haslinger, Annemarie T2 - International Journal of Climatology DA - 2000/05// PY - 2000 DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(200005)20:6<615::AID-JOC489>3.0.CO;2-0 DP - CrossRef VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 615 EP - 640 SN - 0899-8418, 1097-0088 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0088%28200005%2920%3A6%3C615%3A%3AAID-JOC489%3E3.0.CO%3B2-0 Y2 - 2013/09/01/17:48:42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long term trend of snow depth at Sonnblick (Austrian Alps) and its relation to climate change AU - Schöner, W. AU - Auer, I. AU - Böhm, R. T2 - Hydrological Processes AB - The extensive snow measurement network of the Sonnblick region (Hohe Tauern, Austrian Alps) is used to describe temporal trends of snow-depth as well as its relation to climate change for a high-elevated site of the European Alps (2400–3100 m.a.s.l.). Spatial representativeness of single snow stakes, with readings back to 1928, is derived for maximum snow-depth in May using a spatially dense snow depth probing from glacier mass balance measurements. Long-term trends of snow depth show a significant reduction in the contribution of snow accumulation from core-winter (1 December to 1 March) compared to early and late-winter periods. Largest values of snow-depth since 1928 were measured in the 1940s and 1950s. Comparison of monthly changes in snow-depth with precipitation measurements underlines the high influence of wind drift on snow-depth during winter season from 1 October to 30 April. Whereas inter-annual variability of maximum snow-depth is better explained by low elevation precipitation measurements than by local (high elevation) precipitation measurements, the longer-term mean of local precipitation measurements, however, fits well to the snow-depth measurements, if a mean snow-density of about 400 kg m−3 is assumed (which matches field observations). Both maximum snow-depth and winter season precipitation show a clear decreasing trend for inter-annual variability. A statistical relationship between air temperature and fraction of solid precipitation is used for estimation of temporal trends in the fraction of solid precipitation at measurement sites. For summer a decrease of about 1% of solid precipitation per decade was found for the lowest elevated sites whereas fraction of solid precipitation in winter remains stable. Relation between snow-depth and climate is investigated by means of local climate data of Sonnblick-Observatory (SBO) and by means of the North-Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI). Whereas winter air-temperature is significantly correlated with the NAOI, for winter precipitation and snow depth on 1 May no correlation was found with NAOI. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1002/hyp.7209 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 23 IS - 7 SP - 1052 EP - 1063 LA - en SN - 1099-1085 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.7209/abstract Y2 - 2013/09/04/17:56:27 KW - Climate change KW - Alps KW - Austria KW - trends KW - Alpine precipitation KW - snow KW - snow precipitation KW - Sonnblick KW - climate variability ER - TY - JOUR TI - HISTALP—historical instrumental climatological surface time series of the Greater Alpine Region AU - Auer, Ingeborg AU - Böhm, Reinhard AU - Jurkovic, Anita AU - Lipa, Wolfgang AU - Orlik, Alexander AU - Potzmann, Roland AU - Schöner, Wolfgang AU - Ungersböck, Markus AU - Matulla, Christoph AU - Briffa, Keith AU - Jones, Phil AU - Efthymiadis, Dimitrios AU - Brunetti, Michele AU - Nanni, Teresa AU - Maugeri, Maurizio AU - Mercalli, Luca AU - Mestre, Olivier AU - Moisselin, Jean-Marc AU - Begert, Michael AU - Müller-Westermeier, Gerhard AU - Kveton, Vit AU - Bochnicek, Oliver AU - Stastny, Pavel AU - Lapin, Milan AU - Szalai, Sándor AU - Szentimrey, Tamás AU - Cegnar, Tanja AU - Dolinar, Mojca AU - Gajic-Capka, Marjana AU - Zaninovic, Ksenija AU - Majstorovic, Zeljko AU - Nieplova, Elena T2 - International Journal of Climatology AB - This paper describes the HISTALP database, consisting of monthly homogenised records of temperature, pressure, precipitation, sunshine and cloudiness for the ‘Greater Alpine Region’ (GAR, 4–19°E, 43–49°N, 0–3500m asl). The longest temperature and air pressure series extend back to 1760, precipitation to 1800, cloudiness to the 1840s and sunshine to the 1880s. A systematic QC procedure has been applied to the series and a high number of inhomogeneities (more than 2500) and outliers (more than 5000) have been detected and removed. The 557 HISTALP series are kept in different data modes: original and homogenised, gap-filled and outlier corrected station mode series, grid-1 series (anomaly fields at 1° × 1°, lat × long) and Coarse Resolution Subregional (CRS) mean series according to an EOF-based regionalisation. The leading climate variability features within the GAR are discussed through selected examples and a concluding linear trend analysis for 100, 50 and 25-year subperiods for the four horizontal and two altitudinal CRSs. Among the key findings of the trend analysis is the parallel centennial decrease/increase of both temperature and air pressure in the 19th/20th century. The 20th century increase (+1.2 °C/+ 1.1 hPa for annual GAR-means) evolved stepwise with a first peak near 1950 and the second increase (1.3 °C/0.6hPa per 25 years) starting in the 1970s. Centennial and decadal scale temperature trends were identical for all subregions. Air pressure, sunshine and cloudiness show significant differences between low versus high elevations. A long-term increase of the high-elevation series relative to the low-elevation series is given for sunshine and air pressure. Of special interest is the exceptional high correlation near 0.9 between the series on mean temperature and air pressure difference (high-minus low-elevation). This, further developed via some atmospheric statics and thermodynamics, allows the creation of ‘barometric temperature series’ without use of the measures of temperature. They support the measured temperature trends in the region. Precipitation shows the most significant regional and seasonal differences with, e.g., remarkable opposite 20th century evolution for NW (9% increase) versus SE (9% decrease). Other long- and short-term features are discussed and indicate the promising potential of the new database for further analyses and applications. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1002/joc.1377 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 46 LA - en SN - 1097-0088 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.1377/abstract Y2 - 2013/09/04/17:24:39 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Future extreme events in European climate: an exploration of regional climate model projections AU - Beniston, Martin AU - Stephenson, David B. AU - Christensen, Ole B. AU - Ferro, Christopher A. T. AU - Frei, Christoph AU - Goyette, Stéphane AU - Halsnaes, Kirsten AU - Holt, Tom AU - Jylhä, Kirsti AU - Koffi, Brigitte AU - Palutikof, Jean AU - Schöll, Regina AU - Semmler, Tido AU - Woth, Katja T2 - Climatic Change AB - This paper presents an overview of changes in the extreme events that are most likely to affect Europe in forthcoming decades. A variety of diagnostic methods are used to determine how heat waves, heavy precipitation, drought, wind storms, and storm surges change between present (1961–90) and future (2071–2100) climate on the basis of regional climate model simulations produced by the PRUDENCE project. A summary of the main results follows. Heat waves – Regional surface warming causes the frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves to increase over Europe. By the end of the twenty first century, countries in central Europe will experience the same number of hot days as are currently experienced in southern Europe. The intensity of extreme temperatures increases more rapidly than the intensity of more moderate temperatures over the continental interior due to increases in temperature variability. Precipitation – Heavy winter precipitation increases in central and northern Europe and decreases in the south; heavy summer precipitation increases in north-eastern Europe and decreases in the south. Mediterranean droughts start earlier in the year and last longer. Winter storms – Extreme wind speeds increase between 45°N and 55°N, except over and south of the Alps, and become more north-westerly than cuurently. These changes are associated with reductions in mean sea-level pressure, leading to more North Sea storms and a corresponding increase in storm surges along coastal regions of Holland, Germany and Denmark, in particular. These results are found to depend to different degrees on model formulation. While the responses of heat waves are robust to model formulation, the magnitudes of changes in precipitation and wind speed are sensitive to the choice of regional model, and the detailed patterns of these changes are sensitive to the choice of the driving global model. In the case of precipitation, variation between models can exceed both internal variability and variability between different emissions scenarios. DA - 2007/05/01/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.1007/s10584-006-9226-z DP - link.springer.com VL - 81 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 95 J2 - Climatic Change LA - en SN - 0165-0009, 1573-1480 ST - Future extreme events in European climate UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-006-9226-z Y2 - 2013/09/04/17:26:51 KW - Meteorology/Climatology ER - TY - CONF TI - Hangbewegungen Zintlwald, 3 Jahre nach dem Anbruch AU - Henzinger, J. AU - Poscher, G. AU - Heissel, G. AU - Mattle, B. T2 - 7. Österreichische Geotechniktagung A2 - Österreichische Geotechniktagung C1 - Wien C3 - Tagungsbeiträge DA - 2009//21/und 22.Jänner PY - 2009 DP - Open WorldCat SP - 12 LA - Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl. PB - Österreichischer Ingenieur- und Architekten-Verein SN - 978-3-902450-00-5 3-902450-00-2 ST - 7. Österreichische Geotechniktagung N1 -

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ER - TY - SLIDE TI - Gravitative Massenbewegungen in der Katastrophenregion Klingfurth (Walpersbach, Südliches Niederösterreich) im Juni 2009 - Erkundungsergebnisse und eine erste Abschätzung des rutschungsinduzierten Gefahrenpotentials. T2 - 11. Geoforum Umhausen A2 - Tilch, N. CY - Niederthai DA - 2009//15/16.10 PY - 2009 UR - http://www.geologie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/pdf/poster/poster_2009_geoforum_tilch.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/14/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Annual opening and closure of Alpine valleys AU - Löw, Simon AU - Ebneter, Franz AU - Bremen, Roger AU - Herfort, Martin AU - Lützenkirchen, Volker AU - Matousek, Federico T2 - Felsbau—Rock and Soil Engineering DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DP - Google Scholar VL - 25 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determinants of African farmers' strategies for adapting to climate change: Multinomial choice analysis AU - Hassan, Rashid M. AU - Nhemachena, Charles T2 - African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics AB - This study analyzed determinants of farm-level climate adaptation measures in Africa using a multinomial choice model fitted to data from a cross-sectional survey of over 8000 farms from 11 African countries. The results indicate that specialized crop cultivation (mono-cropping) is the agricultural practice most vulnerable to climate change in Africa. Warming, especially in summer, poses the highest risk. It encourages irrigation, multiple cropping and integration of livestock. Increased precipitation reduces the probability of irrigation and will benefit most African farms, especially in drier areas. Better access to markets, extension and credit services, technology and farm assets (labor, land and capital) are critical for helping African farmers adapt to climate change. Government policies and investment strategies must support education, markets, credit and information about adaptation to climate change, including technological and institutional methods, particularly for poor farmers in the dry areas of Africa. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 DP - RePEc - IDEAS VL - 02 IS - 1 ST - Determinants of African farmers’ strategies for adapting to climate change UR - http://ideas.repec.org/a/ags/afjare/56969.html Y2 - 2013/09/04/ KW - Climate change KW - Agriculture KW - Adaptation KW - Impacts KW - Africa KW - Farm Management KW - Resource /Energy Economics and Policy ER - TY - RPRT TI - Landslide Mapping in Austria AU - Schweigl, J. AU - Hervas, J. CY - Ispra, Italy DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 SP - 65 LA - English M3 - JRC Scientific and Technical Reports PB - Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre, European Commission SN - EUR 23785 EN UR - http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ESDB_Archive/eusoils_docs/other/EUR23785EN.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/14/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of climate change on slope stability using expanded downscaling AU - Dehn, Martin AU - Bürger, Gerd AU - Buma, Jelle AU - Gasparetto, Paolo T2 - Engineering Geology DA - 2000/// PY - 2000 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(99)00123-4 DP - Google Scholar VL - 55 IS - 3 SP - 193 EP - 204 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013795299001234 Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:42:13 N1 - The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:
Label: dehn20000
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling the impact of predicted climate change on landslide frequency and magnitude in SE England AU - Collison, Andrew AU - Wade, Steven AU - Griffiths, Jim AU - Dehn, Martin T2 - Engineering Geology DA - 2000/// PY - 2000 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(99)00121-0 DP - Google Scholar VL - 55 IS - 3 SP - 205 EP - 218 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013795299001210 Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:32:32 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Zwischen subalpinem Wald und alpiner Tundra. Eine Studie zu Struktur und Dynamik der Fichten-Waldgrenze auf der Saualpe (Kärnten) AU - Stützer, Andreas T2 - Wulfenia - Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt DA - 2002/// PY - 2002 VL - 9 SP - 89 EP - 104 UR - http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/Wulfenia_9_0089-0104.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/14/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - The avalanche handbook AU - McClung, David AU - Schaerer, Peter CN - QC929.A8 M39 1993 CY - Seattle DA - 1993/// PY - 1993 DP - Library of Congress ISBN SP - 271 PB - Mountaineers Books SN - 0-89886-364-3 KW - Avalanches KW - Handbooks, manuals, etc ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wind erosion risk in agricultural soils under different tillage systems in the semiarid Pampas of Argentina AU - Mendez, Mariano J. AU - Buschiazzo, Daniel E. T2 - Soil and Tillage Research AB - The effect of plant residues, plant canopy and non-erodible soil aggregates on wind erosion has been mostly evaluated under controlled wind tunnel conditions. Little is known about their combined effect under field conditions. Wheat of different growth lengths are widely cropped in the semiarid Pampas of Argentina (SAP) under different tillage systems. Aim of this study was to measure the soil cover in wheat types of different growth lengths, cropped under three tillage systems, and their effects on wind erosion in a semiarid environment of Argentina. Measurements of the soil coverage with crops canopy, stubble and soil aggregates were done 15 days each during a wet (2005) and a dry (2006) year on a sandy loam Entic Haplustoll of the semiarid Pampas. On the basis of climatic and soil coverage data wind erosion was estimated with the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ). Results showed that wind erosion was lower in no-till (NT) than in vertical- (VT) or conventional tillage (CT) in all wheat types due to high soil coverage with plant residues (83% of total soil cover during fallow). In contrast, during fallow in CT and VT, a 16% of soil was covered with non-erodible aggregates (64% of total cover) and plant residues (32%). As a result, the hazard of wind erosion was high in CT and VT (899 and 1002 kg ha−1, respectively). Regarding the wheat types, wind erosion amounts of CT and VT were, in average of both sampling years, lower in long cycle wheat (LCW, 635 kg ha−1) than in intermediate cycle wheat (ICW, 980 kg ha−1) and short cycle wheat (SCW, 1237 kg ha−1). The higher wind erosion of SCW was produced by the simultaneous occurrence of minimum soil coverage and high climatic erosivity just after crop seeding. In NT wind erosion was low in all cases (between 0 and 31 kg ha−1). However, high wind erosion amounts (1500 kg ha−1) can occur in NT after crop seeding. SCW cropped with CT and VT must be avoided in the studied region, in order to make an efficient wind erosion control. No-till was the best system for controlling wind erosion, though, moderate wind erosion amounts can occur in this system during short periods of time after seeding of all wheat types. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.still.2009.10.010 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 106 IS - 2 SP - 311 EP - 316 J2 - Soil and Tillage Research SN - 0167-1987 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198709002001 Y2 - 2013/09/04/19:46:13 KW - Wind erosion KW - Semiarid regions KW - Soil cover KW - Tillage systems KW - Wheat ER - TY - CHAP TI - Permafrost, gelifluction and fluvial sediment transfer in the alpine/subnival ecotone, central Alps, Austria: Present, past and future AU - Veit, H. AU - Höfner, T. T2 - Some contributions to the study of landforms and geomorphic processes A2 - Barsch, Dieter A2 - Mäusbacher, Roland A2 - Deutscher Arbeitskreis für Geomorphologie T3 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie NF, Suppl.-Bd DA - 1993/// PY - 1993 DP - Google Scholar VL - 92 SP - 71 EP - 84 SN - 978-3-443-21092-2 ST - Permafrost, gelifluction and fluvial sediment transfer in the alpine/subnival ecotone, central Alps, Austria UR - http://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783443210922/Z_Geomorph_S_Bd_92#t2972 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tree line shifts in the Swiss Alps: Climate change or land abandonment? AU - Gehrig-Fasel, Jacqueline AU - Guisan, Antoine AU - Zimmermann, Niklaus E. T2 - Journal of Vegetation Science AB - Questions: Did the forest area in the Swiss Alps increase between 1985 and 1997? Does the forest expansion near the tree line represent an invasion into abandoned grasslands (ingrowth) or a true upward shift of the local tree line? What land cover / land use classes did primarily regenerate to forest, and what forest structural types did primarily regenerate? And, what are possible drivers of forest regeneration in the tree line ecotone, climate and/or land use change?Location: Swiss Alps.Methods: Forest expansion was quantified using data from the repeated Swiss land use statistics GEOSTAT. A moving window algorithm was developed to distinguish between forest ingrowth and upward shift. To test a possible climate change influence, the resulting upward shifts were compared to a potential regional tree line.Results: A significant increase of forest cover was found between 1650 m and 2450 m. Above 1650 m, 10% of the new forest areas were identified as true upward shifts whereas 90% represented ingrowth, and we identified both land use and climate change as likely drivers. Most upward shift activities were found to occur within a band of 300 m below the potential regional tree line, indicating land use as the most likely driver. Only 4% of the upward shifts were identified to rise above the potential regional tree line, thus indicating climate change.Conclusions: Land abandonment was the most dominant driver for the establishment of new forest areas, even at the tree line ecotone. However, a small fraction of upwards shift can be attributed to the recent climate warming, a fraction that is likely to increase further if climate continues to warm, and with a longer time-span between warming and measurement of forest cover. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02571.x DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 571 EP - 582 LA - en SN - 1654-1103 ST - Tree line shifts in the Swiss Alps UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02571.x/abstract Y2 - 2013/09/04/07:36:33 KW - Forest cover change KW - Climatic tree line KW - Forest ingrowth KW - Land use change KW - Moving window analysis KW - Upward shift ER - TY - JOUR TI - A quantitative vulnerability function for fluvial sediment transport AU - Totschnig, Reinhold AU - Sedlacek, Walter AU - Fuchs, Sven T2 - Natural Hazards DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1007/s11069-010-9623-5 DP - Google Scholar VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 681 EP - 703 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-010-9623-5 Y2 - 2013/09/04/14:52:35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stand development of Norway spruce dominated subalpine forests of the Swiss Alps AU - Krumm, Frank AU - Kulakowski, Dominik AU - Spiecker, Heinrich AU - Duc, Philippe AU - Bebi, Peter T2 - Forest Ecology and Management DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Google Scholar VL - 262 IS - 4 SP - 620 EP - 628 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112711002453 Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:24:58 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial and temporal patterns of talus activity–a lichenometric approach in the Stubaier Alps, Austria AU - Sass, Oliver T2 - Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1111/j.1468-0459.2010.00402.x DP - Google Scholar VL - 92 IS - 3 SP - 375 EP - 391 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2010.00402.x/abstract Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:47:17 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Weinbau im Klimawandel: Anpassungs- und Mitigationsmöglichkeiten am Beispiel der Modellregion Traisental (WEINKLIM) AU - Soja, Gerhard AU - Burger, E. AU - Dockner, V. AU - Gerzabek, M. AU - Grünberger, S. AU - Hackl, K. AU - Haslinger, J. AU - Hofmann, R. AU - Kühnen, L. AU - Mehofer, M. AU - Omann, I. AU - Rampazzo Todorovic, G. AU - Rodriguez-Pascual, R. AU - Schildberger, B. AU - Vogl, K. AU - Zehetner, F. CY - Seibersdorf DA - 2010/03/31/ PY - 2010 SP - 185 M3 - Abschlussbericht PB - Austrian Institute of Technology - AIT SN - Forschungsprojekt Nr. 100416 UR - http://seri.at/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/WEINKLIM-Endbericht-gesamt-2010-04-07b.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/14/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wildfire as a hydrological and geomorphological agent AU - Shakesby, R.A. AU - Doerr, S.H. T2 - Earth-Science Reviews AB - Wildfire can lead to considerable hydrological and geomorphological change, both directly by weathering bedrock surfaces and changing soil structure and properties, and indirectly through the effects of changes to the soil and vegetation on hydrological and geomorphological processes. This review summarizes current knowledge and identifies research gaps focusing particularly on the contribution of research from the Mediterranean Basin, Australia and South Africa over the last two decades or so to the state of knowledge mostly built on research carried out in the USA. Wildfire-induced weathering rates have been reported to be high relative to other weathering processes in fire-prone terrain, possibly as much as one or two magnitudes higher than frost action, with important implications for cosmogenic-isotope dating of the length of rock exposure. Wildfire impacts on soil properties have been a major focus of interest over the last two decades. Fire usually reduces soil aggregate stability and can induce, enhance or destroy soil water repellency depending on the temperature reached and its duration. These changes have implications for infiltration, overland flow and rainsplash detachment. A large proportion of publications concerned with fire impacts have focused on post-fire soil erosion by water, particularly at small scales. These have shown elevated, sometimes extremely large post-fire losses before geomorphological stability is re-established. Soil losses per unit area are generally negatively related to measurement scale reflecting increased opportunities for sediment storage at larger scales. Over the last 20 years, there has been much improvement in the understanding of the forms, causes and timing of debris flow and landslide activity on burnt terrain. Advances in previously largely unreported processes (e.g. bio-transfer of sediment and wind erosion) have also been made. Post-fire hydrological effects have generally also been studied at small rather than large scales, with soil water repellency effects on infiltration and overland flow being a particular focus. At catchment scales, post-fire accentuated peakflow has received more attention than changes in total flow, reflecting easier measurement and the greater hazard posed by the former. Post-fire changes to stream channels occur over both short and long terms with complex feedback mechanisms, though research to date has been limited. Research gaps identified include the need to: (1) develop a fire severity index relevant to soil changes rather than to degree of biomass destruction; (2) isolate the hydrological and geomorphological impacts of fire-induced soil water repellency changes from other important post-fire changes (e.g. litter and vegetation destruction); (3) improve knowledge of the hydrological and geomorphological impacts of wildfire in a wider range of fire-prone terrain types; (4) solve important problems in the determination and analysis of hillslope and catchment sediment yields including poor knowledge about soil losses other than at small spatial and short temporal scales, the lack of a clear measure of the degradational significance of post-fire soil losses, and confusion arising from errors in and lack of scale context for many quoted post-fire soil erosion rates; and (5) increase the research effort into past and potential future hydrological and geomorphological changes resulting from wildfire. DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.10.006 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 74 IS - 3–4 SP - 269 EP - 307 J2 - Earth-Science Reviews SN - 0012-8252 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825205001467 Y2 - 2013/09/04/19:09:50 KW - global warming KW - soil erosion KW - forest fire KW - infiltration KW - Wildfire KW - Sediment Yield KW - mass movement processes KW - palaeofire KW - peakflow KW - rock weathering KW - soil hydrophobicity KW - total flow ER - TY - JOUR TI - Disturbance, geomorphic processes and recovery of wildfire slopes in North Tyrol AU - Sass, Oliver AU - Heel, Michael AU - Leistner, Iris AU - Stöger, Florence AU - Wetzel, Karl-Friedrich AU - Friedmann, Arne T2 - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AB - Wildfires in the sub-alpine belt of the Austrian Limestone Alps sometimes cause severe vegetation and soil destruction with increased danger of secondary natural hazards such as avalanches and debris flows. Some of the affected areas remain degraded to rocky slopes even decades after the fire, raising the question as to whether the ecosystems will ever be able to recover. The mean fire interval, the duration of recovery and the role of geomorphic processes for vegetation regeneration are so far unknown. These questions were tackled in a broad research approach including investigation of historical archives to determine the frequency of historical wildfires, mapping vegetation regeneration on 20 slopes of different post-fire ages, and soil erosion measurements on two slopes. To date, > 450 historical wildfires have been located in the study area. The mean fire interval per square kilometre is c. 750 years, but can be as low as 200–500 years on south-facing slopes. Vegetation regeneration takes an extremely long time under unfavourable conditions; the typical window of disturbance is between 50 and 500 years, which is far longer than in any other wildfire study known to us. Soil erosion constantly increases in the years after the fires and the elevated intensity can be maintained for decades. A two-part vegetation regeneration model is proposed depending upon the degree of soil loss. In the case of moderate soil erosion, spreading grassland communities can slow down shrub re-colonization. In contrast, after severe soil destruction the slopes may remain degraded for a century or longer, before rather rapid regeneration occurs. The reasons are not fully understood but are probably governed by geomorphic process intensity. The interdependence of vegetation regeneration and geomorphic processes is a paradigm of ecology–geomorphology interaction, and is a unique example of a very long-lasting disturbance response caused by wildfire in a non-resilient ecosystem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1002/esp.3221 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 37 IS - 8 SP - 883 EP - 894 LA - en SN - 1096-9837 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.3221/abstract Y2 - 2013/11/13/07:26:29 KW - Erosion KW - Austrian Alps KW - wildfire KW - Wildfire KW - ecosystem disturbance KW - erosion KW - vegetation regeneration ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ten years of debris-flow monitoring in the Moscardo Torrent (Italian Alps) AU - Marchi, Lorenzo AU - Arattano, Massimo AU - Deganutti, Andrea M. T2 - Geomorphology DA - 2002/// PY - 2002 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00162-3 DP - Google Scholar VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 17 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X01001623 Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:32:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characterisation of forest fires in Austria AU - Vacik, Harald AU - Arndt, Natalie AU - Arpaci, Alexander AU - Koch, Valerie AU - Mueller, Mortimer AU - Gossow, Hartmut T2 - Austrian Journal of Forest Science DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Google Scholar VL - 128 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 31 UR - http://www.forestscience.at/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling probability of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in a changing climate, Otta, Central Norway AU - Melchiorre, Caterina AU - Frattini, Paolo T2 - Climatic change DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0325-0 DP - Google Scholar VL - 113 IS - 2 SP - 413 EP - 436 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-011-0325-0 Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:35:35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Field observations of a debris flow event in the Dolomites AU - Berti, Matteo AU - Genevois, Rinaldo AU - Simoni, Alessandro AU - Tecca, Pia Rosella T2 - Geomorphology DA - 1999/09// PY - 1999 DO - 10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00018-5 DP - CrossRef VL - 29 IS - 3-4 SP - 265 EP - 274 SN - 0169555X UR - http://pisces.boku.ac.at/han/scopus/www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033384643&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=Field+observations+of+a+debris+flow+event+in+the+Dolomites&sid=C21CCA15513054ABE15E9B2DA2759BE6.CnvicAmOODVwpVrjSeqQ%3a2210&sot=q&sdt=b&sl=78&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Field+observations+of+a+debris+flow+event+in+the+Dolomites%29&relpos=5&relpos=5&citeCnt=69&searchTerm=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Field+observations+of+a+debris+flow+event+in+the+Dolomites%29 Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:27:38 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Warming permafrost in European mountains AU - Harris, Charles AU - Vonder Mühll, Daniel AU - Isaksen, Ketil AU - Haeberli, Wilfried AU - Sollid, Johan Ludvig AU - King, Lorenz AU - Holmlund, Per AU - Dramis, Francesco AU - Guglielmin, Mauro AU - Palacios, David T2 - Global and Planetary Change DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.04.001 DP - Google Scholar VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 215 EP - 225 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818103001176 Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:04:44 ER - TY - CONF TI - Bliggferner–Tomographie einer Massenbewegung im Permafrostbereich zur Einschätzung des Gefährdungspotentials, 11 AU - Krautblatter, M. AU - Heißel, G. AU - Moser, M. AU - Nittel, P. AU - Verleysdonk, S. T2 - 11. Geoforum Umhausen C3 - Tagungsband mit Kurzfassungen DA - 2009/10/15/16 PY - 2009 DP - Google Scholar SP - 10 EP - 12 UR - http://www.geoforum-umhausen.at/ Y2 - 2013/11/13/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Rockglaciers: Indicators for the present and former geoecology in high mountain environments AU - Barsch, Dietrich T2 - Springer Series in Physical Environment AB - Rockglaciers are the visible expression of the creep of mountain permafrost. They are indicative of special geo-ecologic and geomorphic conditions regarding thermal situation, talus production, hydrology, and hazards in high mountain environments of all major mountain systems on earth. As relict features, they are of great paleoclimatic value. This book presents a systematic treatment of this landform in its environmental context. CY - Berlin DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 DP - Google Books SP - 360 LA - en M1 - 16 PB - Springer SN - 978-3-540-60742-7 ST - Rockglaciers KW - Science / Earth Sciences / Geology KW - Science / Environmental Science KW - Science / Earth Sciences / General KW - Nature / Environmental Conservation & Protection KW - Rock glaciers KW - SCIENCE / Earth Sciences / Geography ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the Connection between Debris Flow Activity and Permafrost Degradation: A Case Study from the Schnalstal, South Tyrolean Alps, Italy AU - Sattler, K. AU - Keiler, M. AU - Zischg, A. AU - Schrott, L. T2 - Permafrost and Periglacial Processes AB - The possible influence of permafrost degradation on the formation of debris flows in an area of the South Tyrolean Alps, Italy, was examined by comparing debris flow activity since 1983 with the modelled contemporary permafrost distribution. The study focused on the spatial congruence of new initiation zones and potentially marginal permafrost, which should be especially sensitive to climatic change and is presumed to be currently degrading. The results show that distinct changes in the spatial position of debris flow initiation areas mainly occurred at elevations above this marginal zone. Consequently, the changes detected in debris flow activity do not appear to have been influenced by atmospheric warming-induced degradation of permafrost. However, a link may exist to the thickening of the active layer caused by the melting of a glacier. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1002/ppp.730 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 254 EP - 265 LA - en SN - 1099-1530 ST - On the Connection between Debris Flow Activity and Permafrost Degradation UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp.730/abstract Y2 - 2013/09/04/18:37:46 KW - mapping KW - periglacial debris flows KW - permafrost degradation KW - Spatial modelling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Dokumentation und Analyse der Schadensereignisse 2005 in den Gemeinden Gasen und Haslau (Steiermark) AU - Andrecs, Peter AU - Hagen, K. AU - Lang, E. AU - Stary, U. AU - Gartner, K. AU - Herzberger, E. AU - Riedel, F. AU - Haiden, T. T2 - BFW-Schriftenreihe T3 - Schriftenreihe des Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrums für Wald, Naturgefahren und Landschaft DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DP - Google Scholar VL - 6 UR - http://bfw.ac.at/030/pdf/bfw-dok_6.pdf Y2 - 2013/09/04/14:56:36 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rock avalanches and other landslides in the central Southern Alps of New Zealand: a regional study considering possible climate change impacts AU - Allen, Simon K. AU - Cox, Simon C. AU - Owens, Ian F. T2 - Landslides DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1007/s10346-010-0222-z DP - Google Scholar VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 33 EP - 48 ST - Rock avalanches and other landslides in the central Southern Alps of New Zealand UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10346-010-0222-z Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:23:07 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Grundlagen AU - Frei, Christoph AU - Calanca, Pierluigi AU - Schär, Christoph AU - Wanner, Heinz AU - Schädler, Bruno AU - Haeberli, Wilfried AU - Appenzeller, Christof AU - Neu, Urs AU - Thalmann, Esther AU - Ritz, Christoph AU - Hohmann, Roland T2 - Klimaänderung und die Schweiz 2050 – Erwartete Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt, Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft A2 - OcCC/ProClim CY - Bern DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 SP - 11 EP - 24 UR - http://proclimweb.scnat.ch/portal/ressources/291.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/11/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impacts of climate change on the tree Line AU - Grace, John AU - Berninger, Frank AU - Nagy, Laszlo T2 - Annals of Botany AB - The possible effects of climate change on the advance of the tree line are considered. As temperature, elevated CO2 and nitrogen deposition co‐vary, it is impossible to disentangle their impacts without performing experiments. However, it does seem very unlikely that photosynthesis per se and, by implication, factors that directly influence photosynthesis, such as elevated CO2, will be as important as those factors which influence the capacity of the tree to use the products of photosynthesis, such as temperature. Moreover, temperature limits growth more severely than it limits photosynthesis over the temperature range 5–20 °C. If it is assumed that growth and reproduction are controlled by temperature, a rapid advance of the tree line would be predicted. Indeed, some authors have provided photographic evidence and remotely sensed data that suggest this is, in fact, occurring. In regions inhabited by grazing animals, the advance of the tree line will be curtailed, although growth of trees below the tree line will of course increase substantially. DA - 2002/10/01/ PY - 2002 DO - 10.1093/aob/mcf222 DP - aob.oxfordjournals.org VL - 90 IS - 4 SP - 537 EP - 544 J2 - Ann Bot LA - en SN - 0305-7364, 1095-8290 UR - http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/90/4/537 Y2 - 2013/09/04/17:39:31 KW - Alpine KW - arctic KW - CO2 KW - global warming. KW - Key words: Review KW - krummholz KW - N‐deposition KW - tree line ER - TY - JOUR TI - Klimawandel, Naturgefahren und Schutzwald AU - Perzl, Frank AU - Maier, Bernhard AU - Walter, Dagmar T2 - BFW Praxisinformation DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 VL - 30 SP - 24 UR - http://bfw.ac.at/030/pdf/1818_pi30.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Climate Risks: The Challenge for Alpine Regions AU - Bader, Stephan AU - Kunz, Pierre CY - Bern DA - 2000/// PY - 2000 DP - Google Scholar PB - vdf Hochschulverlag AG SN - 3-7281-2709-4 ST - Climate Risks UR - http://books.google.at/books?hl=de&lr=&id=XH-9QzTWTrIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=Climate+risks+-+The+challenge+for+alpine+regions&ots=Q7nGRiCZta&sig=A7-6vgPJvBB2Hg35EyJ-GWQlqys Y2 - 2013/09/04/14:08:53 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Geomorphology: the Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes AU - Anderson, Robert S. AU - Anderson, Suzanne P. CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Google Scholar ET - 1. SP - 174 LA - English PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 0-521-51978-0 978-0-521-51978-6 ST - Geomorphology UR - http://books.google.at/books?hl=de&lr=&id=y7SeJSaWoC8C&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=Geomorphology,+The+Mechanics+and+Chemistry+of+Landscapes&ots=Q-6xpKf_Hl&sig=L7PUOyTU-5EDzkXyNpiKBJAM6SM Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:23:55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wo wachsen die Bäume in 100 Jahren? AU - Zimmermann, Niklaus AU - Bolliger, Janine AU - Gehrig-Fasel, Jacqueline AU - Guisan, Antoine AU - Kienast, Felix AU - Lischke, Heike AU - Rickebusch, Sophie AU - Wohlgemuth, Thomas T2 - Forum für Wissen DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 VL - 63 SP - 63 EP - 71 UR - http://www.wsl.ch/dienstleistungen/publikationen/pdf/7661.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/14/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long-term investigation of a deep-seated creeping landslide in crystalline rock. Part I. Geological and hydromechanical factors controlling the Campo Vallemaggia landslide AU - Bonzanigo, L. AU - Eberhardt, E. AU - Loew, S. T2 - Canadian Geotechnical Journal DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1139/T07-043 DP - Google Scholar VL - 44 IS - 10 SP - 1157 EP - 1180 UR - http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/T07-043 Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:29:43 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Zur Analyse von Hangbewegungen in schwachbindigen bis rolligen Lockergesteinen im alpinen Raum anlässlich von Starkniederschlägen AU - Moser, M. T2 - International Symposium Interpraevent 1980, Hochwasser-Abwehr, Bad Ischl DA - 1980/// PY - 1980 DP - Google Scholar VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 121 EP - 148 UR - http://www.interpraevent.at/palm-cms/upload_files/Publikationen/Tagungsbeitraege/1980_1_121.pdf Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:36:35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - From nature-dominated to human-dominated environmental changes AU - Messerli, Bruno AU - Grosjean, Martin AU - Hofer, Thomas AU - Nunez, Lautaro AU - Pfister, Christian T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews DA - 2000/// PY - 2000 DP - Google Scholar VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 459 EP - 479 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027737919900075X Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:08:19 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Soil erodibility dynamics and its representation for wind erosion and dust emission models AU - Webb, Nicholas P. AU - Strong, Craig L. T2 - Aeolian Research AB - The susceptibility of a land surface to wind erosion is highly sensitive to changes in soil erodibility. Nonetheless, the performance of wind erosion models continues to be affected by the accuracy of their erodibility representations. There is thus an ongoing need for robust approaches for assessing and modelling soil erodibility dynamics. This paper provides a critical review of research into the controls on soil erodibility dynamics. The review focuses on progress in understanding temporal changes in soil aggregation and crusting as they influence the erodibility of agricultural and rangeland soils, and identifies deficiencies in approaches for resolving the nature and causes of spatio-temporal patterns of erodibility change. A conceptual model of soil erodibility dynamics is developed to represent erodibility changes within a single erodibility continuum. The model is used to identify ongoing research questions that are central to developing new measures and a deeper understanding of soil erodibility dynamics, and representations of soil erodibility for wind erosion and dust emission models. Finally, available soil erodibility metrics are evaluated in the context of their application in addressing these research needs, and new and alternate approaches for reducing the complexity of soil erodibility assessments and models are identified. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.03.002 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 165 EP - 179 J2 - Aeolian Research SN - 1875-9637 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875963711000139 Y2 - 2013/09/04/ KW - Agriculture KW - Aggregation KW - Erodibility KW - Rangelands KW - Soil crusts KW - Wind erosion ER - TY - CHAP TI - Grundfragen des alpinen Periglazials - Ergebnisse, Probleme und Perspektiven periglazialmorphologischer Untersuchungen im Langzeitprojekt „Glorer Hütte“ in der Südlichen Glockner-/ Nördlichen Schobergruppe (Südliche Hohe Tauern, Osttirol). AU - Stingl, H. AU - Garleff, K. AU - Höfner, T. AU - Huwe, B. AU - Jaesche, P. AU - John, B. AU - Veit, H. T2 - Quantifizierung von rezenten und postglazialen Sedimentflüssen in den Ostalpen. A2 - Otto, J.-C. A2 - Schrott, L. T3 - Salzburger Geographische Arbeiten CY - Salzburg DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 SP - 15 EP - 42 SV - 46 UR - http://boris.unibe.ch/id/eprint/6501 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the influence of topographic, geological and cryospheric factors on rock avalanches and rockfalls in high-mountain areas AU - Fischer, L. AU - Purves, R. S. AU - Huggel, C. AU - Noetzli, J. AU - Haeberli, W. T2 - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DO - 10.5194/nhess-12-241-2012 DP - Google Scholar VL - 12 SP - 241 EP - 254 UR - http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/12/241/2012/nhess-12-241-2012.html Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:55:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mountain permafrost: development and challenges of a young research field AU - Haeberli, Wilfried AU - Noetzli, Jeannette AU - Arenson, Lukas AU - Delaloye, Reynald AU - Gartner-Roer, Isabelle AU - Gruber, Stephan AU - Isaksen, Ketil AU - Kneisel, Christof AU - Krautblatter, Michael AU - Phillips, Marcia T2 - Journal of Glaciology DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 VL - 56 IS - 200 SP - 1043 EP - 1058 J2 - Journal of Glaciology SN - 0022-1430 N1 - The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:
PB - International Glaciological Society
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of landslides in central and southern Europe AU - Guzzetti, Fausto AU - Peruccacci, Silvia AU - Rossi, Mauro AU - Stark, Colin P. T2 - Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DP - Google Scholar VL - 98 IS - 3-4 SP - 239 EP - 267 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00703-007-0262-7 Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:03:44 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Lawinenkunde: Praxiswissen für Einsteiger und Profis zu Gefahren, Risiken und Strategien AU - Harvey, Stephan AU - Rhyner, Hansueli AU - Schweizer, Jürg DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Google Scholar ET - 2. Auflage PB - Bruckmann SN - 3-7654-5779-5 978-3-7654-5779-1 ST - Lawinenkunde ER - TY - JOUR TI - Magnitude–frequency relationships of debris flows — A case study based on field surveys and tree-ring records AU - Stoffel, Markus T2 - Geomorphology AB - Debris-flow activity in a watershed is usually defined in terms of magnitude and frequency. While magnitude–frequency (M–F) relations have long formed the basis for risk assessment and engineering design in hydrology and fluvial hydraulics, only fragmentary and insufficiently specified data for debris flows exists. This paper reconstructs M–F relationships of 62 debris flows for an aggradational cone of a small (< 5 km2), high elevation watershed in the Swiss Alps since A.D. 1863. The frequency of debris flows is obtained from tree-ring records. The magnitude of individual events is given as S, M, L, XL, and derived from volumetric data of deposits, grain size distributions of boulders, and a series of surrogates (snout elevations, tree survival, lateral spread of surges). Class S and M debris flows (< 5 × 103 m3) encompass a typical size of events and have mean recurrence intervals of 5.4 (SD: 3.2) and 7.4 years (SD: 6.7), respectively. Class XL events (104–5 ×104 m3) are, in contrast, only identified three times over the past 150 years, and major erosional activity on the cone was restricted to two of these events in 1948 and 1993. A comparison of results with hydrometeorological records shows that class L and XL events are typically triggered by advective storms (rainfall > 50 mm) in August and September, when the active layer of the rock glacier in the source area of debris flows is largest. Over the past ∼ 150 years, climate has exerted control on material released from the source area and prevented triggering of class XL events before 1922. With the projected climatic change, permafrost degradation and the potential increase in storm intensity are likely to produce “class XXL” events in the future with volumes surpassing 5 × 104 m3 at the level of the debris-flow cone. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.10.009 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 116 IS - 1–2 SP - 67 EP - 76 J2 - Geomorphology SN - 0169-555X UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X09004450 Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:56:57 KW - Climate change KW - permafrost KW - Debris flows KW - Dendrogeomorphology KW - Deposits KW - sediment KW - Swiss Alps KW - Tree-ring analysis KW - Triggering events ER - TY - CHAP TI - Entwicklung kinematischer Modelle von Massenbewegungen auf Basis von Deformationsmessungen AU - Zangerl, C. AU - Engel, D. T2 - Online-Datenerfassung, berührungslose Messverfahren, 3D-Modellierung und geotechnische Analyse in Geologie und Geotechnik: Beiträge zur COG-Fachtagung, Salzburg 2009 A2 - Marschallinger, Robert CY - Heidelberg DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - Open WorldCat SP - 48 EP - 55 LA - German PB - Wichmann SN - 978-3-87907-490-7 3-87907-490-9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Permafrost Research in Austria: History and recent advances AU - Krainer, Karl AU - Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas AU - Kaufmann, Viktor AU - Lieb, G.K. AU - Schrott, L. AU - Hausmann, H. T2 - Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Google Scholar VL - 105 IS - 2 SP - 2 EP - 11 ST - Modelling geomorphological hazards to assess the vulnerability of alpine infrastructure UR - http://www.univie.ac.at/ajes/archive/volume_105_2/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Photogrammetrische Gletscheruntersuchungen im Sommer 1938 AU - Pillewizer, W. T2 - Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde DA - 1938/// PY - 1938 DP - Google Scholar VL - 9 IS - 19 SP - 367 EP - 372 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Grundlagen zum Klima AU - Schädler, Bruno AU - Frei, Christoph AU - Grebner, Dietmar AU - Willi, Hans-Peter T2 - Wasser Energie Luft DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DP - Google Scholar VL - 99 SP - 58 EP - 60 SN - 0377-905X ISSN UR - http://www.swv.ch/Publikationen/Fachzeitschrift-WEL ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intensification of extreme European summer precipitation in a warmer climate AU - Christensen, O. B. AU - Christensen, J. H. T2 - Global and Planetary Change AB - Heavy and/or extended precipitation episodes with subsequent surface runoff can inflict catastrophic property damage and loss of human life. Thus, it is important to determine how the character of such events could change in response to greenhouse gas-induced global warming. Impacts of climate warming on severe precipitation events in Europe on a diurnal time scale were investigated with a high-resolution regional climate model for two of the greenhouse gas emission scenarios constructed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC; Nakicenovic, N., et al., 2000, IPCC special report on emission scenarios, 599 pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK). A series of 30-year time slice experiments were conducted for periods representing the present (1961–1990) and the future (2071–2100). The large-scale initial and lateral boundary conditions were imposed from two different global models both originating from fully transient climate change simulations. Here, we show that although the summer time precipitation decreases over a substantial part of Europe in the scenarios analysed, an increase in the amount of precipitation exceeding the present-day 99th and in most cases even the 95th percentile is found for large areas. An analysis of daily precipitation over the entire European river catchments confirms this observation. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.06.013 VL - 44 SP - 107 EP - 117 SN - 0921-8181 ST - Intensification of extreme European summer precipitation in a warmer climate UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818104001006 N1 -

doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.06.013

ER - TY - RPRT TI - FloodRisk II. Vertiefung und Vernetzung zukunftsweisender Umsetzungsstrategien zum integrierten Hochwassermanagement AU - Habersack, H. AU - Bürgel, J. AU - Kanonier, A. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - Google Scholar M3 - Synthesebericht UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/fileadmin/site/umweltthemen/klima/FloodRisk/Synthesebericht_FloodRisk_II.pdf Y2 - 2013/12/11/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rockfall hazard analysis using LiDAR and spatial modeling AU - Lan, Hengxing AU - Martin, C. Derek AU - Zhou, Chenghu AU - Lim, Chang Ho T2 - Geomorphology DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Google Scholar VL - 118 IS - 1 SP - 213 EP - 223 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X10000127 Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:26:13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses AU - Harris, Charles AU - Arenson, Lukas U. AU - Christiansen, Hanne H. AU - Etzelmüller, Bernd AU - Frauenfelder, Regula AU - Gruber, Stephan AU - Haeberli, Wilfried AU - Hauck, Christian AU - Hölzle, Martin AU - Humlum, Ole AU - Isaksen, Ketil AU - Kääb, Andreas AU - Kern-Lütschg, Martina A. AU - Lenning, Michael AU - Matsuoka, Norikazu AU - Murton, Julian B. AU - Nötzli, Jeannette AU - Philipps, Marcia AU - Ross, Neil AU - Seppälä, Matti AU - Springman, Sarah AU - Mühll, Vonder T2 - Earth-Science Reviews DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.12.002 DP - Google Scholar VL - 92 IS - 3 SP - 117 EP - 171 ST - Permafrost and climate in Europe UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825208001311 Y2 - 2013/09/04/14:42:20 KW - Climate change KW - geophysics KW - European permafrost KW - geothermal modelling KW - geothermal monitoring KW - permafost hazards KW - permafrost engineering KW - slope stability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Characteristics of meltwater and/or rainfall regime in a snowy region and its effect on sediment-related disasters AU - Matsuura, Sumio AU - Okamoto, Takashi AU - Asano, Shiho AU - Matsuyama, Koji T2 - Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1007/s10064-012-0456-1 DP - Google Scholar VL - 72 IS - 1 SP - 119 EP - 129 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10064-012-0456-1 Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:33:57 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The SAGE handbook of geomorphology AU - Gregory, Kenneth J. AU - Goudie, Andrew S. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Google Scholar PB - Sage Publications Ltd SN - 978-1-4129-2905-9 978-1-4462-5010-5 UR - http://www.uk.sagepub.com/books/Book229844 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimation of an absolute flood damage curve based on an Austrian case study under a dam breach scenario AU - Prettenthaler, F. AU - Amrusch, P. AU - Habsburg-Lothringen, C. T2 - Natural Hazards and Earth System Science DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.5194/nhess-10-881-2010 DP - Google Scholar VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 881 EP - 894 UR - http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/10/881/2010/ Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:10:31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Zur sechzigjährigen Messreihe der kurzfristigen Geschwindigkeitsschwankungen am Blockgletscher im Außeren Hochebenkar, Ötztaler Alpen AU - Schneider, B. AU - Schneider, H. T2 - Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie DA - 2001/// PY - 2001 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 33 UR - http://www.uvw.at/artikel/detail.php?id=58&gruppenid=21 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Climate Change in the Alps. Facts - Impacts - Adaptation AU - BMU CY - Berlin, Germany DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 SP - 96 PB - Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) UR - http://www.alpconv.org/en/publications/other/Documents/klimawandel_bmu_en.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/11/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Landslide types and processes AU - Cruden, David M. AU - Varnes, David J. T2 - Landslides: investigation and mitigation A2 - Turner, A.K. A2 - Schuster, R.L. CY - Washington D.C. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 DP - Google Scholar VL - 247 SP - 36 EP - 75 PB - National Academy Press SV - Special Report ER - TY - JOUR TI - About the relationship between rock glacier velocity and climate parameters in central Austria. AU - Kellerer-Pirklbauer, A. AU - Kaufmann, Markus T2 - Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 VL - 105 IS - 2 SP - 94 EP - 112 UR - http://www.univie.ac.at/ajes/archive/volume_105_2/kellerer_kaufmann_ajes_105_2.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Age distribution of fossil landslides in the Tyrol (Austria) and its surrounding areas AU - Prager, C. AU - Zangerl, C. AU - Patzelt, G. AU - Brandner, R. T2 - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 DP - Google Scholar VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 377 EP - 407 UR - http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/8/issue2.html Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:44:12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gefahren und Risiken durch Massenbewegungen AU - Dikau, R. AU - Glade, T. T2 - Geographische Rundschau DA - 2002/// PY - 2002 DP - Google Scholar VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 38 EP - 47 UR - http://www.geographischerundschau.de/heft/51020100/Ausgabe-Januar-Heft-1-2002-Naturgefahren-und-Naturrisiken ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Barranco de Aras flood of 7 August 1996 (Biescas, Central Pyrenees, Spain) AU - Alcoverro, J. AU - Corominas, J. AU - Gomez, M. T2 - Engineering Geology DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DO - 10.1016/S0013-7952(98)00076-3 DP - IngentaConnect VL - 51 IS - 4 SP - 237 EP - 255 J2 - Engineering Geology KW - Alluvial Fan KW - Central Pyrenees KW - Check Dams KW - Discharge Estimation KW - Flash Flood ER - TY - JOUR TI - A six-year record of debris transport by avalanches on a wildfire slope (Arnspitze, Tyrol) AU - Sass, O. AU - Heel, M. AU - Hoinkis, R. AU - Wetzel, K.-F. T2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie AB - Debris deposition by avalanches was monitored for six years at the Arnspitze south slope in the North-Tyrolean Limestone Alps. The slope investigated was deforested by a severe wildfire event in 1946 and is still largely vegetation-free today. We collected avalanche-transported debris on the snow fields at the base of the slope after ground avalanches in spring. The results show mean sediment yields of 126 t km-2 a-1; the mean erosion rate is 48 mm ka-1 for bedrock or 70 mm ka-1 for soil/debris, respectively. These values are much higher than most previous measurements reported in the literature. Avalanche erosion is extremely variable between the years, ranging from 0 t to 215 t per year. The thickness of the snow cover, the timing of the spring melt, debris storage in the preceding years and unknown random factors appear to be responsible for the temporal variations. There are also large spatial differences between the sub-catchments. The highest absolute removal (in tonnes) occurs in the largest catchments; the correlation between catchment size and removal rate (tonnes per unit size) is positive but weak. The investigations indicate that process equilibrium remains disturbed, even after more than 60 years have elapsed. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1127/0372-8854/2010/0054-0009 DP - IngentaConnect VL - 54 IS - 2 SP - 181 EP - 193 J2 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie UR - http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/zfg/detail/54/75016/A_six_year_record_of_debris_transport_by_avalanches_on_a_wildfire_slope_Arnspitze_Tyrol KW - Erosion KW - Alps KW - Wildfire KW - Avalanche KW - Sediment Yield ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bericht über die Katastrophenereignisse in Kärnten AU - Länger, E. T2 - Wildbach und Lawinenverbau DA - 1975/// PY - 1975 DP - Google Scholar VL - 39 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Hydrologische Veränderungen und Auswirkungen auf die Wasserwirtschaft in der Schweiz AU - Schädler, B. T2 - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft in Österreich. Präsentation der aktuellen Studien A2 - ÖWAV CY - Wien DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 SP - 73 EP - 88 PB - Österreichischer Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaftsverband UR - http://www.oewav.at/Page.aspx?target=65710&mode=form&app=134598&edit=0¤t=141564&view=134599&predefQuery=-1 Y2 - 2013/11/13/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal variability of rockfall in the Bavarian Alps, Germany AU - Sass, Oliver T2 - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0564:TVORIT]2.0.CO;2 DP - Google Scholar VL - 37 IS - 4 SP - 564 EP - 573 SN - 1523-0430 1938-4246 UR - http://instaar.metapress.com/index/KJ5415Q353483N28.pdf Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:46:14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sources of nonlinearity and complexity in geomorphic systems AU - Phillips, Jonathan D. T2 - Progress in Physical Geography DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 DO - 10.1191/0309133303pp340ra DP - Google Scholar VL - 27 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 23 UR - http://ppg.sagepub.com/content/27/1/1.short Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:40:40 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Major fire issues in the Euro-Alpine Region—the Austrian Alps AU - Gossow, H. AU - Hafellner, R. AU - Vacik, H. AU - Huber, T. T2 - International Forest Fire News (IFFN) DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - Google Scholar VL - 38 SP - 1 EP - 10 UR - http://www.forestfirenews.com/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Über die Blockgletscher des Äußeren Hochebenkars AU - Vietoris, L. T2 - Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie DA - 1972/// PY - 1972 VL - 8 IS - 1-2 SP - 169 EP - 188 UR - http://www.uvw.at/artikel/detail.php?id=13&gruppenid=21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shallow and deep landslides induced by rainfall in the Lisbon region (Portugal): assessment of relationships with the North Atlantic Oscillation AU - Zêzere, J. L. AU - Trigo, R. M. AU - Trigo, I. F. T2 - Natural Hazards and Earth System Science AB - The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on both the winter precipitation and the temporal occurrence of different landslide types in Portugal. The analysis is applied to five sample areas located just north of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. These sites are particularly relevant because actual dates of most of the recent landslide events are known but also because the landslides occurred in a suburban area with growing urbanization pressure. Results show that the large inter-annual variability of winter precipitation observed in western Iberia, i.e. Portugal and parts of Spain, is largely modulated by the NAO mode. In particular, precipitation falling in Portugal between November and March presents a correlation coefficient of R=?0.66 with the NAO index. Precipitation distribution for the reference rain gauge in the study area reveals that the probability of a wet month to occur is much higher for low NAO index composites than for the corresponding high NAO index composite. It is shown that this control, exerted by NAO on the precipitation regime, is related to corresponding changes in the associated activity of North-Atlantic storm tracks that affect the western Iberia. Landslide activity in the study area is related to both intense, short duration precipitation events (1?15 days) and long-lasting rainfall episodes (1?3 months). The former events trigger shallow translational slides while the later episodes are usually associated with deeper and larger slope movements. This second group of landslides is shown to be statistically associated with the 3-month average of the NAO index. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 DP - HAL Archives Ouvertes VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 331 EP - 344 LA - Anglais ST - Shallow and deep landslides induced by rainfall in the Lisbon region (Portugal) UR - http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00299181 Y2 - 2013/09/04/17:21:35 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Bergstürze in den Alpen: ihre Verbreitung, Morphologie und Folgeerscheinungen AU - Abele, Gerhard T2 - Wissenschaftliche Alpenvereinshefte DA - 1974/// PY - 1974 DP - Google Scholar VL - 25 SP - 230 PB - Dt. Alpenverein ST - Bergstürze in den Alpen UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/Bergst%C3%BCrze_in_den_Alpen.html?id=XB8zHAAACAAJ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Waldverjüngung nach Feuer AU - Wasem, U. AU - Hester, C. AU - Wohlgemuth, T. T2 - Wald und Holz DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Google Scholar VL - 91 IS - 1 SP - 42 EP - 45 UR - http://www.wsl.ch/info/mitarbeitende/wohlgemu/pdf/wasem_etal2010.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The value of teaching about geomorphology in non-traditional settings AU - Davis, R.Laurence T2 - Geomorphology AB - Academics usually teach about geomorphology in the classroom, where the audience is enthusiastic, but generally small. Less traditional settings offer opportunities to reach a wider audience, one that is equally enthusiastic, given its love of geomorphic features in the National Parks, but one which has little knowledge of the science behind what they are seeing. I have “taught” geomorphology in four non-traditional settings: at a summer camp, a state wildlife refuge, on community field trips, and at meetings for clubs and government boards. This paper discusses my experiences and offers suggestions to others who may wish to follow this less-traveled educational path. As Head of Nature Programs at Camp Pemigewassett in New Hampshire, I have worked, over the last 33 years, with thousands of campers ranging from 8 to 15 years old. Our setting, in a glaciated valley on a small lake, exhibits a wide range of geomorphic features and offers many opportunities for direct learning through field investigations. I have found that even 8-year olds can do real science, if we avoid the jargon. Once “taught” they carry their knowledge about landforms and processes with them and eagerly share it with their friends and family on outings and trips, thus reaching an even wider public. Parks, wildlife refuges, nature preserves, and other similar areas generally have nature trails, often with educational information about the environment. Generally, interpretive signs are prepared by biologists and the content ignores the site's physical features, as well as the connections between ecological communities and the underlying geology and geomorphology. My students and I have addressed this situation at two places in Connecticut, one a state wildlife management area, also used for training teachers to teach Environmental Education, and the other, a town recreation area. We catalogued the geomorphic features, looked at relationships of the community level ecology to those features, and prepared interpretive signs that added this perspective to the trails. The public response has been extremely favorable. Geomorphology can also be taught by leading field trips for community organizations. I have done this twice, once for the Manchester (NH) Historical Society and once for a small watershed association. The attendance and interest surprised me. We finally had to limit the Manchester trip to one full busload (∼45) and the watershed trip, which was part of a “trails day,” drew over 90 people. Finally, I have found that organizations such as Sierra Club chapters and town conservation boards are frequently looking for speakers for their periodic meetings. Why not a geomorphologist? After all, much of what conservationists do is related to what geomorphologists do. I have given several of these presentations and the receptions have always been enthusiastic. While the work involved in preparing to teach in one of these non-traditional settings is frequently substantial, the rewards are equally large. It is a way to reach masses of people who know little about the science of geomorphology and to demonstrate its importance to them. Taking our message directly to the public in these settings is an effective way to put geomorphology in the public eye. DA - 2002/// PY - 2002 DO - 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00096-X DP - ScienceDirect VL - 47 IS - 2–4 SP - 251 EP - 260 J2 - Geomorphology SN - 0169-555X UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X0200096X Y2 - 2013/09/04/ KW - Geomorphic education KW - K-12 education KW - Public education KW - Science education ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deciphering the effect of climate change on landslide activity: A review AU - Crozier, M.J. T2 - Geomorphology DA - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.04.009 DP - CrossRef VL - 124 IS - 3-4 SP - 260 EP - 267 SN - 0169555X ST - Deciphering the effect of climate change on landslide activity UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169555X10001881 Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:01:22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmental preference and restoration: (How) are they related? AU - van den Berg, Agnes E AU - Koole, Sander L AU - van der Wulp, Nickie Y T2 - Journal of Environmental Psychology AB - Does the widely documented tendency to prefer natural over built environments owe to the perception of greater restorative potential in natural environments? In the present experimental study we tested the mediating role of restoration in environmental preferences. Participants viewed a frightening movie, and then were shown a video of either a natural or a built environment. We used two examples of each type of environment. Participants’ mood ratings were assessed before and after they viewed the frightening movie, and again after viewing the environmental video. Participants also rated the beauty of the environment shown (to indicate preference) and performed a test of concentration after viewing the environmental video. The results indicate that participants perceived the natural environments as more beautiful than the built environments. In addition, viewing natural environments elicited greater improvement in mood and marginally better concentration than viewing built environments. Mediational analyses revealed that affective restoration accounted for a substantial proportion of the preference for the natural over the built environments. Together, these results help substantiate the adaptive function of people's environmental preferences. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 DO - 10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00111-1 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 135 EP - 146 J2 - Journal of Environmental Psychology SN - 0272-4944 ST - Environmental preference and restoration UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272494402001111 Y2 - 2013/09/04/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial and temporal rockfall activity in a forest stand in the Swiss Prealps—a dendrogeomorphological case study AU - Perret, Simone AU - Stoffel, Markus AU - Kienholz, Hans T2 - Geomorphology DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.08.009 DP - Google Scholar VL - 74 IS - 1 SP - 219 EP - 231 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X05002710 Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:39:43 ER - TY - CONF TI - Rock slide deformation measurements with Terrestrial Laser Scanning in inaccessible high mountain areas AU - Fey, C. AU - Zangerl, C. AU - Haas, F. AU - Rutzinger, M. AU - Sailer, R. AU - Bremer, M. C3 - EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Google Scholar VL - 14 UR - http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1411944F Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:51:30 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Einführung in die Geomorphologie AU - Ahnert, Frank CY - Stuttgart (Hohenheim) DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 DP - Open WorldCat LA - Deutsch PB - Ulmer SN - 978-3-8252-8103-8 3-8252-8103-5 978-3-8001-2907-2 3-8001-2907-8 ST - Einführung in die Geomorphologie ER - TY - CHAP TI - Mountains under climate and global change conditions – research results in the Alps AU - Bender, Oliver AU - Borsdorf, Axel AU - Fischer, Andrea AU - Stotter, Johann T2 - Climate Change - Geophysical Foundations and Ecological Effects A2 - Blanco, Juan A. DA - 2011/09/12/ PY - 2011 DP - CrossRef PB - InTech SN - 978-953-307-419-1 UR - http://www.intechopen.com/books/climate-change-geophysical-foundations-and-ecological-effects/mountains-under-climate-and-global-change-conditions-research-results-in-the-alps Y2 - 2013/11/11/04:32:10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preface: Concepts and implications of environmental change and human impact: studies from Austrian geomorphological research AU - Keiler, Margreth AU - Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas AU - Otto, Jan-Christoph T2 - Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00457.x DP - Google Scholar VL - 94 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 5 ST - PREFACE UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00457.x/full Y2 - 2013/09/04/14:48:17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services AU - de Groot, Rudolf S AU - Wilson, Matthew A AU - Boumans, Roelof M.J T2 - Ecological Economics AB - An increasing amount of information is being collected on the ecological and socio-economic value of goods and services provided by natural and semi-natural ecosystems. However, much of this information appears scattered throughout a disciplinary academic literature, unpublished government agency reports, and across the World Wide Web. In addition, data on ecosystem goods and services often appears at incompatible scales of analysis and is classified differently by different authors. In order to make comparative ecological economic analysis possible, a standardized framework for the comprehensive assessment of ecosystem functions, goods and services is needed. In response to this challenge, this paper presents a conceptual framework and typology for describing, classifying and valuing ecosystem functions, goods and services in a clear and consistent manner. In the following analysis, a classification is given for the fullest possible range of 23 ecosystem functions that provide a much larger number of goods and services. In the second part of the paper, a checklist and matrix is provided, linking these ecosystem functions to the main ecological, socio–cultural and economic valuation methods. DA - 2002/// PY - 2002 DO - 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00089-7 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 41 IS - 3 SP - 393 EP - 408 J2 - Ecological Economics SN - 0921-8009 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800902000897 Y2 - 2013/09/04/ KW - Classification of ecosystem functions KW - Ecological and socio-economic valuation KW - Typology of goods and services ER - TY - CHAP TI - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf Naturgefahren – Herausforderungen für eine nachhaltige Landnutzung in alpinen Gebieten AU - Fuchs, S T2 - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft in Österreich. Präsentation der aktuellen Studien A2 - ÖWAV CY - Wien DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 SP - 169 EP - 180 PB - Österreichischer Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaftsverband UR - http://www.oewav.at/Page.aspx?target=65710&mode=form&app=134598&edit=0¤t=141564&view=134599&predefQuery=-1 Y2 - 2013/11/13/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Beobachtete Veränderungen in der Wasserbilanz Österreichs AU - Fürst, J. AU - Kling, H. AU - Nachtnebel, H.P. AU - Hörhan, T. T2 - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft in Österreich A2 - ÖWAV CY - Wien DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 SP - 103 EP - 113 PB - Österreichischer Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaftsverband UR - http://www.oewav.at/Page.aspx?target=65710&mode=form&app=134598&edit=0¤t=141564&view=134599&predefQuery=-1 Y2 - 2013/11/13/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detection of Mountain Permafrost by Combining High Resolution Surface and Subsurface Information – an Example from the Glatzbach Catchment, Austrian Alps AU - Otto, Jan-Christoph AU - Keuschnig, Markus AU - Götz, Joachim AU - Marbach, Matthias AU - Schrott, Lothar T2 - Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography AB - Otto, J.-C., Keuschnig, M., Götz, J., Marbach, M. and Schrott, L., 2012. Detection of mountain permafrost by combining high resolution surface and subsurface information – an example from the Glatzbach catchment, Austrian Alps. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 94, 43–57. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00455.xAbstractPermafrost distribution in mid-latitude mountains is strongly controlled by solar radiation, snow cover and surface characteristics like debris cover. With decreasing elevation these factors have to counterbalance local positive air temperatures in order to enable permafrost conditions. We combine high resolution surface data derived from terrestrial laser scanning with geophysical information on the underground conditions using ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography and ground surface temperature data in order to understand the effects of surface characteristics on permafrost distribution in an Alpine catchment, Austrian Alps (Glatzbach, 47°2′23.49″ N; 12°42′33.24″ E, 2700–2900 m a.s.l.). Ground ice and permafrost is found above an elevation of 2780 m a.s.l. on north-east facing slopes in 2009, previous studies detected permafrost at the same site at 2740 m a.s.l. in 1991. Analysis of surface roughness as a proxy for grain size distribution reveals that the lower boundary of discontinuous and sporadic permafrost is lowered on rough surfaces compared to fine-grain zones. At the same location modelled potential summer solar radiation in coarse grain zones is reduced by up to 40% compared to surfaces of fine grain sizes. The mostly patchy permafrost distribution at the Glatzbach can therefore be attributed to local surface cover characteristics, particularly regolith grain size and its influence on solar radiation. We conclude that the analysis of ground surface characteristics using very high resolution terrain data supports the assessment of permafrost in Alpine areas by identifying rough surface conditions favouring permafrost occurrence. DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00455.x DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 94 IS - 1 SP - 43 EP - 57 LA - en SN - 1468-0459 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00455.x/abstract Y2 - 2013/09/04/18:34:33 KW - Austrian Alps KW - electrical resistivity tomography KW - ground penetrating radar KW - mountain permafrost KW - solar radiation KW - surface roughness KW - terrestrial laser scanning ER - TY - JOUR TI - Permafrost creep and rock glacier dynamics AU - Haeberli, Wilfried AU - Hallet, Bernard AU - Arenson, Lukas AU - Elconin, Roger AU - Humlum, Ole AU - Kääb, Andreas AU - Kaufmann, Viktor AU - Ladanyi, Branko AU - Matsuoka, Norikazu AU - Springman, Sarah AU - Mühll, Daniel Vonder T2 - Permafrost and Periglacial Processes DA - 2006/07// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1002/ppp.561 DP - CrossRef VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 189 EP - 214 SN - 1045-6740, 1099-1530 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ppp.561 Y2 - 2013/09/04/18:13:53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flow velocities of active rock glaciers in the Austrian Alps AU - Krainer, Karl AU - He, Xiubin T2 - Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography AB - High surface flow velocities of up to 3 m a–1 were measured near the front of three active rock glaciers in the western Stubai Alps (Rei-chenkar) and Ötztal Alps (Kaiserberg and Ölgrube) in Tyrol (Austria) using differential GPS technology. Flow velocities have increased since about 1990. The highest velocities were recorded in 2003 and 2004, but showed a slight decrease in 2005. At the Reichenkar rock glacier, flow rates are constant throughout the year, indicating that meltwater has no significant influence on the flow mechanism. At Ölgrube rock glacier, flow velocities vary seasonally with considerably higher velocities during the melt season. Meltwater is likely to influence the flow of Ölgrube rock glacier as evident by several springs near the base of the steep front. Because the high surface velocities cannot be explained by internal deformation alone on Reichenkar rock glacier, we assume that horizontal deformation must also occur along a well defined shear zone within a water-saturated, fine-grained layer at the base of the frozen body. The increased surface flow velocities since about 1990 are probably caused by slightly increased ice temperature and greater amounts of meltwater discharge during the summer, a product of global warming. DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1111/j.0435-3676.2006.00300.x DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 88 IS - 4 SP - 267 EP - 280 LA - en SN - 1468-0459 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0435-3676.2006.00300.x/abstract Y2 - 2013/09/04/18:30:31 KW - Austrian Alps KW - GPS KW - active rock glaciers KW - flow velocity ER - TY - CHAP TI - Daten - Bedarf und Qualität. In: BMLFUW, ÖWAV (Hrsg.), Fließgewässermodellierung AU - Habersack, H. AU - Lalk, P. AU - Gabriel, H. AU - Haimann, M. AU - Moser, M. AU - Stephan, U. T2 - Fließgewässermodellierung - Arbeitsbehelf Feststofftransport und Gewässermorphologie A2 - BMLFUW A2 - ÖWAV CY - Wien DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 SP - 71 EP - 77 UR - http://www.lebensministerium.at/wasser/wasser-oesterreich/foerderungen/foerd_hochwasserschutz/feststoff.html Y2 - 2013/12/11/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Verlandung der Stauseen gefährdet die nachhaltige Nutzung der Wasserkraft. AU - Schleiss, A. AU - De Cesare, G. AU - Althaus, Dietmar T2 - Wasser Energie Luft DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Google Scholar VL - 102 IS - 1 SP - 31 EP - 40 SN - 0377-905X ISSN UR - http://www.swv.ch/Publikationen/Fachzeitschrift-WEL ER - TY - CHAP TI - „Grüne Wende?“ Naturschutz im Jahrhundertwende-Wien. In: Brunner, K. und P. Schneider (Hrsg): AU - Mrkvicka, A. AU - Schneider, P. T2 - Umwelt Stadt. 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DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 DP - Google Books SP - 692 LA - en PB - National Academy Press SN - 978-0-309-06208-4 ST - Landslides KW - Science / Earth Sciences / Geology ER - TY - CONF TI - Field investigations on meltwater percolation and its effect on shear strength of wet snow. AU - Bhutiyani, M.R. T2 - International Symposium on Snow C1 - Manali, India C3 - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Snow DA - 1994/// PY - 1994 SP - 85 EP - 88 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A sediment budget of a sandur in the forefield of the Pasterze glacier (Upper Tauern, Austria) AU - Hartmeyer, I. AU - Prasicek, G. AU - Geilhausen, M. AU - Schrott, L. T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 VL - 9., 4th EGU General Assembly IS - SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/EGU2007-A-10872 UR - http://meetings.copernicus.org/www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2007/10872/EGU2007-J-10872-1.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Permafrost und Felsstürze im Hitzesommer 2003 AU - Nötzli, J. AU - Gruber, S. AU - Hoelzle, M. T2 - GEOforum actuel DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 DP - Google Scholar VL - 20 SP - 11 EP - 14 UR - http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~jnoetzli/downloads/geoforum20_noetzli.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Hochwasser Paznaun 2005: Wald - Abfluss - Potentiale AU - Stepanek, L. AU - Kohl, B. AU - Pirkl, H. AU - Perzl, F. AU - Markart, G. AU - Klebinder, K. AU - Riedl, F. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 M3 - Bericht der Wildbach- und Lawinenverbauung, die.wildbach PB - Lebensminsterium, Land Tirol, BFW, Wien ER - TY - JOUR TI - Snow cover and soil moisture controls on solifluction in an area of seasonal frost, eastern Alps AU - Jaesche, Philipp AU - Veit, Heinz AU - Huwe, Bernd T2 - Permafrost and Periglacial Processes AB - This paper presents multi-year measurements of solifluction, frost heave and the concurrent thermal and hydrological regimes at two solifluction lobes with seasonal frost in the eastern Alps, Austria. The monitoring system included a new solifluction meter and time-domain-reflectometry (TDR) probes to measure the unfrozen water content of the soil. Three phases of ground thermal and hydrological conditions were identified, each with distinct consequences for soil movements. Rapid frost heave occurred during initial ground freezing in early winter. Freezing intensity and maximum frost penetration are strongly influenced by snow drifting in that period. Another period of marked heaving during spring snowmelt is attributed to meltwater infiltration into the frozen ground. Solifluction commenced at high water contents with the beginning of thaw settlement and was enhanced by daily fluctuations of snowmelt and lateral influx of meltwater. Slow movements continued, or even started, after complete thawing of the ground as long as lateral runoff from snow patches upslope elevated soil water contents. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 DO - 10.1002/ppp.471 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 14 IS - 4 SP - 399 EP - 410 LA - en SN - 1099-1530 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp.471/abstract Y2 - 2013/09/04/18:19:26 KW - Austrian Alps KW - soil moisture KW - monitoring KW - frost heave KW - seasonal frost KW - solifluction ER - TY - BOOK TI - Geomorphology and Global Environmental Change A3 - Slaymaker, Olav A3 - Spencer, Thomas A3 - Embleton-Hamann, Christine AB - How will global environmental change affect the landscape and our interaction with it? Apart from climate change, there are other important catalysts of landscape change, including relief, hydroclimate and runoff, sea level variations and human activity. This volume summarizes the state-of-the-art concerning the geomorphic implications of global environmental change, analyzing such effects on lakes, rivers, coasts, reefs, rainforests, savannas, deserts, glacial features, and mountains. Providing a benchmark statement from the world's leading geomorphologists on the current state of, and potential changes to, the environment, this book is invaluable for advanced courses on geomorphology and environmental science, and as a reference for research scientists. Interdisciplinary in scope, with a primary audience of Earth and environmental scientists, geographers, geomorphologists and ecologists, it also has a wider reach to those concerned with the social, economic and political issues raised by global environmental change, and is useful to policy makers and environmental managers. DA - 2009/07/02/ PY - 2009 DP - Google Books SP - 469 LA - en PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 978-0-521-87812-8 UR - http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/earth-and-environmental-science/geomorphology-and-physical-geography/geomorphology-and-global-environmental-change KW - Science / Earth Sciences / Geology KW - Science / Earth Sciences / Meteorology & Climatology KW - SCIENCE / Earth Sciences / Geography ER - TY - JOUR TI - Kinematic behaviour and velocity characteristics of a complex deep-seated crystalline rockslide system in relation to its interaction with a dam reservoir AU - Zangerl, C. AU - Eberhardt, E. AU - Perzlmaier, S. T2 - Engineering Geology AB - This paper presents the geometry, kinematics and temporal deformation characteristics of a deep-seated rockslide system, the “Hochmais–Atemkopf”, situated above the Gepatsch dam reservoir in Northern Tyrol, Austria. Results from surface and subsurface geological investigations and deformation monitoring indicate that the Hochmais–Atemkopf rockslide system involves several sliding masses, one on top of the other, characterized by different velocity characteristics with displacements being greater for the shallower slide bodies. During the initial impounding phases of the Gepatsch reservoir, uplift forces beneath the foot of the slope led to the activation of one of these shallower slide bodies, moving it more than 10 m downslope in 2 years. After continuous deceleration of the sliding mass, the deformation rates reduced to about 2 to 4 cm per year. These were found to show seasonal fluctuations that correlated with reservoir levels and drawdown conditions, with induced slope accelerations peaking when reservoir levels were at their lowest. This suggests, in part, a controlling mechanism based on seepage forces where reservoir drawdown drives the episodic rockslide deformation behaviour. Together, the data and analyses presented demonstrate the importance of integrating detailed geology and monitoring data to derive a basic understanding of the kinematics and controlling mechanisms of a deep-seated rockslide system in advance of undertaking comprehensive numerical modelling. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.01.001 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 112 IS - 1–4 SP - 53 EP - 67 J2 - Engineering Geology SN - 0013-7952 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013795210000025 Y2 - 2013/09/04/17:10:56 KW - Crystalline rock mass KW - Dam reservoir KW - Deformation monitoring KW - Hydromechanical interactions KW - Rockslides ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global review and synthesis of trends in observed terrestrial near-surface wind speeds: Implications for evaporation AU - McVicar, Tim R. AU - Roderick, Michael L. AU - Donohue, Randall J. AU - Li, Ling Tao AU - Van Niel, Thomas G. AU - Thomas, Axel AU - Grieser, Jürgen AU - Jhajharia, Deepak AU - Himri, Youcef AU - Mahowald, Natalie M. AU - Mescherskaya, Anna V. AU - Kruger, Andries C. AU - Rehman, Shafiqur AU - Dinpashoh, Yagob T2 - Journal of Hydrology AB - Summary In a globally warming climate, observed rates of atmospheric evaporative demand have declined over recent decades. Several recent studies have shown that declining rates of evaporative demand are primarily governed by trends in the aerodynamic component (primarily being the combination of the effects of wind speed (u) and atmospheric humidity) and secondarily by changes in the radiative component. A number of these studies also show that declining rates of observed near-surface u (termed ‘stilling’) is the primary factor contributing to declining rates of evaporative demand. One objective of this paper was to review and synthesise the literature to assess whether stilling is a globally widespread phenomenon. We analysed 148 studies reporting terrestrial u trends from across the globe (with uneven and incomplete spatial distribution and differing periods of measurement) and found that the average trend was −0.014 m s−1 a−1 for studies with more than 30 sites observing data for more than 30 years, which confirmed that stilling was widespread. Assuming a linear trend this constitutes a −0.7 m s−1 change in u over 50 years. A second objective was to confirm the declining rates of evaporative demand by reviewing papers reporting trends in measured pan evaporation (Epan) and estimated crop reference evapotranspiration (ETo); average trends were −3.19 mm a−2 (n = 55) and −1.31 mm a−2 (n = 26), respectively. A third objective was to assess the contribution to evaporative demand trends that the four primary meteorological variables (being u; atmospheric humidity; radiation; and air temperature) made. The results from 36 studies highlighted the importance of u trends. We also quantified the sensitivity of rates of evaporative demand to changes in u and how the relative contributions of the aerodynamic and radiative components change seasonally over the globe. Our review: (i) shows that terrestrial stilling is widespread across the globe; (ii) confirms declining rates of evaporative demand; and (iii) highlights the contribution u has made to these declining evaporative rates. Hence we advocate that assessing evaporative demand trends requires consideration of all four primary meteorological variables (being u, atmospheric humidity, radiation and air temperature). This is particularly relevant for long-term water resource assessment because changes in u exert greater influence on energy-limited water-yielding catchments than water-limited ones. DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.10.024 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 416–417 SP - 182 EP - 205 J2 - Journal of Hydrology SN - 0022-1694 ST - Global review and synthesis of trends in observed terrestrial near-surface wind speeds UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169411007487 Y2 - 2013/09/04/19:45:21 KW - Climate change KW - Evaporation paradox KW - Pan evaporation KW - Reference evapotranspiration KW - Stilling KW - trends ER - TY - JOUR TI - Observations and predictions of the behaviour of large, slow-moving landslides in schist, Clyde Dam reservoir, New Zealand AU - Macfarlane, D. F. 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T2 - The Cryosphere Discussions DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - Google Scholar VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 415 EP - 441 UR - http://www.the-cryosphere-discuss.net/3/415/2009/tcd-3-415-2009.pdf Y2 - 2013/09/04/14:07:49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Research Perspectives on Unstable High-alpine Bedrock Permafrost: Measurement, Modelling and Process Understanding AU - Krautblatter, Michael AU - Huggel, Christian AU - Deline, Philip AU - Hasler, Andreas T2 - Permafrost and Periglacial Processes DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1002/ppp.740 DP - Google Scholar VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 80 EP - 88 ST - Research Perspectives on Unstable High-alpine Bedrock Permafrost UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp.740/full Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:24:07 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of climate change on mass movements in mountain environments AU - Stoffel, Markus AU - Huggel, Christian T2 - Progress in Physical Geography AB - Changes in temperature and precipitation have a range of impacts, including change of glacier extent, extent and duration of snow cover, and distribution and thermal properties of permafrost. Similarly, it is likely that climatic changes affect frequency and magnitude of mass movements, such as shallow landslides, debris flows, rock slope failures, or ice avalanches. However, so far changes in mass-movement activity can hardly be detected in observational records. In this progress report we document the role of climate variability and change on mass-movement processes in mountains through the description and analysis of selected, recent mass movements where effects of global warming and the occurrence of heavy precipitation are thought to have contributed to, or triggered, events. In addition, we assess possible effects of future climatic changes on the incidence of mass-movement processes. The report concentrates on high-mountain systems, including processes such as glacier downwasting and the formation of new ice-marginal lakes, glacier debuttressing and the occurrence of rock slope instability, temperature increase and permafrost degradation, as well as on changing sediment reservoirs and sediment supply, with a clear focus on studies from the European Alps. DA - 2012/06/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1177/0309133312441010 DP - ppg.sagepub.com VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 421 EP - 439 J2 - Progress in Physical Geography LA - en SN - 0309-1333, 1477-0296 UR - http://ppg.sagepub.com/content/36/3/421 Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:57:45 KW - Climate change KW - Alps KW - permafrost KW - Glacier KW - hazard KW - landslide KW - mass movement ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate change and geomorphological hazards in the eastern European Alps AU - Keiler, Margreth AU - Knight, Jasper AU - Harrison, Stephan T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1098/rsta.2010.0047 DP - Google Scholar VL - 368 IS - 1919 SP - 2461 EP - 2479 UR - http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/368/1919/2461.short Y2 - 2013/09/04/14:46:07 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 10 Years of monitoring of the Doesen Rock Glacier (Ankogel Group, Austria). A review of the research activities for the time period 1995-2005. AU - Kaufmann, Viktor AU - Ladstädter, R. AU - Kienast, Gerhard T2 - Proceedings of the 5th Mountain Cartography Workshop of the Commission on Mountain Cartography of the ICA Bohinj, Slovenia, 29 March -1 April 2006 A2 - Petrovič, D. T3 - 129-144 DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Der Blockgletscher des äußeren Hochebenkares. AU - Vietoris, L. 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AU - Zeidler, Thomas T2 - BFW Praxisinformation DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 IS - 23 SP - 14 EP - 16 UR - http://bfw.ac.at/030/pdf/1818_pi23.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/11/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Snow avalanche disturbances in forest ecosystems—State of research and implications for management AU - Bebi, Peter AU - Kulakowski, Dominik AU - Rixen, Christian T2 - Forest Ecology and Management AB - Avalanche disturbances are important processes in many subalpine forest ecosystems but have received relatively little research attention in comparison to other major types of disturbances. This paper presents a review of interactions between forests and snow avalanches in mountain ecosystems and discusses how avalanche disturbance regimes and associated management may change in the future. Avalanche disturbance regimes are two-way interactions in which forest structure and composition affect avalanches and avalanches, in turn, affect structure and composition. Avalanches can damage or kill individual trees over 10–100 s of hectares in forests that are located in vulnerable topographic settings. At a stand scale, avalanche disturbances typically result in forest communities that are characterized by smaller and shorter trees, shade intolerant species, lower stem densities, and greater structural diversity compared to many unaffected subalpine forests. These disturbed communities often provide unique habitats for various animal and plant species and can contribute to overall higher alpha and beta biodiversity. At a broader scale, avalanche tracks provide increased landscape heterogeneity and edge density and can serve as firebreaks. Conversely, forests can affect the likelihood of avalanches starting and can thus protect large areas of human settlement and infrastructure. Forests generally reduce the likelihood of avalanche disturbances in mountain environments, but the degree to which forests serve this function varies with stand structure. Forest conditions that reduce likelihood of avalanche releases include a crown coverage of >30%, the absence of gaps >25 m in length, and an increased terrain roughness associated with lying or standing trees that exceed snow-depth. Future changes in climate and land-use are likely to impact forest cover and composition as well as snow avalanche disturbances. This is likely to alter the location of areas where avalanches play an important role in stand dynamics. Current knowledge on avalanche–forest disturbances provides a useful basis for managing avalanche prone forests based on cost-efficiency considerations. However, further research is needed to address uncertainties in the current knowledge of avalanche disturbances, the likely interacting effects of changes in climate and land-use on avalanche regimes, potential future shifts of avalanche prone areas, and the impacts of avalanches on biodiversity and other ecosystem services. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.050 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 257 IS - 9 SP - 1883 EP - 1892 J2 - Forest Ecology and Management SN - 0378-1127 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112709000851 Y2 - 2013/09/04/17:25:42 KW - Disturbance interactions KW - Forest cover change KW - Protection forest KW - Snow avalanches KW - Subalpine forest ER - TY - CHAP TI - The 2006 Eiger rockslide, European Alps. In Landslides: Types, Mechanisms and Modeling. AU - Jaboyedoff, M. AU - Derron, M.H. AU - Jakubowski, J. AU - Oppikofer, T. AU - Pedrazzini, A. T2 - Landslides: types, mechanisms and modeling A2 - Clague, John J. A2 - Stead, Douglas CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Google Scholar ET - 1. 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CY - Netherl DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 SP - 117 LA - English M3 - Technical Paper PB - European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change SN - ETC/ACC Technical Paper 2010/13 UR - http://acm.eionet.europa.eu/reports/docs/ETCACC_TP_2010_13_Cryosphere_CC_impacts.pdf Y2 - 2014/02/12/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rainfall characteristics for periglacial debris flows in the Swiss Alps: past incidences–potential future evolutions AU - Stoffel, Markus AU - Bollschweiler, Michelle AU - Beniston, Martin T2 - Climatic Change AB - Based on observational meteorological data since A.D. 1864 and tree-ring records of debris-flow activity, this paper assesses changes in rainfall characteristics and their impact on the triggering of geomorphic events in a high-elevation watershed of the Swiss Alps since the end of the Little Ice Age. No trends are visible in the frequency of heavy rainfall events, but we observe a reduced number of heavy, short-lived rainfalls in summer and a concentration of advective storms is recorded in late summer and early fall since the late 1980s. These changes in triggering meteorological conditions resulted in a cluster of debris flows in the early decades of the twentieth century and a lowering of debris-flow activity since the mid 1990s, and may be mirroring the observed changes in persistent high-pressure systems over the Alps. We also observe intra-seasonal differences in debris-flow system response reflecting the state of the permafrost body in the source area of debris flows, allowing for very small debris flows to be released by limited rainfall inputs (<20 mm) in June and July. The same quantities of rain will not trigger debris flows in August or September, when a thick active layer of the permafrost body is capable of absorbing water. With the projected amplitude of climatic change, seasonality, return intervals and volumes of debris flows are likely to be altered. RCM projections based on the IPCC A2 scenario suggest a decrease in heavy summer rainfalls which will most likely result in a (further) reduction of the overall frequency of debris flows, leaving more time for sediment to accumulate in the channel. Such an increase of channel accumulation rates along with the projected destabilization of the steep rock-glacier body is likely, in turn, to exert control ultimately on sediment volumes released from the source areas during future events. Observations from adjacent catchments suggest that extremely large debris flows, beyond historical experience, could occur at the study site and in similar debris-flow systems of the Valais Alps originating from periglacial environments. DA - 2011/03/01/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0036-6 DP - link.springer.com VL - 105 IS - 1-2 SP - 263 EP - 280 J2 - Climatic Change LA - en SN - 0165-0009, 1573-1480 ST - Rainfall characteristics for periglacial debris flows in the Swiss Alps UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-011-0036-6 Y2 - 2014/02/12/16:24:13 L1 - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10584-011-0036-6.pdf L2 - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-011-0036-6 KW - Meteorology/Climatology ER - TY - THES TI - Fraktionioerung von Geschiebetransportarten in morphodynamisch-numerischen Modellen AU - Sendzik, W CY - Hannover DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 SP - 118 LA - Deutsch M3 - Diplom PB - Universität Hannover UR - http://www.smileconsult.de/files/sendzik.pdf Y2 - 2014/02/12/ ER - TY - CONF TI - The FIRIA project: Towards assessing future wildfire hazard in Austria AU - Sass, O. AU - Vacik, A. AU - Arpaci, A. AU - Malowerschnig, B. AU - Formayer, H. AU - Sailer, R. T2 - 13. Österreichischer Klimatag C1 - Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien DA - 2012/06/14/15 PY - 2012 UR - www.austroclim.at/fileadmin/user_upload/13._Klimatag2012/Poster/P10_Sass.pdf ER - TY - CHAP TI - Die Vegetationskartierung im Zemmgrund aus den 1950er Jahren – Grundlage für aktuelle Vergleichsstudien. Ein Ergebnis der Vegetationskartierung von Helmut Friedel in den Zillertaler Alpen AU - Pindur, P. AU - Zwerger, P. AU - Luzian, R. AU - Stern, R. T2 - Prähistorische Lawinen: Nachweis und Analyse holozäner Lawinenereignisse in den Zillertaler Alpen, Österreich; der Blick zurück als Schlüssel für die Zukunft A2 - Pindur, R. A2 - Luzian, R. 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T3 - Reviews in Engineering Geology DA - 1987/// PY - 1987 VL - 7 PB - Geological Society of America UR - http://rock.geosociety.org/store/toc/REG007.HTM ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of a climate change on avalanche hazard AU - Martin, Eric AU - Giraud, Gérald AU - Lejeune, Yves AU - Boudart, Géraldine T2 - Annals of Glaciology AB - The SAFRAN/Crocus/MÉPRA software is used to assess the climatology of the avalanche hazard and its sensitivity to climate change. A natural avalanche-hazard index based on MÉPRA analysis is defined and validated against natural avalanche observations (triggered avalanches are not taken into account). A 15 year climatology then allows a comparison of avalanche hazard in the different French massifs. Finally, a simple climate scenario (with a general increase of precipitation and temperature) shows that avalanche hazard may decrease slightly in winter (mainly February) and more significantly in May/June. The relative proportion of wet-snow avalanches increases. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001 DO - 10.3189/172756401781819292 DP - IngentaConnect VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 163 EP - 167 J2 - Annals of Glaciology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal Trend and Spatial Distribution of Avalanche Activity during the Last 50 Years in Switzerland AU - Laternser, Martin AU - Schneebeli, Martin T2 - Natural Hazards AB - Avalanche observations are an important factor foroperational avalanche warningand the main parameter to carry out an objectiveverification of the avalanche bulletinin retrospect. For the first time, a 50-year longseries of avalanche activity data of 84Swiss avalanche observation stations is analysed anddiscussed. After careful datapreparation a regional avalanche activity index (RAAI)for seven snow-climatologicalregions of Switzerland was developed. Using differentstatistical descriptors, we wereunable to detect a long-term change in avalancheactivity, which stands in contrast toa significant increase of winter precipitation.The comparison of the RAAI with acomprehensive database for destructive avalanches(DADB) resulted in a low correlation.This shows clearly the difficulties involved indetermining a good measure for specifyingthe true avalanche activity. Depending on thedegree of the avalanche activity DADB andavalanche observations represent the avalancheactivity differently and overlap. Suggestionsare given for the improvement of the ongoingavalanche observation programme in order toachieve an overall consistent and reliabledata set in future. DA - 2002/11/01/ PY - 2002 DO - 10.1023/A:1020327312719 DP - link.springer.com VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 201 EP - 230 J2 - Natural Hazards LA - en SN - 0921-030X, 1573-0840 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1020327312719 Y2 - 2014/02/11/15:16:34 L1 - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023%2FA%3A1020327312719.pdf L2 - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1020327312719#page-1 KW - Climate change KW - Environmental Management KW - Geophysics/Geodesy KW - Civil Engineering KW - Hydrogeology KW - Switzerland KW - Geotechnical Engineering KW - avalanche KW - avalanche activity KW - avalanche observation KW - data quality KW - destructive avalanche ER - TY - CONF TI - A rock/ice mechanical model for the destabilisation of permafrost rocks and first laboratory evidence for the ‘reduced friction hypothesis’ AU - Krautblatter, M. AU - Funk, D. 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AU - Badura, H AU - Schneider, J T2 - River Flow 2006 C1 - Lisbon, Portugal C3 - River Flow 2006 DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 SP - 1601 EP - 1606 PB - Tay SN - 0-415-40815-6 UR - https://online.tugraz.at/tug_online/voe_main2.getVollText?pDocumentNr=36796&pCurrPk=19605 Y2 - 2014/02/11/ ER - TY - CONF TI - Quantitative analysis of rock glacier creep by means of digital photogrammetry using multi-temporal aerial photographs: two case studies in the Austrian Alps. AU - Kaufmann, V. AU - Ladstädter, R. T2 - 8th International Conference on Permafrost A2 - Philips, S. A2 - Springman, S.M. A2 - Arenson, L.U. C1 - Zürich, Switzerland DA - 2003/07/21/25 PY - 2003 SP - 525 EP - 530 PB - Swets & Zeitlinger SN - 90 5809 582 7 UR - http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/ICOP/55700698/Pdf/Chapter_093.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The evolution of rock glacier monitoring using terrestrial photogrammetry: the example of Äußeres Hochebenkar rock glacier (Austria). AU - Kaufmann, Viktor T2 - Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 VL - 105 IS - 2 SP - 63 EP - 67 UR - http://www.univie.ac.at/ajes/archive/volume_105_2/kaufmann_ajes_105_2.pdf Y2 - 2013/12/11/ ER - TY - THES TI - Uncertainties in natural hazard risk management AU - Hug, D. CY - Würzburg DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 M3 - Master Thesis PB - Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg ER - TY - CONF TI - Debris flows in the mountain permafrost zone: Hohe Tauern national park (Austria) AU - Hirschmugl, M, T2 - 8th International Conference on Permafrost A2 - Philips, S. A2 - Springman, S.M. A2 - Arenson, L.U. C1 - Zürich, Switzerland DA - 2003/07/21/25 PY - 2003 PB - Swets & Zeitlinger SN - 90 5809 582 7 UR - http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/ICOP/55700698/Pdf/Chapter_074.pdf ER - TY - CONF TI - Die Katastrophenlawinen von Galtür und Valzur am 23. Und 24.2. 1999 im Paznauntal/Tirol. AU - Heumader, J. T2 - Internationales Symposium Interpraevent 2000. Schutz des Lebensraumes vor Hochwasser, Muren und Lawinen DA - 2000/// PY - 2000 VL - 1 SP - 397 EP - 409 PB - Interpraevent UR - http://www.interpraevent.at/?tpl=publikation.php&menu=35 ER - TY - CONF TI - Klimatische und meteorologische Einflüsse auf Sturzprozesse AU - Gruner, Ueli T2 - Interpraevent 2008 C1 - Dornbirn, Austria C3 - Interpraevent Conference Proceedings DA - 2008/05/26/30 PY - 2008 DP - Google Scholar VL - 2 SP - 147 EP - 158 SN - 978-3-901164-10-1 UR - www.interpraevent.at/palm-cms/upload_files/Publikationen/Tagungsbeitraege/2008_2_147.pdf Y2 - 2013/12/11/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Begleitworte zur Karte des Gepatschferners AU - Finsterwalder, S. T2 - Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde DA - 1928/// PY - 1928 DP - Google Scholar VL - 16 IS - 1/2 SP - 20 EP - 41 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. 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C1 - Fairbanks C3 - Proceedings of the ninth International Converence on Permafrost (NICOP) DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 SP - 343 EP - 348 PB - University of Alaska, Fairbanks ER - TY - RPRT TI - ClimChAlp - Climate Change, Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in the Alpine Space Strategic Interreg III B Alpine Space Project COMMON STRATEGIC PAPER AU - ClimChAlp DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 UR - http://www.adaptalp.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=139&Itemid=79 Y2 - 2014/02/11/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Persistence of soil organic matter in eroding versus depositional landform positions AU - Berhe, A.A. AU - Harden, J.W. AU - Torn, M.S. AU - Kleber, M. AU - Burton, S.D. AU - Harte, J. 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AU - Seren, Sirri T2 - Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 VL - 105 IS - 2 SP - 154 EP - 168 UR - http://www.univie.ac.at/ajes/archive/volume_105_2/schoener_et_al_ajes_105_2.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wirkungen des Waldes auf oberflächennahe Rutschprozesse AU - Rickli, Christian AU - Zürcher, Kaspar AU - Frey, Werner AU - Lüscher, Peter T2 - Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen DA - 2002/// PY - 2002 DP - Google Scholar VL - 153 IS - 11 SP - 437 EP - 445 UR - http://szf-jfs.org/doi/pdf/10.3188/szf.2002.0437 Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:45:15 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Klimaänderung und Wasserkraft. Sektorielle Studie Wallis. Modul D. Auswirkungen der Klimaänderung auf die Geschiebefracht AU - Raymond Pralong,, Melanie AU - Turowski, Jens M. AU - Beer, Alexander AU - Rickenmann, Dieter AU - Métraux, Valentin AU - Glassey, Thierry AB - Klimaänderung und Wasserkraft – Sektorielle Studie Wallis ... - WSL CY - Sion und Birmensdorf DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 SP - 46 PB - Eidg. Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft UR - http://www.wsl.ch/fe/gebirgshydrologie/wildbaeche/projekte/hydropower/index_DE Y2 - 2013/09/04/19:54:47 KW - beobachteten KW - dixence KW - einzugsgebiet KW - einzugsgebiete KW - geschiebefrachten KW - geschiebetransport KW - gletscher KW - grande KW - oberhalb KW - rickenmann KW - sektorielle KW - studie KW - wallis KW - wasserkraft KW - wsl.ch KW - www.wsl.ch ER - TY - ELEC TI - Nationalpark Hohe Tauern website AU - Nationalpark Hohe Tauern DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 UR - http://www.hohetauern.at/de/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Selective burning of forest vegetation in Canton Ticino (southern Switzerland) AU - Pezzatti, G. B. AU - Bajocco, S. AU - Torriani, D. AU - Conedera, M. T2 - Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology AB - Abstract Detailed knowledge of factors controlling fire regime is a prerequisite for efficient fire management. We analyzed the fire selectivity of given forest vegetation classes both in terms of fire frequency and fire size for the present fire regime (1982–2005) in Canton Ticino (southern Switzerland). To this end, we investigated the dataset in four categories (all fires, anthropogenic winter fires, anthropogenic summer fires, and natural summer fires) and performed 1000 random Monte Carlo simulations on frequency and size. Anthropogenic winter and summer fires have a similar selectivity, occurring mostly at low elevations in chestnut stands, broadleaved forests, and in the first 50 m from the forest edge. In winter half of the fires in chestnut stands are significantly larger than 1.0 ha and the average burnt area in some coniferous forests tends to be high. Lightning fires seem to occur more frequently in spruce stands and less often in the summer‐humid chestnut and beech stands and the 50–100 m buffer area. In beech forests, in mixed forests, and in the spruce stands affected by natural fire in summer, the fires tend to be small in size. The selectivity observed, especially the selectivity of anthropogenic fires in terms of fire frequency, seems to be also related to geographical parameters such as altitude and aspect, and to anthropogenic characteristics such as closeness to roads or buildings. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1080/11263500903233292 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 143 IS - 3 SP - 609 EP - 620 SN - 1126-3504 UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11263500903233292 Y2 - 2013/09/04/19:04:56 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Die Lawinen-Schutzwirkung des Waldes im Klimawandel AU - Perzl, F. AU - Walter, D. T2 - AlpineSPACE Project/MANFRED Report. CY - Innsbruck DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 PB - Bundesforschungszentrum für Wald. Institut für Naturgefahren ER - TY - BOOK TI - Quantifizierung von rezenten und postglazialen Sedimentflüssen in den Ostalpen T2 - Salzburger Geografische Nachrichten A3 - Otto, Jan-Christoph A3 - Schrott, Lothar CY - Salzburg DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 VL - 46 PB - Selbstverlag des Fachbereichs Geographie und Geologie der Universität Salzburg ER - TY - BOOK TI - Geoökologie: geowissenschaftliche Aspekte der Ökologie AU - Neumeister, Hans CY - Jena DA - 1988/// PY - 1988 DP - Google Scholar PB - Fischer SN - 3-334-00126-1 978-3-334-00126-4 ST - Geoökologie-geowissenschaftliche Aspekte der Ökologie ER - TY - JOUR TI - Topics annual review: natural catastrophes 2002 AU - Munich Re DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 DP - Google Scholar ST - Topics annual review UR - www.munichre.co.jp/public/PDF/Topics_2002_NaturalHazardIndex.pdf N1 -

nicht vollständig

ER - TY - CHAP TI - Klimawandel im Alpenraum – Ergebnisse von GLOWA-Danube AU - Mauser, W AU - Prasch, M T2 - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft in Österreich. Präsentation der aktuellen Studien A2 - ÖWAV CY - Wien DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 SP - 89 EP - 100 PB - Österreichischer Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaftsverband UR - http://www.oewav.at/Page.aspx?target=65710&mode=form&app=134598&edit=0¤t=141564&view=134599&predefQuery=-1 Y2 - 2013/11/13/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluation and quantification of possible impacts of climate change on hydrological characteristics of forests in the Waidhofen a.d. Ybbs region. Final Report: CC-WaterS - Climate Change and Impacts on Water Supply AU - Markart, G. AU - Perzl, F. AU - Klebinder, K. AU - Kohl, B. AU - Adams, M. AU - Sotier, B. AU - Stary, U AU - Strasser, M. AU - Suntinger, K. CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 PB - Bundesforschungszentrum für Wald UR - http://www.lebensministerium.at/dms/lmat/forst/oesterreich-wald/raumplanung/landschaftsentwicklung/cc_waters/CC-WaterS_BFW_Final_Report_04_04_2012_final_version.pdf. G o o g l e erzeugt beim Web-Durchgang automatische HTML-Versionen von Dokumenten Y2 - 2013/11/13/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Effekte des Klimawandels im Naturraum des Hochgebirges. AU - Lieb, G.K. AU - Kellerer-Pirklbauer, A. AU - Strasser, U. T2 - Geographie für eine Welt im Wandel A2 - Fassmann, Heinz A2 - Glade, Thomas CY - Göttingen DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Open WorldCat SP - 229 EP - 255. LA - German PB - V&R unipress SN - 978-3-89971-912-3 3-89971-912-3 978-3-86234-912-8 3-86234-912-8 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Veränderung von Lawinenschutzwäldern in der Landschaft Davos. AU - Lardelli, C. AU - Bebi, P. T2 - Bündner Wald DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 VL - 58 IS - 4 SP - 69 EP - 72 UR - http://www.buendnerwald.ch/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temperatur und Kluftwasser als Ursachen von Felssturz AU - Krähenbühl, Ruedi T2 - Bulletin für angewandte Geologie DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 DP - Google Scholar VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 35 UR - http://www.angewandte-geologie.ch/Dokumente/Archiv/Vol91/91_3Kraehenbuel-Abstr.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/13/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatio-temporal analysis of the dynamic behaviour of the Hochebenkar rock glaciers (Oetztal Alps, Austria) by means of digital photogrammetric methods AU - Kaufmann, V. AU - Ladstädter, R. 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Compiled by the Working Group on Geomorphological survey and mapping A2 - Embleton, Clifford T3 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementbände DA - 1988/// PY - 1988 VL - 68 SP - 125 EP - 141 SN - 978-3-443-21068-7 UR - http://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783443210687/Z_Geomorph_S_Bd_68 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Klima und Sturzereignisse in Vergangenheit und Zukunft AU - Gruner, Ueli T2 - Bulletin für angewandte Geologie DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 DP - Google Scholar VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 23 EP - 37 UR - http://www.k-h.ch/bilder/pdf_publikationen/2004_12_Gruner-Klima-Sturz.pdf Y2 - 2013/12/11/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Permafrost in steep bedrock slopes and its temperature-related destabilization following climate change AU - Gruber, S. AU - Haeberli, W. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface AB - Permafrost in steep bedrock is abundant in many cold-mountain areas, and its degradation can cause slope instability that is unexpected and unprecedented in location, magnitude, frequency, and timing. These phenomena bear consequences for the understanding of landscape evolution, natural hazards, and the safe and sustainable operation of high-mountain infrastructure. Permafrost in steep bedrock is an emerging field of research. Knowledge of rock temperatures, ice content, mechanisms of degradation, and the processes that link warming and destabilization is often fragmental. In this article we provide a review and discussion of existing literature and pinpoint important questions. Ice-filled joints are common in bedrock permafrost and possibly actively widened by ice segregation. Broad evidence of destabilization by warming permafrost exists despite problems of attributing individual events to this phenomenon with certainty. Convex topography such as ridges, spurs, and peaks is often subject to faster and deeper thaw than other areas. Permafrost degradation in steep bedrock can be strongly affected by percolating water in fractures. This degradation by advection is difficult to predict and can lead to quick and deep development of thaw corridors along fractures in permafrost and potentially destabilize much greater volumes of rock than conduction would. Although most research on steep bedrock permafrost originates from the Alps, it will likely gain importance in other geographic regions with mountain permafrost. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1029/2006JF000547 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 112 IS - F2 LA - en SN - 2156-2202 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2006JF000547/abstract Y2 - 2013/09/04/18:13:17 KW - Climate change KW - permafrost KW - steep bedrock slopes ER - TY - ELEC TI - Glossary on Snow and avalanches AU - European Avalanche Warning Services T2 - Glossary on Snow and avalanches, European Avalanche Warnung Services DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 UR - http://www.avalanches.org/eaws/en/includes/glossary/glossary_en_all.html Y2 - 2014/02/11/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Forest Fires in Europe 2010. JRC Scientific and Technical Reports AU - Schmuck, Guido AU - San-Miguel-Ayanz, Jesus AU - Camia, Andrea AU - Durrant, Tracy AU - Santos de Oliveira, Sandra AU - Boca, Roberto AU - Whitmore, James AU - Giovando, Cristiano AU - Libertà, Giorgio AU - Corti, Paolo AU - Schulte, Ernst T2 - Scientific and Technical Reports DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 PB - Joint Research Center, European Commission; Institute for Environment and Sustainability SN - 11 UR - http://forest.jrc.ec.europa.eu/media/cms_page_media/9/forest-fires-in-europe-2010.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/11/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Le glissement de terrain d’Ain El Hammam (Algerie): causes et evolution AU - Djerbal, Lynda AU - Melbouci, Bachir T2 - Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment AB - Cet article résume les travaux de caractérisation entrepris sur le glissement d’Ain El Hammam. L’instabilité du versant a vu la réactivation d’anciens glissements et l’apparition de nouveaux glissements, aidé par un climat fort variable. La difficulté de l’estimation de sa stabilité dépend de plusieurs facteurs qui interagissent simultanément. Ces facteurs ont été groupés en deux grandes catégories: facteurs actifs et facteurs passifs. Ils ont tous contribué conjointement à l’amorce et à l’activité du mouvement. Ce glissement est caractérisé par un mouvement très actif s’étendant sur une surface importante. Il affecte une formation schisteuse souvent altérée et fissurée. Les mécanismes de déformation et la structure du mouvement sont très complexes. Il s’agit d’une multitude de ruptures superposées et le mouvement évolue aussi bien latéralement qu’en profondeur. DA - 2012/08/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1007/s10064-012-0423-x DP - link.springer.com VL - 71 IS - 3 SP - 587 EP - 597 J2 - Bull Eng Geol Environ LA - en SN - 1435-9529, 1435-9537 ST - Le glissement de terrain d’Ain El Hammam (Algerie) UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10064-012-0423-x Y2 - 2013/11/11/07:49:03 KW - Evolution KW - Facteurs de déclenchement KW - Geoecology/Natural Processes KW - Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics KW - Géomorphologie KW - Geomorphology KW - Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences KW - Glissement de terrain KW - Landslide KW - Movement structure KW - Nature Conservation KW - Origin KW - Origine KW - Structure du mouvement KW - Triggers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Frequency of precipitation and temperature extremes over France in an anthropogenic scenario: Model results and statistical correction according to observed values AU - Déqué, Michel T2 - Global and Planetary Change AB - Météo-France atmospheric model ARPEGE/Climate has been used to simulate present climate (1961–1990) and a possible future climate (2071–2100) through two ensembles of three 30-year numerical experiments. In the scenario experiment, the greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations are prescribed by the so-called SRES-A2 hypotheses, whereas the sea surface temperature and sea ice extent come from an earlier ocean–atmosphere coupled simulation. The model covers the whole globe, with a variable resolution reaching 50 to 60 km over France. Model responses on daily minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation are analyzed over France. The distribution of daily values is compared with observed data from the French climatological network. The extreme cold temperatures and summer heavy precipitations are underestimated by the model. A correction technique is proposed in order to adjust the simulated values according to the observed ones. This process is applied to both reference and scenario simulation. Synthetic indices of extreme events are calculated with corrected simulations. The number of heavy rain (> 10 mm) days increases by one quarter in winter. The maximum length of summer dry episodes increases by one half in summer. The number of heat wave days is multiplied by 10. The response in precipitation is less when only the change in the mean is considered. Such a corrected simulation is useful to feed impact models which are sensitive to threshold values, but the correction does not reduce, and may enhance in some cases, the uncertainty about the climate projections. Using several models and scenarios is the appropriate technique to deal with uncertainty. DA - 2007/05// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.11.030 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 57 IS - 1–2 SP - 16 EP - 26 J2 - Global and Planetary Change SN - 0921-8181 ST - Frequency of precipitation and temperature extremes over France in an anthropogenic scenario UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818106002748 Y2 - 2013/11/11/07:33:24 KW - Numerical simulation KW - extreme values KW - numerical simulation KW - regional climate KW - scenario ER - TY - THES TI - Modellierung anthropogener Eingriffe auf das Hochwasserabflussgeschehen in der Mesoskala. AU - Debene, A. CY - Wien DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 SP - 162 LA - Deutsch PB - Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Institut für Wasserwirtschaft, Hydrologie und konstruktiven Wasserbau ER - TY - BOOK TI - AdaptEvent. Analyse der Sicherheit und Genauigkeit von Bemessungswerten bei gravitativen alpinen Naturgefahren und Ableitung von Anpassungsstrategien an den Klimawandel AU - Andrecs, P. AU - Hagen, K. AU - Fromm, R. AU - Gauer, P. AU - Höller, P. AU - Klebinder, K. AU - Kohl, B. AU - Lang, E. AU - Markart, G. AU - Perzl, F. CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Google Scholar PB - Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrums für Wald, Naturgefahren und Landschaft UR - http://bfw.ac.at/db/bfwcms.web?dok=8601 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Susceptibility versus resilience to mountain hazards in Austria—paradigms of vulnerability revisited AU - Fuchs, S. T2 - Natural Hazards Earth System Sciences DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DO - 10.5194/nhess-9-337-2009 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 337 EP - 352 UR - http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/9/337/2009/nhess-9-337-2009.html ER - TY - CHAP TI - Auswirkungen von möglichen Klimaänderungen auf den Wasserhaushalt und Extremwerte AU - Nachtnebel, H.P. AU - Stanzel, Phillip T2 - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft in Österreich A2 - ÖWAV CY - Wien DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 SP - 115 EP - 128 PB - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft SN - 978-3-902084-79-8 Y2 - 2013/10/22/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is climate change causing increased rockfall frequency in Austria? AU - Sass, O. AU - Oberlechner, M. T2 - Natural Hazards Earth System Sciences DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DO - 10.5194/nhess-12-3209-2012 DP - Copernicus Online Journals VL - 12 IS - 11 SP - 3209 EP - 3216 J2 - Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. SN - 1684-9981 UR - http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/12/3209/2012/ Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:53:10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of rise in mean annual temperature on the stability of rock slopes containing ice-filled discontinuities AU - Davies, M.C.R. AU - Hamza, O. AU - Harris, C. T2 - Permafrost and Periglacial Processes DA - 2001/// PY - 2001 DO - 10.1002/ppp 378 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 137 EP - 144 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp.378/pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Auswirkungen verschiedener Szenarien der Klimaänderung auf den österreichischen Abschnitt der Donau AU - Kling, Harald DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 SP - 6 SN - Endbericht K09DV0S00001_KlimaänderungDonau_v1.0 UR - http://www.klimafonds.gv.at/assets/Uploads/Projektberichte/Direktvergaben/EndberichtK09DV0S00001KlimanderungDonauv1-0.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/13/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Hazard assessment AU - Zimmermann, Markus T2 - Dating Torrential Processes on Fans and Cones T3 - Advances in Global Change Research DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - Google Scholar VL - 47 SP - 343 EP - 353 PB - Springer SN - 978-94-007-4335-9 UR - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-4336-6_23 Y2 - 2013/09/04/14:53:58 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Murganggefahr und Klimaänderung: ein GIS-basierter Ansatz AU - Zimmermann, Markus AU - Mani, Peter AU - Gamma, Patrick DA - 1997/// PY - 1997 DP - Google Books SP - 162 LA - de PB - vdf Hochschulverlag AG SN - 978-3-7281-2488-3 ST - Murganggefahr und Klimaänderung ER - TY - CONF TI - Human impact index in landslide susceptibility mapping AU - Zhao, Wenyi AU - Tian, Yuan AU - Wu, Lun AU - Liu, Yu T2 - 2010 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics DA - 2010/06// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2010.5567817 DP - CrossRef SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - IEEE SN - 978-1-4244-7301-4 UR - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5567817 Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:17:21 ER - TY - CONF TI - Kinematics and internal deformation of a deep-seated slow rock slide in metamorphic rock (Niedergallmigg, Austria) AU - Zangerl, C. AU - Prager, C. AU - Chwatal, W. AU - Brückl, E. AU - Kirschner, H. AU - Brandner, R. A2 - Eberhardt, Erik Brian A2 - Froese, C. A2 - Turner, K. A2 - Leroueil, S. C1 - Leiden C3 - Landslides and engineered slopes: Protecting Society through Improved Understanding: Proceedings of the 11th International and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes, Banff, Canada, 3-8 June 2012 DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Open WorldCat LA - English PB - CRC Press SN - 978-0-415-62123-6 0-415-62123-2 978-0-415-62123-6 0-415-62123-2 UR - http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415621236/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deformation and mechanism of landslide influenced by the effects of reservoir water and rainfall, Three Gorges, China AU - Xia, Min AU - Ren, Guang Ming AU - Ma, Xin Lei T2 - Natural Hazards DA - 2013/09// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1007/s11069-013-0634-x DP - Google Scholar VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - 467 EP - 482 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-013-0634-x Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:15:54 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Die Klimaänderung (in) der Wachau: Die Klimaänderung der Wachauer Winzer (Diplomarbeit) AU - Wimmer, Alexander CY - Hamburg DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 SP - 288 PB - Diplomica Verlag UR - http://www.diplom.de/ean/9783836627184 Y2 - 2013/11/14/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Rockfalls AU - Whalley, W.B. T2 - Slope Instability A2 - Brunsden, D. A2 - Prior, D.B. CY - London DA - 1984/// PY - 1984 SP - 217 EP - 256 LA - English PB - Wiley ER - TY - RPRT TI - Modelling of Landslide Susceptibility and affected Areas – Process-specific Validation of Databases, Methods and Results for the Communities of Gasen and Haslau (AdaptSlide) AU - Tilch, N. AU - Hagen, K. AU - Aust, Günter AU - Fromm, Reinhard AU - Herzeberger, Edwin AU - Klebinder, Klaus AU - Perl, Frank AU - Proske, Herwig AU - Bauer, Christian AU - Kornberger, Birgit AU - Kleb, Ulrike AU - Granica, Klaus AU - Pistotnik, Georg AU - Haiden, Thomas CY - Vienna DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 M3 - Endreport PB - Austrian Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW) UR - http://bfw.ac.at/050/pdf/ASlide_Endbericht_fin_201110119.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/14/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Der Einfluß langsamer Massenbewegungen auf das Sanftrelief der südlichen Zentralalpen. AU - Strunk, H. T2 - Geomorphologie der Periglazialgebiete A2 - Klug, Heinz T3 - Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie N. F., Supplementbände CY - Stuttgart DA - 1986//11/ PY - 1986 VL - Suppl.-Bd. 61 SP - 77 EP - 88 PB - Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung SN - ISBN 978-3-443-21061-8 UR - http://www.schweizerbart.de//publications/detail/isbn/9783443210618/Geomorphologie_der_Periglazialgebiete__Geomorpholo ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using multi variate data mining techniques for estimating fire susceptibility of Tyrolean forests AU - Arpaci, A. AU - Malowerschnig, B. AU - Sass, O. AU - Vacik, H. T2 - Applied Geography, in press (June 2014) DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bergstürze und Klima in den Alpen, gibt es Zusammenhänge? AU - Gruner, Ueli T2 - Bulletin für angewandte Geologie DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 25 EP - 34 UR - http://www.angewandte-geologie.ch/Dokumente/Archiv/Vol11_2/112_3Gruner.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Landslides from massive rock slope failure. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Massive Rock Slope Failure: New Models for Hazard Assessment, Celano, Italy, 16-21 June 2002 AU - Evans, Stephen G. AU - Scarascia Mugnozza, Gabriele AU - Strom, Alexander AU - Hermanns, Reginald L. T2 - NATO science series (closed) CY - Berlin DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DP - Google Scholar VL - 1 LA - 662 M1 - 49 PB - Springer SN - 978-1-4020-4035-1 UR - http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006lmrs.book.....E Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:47:25 ER - TY - MAP TI - Erläuterungen zur Bodenkarte 1:25.000 Kartierungsbereich Gänserndorf, Niederösterreich (Mit 13 Kt.) AU - BMFL T2 - Österreichische Bodenkartierung C1 - 1:25.000 ET - KB 27 M3 - Bodenkarte ER - TY - BOOK TI - Lawinenhandbuch AU - Gabl, Karl AU - Lackinger, Bernhard A3 - Land Tirol CY - Innsbruck DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 SP - 260 LA - Deutsch PB - Tyrolia Verlag SN - 978-3-7022-1577-4 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Lawine: die 10 entscheidenden Gefahrenmuster erkennen; Praxishandbuch AU - Mair, Rudi AU - Nairz, Patrick CY - Innsbruck; Wien DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Open WorldCat LA - German PB - Tyrolia-Verlag SN - 978-3-7022-3086-9 3-7022-3086-6 ST - Lawine ER - TY - BOOK TI - Alpine Naturgefahren. Ein Handbuch für Praktiker. A3 - Hübl, J. A3 - Hochschwarzer, M A3 - Sereinig, N. A3 - Wöhrer-Alge, M. DA - 2011b PY - 2011b DP - Open WorldCat LA - Deutsch PB - Wildbach‐ und Lawinenverbauung Sektion Vorarlberg. ER - TY - CONF TI - Towards a frequency-magnitude relationship for torrent events in Austria AU - Hübl, J. AU - Fuchs, S. AU - Sitter, F. AU - Totschnig, R. T2 - 5th International Conference on debris-flow hazards mitigation: mechanics, prediction and assessment. A2 - Genevois, Rinaldo A2 - Hamilton, Douglas L A2 - Prestininzi, Alberto C1 - Padua, Italy C3 - Debris-flow hazards mitigation: mechanics, prediction, and assessment: proceedings of 5th international conference: Padua, Italy, 14-17 June 2011 DA - 2011a PY - 2011a DP - Open WorldCat LA - English PB - Università La Sapienza SN - 978-88-95814-46-9 88-95814-46-0 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long-term monitoring of permafrost-affected rock faces - A scale-oriented approach for the long-term monitoring of ground thermal conditions in permafrost-affected rock faces, Kitzsteinhorn, Hohe Tauern Range, Austria AU - Hartmeyer, Ingo AU - Keuschnig, Markus AU - Schrott, Lothar T2 - Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences DA - 2012b PY - 2012b VL - 105 IS - 2 SP - 128 EP - 139 UR - http://www.univie.ac.at/ajes/archive/volume_105_2/hartmeyer_et_al_ajes_105_2.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - A scale-oriented approach for the long-term monitoring of ground thermal conditions in permafrost-affected rock faces AU - Hartmeyer, Ingo AU - Keuschnig, Markus AU - Schrott, Lothar T2 - Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences DA - 2012a PY - 2012a VL - 105 IS - 2 SP - 128 EP - 139 UR - http://www.univie.ac.at/ajes/archive/volume_105_2/hartmeyer_et_al_ajes_105_2.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling alpine permafrost distribution in the Hohe Tauern region, Austria AU - Schrott, L. AU - Otto, J.-C. AU - Keller, Felix T2 - Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences DA - 2012a PY - 2012a VL - 105 IS - 2 SP - 169 EP - 183 UR - http://www.univie.ac.at/ajes/archive/volume_105_2/schrott_et_al_ajes_105_2.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Permafrost in den Hohen Tauern AU - Schrott, L. AU - Otto, J.C. AU - Keller, F. AU - Rosner, M.L. DA - 2012b PY - 2012b M3 - Abschlussbericht des permalp.at Projektes PB - Universität Salzburg, unveröffentlicht UR - permalp.at ER - TY - CHAP TI - Physical impacts of climate change on landslide occurrence and related adaptation AU - Huggel, Christian AU - Khabarov, Nikolay AU - Korup, Oliver AU - Obersteiner, Michael T2 - Landslides: Types, Mechanisms and Modeling A2 - Claque, John J. A2 - Stead, Douglas CY - United Kingdom DA - 2012b PY - 2012b DP - Google Scholar SP - 121 EP - 134 PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 978-1-107-00206-7 UR - http://books.google.at/books?hl=de&lr=&id=4uXfBmtrVK0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA121&dq=+Physical+impacts+of+climate+change+on+landslide+occurrence+and+related+adaptation+%22Physical+impacts+of+climate+change+on+landslide+occurrence+and+related+adaptation%22+autor:Huggel&ots=CZPbYhFa41&sig=BKXdC1k5MvMADOhmO-JXTGrOwf4 Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:13:14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is climate change responsible for changing landslide activity in high mountains? AU - Huggel, Christian AU - Clague, John J. AU - Korup, Oliver T2 - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms DA - 2012a PY - 2012a DO - 10.1002/esp.2223 DP - Google Scholar VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 77 EP - 91 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.2223/full Y2 - 2013/09/04/14:44:53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate change and rock fall events in high mountain areas: Numerous and extensive rock falls in 2007 at Mittlerer Burgstall, Central Austria AU - Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas AU - Lieb, Gerhard Karl AU - Avian, Michael AU - Carrivick, Jonathan T2 - Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography DA - 2012b PY - 2012b DO - 10.1111/j.1468-0459.2011.00449.x DP - Google Scholar VL - 94 IS - 1 SP - 59 EP - 78 ST - Climate change and rock fall events in high mountain areas UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2011.00449.x/full Y2 - 2013/09/04/16:18:17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interpretation of geothermal profiles perturbed by topography: The Alpine permafrost boreholes at Stockhorn Plateau, Switzerland AU - Gruber, Stephan AU - King, Lorenz AU - Kohl, Thomas AU - Herz, Thomas AU - Haeberli, Wilfried AU - Hoelzle, Martin T2 - Permafrost and Periglacial Processes DA - 2004b PY - 2004b DO - 10.1002/ppp.503 DP - Google Scholar VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 349 EP - 357 ST - Interpretation of geothermal profiles perturbed by topography UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp.503/abstract Y2 - 2013/09/04/15:59:17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Permafrost thaw and destabilization of Alpine rock walls in the hot summer of 2003 AU - Gruber, Stephan AU - Hoelzle, Martin AU - Haeberli, Wilfried T2 - Geophysical Research Letters AB - Exceptional rockfall occurred throughout the Alps during the unusually hot summer of 2003. It is likely related to the fast thermal reaction of the subsurface of steep rock slopes and a corresponding destabilization of ice-filled discontinuities. This suggests that rockfall may be a direct and unexpectedly fast impact of climate change. Based upon our measurements in Alpine rock faces, we present model simulations illustrating the distribution and degradation of permafrost where the summer of 2003 has resulted in extreme thaw. We argue that hotter summers predicted by climate models for the coming decades will result in reduced stability of many alpine rock walls. DA - 2004a PY - 2004a DO - 10.1029/2004GL020051 VL - 31 IS - 13 SN - 0094-8276 ST - Permafrost thaw and destabilization of Alpine rock walls in the hot summer of 2003 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020051 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Hochwasser 2005 AU - BMLFUW DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 M3 - Ereignisdokumentation der Bundeswasserbauverwaltung, des Forsttechnischen Dienstes für Wildbach- und Lawinenverbauung und des Hydrographischen Dienstes PB - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft, Sektion Wasser ER - TY - ELEC TI - Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik AU - ZAMG T2 - Klimadaten von Österreich 1971-2000 DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 UR - http://www.zamg.ac.at/fix/klima/oe71-00/klima2000/klimadaten_oesterreich_1971_frame1.htm Y2 - 2013/05/02/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Künstliche Beschneiung im Alpenraum – ein Hintergrundbericht AU - Hahn, F. AB - Immer mehr Skipisten in den Alpen sind mit künstlichen Beschneiungsanlagen ausgerüstet. Umweltschutz- und Tourismuskreise beurteilen das Thema Kunstschnee oft kontrovers. Der Bericht enthält Fakten sowohl zur ökologischen wie auch zur ökonomischen Seite der Beschneiung. Nach einer Einführung zu den Wurzeln und der Entwicklung der künstlichen Beschneiung werden die Funktionsweise und der Ressourcenverbrauch von Schneekanonen beleuchtet, die heutige Situation in den Alpen beschrieben, die Kosten untersucht und die Auswirkungen der künstlichen Beschneiung auf die Umwelt diskutiert. Ein Kapitel zu Klimawandel und Perspektiven des Wintertou-rismus rundet den Hintergrundbericht ab. In den Alpen wird heute rund ein Viertel der gesamten Pistenfläche beschneit - Tendenz stark steigend. Zudem werden Beschneiungsanlagen in immer grösseren Höhen, z.T. sogar auf Gletschern, installiert. Dies führt dazu, dass die ökologischen Auswirkungen immer gravierender werden. Speziell die umfangreichen Bauarbeiten (unterirdische Rohrleitungssysteme, Speicherbecken etc.) beeinträchtigen die empfindlichen Gebirgsökosysteme massiv. Allein in Österreich wurden in den letzten zehn Jahren rund 800 Millionen Euro in Beschneiungsanlagen investiert. Pro Hektar beschneibare Piste muss mit Investitionskosten von 140.000 Euro gerechnet werden. Hinzu kommen die Betriebskosten, welche - wie auch der Ressourcenverbrauch - bei zunehmenden Temperaturen ansteigen. Seit 1970 sind die Temperaturen beispielsweise in der Schweiz im Schnitt um 1.5°C gestiegen, Berechnungsmodelle prognostizieren weitere 1.4°C bis 5.8°C bis Ende dieses Jahrhunderts. Die Schneesicherheit nimmt in den gesamten Alpen generell ab. Dies ist der Hintergrund, vor welchem das Pro und Contra bezüglich künstlicher Beschneiung diskutiert werden muss. CY - Schaan DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 SP - 18 PB - CIPRA Internationale Alpenschutzkommission UR - http://www.cipra.org/de/publikationen/2709 Y2 - 2014/02/11/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Heiße Luft – Reizwort Klimawandel; Fakten – Ängste – Geschäfte AU - Böhm, Reinhard CY - Wien-Klosterneuburg DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 PB - Edition VA bene SN - 978-3-85167-213-8 ST - Heiße Luft-nach Kopenhagen. Reizwort Klimawandel UR - http://www.zamg.ac.at/docs/wir_ueber_uns/cv/boehm_reinhard/heisse_luft_vabene_kap1.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Ecosystems and human well-being AU - Hassan, Rashid AU - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment AU - Condition and Trends Working Group CY - Washington, D.C. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 DP - Open WorldCat LA - English PB - Island press L2 - http://www.amazon.de/Ecosystems-Human-Well-Being-Millennium-Assessment/dp/1559632283 ER - TY - CHAP TI - New Results from the “Stillfried B” Profile AU - Peticzka, Robert AU - Riegler, Dieter AU - Ottner, Franz T2 - New aspects of the Central and Eastern European Upper Palaeolithic - methods, chronology, technology and subsistence A2 - Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine A2 - Owen, Linda R. T3 - Mitteilungen des Prähistorischen Kommission CY - Wien DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 SP - 199 EP - 207 PB - Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften SN - 978-3-7001-6762-4 SV - 72 UR - http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/6762-4 KW - Autriche KW - Europe du Nord KW - géoarchéologie KW - géochimie KW - pédologie KW - Pléistocène supérieur ER - TY - BOOK TI - Wasserbau: Hydrologische Grundlagen, Elemente Des Wasserbaus, Nutz- und Schutzbauten an Binnengewässern AU - Vischer, Daniel AU - Huber, Andreas AB - Die Technologie Wasserbau beschäftigt sich mit den Bauwerken zur Nutzung bzw. Abwehr von Wasser. Zum Nutzwasserbau gehören die Wasserversorgung, die Bewässerung, die Wasserkraftnutzung und die Erholung, zum Schutzwasserbau die Abwasserentsorgung, die Entwässerung, der Hochwasserschutz und der Erosionsschutz. Die Autoren konzentrieren sich auf den so genannten "konstruktiven Wasserbau", wie er im Binnenland vorkommt. Entsprechend findet der Leser Ausführungen über den Wasserhaushalt, Fassungen, Wehre, Speicher, Kanäle, Druckleitungen, hydraulische Maschinen, Nutzwasserbauten und Schutzwasserbauten. Das seit 1978 etablierte Buch vermittelt dem praktisch arbeitenden und projektierenden Wasserbau-Ingenieur das erforderliche theoretische Grundwissen. Es ist aber nicht nur ein Nachschlagewerk für den Praktiker, sondern als eine umfassende Einführung in die Grundlagen des Wasserbaus auch ein bewährtes Lehrmittel für Studierende des Bauwesens. DA - 1993/// PY - 1993 DP - Google Books SP - 376 LA - de PB - Springer-Lehrbuch SN - 978-3-540-56178-1 ST - Wasserbau UR - http://www.amazon.de/Wasserbau-Hydrologische-Schutzbauten-Binnengew%C3%A4ssern-Springer-Lehrbuch/dp/3540561781 KW - Technology & Engineering / Hydraulics ER - TY - GEN TI - Hydrologie–Hydrographische Fachausdrücke und Zeichen–Ergänzende Bestimmungen zur ÖNORM EN ISO 772, Österreichisches Normungsinstitut AU - ÖN B 2400 PB - Austrian Standards Institute UR - http://www.bdb.at/Service/NormenDetail?id=104272 Y2 - 2013/11/13/ ER - TY - GEN TI - Schutzbauwerke der Wildbachverbauung - Begriffe und ihre Definitionen sowie Klassifizierung AU - ONR 24800 DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 PB - Austrian Standards Institute UR - http://www.bdb.at/Service/NormenDetail?id=224110 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Periglacial Environment AU - French, Hugh M. DA - 2007/02/06/ PY - 2007 LA - en PB - John Wiley & Sons SN - 978-0-470-86588-0 UR - http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470865881.html KW - Science / Earth Sciences / Geology ER - TY - JOUR TI - A spatio-temporal modelling framework for assessing the fluctuations of avalanche occurrence resulting from climate change: application to 60 years of data in the northern French Alps AU - Eckert, Nicolas AU - Parent, E. AU - Kies, R. AU - Baya, H. T2 - Climatic Change AB - Based on a previous township-scale model, a spatio-temporal framework is proposed to study the fluctuations of avalanche occurrence possibly resulting from climate change. The regional annual component is isolated from the total variability using a two-factor nonlinear analysis of variance. Moreover, relying on a Conditional AutoRegressive sub-model for the spatial effects, the structured time trend is distinguished from the random noise with different time series sub-models including autocorrelative, periodic and change-point models. The hierarchical structure obtained takes into account the uncertainty related to the estimation of the annual component for the quantification of the time trend. Bayesian inference is performed using Monte Carlo simulations. This allows a comparison of the different time series models and the prediction of future activity in an explicit unsteady context. Application to the northern French Alps illustrates the information provided by the model’s different components, mainly the spatial and temporal terms as well as the spatio-temporal fluctuation of the relative risk. For instance, it shows no strong modifications in mean avalanche activity or in the number of winters of low or high activity over the last 60 years. This suggests that climate change has recently had little impact on the avalanching rhythm in this region. However, significant temporal patterns are highlighted: a complex combination of abrupt changes and pseudo-periodic cycles of approximately 15 years. For anticipating the future response of snow avalanches to climate change, correlating them with fluctuations of the constraining climatic factors is now necessary. DA - 2010b PY - 2010b DO - 10.1007/s10584-009-9718-8 DP - link.springer.com VL - 101 IS - 3-4 SP - 515 EP - 553 J2 - Climatic Change LA - en SN - 0165-0009, 1573-1480 ST - A spatio-temporal modelling framework for assessing the fluctuations of avalanche occurrence resulting from climate change UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-009-9718-8 Y2 - 2014/02/11/13:55:33 L1 - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10584-009-9718-8.pdf L2 - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-009-9718-8 KW - Meteorology/Climatology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing the Response of Snow Avalanche Runout Altitudes to Climate Fluctuations Using Hierarchical Modeling: Application to 61 Winters of Data in France AU - Eckert, N. AU - Baya, H. AU - Deschatres, M. T2 - Journal of Climate DA - 2010a PY - 2010a DO - 10.1175/2010JCLI3312.1 DP - CrossRef VL - 23 IS - 12 SP - 3157 EP - 3180 SN - 0894-8755, 1520-0442 ST - Assessing the Response of Snow Avalanche Runout Altitudes to Climate Fluctuations Using Hierarchical Modeling UR - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2010JCLI3312.1 Y2 - 2014/02/11/13:56:29 L2 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2010JCLI3312.1 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure A3 - Eavns, S.G. A3 - Scarascia Mugnozza, Gabriele A3 - Strom, A. A3 - Hermanns, Reginald L. AB - Amongst the thematic topics discussed are global frequency, impacts on society, analysis of initial rock slope failure, monitoring of rock slope movement, analysis and modeling of post-failure behaviour, volcanic landslides, and ... DP - www.springer.com UR - http://www.springer.com/earth+sciences+and+geography/environmental+science+%26+engineering/book/978-1-4020-4035-1 Y2 - 2014/05/30/14:58:52 KW - Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences KW - Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure KW - Physical Geography ER - TY - BOOK TI - Landslides Types, Mechanisms and Modeling AU - Clague, J. AU - Stead, D. DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 SP - 429 LA - English PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 978-1-107-00206-7 UR - http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/earth-and-environmental-science/geomorphology-and-physical-geography/landslides-types-mechanisms-and-modeling ER - TY - THES TI - Assessment of the influence of changes in land use and climate on landslide activity in a Mediterranean environment AU - Van Beek, L.P.H. AB - In Mediterranean environments, changes in land use and climate affect the incidence of rainfall-induced landslides by modifying the antecedent moisture conditions and the net rainfall amount delivered during erratic storm events. This study aims to assess the influence of the likely changes in land use and climate on landslide activity on medium temporal scales (10-100 years). Because of the hypothetical nature of anticipated environmental change, a physically based model has been used to assess this influence. The model is distributed to take land use patterns and flow paths into account and couples a hydrological model to a slope stability assessment. It has been validated under present conditions and applied to static scenarios of anticipated environmental change. Landslide activity has been simulated for 30-year periods from which changes in landslide activity have been derived. A small catchment near Alcoy (Spain) has been used as a case study. Validation of the hydrological model over the historical period has proven to be reasonably successful. Under wet conditions, favourable to landsliding, the simulated hydrology approximates the observed moisture contents adequately. Simulated groundwater levels are less accurate as they accumulate errors over space and time. The performance of the stability model has been evaluated against landslide occurrence as observed from aerial photographs. Although simulated failure does not replicate observed landslide occurrence it reflects the difference in landslide activity between land use types and can consequently be applied to assess relative differences in landslide activity as the result of environmental change. Mediterranean land use change is mainly driven by the abandonment of marginal fields and by incentives provided by EU agricultural policy. The current trend of land use change has been projected to the likely date of CO2-doubling. This results in three scenarios: present land use, continued abandonment and a limited reorganisation of agriculture. Climate conditions are specified by two scenarios: a warmer, future climate at the date of CO2-doubling, based on downscaled GCM results, and the present one. For these scenarios a stochastic weather generator provides unbiased, synthetic timeseries of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. For the hypothetical scenarios, landslide activity decreases relative to the present conditions: after abandonment, the higher evapotranspiration by the more extensive semi-natural vegetation attenuates the hydrological response to rainfall. Under the present climate mainly the temporal activity of landsliding is affected by land use change. The maximum groundwater levels are hardly attenuated and, consequently, the decrease in the area experiencing failure is slight (circa 5%). For the future climate, the compounded effect of land use and climate change leads to larger decreases in the temporal activity and spatial occurrence of landsliding (between 5 and 25%). This should be attributed to the lower antecedent moisture conditions under the warmer climate. The decrease is the largest on slopes that are less susceptible to failure. Thus, the impact of environmental change on the activity of rainfall-induced landslides is large. In this case, the impact is apparently advantageous although the inherited landscape may be prone to large adaptations after disturbance CY - Utrecht DA - 2002/05/06/ PY - 2002 DP - igitur-archive.library.uu.nl M3 - Dissertation PB - Universiteit Utrecht UR - http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2003-0205-095231/UUindex.html Y2 - 2013/09/04/17:08:11 KW - climate KW - Land use KW - environmental change KW - Mediterranean Spain KW - Alcoy KW - hillslope hydrology KW - rainfall-induced landslides KW - regional slope stability assessment ER - TY - BOOK TI - Wasserkatastrophen im Martelltal. Der 24./25. August 1987 AU - Pfitscher, Albin A3 - Gemeinde Martell DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 SP - 126 PB - Herausgegeben von der Gemeinde Martell UR - http://www.gemeinde.martell.bz.it/system/web/zusatzseite.aspx?menuonr=223896524&detailonr=223778187 ER - TY - GEN TI - Die Waldbrandsituation in Österreich 2002-2011 AU - Vacik, H. DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 UR - http://www.wabo.boku.ac.at/fileadmin/_/H91/H913/Forschung/Auswertung_Waldbraende_Oest_02bis11.pdf Y2 - 2013/01/17/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Die Alpen. Geoökologie und Landschaftsentwicklung AU - Veit, Heinz AB - Alps, landscape, development, geology, water, climate, soil, vegetation, geomorphology, global change, biodiversity. CY - Stuttgart (Hohenheim) DA - 2002/// PY - 2002 DP - Open WorldCat LA - German PB - Verlag Eugen Ulmer SN - 3-8252-2327-2 978-3-8252-2327-4 3-8001-2788-1 978-3-8001-2788-7 ST - Die Alpen UR - http://www.ulmer.de/Die-Alpen-Geooekologie-und-Landschaftsentwicklung,QUlEPTY2NzkmTUlEPTMyMTA.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - Klimaänderung in Österreich – hydrologisch relevante Klimaelemente AU - Schöner, W. AU - Böhm, R. AU - Haslinger, K. T2 - Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft AB - Climate change in Austria is described with a focus on hydrological relevant climate variables for both the past and the future. For characterisation of the past climate homogenised monthly series as well as quality-checked daily values are used. The future climate (2021–2050) is derived from a scenario run of the regional climate model CLM (forced by the Global Climate Model ECHAM5) based on the A1B scenario. According to the CLM model the mean air temperature 2021–2050 in Austria will increase by about 1 °C compared to 1976–2007 (the reference period), with more pronounced increase in summer compared to winter. Winter precipitation will increase north of the Alpine main divide, summer precipitation will generally decrease. A clear change in summer precipitation is not expected before 2050. All data presented are classified according to their quality based on a simple evaluation schema (hard – medium hard – soft – no fact). DA - 2011b PY - 2011b DO - 10.1007/s00506-010-0271-5 DP - link.springer.com VL - 63 IS - 1-2 SP - 11 EP - 20 LA - de SN - 0945-358X, 1613-7566 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00506-010-0271-5 Y2 - 2013/09/04/ KW - Chemistry/Food Science, general KW - Engineering, general KW - Waste Management/Waste Technology KW - Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution ER - TY - RPRT TI - Anpassungsstrategien an den Klimawandel für Österreichs Wasserwirtschaft AU - BMLFUW (Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft CY - Wien DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 LA - de M3 - Endbericht PB - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft UR - http://www.bmlfuw.gv.at/publikationen/wasser/wasserwirtschaft_wasserpolitik/anpassungsstrategien_an_den_klimawandel_fuer_oesterreichs_wasserwirtschaft.html Y2 - 2013/09/05/09:12:08 KW - Chemistry/Food Science, general KW - Engineering, general KW - Waste Management/Waste Technology KW - Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution ER -