TY - RPRT
TI - Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, E. Calvo Buendia, V. Masson-Delmotte, H.- O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, P. Zhai, R. Slade, S. Connors, R. van Diemen, M. Ferrat, E. Haughey, S. Luz, S. Neogi, M. Pathak, J. Petzold, J. Portugal Pereira, P. Vyas, E. Huntley, K. Kissick, M. Belkacemi, J. Malley, (eds.)]. In press.
AU - IPCC
T2 - Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report in climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security and greenhouse gas fluces in terrestrial ecosystems
DA - 2019///
PY - 2019
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - BEAT – Bodenbedarf für die Ernährungssicherung in Österreich. Erweiterte Zusammenfassung
AU - Haslmayr, Hans-Peter
AU - Baumgarten, Andreas
AU - Schwarz, Michael
AU - Huber, Sigbert
AU - Prokop, Gundula
AU - Sedy, Katrin
AU - Krammer, Carmen
AU - Murer, Erwin
AU - Pock, Hannes
AU - Rodlauer, Christian
AU - Nadeem, Imran
AU - Formayer, Herbert
DA - 2018///
PY - 2018
DP - Zotero
SP - 14
LA - de
UR - https://dafne.at/content/report_release/aa85879d-af0f-4273-a1e2-b7f1d7178d41_1.pdf
ER -
TY - BOOK
TI - IPCC Climate Change and Land. A special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems
AU - IPCC
A3 - Shukla, P. R.
A3 - Skea, J.
A3 - Buendia, E. Calvo
A3 - Masson-Delmotte, V.
A3 - Pörtner, H.-O.
A3 - Roberts, D. C.
A3 - P. Zhai, R. Slade
A3 - Connors, S.
A3 - Diemen, R. van
A3 - Ferrat, M.
A3 - Haughey, E.
A3 - Luz, S.
A3 - Neogi, S.
A3 - Pathak, M.
A3 - Petzold, J.
A3 - Pereira, J. Portugal
A3 - Vyas, P.
A3 - Huntley, E.
A3 - Kissick, K.
A3 - Belkacemi, M.
A3 - Malley, J.
DA - 2019///
PY - 2019
PB - In Press
UR - https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/SRCCL-Full-Report-Compiled-191128.pdf
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - IPCC, 2018: Summary for Policymakers. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty
AU - Masson-Delmotte, Valérie
CY - Geneva, Switzerland,
DA - 2018///
PY - 2018
SP - 32
EP - pp.
PB - World Meteorological Organization
UR - https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/
Y2 - 2021/11/11/13:52:15
L2 - https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Risk of natural disturbances makes future contribution of Canada's forests to the global carbon cycle highly uncertain
AU - Kurz, Werner A.
AU - Stinson, Graham
AU - Rampley, Gregory J.
AU - Dymond, Caren C.
AU - Neilson, Eric T.
T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB - A large carbon sink in northern land surfaces inferred from global carbon cycle inversion models led to concerns during Kyoto Protocol negotiations that countries might be able to avoid efforts to reduce fossil fuel emissions by claiming large sinks in their managed forests. The greenhouse gas balance of Canada's managed forest is strongly affected by naturally occurring fire with high interannual variability in the area burned and by cyclical insect outbreaks. Taking these stochastic future disturbances into account, we used the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) to project that the managed forests of Canada could be a source of between 30 and 245 Mt CO2e yr−1 during the first Kyoto Protocol commitment period (2008–2012). The recent transition from sink to source is the result of large insect outbreaks. The wide range in the predicted greenhouse gas balance (215 Mt CO2e yr−1) is equivalent to nearly 30% of Canada's emissions in 2005. The increasing impact of natural disturbances, the two major insect outbreaks, and the Kyoto Protocol accounting rules all contributed to Canada's decision not to elect forest management. In Canada, future efforts to influence the carbon balance through forest management could be overwhelmed by natural disturbances. Similar circumstances may arise elsewhere if global change increases natural disturbance rates. Future climate mitigation agreements that do not account for and protect against the impacts of natural disturbances, for example, by accounting for forest management benefits relative to baselines, will fail to encourage changes in forest management aimed at mitigating climate change.
DA - 2008/02/05/
PY - 2008
DO - 10.1073/pnas.0708133105
VL - 105
IS - 5
SP - 1551
J2 - Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
UR - http://www.pnas.org/content/105/5/1551.abstract
ER -
TY - BLOG
TI - Chapter 4 : Land Degradation — IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land
AU - Olsson, Lennart
AU - Barbosa, Humberto
AU - Bhadwal, Suruchi
AU - Cowie, Annette
DA - 2019///
PY - 2019
ST - Chapter 4
UR - https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/chapter/chapter-4/
Y2 - 2021/07/02/17:21:05
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Considering sustainability thresholds for BECCS in IPCC and biodiversity assessments
AU - Creutzig, Felix
AU - Erb, Karl-Heinz
AU - Haberl, Helmut
AU - Hof, Christian
AU - Hunsberger, Carol
AU - Roe, Stephanie
T2 - GCB Bioenergy
AB - The majority of scenarios that meet the goals of the Paris agreements exceed sustainability and precautionary thresholds in land, biodiversity and BECCS potentials. Risks may be best avoided by demand-side driven rapid decarbonization and less land-intensive carbon dioxide removal technologies.
DA - 2021///
PY - 2021
DO - 10.1111/gcbb.12798
DP - Wiley Online Library
VL - 13
IS - 4
SP - 510
EP - 515
LA - en
SN - 1757-1707
UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcbb.12798
Y2 - 2021/11/02/14:03:24
L2 - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcbb.12798?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=pmd_b3Iy8kgss0sJmRJv4YrWImsmYQbkH3jlcfGBwzWih8E-1635861602-0-gqNtZGzNAjujcnBszQsl
L4 - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/gcbb.12798
KW - biodiversity
KW - IPCC
KW - climate change mitigation
KW - BECCS
KW - livelihood
KW - sustainable
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Serious mismatches continue between science and policy in forest bioenergy
AU - Norton, Michael
AU - Baldi, Andras
AU - Buda, Vicas
AU - Carli, Bruno
AU - Cudlin, Pavel
AU - Jones, Mike B.
AU - Korhola, Atte
AU - Michalski, Rajmund
AU - Novo, Francisco
AU - Oszlányi, Július
AU - Santos, Filpe Duarte
AU - Schink, Bernhard
AU - Shepherd, John
AU - Vet, Louise
AU - Walloe, Lars
AU - Wijkman, Anders
T2 - GCB Bioenergy
AB - In recent years, the production of pellets derived from forestry biomass to replace coal for electricity generation has been increasing, with over 10 million tonnes traded internationally—primarily between United States and Europe but with an increasing trend to Asia. Critical to this trade is the classification of woody biomass as ‘renewable energy’ and thus eligible for public subsidies. However, much scientific study on the net effect of this trend suggests that it is having the opposite effect to that expected of renewable energy, by increasing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide for substantial periods of time. This review, based on recent work by Europe's Academies of Science, finds that current policies are failing to recognize that removing forest carbon stocks for bioenergy leads to an initial increase in emissions. Moreover, the periods during which atmospheric CO2 levels are raised before forest regrowth can reabsorb the excess emissions are incompatible with the urgency of reducing emissions to comply with the objectives enshrined in the Paris Agreement. We consider how current policy might be reformed to reduce negative impacts on climate and argue for a more realistic science-based assessment of the potential of forest bioenergy in substituting for fossil fuels. The length of time atmospheric concentrations of CO2 increase is highly dependent on the feedstocks and we argue for regulations to explicitly require these to be sources with short payback periods. Furthermore, we describe the current United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change accounting rules which allow imported biomass to be treated as zero emissions at the point of combustion and urge their revision to remove the risk of these providing incentives to import biomass with negative climate impacts. Reforms such as these would allow the industry to evolve to methods and scales which are more compatible with the basic purpose for which it was designed.
DA - 2019///
PY - 2019
DO - 10.1111/gcbb.12643
DP - Wiley Online Library
VL - 11
IS - 11
SP - 1256
EP - 1263
LA - en
SN - 1757-1707
UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcbb.12643
Y2 - 2020/03/02/14:59:49
KW - policy
KW - carbon payback period
KW - carbon accounting
KW - converting from coal to biomass
KW - forest bioenergy
KW - perverse incentives
KW - renewable energy
KW - zero emissions
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Contribution of the land sector to a 1.5 °C world
AU - Roe, Stephanie
AU - Streck, Charlotte
AU - Obersteiner, Michael
AU - Frank, Stefan
AU - Griscom, Bronson
AU - Drouet, Laurent
AU - Fricko, Oliver
AU - Gusti, Mykola
AU - Harris, Nancy
AU - Hasegawa, Tomoko
AU - Hausfather, Zeke
AU - Havlík, Petr
AU - House, Jo
AU - Nabuurs, Gert-Jan
AU - Popp, Alexander
AU - Sánchez, María José Sanz
AU - Sanderman, Jonathan
AU - Smith, Pete
AU - Stehfest, Elke
AU - Lawrence, Deborah
T2 - Nature Climate Change
AB - The Paris Agreement introduced an ambitious goal of limiting warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. Here we combine a review of modelled pathways and literature on mitigation strategies, and develop a land-sector roadmap of priority measures and regions that can help to achieve the 1.5 °C temperature goal. Transforming the land sector and deploying measures in agriculture, forestry, wetlands and bioenergy could feasibly and sustainably contribute about 30%, or 15 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO2e) per year, of the global mitigation needed in 2050 to deliver on the 1.5 °C target, but it will require substantially more effort than the 2 °C target. Risks and barriers must be addressed and incentives will be necessary to scale up mitigation while maximizing sustainable development, food security and environmental co-benefits.
DA - 2019///
PY - 2019
DO - 10.1038/s41558-019-0591-9
VL - 9
IS - 11
SP - 817
EP - 828
SN - 1758-6798
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0591-9
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Social tipping dynamics for stabilizing Earth’s climate by 2050
AU - Otto, Ilona M.
AU - Donges, Jonathan F.
AU - Cremades, Roger
AU - Bhowmik, Avit
AU - Hewitt, Richard J.
AU - Lucht, Wolfgang
AU - Rockström, Johan
AU - Allerberger, Franziska
AU - McCaffrey, Mark
AU - Doe, Sylvanus S. P.
AU - Lenferna, Alex
AU - Morán, Nerea
AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P.
AU - Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim
T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB - Safely achieving the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement requires a worldwide transformation to carbon-neutral societies within the next 30 y. Accelerated technological progress and policy implementations are required to deliver emissions reductions at rates sufficiently fast to avoid crossing dangerous tipping points in the Earth?s climate system. Here, we discuss and evaluate the potential of social tipping interventions (STIs) that can activate contagious processes of rapidly spreading technologies, behaviors, social norms, and structural reorganization within their functional domains that we refer to as social tipping elements (STEs). STEs are subdomains of the planetary socioeconomic system where the required disruptive change may take place and lead to a sufficiently fast reduction in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The results are based on online expert elicitation, a subsequent expert workshop, and a literature review. The STIs that could trigger the tipping of STE subsystems include 1) removing fossil-fuel subsidies and incentivizing decentralized energy generation (STE1, energy production and storage systems), 2) building carbon-neutral cities (STE2, human settlements), 3) divesting from assets linked to fossil fuels (STE3, financial markets), 4) revealing the moral implications of fossil fuels (STE4, norms and value systems), 5) strengthening climate education and engagement (STE5, education system), and 6) disclosing information on greenhouse gas emissions (STE6, information feedbacks). Our research reveals important areas of focus for larger-scale empirical and modeling efforts to better understand the potentials of harnessing social tipping dynamics for climate change mitigation.
DA - 2020/02/04/
PY - 2020
DO - 10.1073/pnas.1900577117
VL - 117
IS - 5
SP - 2354
EP - 2365
J2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900577117
Y2 - 2023/04/14/
N1 - doi: 10.1073/pnas.1900577117
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Adapting agriculture to climate change
AU - Howden, S. Mark
AU - Soussana, Jean-François
AU - Tubiello, Francesco N.
AU - Chhetri, Netra
AU - Dunlop, Michael
AU - Meinke, Holger
T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB - The strong trends in climate change already evident, the likelihood of further changes occurring, and the increasing scale of potential climate impacts give urgency to addressing agricultural adaptation more coherently. There are many potential adaptation options available for marginal change of existing agricultural systems, often variations of existing climate risk management. We show that implementation of these options is likely to have substantial benefits under moderate climate change for some cropping systems. However, there are limits to their effectiveness under more severe climate changes. Hence, more systemic changes in resource allocation need to be considered, such as targeted diversification of production systems and livelihoods. We argue that achieving increased adaptation action will necessitate integration of climate change-related issues with other risk factors, such as climate variability and market risk, and with other policy domains, such as sustainable development. Dealing with the many barriers to effective adaptation will require a comprehensive and dynamic policy approach covering a range of scales and issues, for example, from the understanding by farmers of change in risk profiles to the establishment of efficient markets that facilitate response strategies. Science, too, has to adapt. Multidisciplinary problems require multidisciplinary solutions, i.e., a focus on integrated rather than disciplinary science and a strengthening of the interface with decision makers. A crucial component of this approach is the implementation of adaptation assessment frameworks that are relevant, robust, and easily operated by all stakeholders, practitioners, policymakers, and scientists.
DA - 2007/12/11/
PY - 2007
DO - 10.1073/pnas.0701890104
VL - 104
IS - 50
SP - 19691
EP - 19696
J2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701890104
Y2 - 2024/04/23/
N1 - doi: 10.1073/pnas.0701890104
ER -