number: 3
publisher: Routledge
number: 7831
ER - TY - CHAP TI - Lock-In Effects AU - Sherry, Edward F. T2 - The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management A2 - Augier, Mie A2 - Teece, David J. CY - London DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 SP - 1 EP - 2 PB - Palgrave Macmillan UK SN - 978-1-349-94848-2 UR - https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_425-1 N1 -DOI: 10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_425-1
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding carbon lock-in AU - Unruh, Gregory C. T2 - Energy Policy DA - 2000/10// PY - 2000 DO - 10.1016/S0301-4215(00)00070-7 VL - 28 IS - 12 SP - 817 EP - 830 N1 -number: 12
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon Lock-In: Types, Causes, and Policy Implications AU - Seto, Karen C. AU - Davis, Steven J. AU - Mitchell, Ronald B. AU - Stokes, Eleanor C. AU - Unruh, Gregory AU - Ürge-Vorsatz, Diana T2 - Annual Review of Environment and Resources DA - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085934 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 425 EP - 452 N1 -number: 1
ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Economics of Biodiversity: the Dasgupta Review AU - Dasgupta, P. CY - London DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 UR - www.gov.uk/official-documents. ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Economics of Climate Change, the STERN REVIEW AU - Stern, N. CY - UK DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 UR - https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20100407172811/https:/www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/stern_review_report.htm ER - TY - BOOK TI - Status and Trends of Aquatic Environment and Agricultural Practice. Danish action programme and monitoring in accordance with article 10 of the Nitrates Directive AU - Bogestrand, J. AU - Bjerring, R. AU - Petersen, D.L.J. AU - Manscher, O. AU - Fossing, H. AU - Thorling, L. AU - Hossy, H. AU - Grant, R. AU - Thomsen, M. AU - Jacobsen, B.H. CY - København DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 LA - en PB - Danish Environmental Protection Agency ER - TY - BOOK TI - Instrument Mixes for Environmental Policy AU - OECD CY - Paris DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 LA - en PB - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ER - TY - JOUR TI - Targeting climate change adaptation strategies to small-scale private forest owners AU - Mostegl, Nina M. AU - Pröbstl-Haider, Ulrike AU - Jandl, Robert AU - Haider, Wolfgang T2 - Forest Policy and Economics DA - 2019/02// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2017.10.001 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 99 SP - 83 EP - 99 J2 - Forest Policy and Economics LA - en SN - 13899341 ER - TY - RPRT TI - CCCS – Climate Change Conflict Solutions. Konfliktmini-mierung im Umgang mit Klimawandelanpassung und Klimaschutz. Endbericht von Start-Clim2018.B in StartClim2018: AU - Jiricka-Pürrer, A. AU - Wachter, T. T2 - Weitere Beiträge zur Umsetzung der österreichischen Anpas-sungsstrategie CY - Wien DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 SP - 53 M3 - Endbericht PB - BMLFUW, BMWF, ÖBf, Land Oberösterreich ST - CCCS UR - https://www.startclim.at/fileadmin/user_upload/StartClim2018/StCl18B_lang.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Anpassung an den Klimawandel Herausforderungen und Chancen AU - Hohenwallner, D. AU - Bürgel, J. AU - Hama, M. AU - Huber, T. AU - Kratzer, A. AU - Leitner, M. AU - Link, S. AU - Nagl, C. AU - Schneider, J. AU - Schröer, K. AU - Schwab, K. AU - Steurer, S. CY - Innsbruck DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 SP - 191 PB - Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung ER - TY - RPRT TI - Strategie zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel in Vorarlberg – Ziele, Herausforderungen, Handlungsfelder AU - Land Vorarlberg DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 SP - 78 PB - Abteilung Allgemeine Wirtschaftsangelegenheiten, Fachbereich Energie und Klimaschutz (Koordination/ Hrsg.) UR - https://vorarlberg.at/documents/21336/122370/AdVL+2016_Strategie+zur+Anpassung+an+den+Klimawandel_web.pdf/22c41afa-40ad-4074-a8e9-3beb9bba2d4f ER - TY - RPRT TI - Klimawandelanpassung Strategie Steiermark 2050 AU - Land Steiermark CY - Graz DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 SP - 140 PB - Amt der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung Fachabteilung Energie und Wohnbau (FAEW) UR - https://www.umwelt.steiermark.at/cms/dokumente/11919303_125052026/76863340/2017-10-20%20KWA-Strategie%20Steiermark%202050%20(Web).pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - WP 5. Model Region Upper Austria, In-depth evaluation of spatial planning instruments and procedures in Model Regions. Evaluierung von Instrumenten und Prozessen AU - Birngruber, H. AU - Hiess, H. AU - Jiricka, A. AU - Pröbstl, U. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 SP - 51 PB - European Territorial Cooperation "Alpine Space" Programme 2007 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Europe adapts to climate change: Comparing National Adaptation Strategies AU - Biesbroek, G. Robbert AU - Swart, Rob J. AU - Carter, Timothy R. AU - Cowan, Caroline AU - Henrichs, Thomas AU - Mela, Hanna AU - Morecroft, Michael D. AU - Rey, Daniela T2 - Governance, Complexity and Resilience AB - For the last two decades, European climate policy has focused almost exclusively on mitigation of climate change. It was only well after the turn of the century, with impacts of climate change increasingly being observed, that adaptation was added to the policy agenda and EU Member States started to develop National Adaptation Strategies (NASs). This paper reviews seven National Adaptation Strategies that were either formally adopted or under development by Member States at the end of 2008. The strategies are analysed under the following six themes. Firstly, the factors motivating and facilitating the development of a national adaptation strategy. Secondly, the scientific and technical support needed for the development and implementation of such a strategy. Thirdly, the role of the strategy in information, communication and awareness-raising of the adaptation issue. Fourthly, new or existing forms of multi-level governance to implement the proposed actions. Fifthly, how the strategy addresses integration and coordination with other policy domains. Finally, how the strategy suggests the implementation and how the strategy is evaluated. The paper notes that the role of National Adaptation Strategies in the wider governance of adaptation differs between countries but clearly benchmarks a new political commitment to adaptation at national policy levels. However, we also find that in most cases approaches for implementing and evaluating the strategies are yet to be defined. The paper concludes that even though the strategies show great resemblance in terms of topics, methods and approaches, there are many institutional challenges, including multi-level governance and policy integration issues, which can act as considerable barriers in future policy implementation. DA - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.03.005 VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 440 EP - 450 J2 - Global Environmental Change SN - 0959-3780 N1 -number: 3
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptation to climate change at local level in Europe: An overview AU - Aguiar, Francisca C. AU - Bentz, Julia AU - Silva, João M.N. AU - Fonseca, Ana L. AU - Swart, Rob AU - Santos, Filipe Duarte AU - Penha-Lopes, Gil T2 - Environmental Science & Policy AB - Europe’s climate change vulnerability pushes for initiatives such as the European Adaptation Strategy and the associated Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy. What are the triggers and barriers, for which sectors and for which risks and how is adaptation funded? This paper examines 147 Local Adaptation Strategies in Europe. Key triggers were incentives via research projects, implementation of EU policies and the increasing frequency of extreme climate events. Insufficient resources, capacity, political commitment and uncertainty were the main barriers. Prioritized sectors reflected the main local vulnerabilities - flood protection and water management, built environment and urban planning. Differing patterns of adaptation planning and adaptive capacity were identified among different regions in Europe. Large municipalities generally fund adaptation locally, whereas international and national funding appears to be more important for adaptation in less urban or densely populated territories. The database of LAS described in the present study can be expanded and used to increase the understanding of and promotion of local adaptation action in Europe and beyond. DA - 2018/08/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2018.04.010 VL - 86 SP - 38 EP - 63 J2 - Environmental Science & Policy SN - 1462-9011 ER - TY - JOUR TI - National climate policies across Europe and their impacts on cities strategies AU - Heidrich, O. AU - Reckien, D. AU - Olazabal, M. AU - Foley, A. AU - Salvia, M. AU - de Gregorio Hurtado, S. AU - Orru, H. AU - Flacke, J. AU - Geneletti, D. AU - Pietrapertosa, F. AU - Hamann, J.J.-P. AU - Tiwary, A. AU - Feliu, E. AU - Dawson, R.J. T2 - Journal of Environmental Management AB - Globally, efforts are underway to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to climate change impacts at the local level. However, there is a poor understanding of the relationship between city strategies on climate change mitigation and adaptation and the relevant policies at national and European level. This paper describes a comparative study and evaluation of cross-national policy. It reports the findings of studying the climate change strategies or plans from 200 European cities from Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. The study highlights the shared responsibility of global, European, national, regional and city policies. An interpretation and illustration of the influences from international and national networks and policy makers in stimulating the development of local strategies and actions is proposed. It was found that there is no archetypical way of planning for climate change, and multiple interests and motivations are inevitable. Our research warrants the need for a multi-scale approach to climate policy in the future, mainly ensuring sufficient capacity and resource to enable local authorities to plan and respond to their specific climate change agenda for maximising the management potentials for translating environmental challenges into opportunities. DA - 2016/03/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.043 VL - 168 SP - 36 EP - 45 J2 - Journal of Environmental Management SN - 0301-4797 ER - TY - CASE TI - W109 2000179-1/350E AU - BVwG DA - 2018/03/23/ PY - 2018 UR - https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/JudikaturEntscheidung.wxe?Abfrage=Bvwg&Dokumentnummer=BVWGT_20180323_W109_2000179_1_00 ER - TY - CASE TI - VfSlg 20.185/2017 AU - VfGH AB - E875/2017 ua DA - 2017/06/29/ PY - 2017 UR - https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?Abfrage=Vfgh&Dokumentnummer=JFT_20170629_17E00875_00 ER - TY - CASE TI - Ro 2018/03/0031 AU - VwGH DA - 2019/03/06/ PY - 2019 UR - https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/VwghRechtssatzkette.wxe?Abfrage=Vwgh&Dokumentnummer=JWR_2018030031_20190306J02 ER - TY - RPRT TI - SDG-Aktionsplan 2019+ AU - BMNT CY - Wien DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 M3 - Aktionsplan PB - Bundesministerium für Nachhaltigkeit und Tourismus UR - https://www.bmk.gv.at/themen/klima_umwelt/nachhaltigkeit/strategien/sdg_aktionsplan.html ER - TY - RPRT TI - RAHMENÜBEREINKOMMEN DER VEREINTEN NATIONEN ÜBER KLIMAÄNDERUNGEN AU - UNFCCC CY - New York DA - 1992/05/09/ PY - 1992 SP - 25 UR - https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/convger.pdf ER - TY - ELEC TI - Das Übereinkommen von Paris AU - österreich.gv.at DA - 2020/05/13/ PY - 2020 UR - https://www.oesterreich.gv.at/themen/bauen_wohnen_und_umwelt/klimaschutz/1/Seite.1000325.html ER - TY - NEWS TI - Klimaschutz: Österreich hat seine Ziele verfehlt AU - Chiari, Sybille T2 - Die Presse CY - Wien DA - 2017/12/10/ PY - 2017 UR - https://www.diepresse.com/5336133/klimaschutz-osterreich-hat-seine-ziele-verfehlt ER - TY - RPRT TI - The European Green Deal AU - EC CY - Brussels DA - 2019/12/11/ PY - 2019 M3 - Communication PB - European Commission SN - COM(2019) 640 final UR - https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/european-green-deal-communication_en.pdf Y2 - 2019/08/27/ N1 -issue: COM(2019) 640 final
ER - TY - GEN TI - Anhang der Mitteilung über den europäischen Grünen Deal, Fahrplan – wichtigste Maßnahmen AU - EC DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - European Commission ST - COM(2019) 640 final UR - https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/?qid=1596443911913&uri=CELEX%3A52019DC0640#document2 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A sustainable bioeconomy for Europe: strengthening the connection between economy, society and the environment - Updated Bioeconomy Strategy AU - EC CY - Brussels DA - 2018/10/11/ PY - 2018 M3 - Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions PB - European Union SN - COM(2018) 673 final N1 -issue: COM(2018) 673 final
ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bioeconomy: the European way to use natural resources, Action plan AU - EC CN - ISBN 978-92-79-97443-4 CY - Luxenbourg DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SP - 26 PB - European Union ER - TY - JOUR TI - COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Stepping up Europe’s 2030 climate ambition Investing in a climate-neutral future for the benefit of our people AU - EC DA - 2020/09/17/ PY - 2020 UR - https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0562 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Withdrawal of European Soil Framework Directive: Reasons and Recommendations AU - Chen, Yijia T2 - Journal of Sustainable Developement DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 DO - 10.5539/jsd.v13n1p1 VL - 13 IS - 1 UR - https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/0/41536 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EU-Biodiversitätsstrategie für 2030 - Mehr Raum für die Natur in unserem Leben AU - EC DA - 2020/05/20/ PY - 2020 UR - https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0380&from=EN ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Political Economy of the Agricultural Policy ofIndustrial Countries AU - Winters, L. Alan T2 - European Review of Agricultural Economics DA - 1987/// PY - 1987 VL - 14 SP - 285 EP - 304 LA - en ER - TY - RPRT TI - National policies and agricultural trade. Country Study Austria AU - OECD CY - Paris DA - 1987/// PY - 1987 LA - en PB - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ER - TY - RPRT TI - Agricultural Policies, Markets and Trade. Monitoring and Outlook AU - OECD CY - Paris DA - 1993/// PY - 1993 LA - en PB - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ER - TY - BILL TI - Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing rules on support for strategic plans to be drawn up by Member States under the Common agricultural policy (CAP Strategic Plans) and financed by the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) and by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1305/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EU) No 1307/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council T2 - EU 2018/0216 (COD) A2 - EU COM 392 DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - en M1 - COM/2018/392 final - 2018/0216 (COD) N1 -issue: COM/2018/392 final - 2018/0216 (COD)
Sponsors: _:n40285
17 Seiten
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multi-annual Implementation Plan of the new EU Forest Strategy - COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT AU - EC DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 UR - https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/10102/2015/EN/10102-2015-164-EN-F1-1.PDF ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coordinating the Uncoordinated: The EU Forest Strategy AU - Aggestam, F. AU - Pülzl, H. T2 - Forests DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.3390/f9030125 VL - 9 SP - 125 ER - TY - JOUR TI - New EU Forest Strategy for 2030 AU - EC DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 UR - https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0572 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Piecemeal Integration: Explaining and Understanding 60 Years of European Union Forest Policy-Making AU - Pülzl, Helga AU - Wydra, Doris AU - Hogl, Karl T2 - Forests AB - This article looks at forest policy as empirical case study of European integration. By applying different theoretical lenses of European integration approaches (neo-functionalism, liberal intergovernmentalism, three institutionalist approaches and constructivism), it seeks to explain and understand the integration of forest policy in the European Union during the policy’s emergence (1958 to 1960s), expansion (1970 to late 1990s) and stabilization period (late 1990s to now). The findings clearly show that, to a certain extent, all European integration theories have their merits for the analysis. However, none of the employed integration theories alone can explain all the relevant aspects of the broader developments in EU forest policy. No individual theory can help explain why forest policy developed only incrementally and why it has been weakly institutionalized. This article, therefore, argues to combine them so as to establish a clearer picture of the driving factors and constraints. As each of the grand theories has its weak spots, it is further argued that scholars of European studies should work across a broader theoretical spectrum as only this would allow light to be shed on blind spots in empirical investigation over longer time periods. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.3390/f9110719 VL - 9 IS - 11 SN - 1999-4907 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/9/11/719 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mapping Europe’s institutional landscape for forest ecosystem service provision, innovations and governance AU - Primmer, Eeva AU - Varumo, Liisa AU - Krause, Torsten AU - Orsi, Francesco AU - Geneletti, Davide AU - Brogaard, Sara AU - Aukes, Ewert AU - Ciolli, Marco AU - Grossmann, Carol AU - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica AU - Kister, Jutta AU - Kluvánková, Tatiana AU - Loft, Lasse AU - Maier, Carolin AU - Meyer, Claas AU - Schleyer, Christian AU - Spacek, Martin AU - Mann, Carsten T2 - Ecosystem Services AB - There has been a strong quest for mapping and assessing ecosystem services (ES) to support governance. Yet, the institutional landscape that governs ES provision across multiple contexts has received less attention. We fill this research gap by developing and operationalising a framework for the analysis of policy documents that address European forest ES provision. By coding and analysing references to forest ES as well as innovations and governance mechanisms addressing these ES in national strategies on forest, biodiversity and bioeconomy, we map the institutional landscape of forest ES provision in Europe. We further analyse how biophysical supply of forest ES is connected to policies paying attention to ES and identifying innovations and governance for their provision. Innovations identified in policies centre around value chains of wood and bioenergy or biodiversity conservation, while non-wood forest products, cultural heritage, and recreation receive little attention. Biophysical supply of provisioning ES is connected to policies emphasising many innovations, while little supply of regulating ES could trigger service innovations and several new governance mechanisms. As forest ecosystems have received much attention in global, European and national sustainability policies, our institutional mapping illustrates that there is room for more use of innovations in promoting ES provision. DA - 2021/02/01/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101225 VL - 47 SP - 101225 J2 - Ecosystem Services SN - 2212-0416 ER - TY - CASE TI - EU 2000/60 Wasserrichtlinie AU - EU 2000/60 DA - 2000/10/23/ PY - 2000 SP - 72 UR - https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:5c835afb-2ec6-4577-bdf8-756d3d694eeb.0003.02/DOC_1&format=PDF ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of the European Water Framework Directive on local-level water management: Case study Oxunda Catchment, Sweden AU - Andersson, Ingela AU - Petersson, Mona AU - Jarsjö, Jerker T2 - Land Use Policy AB - The Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union provides a common framework for water policy that focuses on holistic and integrated water management in river basins. In many member states, implementation of the WFD has shifted the main responsibility for local water issues from the municipal level to the regional or supra-regional levels. In this study, we investigated how the implementation of the WFD has influenced local-level water management including the interpretation of the new environmental quality standards. Specifically, we considered Sweden, which has traditionally had relatively strong governance at the municipal level. Because a sufficient amount of time has now passed for evaluation of WFD-related effects on operational water handling, we interviewed individuals directly involved in water planning and land use planning at the municipal level in one sub catchment in the Northern Baltic Sea River Basin District of Sweden, as well as representatives for superior levels and associations. Despite divergent views regarding the priority of water issues in physical planning among the local-level planners interviewed, they had all participated in successful inter-municipal pre-WFD collaboration projects. Although such collaborations could help increase the understanding and acceptance of WFD-related goals and costs, as well as facilitate conflict solving, as shown in the Oxunda Catchment, they have not gained much attention in the WFD implementation process. Additionally, physical planners have generally been reluctant to accept new environmental quality standards resulting from WFD implementation, in part because they lack precise definitions, but also because they could challenge the municipal routine of weighing various objectives against each other. Furthermore, despite WFD-related increases in ambition levels, lack of resource improvements at the municipal level were identified as potential problems by local environmental planners. DA - 2012/01/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.05.006 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 73 EP - 82 J2 - Land Use Policy SN - 0264-8377 N1 -number: 1
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial Planning, Water and the Water Framework Directive: Insights from Theory and Practice AU - Carter, Jeremy G. T2 - The Geographical Journal AB - [Water is fundamental to the health of the biosphere, strong economic growth and human social well-being. Despite its relative scarcity and absolute importance to life on earth, fresh water resources are often used inefficiently or polluted unnecessarily. Policymakers must work towards developing approaches to balance human demands for water with the water requirements of ecosystems. The European Water Framework Directive, which aims to encourage the sustainable management and protection of freshwater resources, brings this agenda into sharp focus in Europe. Land use change and environmental quality are closely related, and the nature and location of development can significantly influence both the generation and resolution of environmental problems. This places spatial planning, which provides a framework for regulating the development and use of land, in a strong position to affect water quantity and quality issues and thus to aid the achievement of the Directive's goals. In particular, spatial planning has an important function in integrating the use and management of land and water more closely than is presently the case. This paper explores the potential and actual role of spatial planning in addressing challenges associated with the water environment. This enables an assessment to be made of the extent to which spatial planning can help to meet the goals of the Water Framework Directive.] DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 VL - 173 IS - 4 SP - 330 EP - 342 SN - 00167398, 14754959 DB - JSTOR N1 -number: 4
publisher: [Wiley, Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers)]
Translators: _:n29259
ER - TY - ELEC TI - Humusaufbau Projekt AU - KLEM T2 - Klima- und Energie- Modellregionen DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 UR - https://www.klimaundenergiemodellregionen.at/ausgewaehlte-projekte/best-practice-projekte/showbpp/288 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Wasserrückhaltung der kleinstrukturierten Straßenentwässerung AU - KLAR DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 UR - https://klar-anpassungsregionen.at/praxisbeispiele/wasserrueckhaltung-der-kleinstrukturierten-strassenentwaesserung ER - TY - BOOK TI - Agrarrecht AU - Holzer, G. CY - Wien DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 ET - 4. völlig überarbeitete Auflage PB - NWV Verlag SN - 978-3-7083-1229-3 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Grüner Bericht Österreich AU - BMLRT T2 - Grüner Bericht - Bericht über die Situation der österreichischen Land- und Forstwirtschaft DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - https://gruenerbericht.at/cm4/ Y2 - 2020/06/19/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Indikatoren für nachhaltige Waldbewirtschaftung des Österreichischen Walddialoges, Aktualisierung und Bewertung 2020 AU - Linser, S. CY - Wien DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 SP - 290 PB - BMLRT ER - TY - JOUR TI - Datensammlung zum Österreichischen Wald AU - BMNT AB - Die Datensammlung zum Waldbericht ist ein informatives Nachschlagewerk für all jene, die Fakten zum Wald in Österreich suchen. Sie stellt die vielseitigen ökologischen, ökonomischen, sozialen und kulturellen Leistungen des Waldes und der Forstwirtschaft dar. Mit der Datensammlung werden Daten und Zahlen geliefert, die zeigen sollen, warum es so bedeutend ist, den Wald zu bewirtschaften. Sie ist – ebenso wie der Waldbericht selbst – nach den Kriterien und Indikatoren für eine nachhaltige Waldbewirtschaftung der Ministerkonferenz zum Schutz der Wälder in Europa (FOREST EUROPE) aufgebaut. Die Datensammlung ist als elektronischer Download verfügbar. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 UR - https://www.bmlrt.gv.at/forst/oesterreich-wald/waldzustand/datensammlung2017.html ER - TY - RPRT TI - Zunehmende Schäden durch Borkenkäfer im Klimawandel AU - Hoch, Gernot AU - Steyrer, G. CY - Wien DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 SP - 2 M3 - CCCA Fact Sheet SN - 31 UR - https://ccca.ac.at/fileadmin/00_DokumenteHauptmenue/02_Klimawissen/FactSheets/31_zunehmende_schaeden_durch_borkenkaefer_20200806.pdf ER - TY - ELEC TI - Der Österreichische Walddialog AU - BML DA - 2023/// PY - 2023 UR - https://info.bml.gv.at/themen/wald/walddialog.html ER - TY - RPRT TI - Österreichische Waldstrategie 2020+ AU - BMNT CY - Wien DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - de PB - Bundesministerium für Nachhaltigkeit und Tourismus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparing policy options for carbon efficiency in the wood value chain: Evidence from Austria AU - Ludvig, Alice AU - Braun, Martin AU - Hesser, Franziska AU - Ranacher, Lea AU - Fritz, David AU - Gschwantner, Thomas AU - Jandl, Robert AU - Kindermann, Georg AU - Ledermann, Thomas AU - Pölz, Werner AU - Schadauer, Klemens AU - Schmid, Blasius F. AU - Schmid, Carmen AU - Schwarzbauer, Peter AU - Weiss, Gerhard AU - Wolfslehner, Bernhard AU - Weiss, Peter T2 - Journal of Cleaner Production AB - The current state of research shows that there is big potential for the use of wood, particularly harvested wood products (HWP) to mitigate climate change and increase carbon stocks. Despite of discussions on different accounting approaches, the forest-based sector can contribute with the production of long-lasting wood products to reach international climate goals. This leads to high demands on forests and on what they can deliver both at EU and the national levels. In Austria it has been bemoaned by the Environmental Agency in its recent –eleventh- control report, that a comprehensive concept for the use of wood is missing. The report asks for consideration of increasing future needs for raw wood and energy under considerations of sustainability and under inclusion of all actors involved. Apparently there are some disparities within the different policy instruments. In order to successfully concertise the national policy framework it is of paramount importance to gather the policy actors involved and examine their suggestions for solving the issue. The article is enquiring amongst a number of high level Austrian experts and stakeholders about their perspectives and solutions for enhancing the contribution of the forest based sector to combat climate change. We examine the nature of the suggested instruments and outline the perceived options for action within the capacities of the forest based sector. This is done by way of a triangulation of face-to-face qualitative interviews, moderated focus group discussions and one survey. For the increase in carbon efficiency, all the participants notably emphasise long lasting material use and increase in use. Yet the opinions are contradicting when it comes to energetic use. Our findings indicate that the expert views reflect diverging perspectives on the use of wood for energy consumption. Some opt for policies that support energy consumption of wooden biomass to replace fossil fuels, others want any energy use of wood to become restricted drastically. As a final result, the article derives 16 principle policy measures and instruments that were brought up and assessed by the stakeholders in several rounds of interaction. We conclude that small improvements to existing measures could have ample impacts. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125985 VL - 292 SP - 125985 SN - 0959-6526 ER - TY - BOOK TI - BIODIVERSITÄTS-STRATEGIE ÖSTERREICH 2020+ VIELFALT ERHALTEN – LEBENSQUALITÄT UND WOHLSTAND FÜR UNS UND ZUKÜNFTIGE GENERATIONEN SICHERN! AU - Umweltbundesamt AU - Stejskal-Tiefenbach, M. AU - Rabitsch, W AU - Ellmauer, Thomas AU - Schwaiger, E. AU - Schwarzl, B. AU - Gaugitsch, H. AU - Banko, G. A2 - BMLFUW A3 - BMLFUW CY - Wien DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 PB - Umweltbundesamt GmbH UR - https://www.bmlrt.gv.at/umwelt/natur-artenschutz/biologische_vielfalt/biodivstrat_2020plus.html ER - TY - ELEC TI - netzwerk zukunftsraum land LE14-20 AU - zukunftsraumland T2 - netzwerk zukunftsraum land LE14-20 DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - https://www.zukunftsraumland.at/ ER - TY - ELEC TI - Blühendes Österreich AU - Blühendes Österreich DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - https://www.bluehendesoesterreich.at/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Gleichstellung von Männern und Frauen im Österreichischen Programm für ländliche Entwicklung 2014-2020? AU - Bergman, N. AU - Danzer, N. AU - Reichert, H. AU - Willsberger, B. AU - Mollay, Ursula AU - Münch, A. AU - Stroissnig CY - Wien DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 SP - 176 M3 - Endbericht PB - L&R Sozialforschung UR - https://www.bmlrt.gv.at/land/laendl_entwicklung/evaluierung/Evaluierungsstudien/Chancengleichheit.html ER - TY - RPRT TI - Der LEADER-Ansatz und Soziale Innovation im ländlichen Raum – eine Liaison? AU - Ecker, B. AU - Fidlschuster, L. AU - Fischer, M. AU - Lukesch, R. AU - Maier, S. AU - Philipp, S. AU - Said, N. CY - Wien DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - ÖAR & ZSI ER - TY - RPRT TI - Wirkungsorientierung und Regionalentwicklung. Analyse der Wirksamkeit und der Umsetzung des Modells der „Wirkungsorientierung" in der LE-Maßnahme LEADER AU - Stoppacher, P. CY - Graz DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 M3 - Endbericht PB - Institut für Arbeitsmarktbetreuung und -forschung Steiermark ER - TY - ELEC TI - Auftrag - Die Umweltanwaltschaften der Österreichischen Bundesländer AU - Umweltanwaltschaften Österreeichs T2 - Umweltanwalschaften Österreichs DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - http://www.umweltanwaltschaft.gv.at/de/auftrag ER - TY - JOUR TI - Natura-2000, Vertragsverletzung ... Lutra lutra quo vadis? AU - Götzl, Angelika T2 - Recht der Umwelt DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 VL - 1 SP - 11 EP - 23 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gerichtlicher Umweltschutz ausrecihend effektiv? AU - Prückner, Gerhard AU - Brenn, Christoph T2 - Österreichische Juristen Zeitung DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 VL - 16 SP - 149 EP - 154 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Die Abwägung konfligierender Interessen im Öffentlichen Recht – ein rechtsökonomischer Annäherungsversuch AU - Thöni, Magdalena T2 - Journal für Rechtspolitik AB - Der vorliegende Beitrag verfolgt die Zielsetzung die rechtliche als auch ökonomische Auffassung von Interessensabwägungen im öffentlichen Recht auf der Basis der Rechtsökonomie zusammenzuführen. Dafür wird die Abwägung von (konfligierenden) Interessen in einem juristischen Kontext diskutiert, in dem funktionelle und normative Anforderungen aufgezeigt werden und die juristische Sichtweise ausführlich erörtert wird. Anschließend werden im Rahmen einer rechtsökonomischen Antwort ökonomische Argumente und Instrumente vorgestellt, die es ermöglichen, eine übergeordnete Theoriesprache für den juristischen Abwägungsprozess zu definieren. Basierend auf diesem Schritt wird eine potenzielle Integration von Kosten Nutzen Analysen und Kompensationsmechanismen in den juristischen Abwägungsprozess besprochen. DA - 2008/06/01/ PY - 2008 DO - 10.1007/s00730-008-0220-9 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 131 EP - 138 J2 - Journal für Rechtspolitik SN - 1613-754X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bausteine einer Theorie der Interessensabwägung im österreichischen Naturschutzrecht. AU - Bußjäger, Peter T2 - Natur und Recht DA - 2001/// PY - 2001 VL - 12 SP - 677 EP - 683 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Interessenabwägung im Vorarlberger Naturschutzrecht Funktion, Dimensionen und Evaluierung AU - Schulev-Steindl, Eva AU - Romirer, Christoph DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 SP - 82 UR - https://assets.dornbirn.at/fileadmin/www.naturschutzrat.at/Studien/interessenabwaegung-vlbg_2019-07.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Interessenabwägung im Naturschutzrecht - Ein Problemaufriss am Beispiel Vorarlbergs AU - Schulev-Steindl, Eva AU - Romirer, Christoph DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gliedstaatsverträge für neue Biodiversitäts-Herausforderungen. AU - Prückner, Gerhard AU - Brenn, Christoph T2 - Recht der Umwelt DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 VL - 5 SP - 20 EP - 26 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Baustellen des Umweltverfahrens AU - Schmelz, C. T2 - Jahrbuch des österreichischen und europäischen Umweltrechts 2017 A2 - in Institut für Umweltrecht der JKU Linz CY - Wien DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 SP - 123 EP - 133 PB - Manz ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gliedstaatsverträge für neue Biodiversitäts-Herausforderungen. AU - Mauerhofer, V. AU - Alge, T AU - Platter, G. T2 - Recht der Umwelt DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 VL - 5 SP - 20 EP - 22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The bioeconomy in Europe. An overview AU - McCormick, Kes AU - Kautto, Niina T2 - Sustainability DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 VL - 5 IS - 6 SP - 2589 EP - 2608 LA - en ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Bioeconomy to 2030: Designing a Policy Agenda AU - OECD CY - Paris DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 SP - Organisation EP - for Economic Co-operation and Development LA - en ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Application of Biotechnology to Industrial Sustainability AU - OECD CY - Paris DA - 2001/// PY - 2001 LA - en PB - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ER - TY - CONF TI - Bioeconomics as an interdisciplinary science AU - Zawojska, Aldona AU - Siudek, Tomasz T2 - Economic Science for Rural Development Conference Proceedings C3 - Economic Science for Rural Development Conference Proceedings DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 VL - 41 SP - 273 EP - 280 LA - en ER - TY - RPRT TI - Ressourceneffizienz Aktionsplan (REAP): Wegweiser zur Schonung natürlicher Ressourcen AU - BMLFUW CY - Wien DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 LA - de ER - TY - RPRT TI - FTI für Forschung, Technologie und Innovation AU - Ganglberger, Erika AU - Strurm, T. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 SP - 83 M3 - 38/2014 PB - BMVIT UR - https://nachhaltigwirtschaften.at/resources/fdz_pdf/1438_fti_strategie_biobasierte_industrie.pdf?m=1469660368& ER - TY - RPRT TI - #mission2030 - Die Österreichische Klima- und Energiestrategie AU - BMNT AU - BMVIT CY - Wien DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - de PB - Bundesministerium für Nachhaltigkeit und Tourismus, Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bioökonomie. Eine Strategie für Österreich AU - BMNT AU - BMBWF AU - BMVIT DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - Bundesministerium für Nachhaltigkeit und Tourismus, Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung, Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie ER - TY - THES TI - Empirische Analyse der Wahrnehmung von Bioökonomie im österreichischen Forst- und Holzsektor AU - Lehner, Lisa CY - Wien DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 M3 - Diplomarbeit PB - Universität der Bodenkultur Wien ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioeconomy perception by future stakeholders: Hearing from European forestry students AU - Masiero, Mauro AU - Secco, Laura AU - Pettenella, Davide AU - Da Re, Riccardo AU - Bernö, Hanna AU - Carreira, Ariane AU - Dobrovolsky, Alexander AU - Giertlieova, Blanka AU - Giurca, Alexandru AU - Holmgren, Sara AU - Mark-Herbert, Cecilia AU - Navrátilová, Lenka AU - Pülzl, Helga AU - Ranacher, Lea AU - Salvalaggio, Alessandra AU - Sergent, Arnaud AU - Sopanen, Juuso AU - Stelzer, Cristoph AU - Stetter, Theresa AU - Valsta, Lauri AU - Výbošťok, Jozef AU - Wallin, Ida T2 - Ambio AB - This article provides useful information for universities offering forestry programs and facing the growing demand for bioeconomy education. An explorative survey on bioeconomy perception among 1400 students enrolled in 29 universities across nine European countries offering forestry programs was performed. The data have been elaborated via descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Around 70% of respondents have heard about the bioeconomy, mainly through university courses. Students perceive forestry as the most important sector for bioeconomy; however, the extent of perceived importance of forestry varies between countries, most significantly across groups of countries along a North–South European axis. Although differences across bachelor and master programs are less pronounced, they shed light on how bioeconomy is addressed by university programs and the level of student satisfaction with this. These differences and particularities are relevant for potential development routes towards comprehensive bioeconomy curricula at European forestry universities with a forestry focus. DA - 2020/12/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1007/s13280-020-01376-y VL - 49 IS - 12 SP - 1925 EP - 1942 J2 - Ambio SN - 1654-7209 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding Perceptions of the Bioeconomy in Austria—An Explorative Case Study AU - Stern, Tobias AU - Ploll, Ursula AU - Spies, Raphael AU - Schwarzbauer, Peter AU - Hesser, Franziska AU - Ranacher, Lea T2 - Sustainability AB - The bioeconomy provides new approaches to deal with environmental challenges by substituting fossil fuels for sustainable, renewable resources and fuels. In Europe, this process and discourse has mainly been driven from a strategic top-down level. This leads to a lack of inclusion of societal actors, which can consequently lead to reduced acceptance and engagement. Henceforth, in this study, we focus on exploring how the bioeconomy is perceived, understood and evaluated by a wider audience. Through convenience sampling, 456 interviews conducted with students, employees, farmers and pensioners living in Austria provide the database for the study. Due to the novelty of the study’s objective and the consequentially explorative research approach, qualitative and quantitative social science research methods are applied. The results indicate that the bioeconomy concept is associated with various themes and visions. These associated topics also have negative or positive implications. Furthermore, a division between two visions of the bioeconomy, a technology- and industry-driven vision and a vision defined by regional environmentalism, can be observed. The feasibility of a future bioeconomy identifies as the most critical aspect. Sustainable consumption was mentioned as an important topic of the bioeconomy by the participants, a result that could be of particular interest when creating an inclusive bioeconomy, since it calls for active involvement of consumers. The study also shows that responding farmers tend to believe that the bioeconomy will lead to more inequity. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.3390/su10114142 VL - 10 IS - 11 SN - 2071-1050 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/11/4142 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bodenfunktionsbewertung: Methodische Umsetzung der ÖNORM L 1076 AU - BMLFUW CY - Wien DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 SP - 113 PB - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwisschaft ER - TY - BOOK TI - Verfassungsrecht AU - Öhlinger, Theo AU - Eberhard, Harald CY - Wien DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 SP - 536 PB - Facultas SN - 978-3-7089-1727-6 ER - TY - STAT TI - Bzundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG) AU - B-VG T2 - BGBl. Nr. 1/1930 DA - 1930/// PY - 1930 VL - 1/1930 M1 - 1/1930 UR - https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10000138 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lichtverschmutzung und Kompetenzverteilung AU - Bußjäger, Peter AU - Seeberger, Robert T2 - Recht der Umwelt DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 VL - 28 SP - 74 EP - 81 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Besonderes Verwaltungsrecht AU - Bachmann, Susanne AU - Baumgartner, Gerhard AU - Feik, Rudolf AU - Fuchs, Claudia AU - Giese, Karim AU - Jahnel, Dietmar AU - Lienbacher, Georg CY - Wien DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SP - 176 PB - Verlag Österreich SN - 978-3-7046-8038-9 ER - TY - STAT TI - Bundesgesetz über die Prüfung der Umweltverträglichkeit (Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfungsgesetz 2000 – UVP-G 2000) AU - UVP-G DA - 2000/// PY - 2000 UR - https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10010767 Y2 - 2017/01/01/ ER - TY - STAT TI - Wasserrechtsgesetzt 1959 AU - WRG 1959 DA - 1959/// PY - 1959 UR - https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10010290&ShowPrintPreview=True N1 -BGBl. Nr. 215/1959
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Alpenkonvention und Moorschutz AU - Schmid, Sebastian T2 - Recht der Umwelt DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 VL - 72 SP - 158 EP - 166 ER - TY - STAT TI - Oberösterreichische Raumordnungsgesetz AU - Oö Raumordnungsgesetz T2 - LGBl 114/1993 DA - 1994/// PY - 1994 VL - 114/1993 M1 - LGBl114/1993 OP - Landesgesetz UR - https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=LROO&Gesetzesnummer=10000370 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Kompetenzrechtliche Überlegungen zur Lichtverschmutzung AU - Granner, Georg AU - Raschauer, Nicolas T2 - SPRW DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 SP - 21 EP - 51 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Verteilungsgerechtigkeit im Verfassungsrecht AU - Baumgartner, Gerhard AU - Fister, Mathis T2 - Verteilungsgerechtigkeit im Recht CY - Wien DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 SP - 107 EP - 235 PB - Verlag Österreich SN - 978-3-7046-7529-3 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Stickstoff: Lösungsstrategien für ein drängendes Umweltproblem AU - SRU CY - Berlin DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 UR - https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/02_Sondergutachten/2012_2016/2015_01_SG_Stickstoff_HD.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 ER - TY - STAT TI - Forstgesetz AU - BGBl 440 T2 - BGBl 440 DA - 1975/// PY - 1975 VL - 440/1975 SP - 69 M1 - BGBl. Nr. 440/1975 ER - TY - STAT TI - Steiermärkischen landwirtschaftlichen Bodenschutzgesetzes AU - LGBl 66 T2 - LGBl 66/1987 DA - 1987/// PY - 1987 VL - 66/1987 M1 - LGBl 66/1987 UR - https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=LrStmk&Gesetzesnummer=20000869 ER - TY - STAT TI - Bundesgesetz über den Verkehr mit Düngemitteln und sonstigen Düngeprodukten AU - BGBl 103 T2 - BGBl 103/2021 DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 M1 - 103/2021 ST - Düngemittelgesetzt 2021 - DMG 2021 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Klage, eingereicht am 25. Februar 2021 — Mariani u. a./Parlament (Rechtssache T-124/21) (2021/C 138/68) AU - EU T2 - Amtsblatt der Europäische Union DA - 1993/// PY - 1993 VL - C138 SP - C138/68 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The economics of welfare AU - Pigou, C., Arthur DA - 1920/// PY - 1920 PB - Macmillan and CO, Limited UR - http://files.libertyfund.org/files/1410/Pigou_0316.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - State and Trends of Carbon pricing AU - Worldbank DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon intensity in production and the effects of climate policy—Evidence from Swedish industry AU - Brännlund, Runar AU - Lundgren, Tommy AU - Marklund, Per-Olov T2 - Energy Policy AB - We analyze carbon intensity performance at firm level and the effectiveness of the Swedish CO2 tax. Carbon intensity performance is derived from a production technology and measured as changes in the CO2 emission-output production ratio. As one of the first countries to introduce a CO2 tax in 1991, Sweden serves as an appropriate “test bench” for analyzing the effectiveness of climate policy in general. Firm level data from Swedish manufacturing spanning over the period 1990–2004 is used for the analysis. Results show that EP has improved in all the sectors and there is an evidence of decoupling of output production growth and CO2 emissions. Firms' carbon intensity performance responds both to changes in the CO2 tax and fossil fuel price, but is more sensitive to the tax. DA - 2014/04/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.12.012 VL - 67 SP - 844 EP - 857 J2 - Energy Policy SN - 0301-4215 ER - TY - JOUR TI - New vehicle feebates AU - Rivers, Nicholas AU - Schaufele, Brandon T2 - Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique AB - New vehicle feebate programs encourage improved fleet-wide vehicle fuel efficiency; yet analyses of these policies have been limited to ad hoc proposals. In this paper, we exploit an extensive, multi-year dataset which includes more than 16 million observations to evaluate the welfare implications of a long-standing vehicle feebate program in the Canadian province of Ontario. We: (1) show that second-best optimal feebates can be written as a function of new vehicle Pigouvian taxes; (2) find that Ontario's feebate program was welfare-enhancing relative to a no feebate scenario but that a second-best optimal benchmark would have yielded additional welfare while reducing fleet-wide emissions; and (3) find that Ontarian consumers responded asymmetrically to fees versus rebates. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1111/caje.12255 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 50 IS - 1 SP - 201 EP - 232 LA - en SN - 1540-5982 N1 -number: 1
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Salience of carbon taxes in the gasoline market AU - Rivers, Nicholas AU - Schaufele, Brandon T2 - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management AB - We demonstrate that the carbon tax imposed by the Canadian province of British Columbia caused a decline in short-run gasoline demand that is significantly greater than would be expected from an equivalent increase in the market price of gasoline. That the carbon tax is more salient, or yields a larger change in demand than equivalent market price movements, is robust to a range of specifications. As a result of the large consumer response to the tax, we calculate that during its first four years, the tax reduced carbon dioxide emissions from gasoline consumption by 2.4 million tonnes. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - RePEc - Econpapers VL - 74 IS - C SP - 23 EP - 36 SN - 0095-0696 N1 -number: C
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon Taxes and CO2 Emissions: Sweden as a Case Study AU - Andersson, Julius J. T2 - American Economic Journal: Economic Policy AB - This quasi-experimental study is the first to find a significant causal effect of carbon taxes on emissions, empirically analyzing the implementation of a carbon tax and a value-added tax on transport fuel in Sweden. After implementation, carbon dioxide emissions from transport declined almost 11 percent, with the largest share due to the carbon tax alone, relative to a synthetic control unit constructed from a comparable group of OECD countries. Furthermore, the carbon tax elasticity of demand for gasoline is three times larger than the price elasticity. Policy evaluations of carbon taxes, using price elasticities to simulate emission reductions, may thus significantly underestimate their true effect. DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1257/pol.20170144 DP - www.aeaweb.org VL - 11 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 30 LA - en SN - 1945-7731 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Frugal Cars or Frugal Drivers? How Carbon and Fuel Taxes Influence the Choice and Use of Cars AU - Antweiler, Werner AU - Gulati, Sumeet AB - British Columbia’s carbon tax was introduced in 2008 and reached its current level of $30 per tonne of carbon dioxide in 2012. Per-capita gasoline demand in B.C. Has decreased by about 15% between 2007 and 2014. Is this decline attributable to BC’s carbon tax and other fuel taxes? This paper assesses the empirical evidence and finds that higher taxes reduce gasoline consumption over time. We also find evidence of carbon leakage, particularly during the 2010-14 period of high cross-border travel due to the strong Canadian Dollar. While the intensive margin of adjustment (car use) may be subject to highly volatile gasoline prices and exchange rates, the extensive margin of adjustment (car purchases) is also influenced by increasing taxes. We find conclusive evidence that higher fuel taxes and BC’s carbon tax are shifting car purchases towards higher fuel efficiency. A counterfactual simulation suggests that without BC’s carbon tax fuel demand per capita would be 7% higher, and the average vehicle’s fuel efficiency would be 4% lower. CY - Rochester, NY DA - 2016/05/11/ PY - 2016 DP - papers.ssrn.com LA - en M3 - SSRN Scholarly Paper SN - ID 2778868 UR - https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2778868 Y2 - 2020/07/08/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - The long and short run effects of British Columbia's carbon tax on diesel demand AU - Bernard, Jean-Thomas AU - Kichian, Maral T2 - Energy Policy AB - In 2008, the government of the province of British Columbia (B.C.) broke new ground in North America by introducing a revenue-neutral carbon tax on fossil fuel use. The rate was initially set at $10/ton of CO2 and then raised annually by increments of $5 to reach $30/ton in 2012. We measure the impact of the tax on diesel users; these are primarily businesses involved in heavy industries, mining, construction, and commercial transportation, and they represent 18.2% of B.C. fossil fuel emissions. Based on a cointegration equation and a related error-correction model, we find that, over 2008–2016, the combined long and short run carbon tax impact has resulted in an average of 5.85 cent/litre increase at the pump, and a reduction of 1.24 L in monthly per capita diesel consumption. The average annual reduction amounts to 1.3% of B.C. 2008 diesel emissions and 0.2% of total emissions in the province in that same year. This decrease is relatively modest when we consider Canada's Paris Agreement commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 30% by the year 2030. DA - 2019/08/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.04.021 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 131 SP - 380 EP - 389 J2 - Energy Policy LA - en SN - 0301-4215 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Rethinking Urban Sprawl: Moving Towards Sustainable Cities AU - OECD CY - Paris DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - OECD ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gas Price Variations and Urban Sprawl: An Empirical Analysis of the Twelve Largest Canadian Metropolitan Areas AU - Tanguay, Georges A AU - Gingras, Ian T2 - Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space AB - We conduct a multivariate analysis of the potential impact of higher gas prices on urban sprawl in the twelve largest Canadian Metropolitan Areas for the period 1986?2006. Controlling for variables such as income and population, we show that higher gasoline prices have significantly reduced urban sprawl. On average, a 1% increase in gas prices has caused a 0.32% increase in the population living in the inner city and a 0.60% decrease in low-density housing units. Our results also show that higher incomes have played a significant role in increasing urban sprawl. DA - 2012/01/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1068/a44259 VL - 44 IS - 7 SP - 1728 EP - 1743 J2 - Environ Plan A SN - 0308-518X N1 -number: 7
publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
number: 3
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Willingness to Pay for Nature Conservation Policies in State-Owned Forests: An Austrian Case Study AU - Getzner, Michael AU - Meyerhoff, Jürgen AU - Schläpfer, Felix T2 - Forests DA - 2018/09// PY - 2018 DO - 10.3390/f9090537 VL - 9 IS - 9 SP - 537 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cultural ecosystem services of mountain regions: Modelling the aesthetic value AU - Schirpke, Uta AU - Timmermann, Florian AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike AU - Tasser, Erich T2 - Ecological Indicators DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.04.001 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 69 SP - 78 EP - 90 J2 - Ecological Indicators LA - en SN - 1470160X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global Patterns in the Implementation of Payments for Environmental Services AU - Ezzine-de-Blas, Driss AU - Wunder, Sven AU - Ruiz-Pérez, Manuel AU - Moreno-Sanchez, Rocio del Pilar T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Assessing global tendencies and impacts of conditional payments for environmental services (PES) programs is challenging because of their heterogeneity, and scarcity of comparative studies. This meta-study systematizes 55 PES schemes worldwide in a quantitative database. Using categorical principal component analysis to highlight clustering patterns, we reconfirm frequently hypothesized differences between public and private PES schemes, but also identify diverging patterns between commercial and non-commercial private PES vis-à-vis their service focus, area size, and market orientation. When do these PES schemes likely achieve significant environmental additionality? Using binary logistical regression, we find additionality to be positively influenced by three theoretically recommended PES ‘best design’ features: spatial targeting, payment differentiation, and strong conditionality, alongside some contextual controls (activity paid for and implementation time elapsed). Our results thus stress the preeminence of customized design over operational characteristics when assessing what determines the outcomes of PES implementation. DA - 2016/03/03/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0149847 DP - PLoS Journals VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - e0149847 J2 - PLOS ONE LA - en SN - 1932-6203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Innovative mechanisms for financing biodiversity conservation: experiences from Europe, final report in the context of the project “Innovative financing mechanisms for biodiversity in Mexico / N°2015/368378” AU - Illes, Andrea AU - Russi, Daniela AU - Kettunen, Marianne AU - de Blas, Ezzine DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 121 LA - en ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determining when payments are an effective policy approach to ecosystem service provision AU - Kemkes, Robin J. AU - Farley, Joshua AU - Koliba, Christopher J. T2 - Ecological Economics T3 - Special Section - Payments for Ecosystem Services: From Local to Global AB - There are several policy tools available for the provision of ecosystem services. The economic characteristics of the ecosystem service being provided, such as rivalry and excludability, along with the spatial scale at which benefits accrue can help determine the appropriate policy approach. In this paper we provide a brief introduction to ecosystem services and discuss the policy tools available for providing them along with the dimensions, political feasibility and appropriateness of each tool. Throughout the paper we focus primarily on payments as a mechanism for ecosystem service provision. We present a framework for determining the characteristics of an ecosystem service and when payments are a viable policy tool option based on the characteristics. Additionally, we provide examples of when payments do not provide a socially desirable level of ecosystem benefits. We conclude with a summary of policy recommendations, specifically desirable property rights and payment types based on the particular classification of an ecosystem service. We also discuss the advantages of creating monopsony power to reduce transaction costs, delineating and bundling ecosystem services and utilizing existing intermediaries. DA - 2010/09/15/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.11.032 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 69 IS - 11 SP - 2069 EP - 2074 J2 - Ecological Economics LA - en SN - 0921-8009 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Payments for Ecosystem Services: Private and Public Funding to Avoid Risks to Ecosystem Services AU - Matzdorf, Bettina AU - Biedermann, Carolin AU - Loft, Lasse T2 - Atlas of Ecosystem Services: Drivers, Risks, and Societal Responses A2 - Schröter, Matthias A2 - Bonn, Aletta A2 - Klotz, Stefan A2 - Seppelt, Ralf A2 - Baessler, Cornelia AB - To date, different types of PES approaches co-exist. There are various fruitful examples for innovative and successful design and implementation around the world. Governmental activities are highly important for PES. The social-ecological context must be considered during the design and implementation process. A PES design is not only a technical tool for effective and economically optimal ecosystem services provision. It also needs to be created with multiple aspects of social justice and equity in mind. A policy mix that includes PES is important for ecosystem services risk management. Depending on the given social-ecological context conditions, the use of economic incentives to influence human behaviour and the use of trade mechanisms to allocate resources can be a cost-effective and socially accepted approach, if combined with other policy instruments. Progress in ecosystem services quantification could promote the development of more output-based payment schemes. Intermediaries that are active on a regional level are often key players for PES development and implementation. Their participation should thus be encouraged. CY - Cham DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 SP - 335 EP - 341 PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 978-3-319-96229-0 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96229-0_51 N1 -DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96229-0_51
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards an integrative assessment of land-use type values from the perspective of ecosystem services AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Schirpke, Uta AU - Zoderer, Brenda Maria AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Ecosystem Services DA - 2020/04// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101082 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 42 SP - 101082 J2 - Ecosystem Services LA - en SN - 22120416 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Revisiting the concept of payments for environmental services AU - Wunder, Sven T2 - Ecological Economics AB - This article revisits the payments for environmental services (PES) concept and reviews existing PES definitions. Based on Weberian philosophy of science, it is argued that an ideal PES type, strongly embedded in PES theory, is needed to understand their logic. Many broader, empiricist definitions fail to distinguish PES from the larger generic family of positive environmental incentives, thus eroding their meaning by excessive vagueness. Arguably, PES definitions should focus on describing a functional tool, rather than normatively integrating desirable PES outcomes. A modified narrow PES definition is proposed, outlining conditionality as the single defining feature, avoiding the buyer-seller terms, and linking PES to offsite externalities. Extensive explanatory guidelines address many valid conceptual concerns raised in the recent PES literature. DA - 2015/09/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.08.016 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 117 SP - 234 EP - 243 J2 - Ecological Economics LA - en SN - 0921-8009 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Market-based instruments for biodiversity and ecosystem services: A lexicon AU - Pirard, Romain T2 - Environmental Science & Policy AB - Although market-based instruments (MBIs) gained prominence in discourses and practice in the field of biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem services, their definition and underpinning theory still are unsettled matters. A review of MBIs – including payments for ecosystem services, taxes and subsidies, mitigation or species banking, certification, etc. – clearly shows that this label encompasses an extremely diverse array of instruments. Their only shared characteristic might be the attribution of a price to nature, yet in different ways and not necessarily in conjunction with economic valuations of the benefits/impacts associated with biodiversity and ecosystem services. Their links with markets are often loose, at least contrasted if not questionable in many cases. This pleads for a better lexicon of such a large collection of policy instruments in order to better inform policy making. This lexicon is based on the links between MBIs, economic theory, and markets. It includes six generic categories: regulatory price signals, Coasean-type agreements, reverse auctions, tradable permits, direct markets, and voluntary price signals. As a matter of illustration, “Payments for Ecosystem Services” refer to various instruments in the literature and in practice. Depending on the context they could fit in all of our categories but one, so that we wonder if the term itself is not emptied of any useful meaning at least from an operational perspective. Last, the diversity of MBIs with regard to their functioning and links with markets seems to disqualify any general statement, be it in favour or against their development. In particular, MBIs as a whole cannot be said to be cost-efficient, risky, inequitable, or capable of revealing information to reach a social optimum and better environmental management. DA - 2012/05/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2012.02.001 VL - 19-20 SP - 59 EP - 68 J2 - Environmental Science & Policy SN - 1462-9011 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The cost-effectiveness of agri-environment schemes for biodiversity conservation: A quantitative review AU - Ansell, Dean AU - Freudenberger, David AU - Munro, Nicola AU - Gibbons, Philip T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AB - Agri-environment schemes (AES), where farmers receive payments in exchange for providing public goods and services such as biodiversity, account for a major proportion of conservation expenditure in agricultural landscapes around the world. The variable effectiveness of such schemes and increasing recognition of the importance of cost-effective conservation – maximizing conservation benefit for a fixed cost or minimizing cost of achieving a specific conservation outcome – has prompted calls over the past decade for integration of economic costs into evaluation. We reviewed the global agri-environmental evaluation literature to determine what proportion of studies evaluating biodiversity conservation effectiveness consider costs and cost-effectiveness and whether there has been an increase in this integration over time. Less than half of the studies reviewed made any reference to the costs of AES, and fewer than 15% included any measure of cost-effectiveness. Despite steady growth in the number of published AES evaluations over the past 15 years, and a gradual increase in the number of studies that acknowledge costs, the proportion of studies published annually that integrate economic data into evaluation remains largely unchanged. Various reasons have been identified for this poor integration, including limited understanding of, and access to, economic evaluation tools, data and training, and a philosophical aversion to the mixing of economics and conservation. We argue however that these reasons are no longer justified, and highlight several examples of the effective integration of economic and ecological data in evaluations to assist researchers and decision-makers in addressing this deficiency. DA - 2016/06/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2016.04.008 VL - 225 SP - 184 EP - 191 J2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment SN - 0167-8809 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mixed biodiversity benefits of agri-environment schemes in five European countries AU - Kleijn, D. AU - Baquero, R. A. AU - Clough, Y. AU - Díaz, M. AU - De Esteban, J. AU - Fernández, F. AU - Gabriel, D. AU - Herzog, F. AU - Holzschuh, A. AU - Jöhl, R. AU - Knop, E. AU - Kruess, A. AU - Marshall, E. J. P. AU - Steffan-Dewenter, I. AU - Tscharntke, T. AU - Verhulst, J. AU - West, T. M. AU - Yela, J. L. T2 - Ecology Letters AB - Abstract Agri-environment schemes are an increasingly important tool for the maintenance and restoration of farmland biodiversity in Europe but their ecological effects are poorly known. Scheme design is partly based on non-ecological considerations and poses important restrictions on evaluation studies. We describe a robust approach to evaluate agri-environment schemes and use it to evaluate the biodiversity effects of agri-environment schemes in five European countries. We compared species density of vascular plants, birds, bees, grasshoppers and crickets, and spiders on 202 paired fields, one with an agri-environment scheme, the other conventionally managed. In all countries, agri-environment schemes had marginal to moderately positive effects on biodiversity. However, uncommon species benefited in only two of five countries and species listed in Red Data Books rarely benefited from agri-environment schemes. Scheme objectives may need to differentiate between biodiversity of common species that can be enhanced with relatively simple modifications in farming practices and diversity or abundance of endangered species which require more elaborate conservation measures. DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00869.x VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 243 EP - 254 N1 -_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00869.x
ER - TY - JOUR TI - How effective are European agri-environment schemes in conserving and promoting biodiversity? AU - Kleijn, David AU - Sutherland, William J. T2 - Journal of Applied Ecology AB - Summary 1 Increasing concern over the environmental impact of agriculture in Europe has led to the introduction of agri-environment schemes. These schemes compensate farmers financially for any loss of income associated with measures that aim to benefit the environment or biodiversity. There are currently agri-environment schemes in 26 out of 44 European countries. 2 Agri-environment schemes vary markedly between countries even within the European Union. The main objectives include reducing nutrient and pesticide emissions, protecting biodiversity, restoring landscapes and preventing rural depopulation. In virtually all countries the uptake of schemes is highest in areas of extensive agriculture where biodiversity is still relatively high and lowest in intensively farmed areas where biodiversity is low. 3 Approximately ?24·3 billion has been spent on agri-environment schemes in the European Union (EU) since 1994, an unknown proportion of it on schemes with biodiversity conservation aims. We carried out a comprehensive search for studies that test the effectiveness of agri-environment schemes in published papers or reports. Only 62 evaluation studies were found originating from just five EU countries and Switzerland (5). Indeed 76% of the studies were from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, where until now only c. 6% of the EU agri-environmental budget has been spent. Other studies were from Germany (6), Ireland (3) and Portugal (1). 4 In the majority of studies, the research design was inadequate to assess reliably the effectiveness of the schemes. Thirty-one percent did not contain a statistical analysis. Where an experimental approach was used, designs were usually weak and biased towards giving a favourable result. The commonest experimental design (37% of the studies) was a comparison of biodiversity in agri-environment schemes and control areas. However, there is a risk of bias if either farmers or scheme co-ordinators select the sites for agri-environment schemes. In such cases the sites are likely to have a higher biodiversity at the outset compared to the controls. This problem may be addressed by collecting baseline data (34% of studies), comparing trends (32%) or changes (26%) in biodiversity between areas with and without schemes or by pairing scheme and control sites that experience similar environmental conditions (16%). 5 Overall, 54% of the examined species (groups) demonstrated increases and 6% decreases in species richness or abundance compared with controls. Seventeen percent showed increases for some species and decreases for other species, while 23% showed no change at all in response to agri-environment schemes. The response varied between taxa. Of 19 studies examining the response of birds that included a statistical analysis, four showed significant increases in species richness or abundance, two showed decreases and nine showed both increases and decreases. Comparative figures for 20 arthropod studies yielded 11 studies that showed an increase in species richness or abundance, no study showed a decrease and three showed both increases and decreases. Fourteen plant studies yielded six studies that showed increases in species richness or abundance, two showed decreases and no study showed both increases and decreases. 6 Synthesis and applications. The lack of robust evaluation studies does not allow a general judgement of the effectiveness of European agri-environment schemes. We suggest that in the future, ecological evaluations must become an integral part of any scheme, including the collection of baseline data, the random placement of scheme and control sites in areas with similar initial conditions, and sufficient replication. Results of these studies should be collected and disseminated more widely, in order to identify the approaches and prescriptions that best deliver biodiversity enhancement and value for money from community support. DA - 2003/12/01/ PY - 2003 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2003.00868.x VL - 40 IS - 6 SP - 947 EP - 969 J2 - Journal of Applied Ecology SN - 0021-8901 N1 -number: 6
publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Auftraggeber Bundesministerium für Nachhaltikeit und Tourismus
ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluierung 2017 des Programmes LE 2014 – 2020 Schwerpunktbereich 5C Erleichterung der Versorgung mit und stärkere Nutzung von erneuerbaren Energien, Nebenerzeugnissen, Abfällen und Rückständen und anderen Ausgangserzeugnissen außer Lebensmitteln für die Biowirtschaft AU - Handler, F. CY - Wieselburg DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 LA - Deutsch ER - TY - RPRT TI - Nationaler Bericht 2017 "Paket G" AU - HBLFA Raumberg Gumpenstein CY - Raumberg DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - HBLFA Raumberg Gumpenstein ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bodenerosion in Österreich – Eine nationale Berechnung mit regionalen Daten und lokaler Aussagekraft für ÖPUL Endbericht AU - Strauss, P. AU - Schmaltz, E. AU - Krammer, C. AU - Zeiser, A. AU - Weinberger, C. AU - Kuderna, M. AU - Dersch, G. CY - Petzenkirchen DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 PB - Bundesamt für Wasserwirtschaft ER - TY - RPRT TI - Ökologische Bewertung der Bewirtschaftung von Grünlandflächen hinsichtlich Nutzungsintensivierung und Nutzungsaufgabe AU - Suske, W. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - Suske Consulting ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Global Risk Report 2020 AU - World Economic Forum CY - Geneve DA - 2020/01/15/ PY - 2020 SP - 102 PB - World Economic Forum UR - http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risk_Report_2020.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - The economics of trade protection AU - Vousden, Neil CY - Cambridge DA - 1990/// PY - 1990 LA - en PB - Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR TI - Österreichs Landwirtschaft und der EWG-Agrarmarkt AU - Schneider, Matthias T2 - WIFO Monatsberichte DA - 1967/// PY - 1967 VL - 8 IS - 1967 SP - 263 EP - 271 LA - de N1 -number: 1967
ER - TY - BOOK TI - Zielsetzungen für eine nachhaltige Landwirtschaft AU - Hofreither, Markus F AU - Sinabell, Franz T2 - Monographien CY - Wien DA - 1994/// PY - 1994 VL - 48 PB - Umeltbundesamt ER - TY - JOUR TI - 10 Jahre EU-Mitgliedschaft. Situation eines Erfolges für die ländliche Entwicklung in Österreich AU - Knöbl, I. T2 - Ländlicher Raum:Online-Fachzeitung des Bundesministeriums für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ÖPUL 2015 – das Agrar-Umweltprogramm bis 2020, verlängert bis 2022 AU - BMLRT DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 UR - https://www.bmlrt.gv.at/land/laendl_entwicklung/oepul/oepul2015.html; Y2 - 2021/03/04/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Grüner Bericht 2020 AU - BMLRT CY - Wien DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 LA - de PB - Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Regionen und Tourismus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Declining Biodiversity in Agricultural Landscapes and the Effectiveness of Agri-Environment Schemes AU - Berendse, Frank AU - Chamberlain, Dan AU - Kleijn, David AU - Schekkerman, Hans T2 - Ambio AB - [Agricultural intensification, greatly accelerated as a result of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), has led to drastic reductions in the populations of many wild plant and animal species that used to be characteristic of farmland. In 1992, the EU provided the member states with its Agri-environment Regulation 2078/92 to help member states reverse these developments by means of agri-environment schemes. The question is: will the implementation of these schemes be sufficient to restore the biological diversity on farmland? Most studies that have examined the effectiveness of agri-environment schemes have focussed on farmland birds in Great Britain and The Netherlands. So far, the positive effects appear to be limited. Continuous evaluation and adaptation of these schemes is needed to enable the biodiversity on farmland to recover from the EU's former policy.] DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 VL - 33 IS - 8 SP - 499 EP - 502 SN - 00447447, 16547209 DB - JSTOR ER - TY - JOUR TI - Preserving permanent mountain grasslands in Western Europe: Why are promising approaches not implemented more widely? AU - Darnhofer, Ika AU - Schermer, Markus AU - Steinbacher, Melanie AU - Gabillet, Marine AU - Daugstad, Karoline T2 - Land Use Policy AB - To protect grasslands and maintain the ecosystem services they provide, many European countries have been offering agri-environment measures aimed at maintaining extensive grazing by cattle, sheep or goats. Yet, despite more than two decades of agri-environment measures, semi-natural mountain pastures are still seen as threatened by abandonment and subsequent shrub encroachment. Building on a three-round Delphi inquiry, we analyse the perception of a range of experts on how measures aimed at maintaining mountain grasslands are designed and implemented in Austria, France and Norway. Results show that the experts see the need for a stronger involvement of diverse regional actors, the need to increase the flexibility given to farmers in managing mountain grasslands, and the need to reconceptualise monitoring as a social learning process. While these approaches are implemented in some ‘best practice’ examples, they are not widespread. Understanding these approaches as requiring double-loop learning may contribute to explaining their limited spread. Indeed, they build on a radically different conceptualization of farmers and of researchers, and thus of how agri-environment measures need to be designed and implemented to be effective. Yet, such radical changes are likely to be resisted. DA - 2017/11// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.08.005 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 68 SP - 306 EP - 315 J2 - Land Use Policy LA - en SN - 02648377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impacts of voluntary agri-environmental measures on Austria's agriculture AU - Darnhofer, Ika AU - Schneeberger, Walter T2 - International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology DA - 2007/02/01/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.1504/IJARGE.2007.012842 VL - 6 SP - 360 EP - 377 J2 - International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology ER - TY - RPRT TI - Das Betriebsoptimierungssystem FAMOS (Farm Optimization System), AU - Schmid, E. CY - Wien DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 SN - Diskussionspa-pier DP-09-2004 N1 -issue: Diskussionspa-pier DP-09-2004
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phasing out of environmentally harmful subsidies: Consequences of the 2003 CAP reform AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Sinabell, Franz AU - Hofreither, Markus F. T2 - Ecological Economics DA - 2007/01// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.12.017 DP - CrossRef VL - 60 IS - 3 SP - 596 EP - 604 J2 - Ecol. Econ. SN - 09218009 N1 -number: 3
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Reduced Tillage Systems and Cover Crops on Sugar Beet Yield and Quality, Ground Water Recharge and Nitrogen Leaching in the Pannonic Region Marchfeld, Austria AU - Schmid, E. AU - Sinabell, F. AU - Liebhard, P. T2 - Pflanzenbauwissenschaften DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 9 N1 -number: 1
ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the choice of farm management practices after the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy in 2003 AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Sinabell, Franz T2 - Journal of Environmental Management DA - 2007/02// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.12.027 DP - CrossRef VL - 82 IS - 3 SP - 332 EP - 340 SN - 03014797 N1 -number: 3
ER - TY - CONF TI - Organic Farming and the New CAP - Results for the Austrian Agricultural Sector AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Sinabell, Franz T2 - Contributed Paper AB - In 2003, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been reformed and decoupling direct payments from farm output is one of its core elements. We estimate the likely responses in organic product supply due to the reform at regional and sectoral levels. In addition, we analyse how the new programme for rural development, to be implemented in 2007, might affect organic farming. Our results show that organic farming will become more attractive after the 2003 CAP reform in Austria. Our results support the view that interactions among agri-environmental measures affect farmers' choice to maintain, abandon or adopt organic farming practices. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 DO - 10.22004/ag.econ.24671 LA - en UR - http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/24671/files/cp05sc04.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Die Reform der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik der EU – Wichtige Konsequenzen für Österreichs Landwirtschaft AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Sinabell, Franz T2 - WIFO-Monatsberichte DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 VL - 6 SP - 425 EP - 440 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Barriers to the adoption of organic farming by cash-crop producers in Austria AU - Schneeberger, Walter AU - Darnhofer, Ika AU - Michael, Eder T2 - American Journal of Alternative Agriculture DA - 2002/03/01/ PY - 2002 DO - 10.1079/AJAA20017 VL - 17 SP - 24 EP - 31 J2 - American Journal of Alternative Agriculture ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analysing the maintenance and establishment of orchard meadows at farm and landscape levels applying a spatially explicit integrated modelling approach AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Schauppenlehner, Thomas AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Muhar, Andreas T2 - Journal of Environmental Planning and Management DA - 2011/01/01/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.1080/09640568.2010.502763 VL - 54 SP - 115 EP - 143 J2 - Journal of Environmental Planning and Management ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integration of bio-physical and economic models to analyze management intensity and landscape structure effects at farm and landscape level AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Schauppenlehner, Thomas AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Muhar, Andreas T2 - Methods and tools for integrated assessment of sustainability of agricultural systems and land use AB - We present an integrated spatially explicit land use modeling framework, which integrates two key components of agricultural systems, the bio-physical production system and the management system, by coupling the bio-economic farm optimization model FAMOS[space], the crop rotation model CropRota, and the bio-physical process model EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate). The integrated modeling framework has been developed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of selected agri-environmental program (AEP) measures. We also focus on the landscape development and therefore include a detailed representation of landscape elements such as fields or orchard meadows in our analysis. An indicator set represents all main environmental AEP objectives, i.e. preservation of water and soil resources, mitigation of climate change, protection of biodiversity, maintenance of cultural landscapes as well as farm income support. The integrated modeling framework is applied to 20 farms in the Austrian ‘Mostviertel’ region, which are selected from the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) of the European Union. The cost-effectiveness of AEP measures is assessed under different premium levels. The implementation of the AEP clearly affects environmental quality in a positive way. Nitrogen rates are reduced, landscape elements can be sustained, and the landscape becomes more diverse. The program also increases farm gross margins on average. However, the cost-effectiveness ratios (CER) are declining with increasing premium levels. The results indicate that the cost-effectiveness of AEP measures can be improved by spatial targeting. DA - 2011/02/01/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.agsy.2010.03.014 VL - 104 IS - 2 SP - 122 EP - 134 J2 - Agricultural Systems SN - 0308-521X N1 -number: 2
ER - TY - CHAP TI - Integrated Bio-Economic Farm Modeling for Biodiversity Assessment at Landscape Level AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Schauppenlehner, Thomas AU - Schmid, E. T2 - Bio-Economic Models applied to Agricultural Systems A2 - Flichman, Guillermo CY - Dortrecht, Deutschland DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 SN - 978-94-007-1902-6 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1902-6_10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effort for money? Farmers' rationale for participation in agri-environment measures with different implementation complexity AU - Van Herzele, Ann AU - Gobin, Anne AU - Van Gossum, Peter AU - Acosta, Lilibeth AU - Waas, Tom AU - Dendoncker, Nicolas AU - Henry de Frahan, Bruno T2 - Journal of Environmental Management AB - European agri-environment programmes are based on the common principle that farmers deliver environmental services for which society pays. Due to the voluntary nature of agri-environment measures (AEM), the issue of farmers’ motives or reasons for participation has been an important topic of investigation in past years. The present paper examines farmers’ rationale for participation in AEM against the backdrop of continued debate over whether to develop relatively simple measures that can be readily applied by many farmers or give greater priority to measures that are more targeted e i.e. to the specific management requirement of particular habitats or species e but are often more complex. The paper draws on empirical material from a case study in the Dyle valley, Belgium, including in-depth interviews, expert consultations and a mail survey. It was sought not only to identify and quantify the importance of separate reasons for participation, but also to reveal how these reasons and other elements of relevance were logically interrelated in the explanation that farmers themselves give for their participation. As a result, six modes or styles of participation were identified: opportunistic, calculative, compensatory, optimising, catalysing and engaged. The analyses suggest that there were notable differences in that both separate reasons for and modes of participation do vary with the complexity of the measures’ requirements. Overall, the study demonstrates that participation in AEM is not simply a matter of weighing the money against the effort for adoption. Whereas money is an important driver for participation (in particular, for those adopting complex AEM) it plays widely differing roles depending on the level of farmers’ reasoning (farm enterprise, single practice or landscape feature) and the importance they give to other considerations (environmental effect, production potential of land, goodness of fit, etc.). Practical implications are drawn for both policy makers and programme managers who develop and make available tailor-made support. DA - 2013/12// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.030 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 131 SP - 110 EP - 120 J2 - Journal of Environmental Management LA - en SN - 03014797 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urban organic farming in Austria with the concept of "Selbsternte" (’self-harvest‘): An agronomic and socio-economic analysis AU - Vogl, Christian R. AU - Vogl, Christian R. AU - Axmann, Paul AU - Vogl-Lukasser, Brigitte T2 - Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems DA - 2004/06/01/ PY - 2004 DO - 10.1079/RAFS200062 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 67 EP - 79 J2 - Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems LA - en SN - 17421705, 00000000 N1 -number: 2
ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluierung des Österreichischen Agrar-Umweltprogramms ÖPUL – Nationaler Detailbericht 2019 AU - BAB CY - Wien DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - Bundesanstalt für Agrarwirtschaft und Bergbauernfragen ER - TY - JOUR TI - Entwurf für die SWOT Analyse, Arbeitspapier zur Erstellung des Österreichischen GAP-Strategieplans AU - BMLRT DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 UR - https://www.bmlrt.gv.at/land/eu-agrarpolitik-21-27/nationaler-strategieplan/swot.htmlM Y2 - 2021/03/04/ ER - TY - ELEC TI - Online-Stakeholder-Dialog zur Arbeit am GAP-Strategieplan AU - BMLRT AB - Zur Vorstellung und Diskussion des aktuellen Status Quo im Rahmen der Erarbeitung des österreichischen GAP-Strategieplans lud Bundesministerin Elisabeth Köstinger am 24. November zu einem Online-Stakeholder-Dialog ein, bei dem sie sich gemeinsam mit den Expertinnen und Experten des Bundesministeriums für Landwirtschaft, Regionen und Tourismus (BMLRT) einer Diskussion mit den Stakeholdern stellte. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 UR - https://www.bmlrt.gv.at/land/eu-agrarpolitik-21-27/nationaler-strategieplan/beteiligungsprozess/online-stakeholder-dialog-gap-strategieplan.html; Y2 - 2021/03/06/ ER - TY - ELEC TI - OECD Companion to the Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels 2015 AU - OECD AB - OECD's dissemination platform for all published content - books, serials and statistics DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 LA - en UR - https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/energy/oecd-companion-to-the-inventory-of-support-measures-for-fossil-fuels-2015_9789264239616-en Y2 - 2020/07/08/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Subventionen und Steuern mit Umweltrelevanz in den Bereichen Energie und Verkehr AU - Kletzan-Slamanig, Daniela AU - Köppl, Angela AB - Die Untersuchung von Subventionen mit potentiell negativen Umwelteffekten in Österreich konzentriert sich ausgehend von einer Literaturstudie auf direkte Subventionen bzw. steuerliche Maßnahmen in den Bereichen Energieerzeugung, Energienutzung und Verkehr. Der Bereich Wohnen wird aufgrund seiner Wechselwirkungen mit der Energienutzung und dem Verkehr mit einbezogen. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - ideas.repec.org LA - en UR - https://ideas.repec.org/b/wfo/wstudy/58641.html Y2 - 2020/08/21/ N1 -container-title: WIFO Studies
ER - TY - JOUR TI - How Large Are Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies? AU - Coady, David AU - Parry, Ian AU - Sears, Louis AU - Shang, Baoping T2 - World Development AB - This paper estimates fossil fuel subsidies and the economic and environmental benefits from reforming them, focusing mostly on a broad notion of subsidies arising when consumer prices are below supply costs plus environmental costs and general consumption taxes. Estimated subsidies are $4.9 trillion worldwide in 2013 and $5.3 trillion in 2015 (6.5% of global GDP in both years). Undercharging for global warming accounts for 22% of the subsidy in 2013, air pollution 46%, broader vehicle externalities 13%, supply costs 11%, and general consumer taxes 8%. China was the biggest subsidizer in 2013 ($1.8 trillion), followed by the United States ($0.6 trillion), and Russia, the European Union, and India (each with about $0.3 trillion). Eliminating subsidies would have reduced global carbon emissions in 2013 by 21% and fossil fuel air pollution deaths 55%, while raising revenue of 4%, and social welfare by 2.2%, of global GDP. DA - 2017/03/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.10.004 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 91 SP - 11 EP - 27 J2 - World Development LA - en SN - 0305-750X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Quantifying the potential for climate change mitigation of consumption options AU - Ivanova, Diana AU - Barrett, John AU - Wiedenhofer, Dominik AU - Macura, Biljana AU - Callaghan, Max W AU - Creutzig, Felix T2 - Environmental Research Letters DA - 2020/04/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/ab8589 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) J2 - Environ. Res. Lett. LA - en SN - 1748-9326 UR - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8589 Y2 - 2020/05/26/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Consumer strategies towards a more sustainable food system: insights from Switzerland AU - Frehner, A AU - De Boer, IJM AU - Muller, A AU - Van Zanten, HHE AU - Schader, C T2 - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition AB - ABSTRACT Background To improve the sustainability performance of food systems, both consumption- and production-side changes are needed. Objectives To this end, we assessed multiple sustainability impacts of 6 consumer strategies together with production-side aspects such as organic and circularity principles for Switzerland. Methods Two strategies encompassed dietary changes: following a pescetarian diet and adhering to the national dietary guidelines. Two strategies employed alternative farming systems: increasing the share of organic production and, in addition, applying the circularity principle of avoiding feed-food competition by limiting livestock feed to low-opportunity-cost biomass. A fifth strategy reduced food waste. The sixth strategy increased the share of domestic produce. For all strategies, we assessed greenhouse gas emissions, land use, nitrogen surplus, social risks, diet quality, and diet costs. Results The strategies revealed trade-offs between impact categories, unless combined in a synergistic way. Whereas dietary changes towards more plant-based diets reduced environmental impacts (≤51%) and increased diet quality (≤57%), they increased social risks due to increased sourcing from contexts with potentially bad labor conditions (≤19%). Further, when the share of organic produce was increased, land use and dietary costs were increased (≤33% and ≤42%, respectively). The effect on land use could, however, be reversed when circularity principles were introduced in addition to the organic production standard, resulting in reductions for all environmental indicators (≤75%). Reducing food waste and increasing the share of domestic produce led to better sustainability performance as well, but at lower orders of magnitude. Conclusions Combining all proposed strategies could lead to substantial favorable changes on all impact categories assessed, but would require a thorough transformation of the current food system. However, the sum of individual consumers each following only 1 of the strategies proposed would make an important contribution towards improving the sustainability performance of the Swiss food system. DA - 2022/04/01/ PY - 2022 DO - 10.1093/ajcn/nqab401 VL - 115 IS - 4 SP - 1039 EP - 1047 J2 - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition SN - 0002-9165 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating the environmental impacts of dietary recommendations AU - Behrens, Paul AU - Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica C. AU - Bosker, Thijs AU - Rodrigues, João F. D. AU - de Koning, Arjan AU - Tukker, Arnold T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences AB - Nationally recommended diets are a prominent method for informing the public on dietary choices. Although dietary choices drive both health and environmental outcomes, these diets make almost no reference to environmental impacts. Our study provides a comparison between the environmental impacts of average dietary intakes and a nation-specific recommended diet across 37 middle- and high-income nations. We find that following a nationally recommended diet in high-income nations results in a reduction in greenhouse gases, eutrophication, and land use. In upper-middle–income nations, we find a smaller reduction in impacts, and in lower-middle–income nations we find a substantial increase. The net result from large-scale adoption of nationally recommended diets for countries studied here results in a reduction in environmental impacts.Dietary choices drive both health and environmental outcomes. Information on diets come from many sources, with nationally recommended diets (NRDs) by governmental or similar advisory bodies the most authoritative. Little or no attention is placed on the environmental impacts within NRDs. Here we quantify the impact of nation-specific NRDs, compared with an average diet in 37 nations, representing 64% of global population. We focus on greenhouse gases (GHGs), eutrophication, and land use because these have impacts reaching or exceeding planetary boundaries. We show that compared with average diets, NRDs in high-income nations are associated with reductions in GHG, eutrophication, and land use from 13.0 to 24.8%, 9.8 to 21.3%, and 5.7 to 17.6%, respectively. In upper-middle–income nations, NRDs are associated with slight decrease in impacts of 0.8–12.2%, 7.7–19.4%, and 7.2–18.6%. In poorer middle-income nations, impacts increase by 12.4–17.0%, 24.5–31.9%, and 8.8–14.8%. The reduced environmental impact in high-income countries is driven by reductions in calories (∼54% of effect) and a change in composition (∼46%). The increased environmental impacts of NRDs in low- and middle-income nations are associated with increased intake in animal products. Uniform adoption of NRDs across these nations would result in reductions of 0.19–0.53 Gt CO2 eq⋅a−1, 4.32–10.6 Gt PO43− eq⋅a−1, and 1.5–2.8 million km2, while providing the health cobenefits of adopting an NRD. As a small number of dietary guidelines are beginning to incorporate more general environmental concerns, we anticipate that this work will provide a standardized baseline for future work to optimize recommended diets further. DA - 2017/11/29/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1711889114 SP - 201711889 J2 - Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmental footprint of meat consumption of cats and dogs AU - Leenstra, Ferry AU - Vellinga, T. AU - Bessei, W. T2 - Lohman Information 2018/01 DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 UR - https://lohmann-breeders.com/lohmanninfo/environmental-footprint-of-meat-consumption-of-cats-and-dogs/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sustainable food consumption: An overview of contemporary issues and policies AU - Reisch, Lucia A. AU - Eberle, Ulrike AU - Lorek, Sylvia T2 - Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy AB - Contemporary food production and consumption cannot be regarded as sustainable and raises problems with its wide scope involving diverse actors. Moreover, in the face of demographic change and a growing global population, sus-tainability problems arising from food systems will likely become more serious in the future. For example, agricultural production must deal with the impacts of climate change, increasingly challenging land-use conflicts, and rising health and social costs on both individual and societal levels. The unsustainability of current arrangements arises from the industrialization and globalization of agriculture and food processing, the shift of consumption patterns toward more dietary animal protein, the emergence of modern food styles that entail heavily processed products, the growing gap on a global scale between rich and poor, and the paradoxical lack of food security amid an abundance of food. These factors are attributable to national and international policies and regulations, as well as to prevalent business prac-tices and, in particular, consumers' values and habits. The most effective ways for affluent societies to reduce the environmental impact of their diets are to reduce consumption of meat and dairy products (especially beef), to favor organic fruits and vegetables, and to avoid goods that have been transported by air on both individual and institutional levels (e.g., public procurement, public catering). In examining the unsustainability of the current food system this article reviews the pertinent literature to derive a working definition of sustainable food consumption, outlines the major issues and impacts of current food-consumption practices, and discusses various policy interventions, including information-based instruments, market-based initiatives, direct regulations, and "nudges." It concludes with a call for integrative, cross-sectoral, and population-wide policies that address the full range of drivers of unsustainable food production and consumption. © 2013 Reisch et al. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1080/15487733.2013.11908111 VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 7 EP - 25 SN - 15487733 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Sustainable Consumption Policies Effectiveness Evaluation (SCOPE2). Final Report AU - Tukker, Arnold AU - Diaz Lopez, Fernando Javier AU - Lindt, M AU - Mont, Oksana AU - Lorek, Sylvia AU - Spaneberg, J AU - Giljum, Stefan DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nachhaltiger Konsum und soziale Ungleichheit AU - Brunner, Karl-Michael T2 - AK-Wien, Abteilung KonsumentInnenpolitik T3 - Working Papers Verbraucherpolitik Verbraucherforschung DA - 2014/02// PY - 2014 DP - Zotero SP - 24 LA - de SN - 2218-2764 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Over-indebtedness as a marker of socioeconomic status and its association with obesity: a cross-sectional study AU - Münster, Eva AU - Rüger, Heiko AU - Ochsmann, Elke AU - Letzel, Stephan AU - Toschke, André M T2 - BMC Public Health AB - Background: The recent credit crunch will have implications for private households. Low socioeconomic status is associated to various diseases. While income, education and occupational status is frequently used in definitions of socioeconomic status, over-indebtedness of private households is usually not considered. Over-indebtedness is currently increasing in high-income countries. However, its association with health – particularly with obesity – remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess an association between over-indebtedness and overweight or obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study on over-indebtedness and health including 949 over-indebted subjects from 2006 and 2007 in Rhineland-Palatinate and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Germany) and the telephonic health survey 2003 of the Robert Koch-Institute including 8318 subjects, who are representative for the German population, were analysed with adjusted logistic regression considering overweight (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) as response variable. Results: After adjusting for socio-economic (age, sex, education, income) and health factors (depression, smoking habits) an independent effect of the over-indebt situation on the probability of overweight (aOR 1.97 95%-CI 1.65–2.35) and obesity (aOR 2.56 95%-CI 2.07–3.16) could be identified. Conclusion: Over-indebtedness was associated with an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity that was not explained by traditional definitions of socioeconomic status. Overindebtedness should be additionally considered when assessing health effects of socioeconomic status. DA - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-9-286 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 286 J2 - BMC Public Health LA - en SN - 1471-2458 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond Technology: Demand-Side Solutions for Climate Change Mitigation AU - Creutzig, Felix AU - Fernandez, Blanca AU - Haberl, Helmut AU - Khosla, Radhika AU - Mulugetta, Yacob AU - Seto, Karen C. T2 - Annual Review of Environment and Resources AB - The assessment literature on climate change solutions to date has emphasized technologies and options based on cost-effectiveness analysis. However, many solutions to climate change mitigation misalign with such analytical frameworks. Here, we examine demand-side solutions, a crucial class of mitigation options that go beyond technological specification and cost-benefit analysis. To do so, we synthesize demand-side mitigation options in the urban, building, transport, and agricultural sectors. We also highlight the specific nature of demand-side solutions in the context of development. We then discuss key analytical considerations to integrate demand-side options into overarching assessments on mitigation. Such a framework would include infrastructure solutions that interact with endogenous preference formation. Both hard infrastructures, such as the built environment, and soft infrastructures, such as habits and norms, shape behavior and as a consequence offer significant potential for reducing overall energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. We conclude that systemic infrastructural and behavioral change will likely be a necessary component of a transition to a low-carbon society. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085428 DP - Annual Reviews VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 173 EP - 198 N1 -number: 1
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085428
volume: 7
ER - TY - CASE TI - Bundesgesetz über die Steigerung der Energieeffizienz bei Unternehmen und dem Bund AU - EEffG DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 VL - 72/2014 UR - https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20008914 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ambivalence towards meat AU - Berndsen, Mariëtte AU - Van Der Pligt, Joop T2 - Appetite AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine whether differences in ambivalence between meat eaters affect their attitude towards eating meat, the belief structure underlying these attitudes, meat consumption, and intentions to reduce consumption in the future. Not surprisingly, more ambivalent meat eaters held a less positive attitude towards meat as compared to less ambivalent meat eaters. Moreover, the belief structure of the two groups also differed: More ambivalent persons associated the consumption of meat with slightly negative feelings, morally unacceptable issues, and risks for both their health and the environment. In contrast, less ambivalent meat eaters reported positive affective beliefs, did not emphasize moral issues, and perceived less risk. Results highlight the role of affective beliefs as a predictor of both attitude and ambivalence. Ambivalence, in turn, was a predictor of actual meat consumption; i.e. increased ambivalence was related to reduced meat consumption. Moreover, more ambivalent meat eaters intended to further reduce their meat consumption in the future. Practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00119-3 VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 71 EP - 78 SN - 01956663 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Promoting change in meat consumption among the elderly: Factual and prefactual framing of health and well-being AU - Bertolotti, Mauro AU - Chirchiglia, Giorgia AU - Catellani, Patrizia T2 - Appetite AB - Messages aimed at changing eating habits of the elderly are often not persuasive. In two studies, we tested the hypothesis that the persuasiveness of messages regarding the effects of meat consumption on health versus well-being would depend on their factual versus prefactual (‘if \ldots then \ldots ') framing. Different groups of elderly participants were presented with different versions of a message describing the possible negative effects of excessive meat consumption. Results of a preliminary study showed that messages about the effects of meat consumption on health and well-being induced a different regulatory concern in recipients, safety and growth concerns respectively. Results of the two main studies then showed that messages about health/safety had stronger effects on participants' involvement, attitudes, and intentions to change eating behaviour when framed in factual rather than prefactual terms. Conversely, messages about well-being/growth had stronger effects when framed in prefactual rather than factual terms. Discussion focuses on how the appropriate framing of messages about meat consumption can effectively promote changes in eating habits of elderly people. DA - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/J.APPET.2016.02.150 VL - 106 SP - 37 EP - 47 SN - 0195-6663 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Consumer Response to Negative Information on Meat Consumption in Germany AU - Cordts, Anette AU - Nitzko, Sina AU - Spiller, Achim T2 - International Food and Agribusiness Management Review DA - 2014/03// PY - 2014 VL - 17 SP - 83 EP - 106 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Communicating the climate impacts of meat consumption: The effect of values and message framing AU - Graham, Thomas AU - Abrahamse, Wokje T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - Meat production for human consumption has serious environmental implications and contributes significantly to climate change. Changing people's food choices is an important step towards reducing human impacts on the climate. Previous research shows that self-enhancement (i.e. self-interest) and self-transcendence (i.e. altruism) values are related to meat consumption. This study examined the effectiveness of the provision of information about climate impacts of meat consumption in influencing concern about these climate impacts of meat consumption, attitudes towards eating meat and behavioural intentions in a New Zealand sample (N=848). Further, the study examined whether framing the message to align with people's value sets would enhance the information's effectiveness in affecting concern, attitudes and intentions. Survey participants were randomly assigned to a no-information control group, a message targeting self-enhancement values, or a message targeting self-transcendence values. Results indicated that the information provision was associated with significantly higher levels of concern about the climate impacts of meat consumption and significantly lower intentions to eat meat, but it did not affect attitudes towards meat consumption. However, the framing of the message did affect attitudes towards meat consumption, depending on existing values. Implications of this research can be applied to future climate change communication campaigns, through the use of targeted, value-congruent information. DA - 2017/05// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/J.GLOENVCHA.2017.03.004 VL - 44 SP - 98 EP - 108 SN - 0959-3780 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unsustainable, unhealthy, or disgusting? Comparing different persuasive messages against meat consumption AU - Palomo-Vélez, Gonzalo AU - Tybur, Joshua M. AU - van Vugt, Mark T2 - Journal of Environmental Psychology AB - Excessive meat consumption is associated with a range of environmental problems. In this investigation, we examined the effectiveness of three types of persuasive messages posited to affect attitudes toward meat consumption. The first two messages contained health and environment-related appeals (e.g., the moral consequences of environmental degradation and animal welfare), which are commonly used in campaigns aimed at meat reduction. A third kind of message – one that is less frequently applied in meat-consumption campaigns – follows from research suggesting that meat aversions are acquired via the emotion disgust. Results across three studies – and a meta-analysis of these studies – suggest that disgust-oriented persuasive messages are more effective than health-oriented messages, and they are at least as effective as moral (i.e., animal welfare) messages in influencing meat attitudes. The practical implications for campaigns to reduce meat consumption are being discussed. DA - 2018/08// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/J.JENVP.2018.08.002 VL - 58 SP - 63 EP - 71 SN - 0272-4944 N1 -publisher: Academic Press
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Food waste matters - A systematic review of household food waste practices and their policy implications AU - Schanes, Karin AU - Dobernig, Karin AU - Gözet, Burcu T2 - Journal of Cleaner Production AB - In recent years, food waste has received growing interest from local, national and European policymakers, international organisations, NGOs as well as academics from various disciplinary fields. Increasing concerns about food security and environmental impacts, such as resource depletion and greenhouse gas emissions attributed to food waste, have intensified attention to the topic. While food waste occurs in all stages of the food supply chain, private households have been identified as key actors in food waste generation. However, the evidence on why food waste occurs remains scattered. This paper maps the still small but expanding academic territory of consumer food waste by systematically reviewing empirical studies on food waste practices as well as distilling factors that foster and impede the generation of food waste on the household level. Moreover, we briefly discuss the contributions of different social ontologies, more particularly psychology-related approaches and social practice theory. The analysis reveals food waste as a complex and multi-faceted issue that cannot be attributed to single variables; this also calls for a stronger integration of different disciplinary perspectives. Mapping the determinants of waste generation deepens the understanding of household practices and helps design food waste prevention strategies. Finally, we link the identified factors with a set of policy, business, and retailer options. DA - 2018/05// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.030 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 182 SP - 978 EP - 991 J2 - Journal of Cleaner Production LA - en SN - 09596526 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How effective are messages and their characteristics in changing behavioural intentions to substitute plant-based foods for red meat? The mediating role of prior beliefs AU - Vainio, Annukka AU - Irz, Xavier AU - Hartikainen, Hanna T2 - Appetite AB - By means of a population-based survey experiment, we analysed the effectiveness of two message characteristics – message framing and the refutation of misinformation – in persuading respondents to reduce their consumption of red meat and increase that of plant-based alternatives. We also tested whether the effects of those two message characteristics were moderated by prior beliefs about the health and climate impacts of red meat consumption. The data were collected with an online survey of the adult population living in Finland (N = 1279). We found that messages had a small but desired effect on intentions when the effect of prior beliefs was taken into account, but that that effect was strongly moderated by prior beliefs. In particular, messages changed behavioural intentions among the “meat-sceptics” (i.e., those believing relatively strongly in the negative health and climate effects of meat consumption) but not among the “meat believers” (defined symmetrically). The combination of frames and refutation of misinformation were not found to be more effective strategies than the provision of information through single-framed, one-sided messages. We found limited evidence that the way a message was formulated determined its effectiveness in changing behaviours. DA - 2018/06// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/J.APPET.2018.02.002 VL - 125 SP - 217 EP - 224 SN - 0195-6663 N1 -publisher: Academic Press
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Strategies for promoting healthier food choices AU - Downs, Julie S. AU - Loewenstein, George AU - Wisdom, Jessica T2 - American Economic Review DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1257/aer.99.2.159 VL - 99 IS - 2 SP - 159 EP - 164 SN - 00028282 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards environmentally sustainable human behaviour: Targeting non-conscious and conscious processes for effective and acceptable policies AU - Marteau, Theresa M. T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences AB - Meeting climate change targets to limit global warming to 2°C requires rapid and large reductions in demand for products that most contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These include production of bulk materials (e.g. steel and cement), energy supply (e.g. fossil fuels) and animal source foods (particularly ruminants and their products). Effective strategies to meet these targets require transformative changes in supply as well as demand, involving changes in economic, political and legal systems at local, national and international levels, building on evidence from many disciplines. This paper outlines contributions from behavioural science in reducing demand. Grounded in dualprocess models of human behaviour (involving non-conscious and conscious processes) this paper considers first why interventions aimed at changing population values towards the environment are usually insufficient or unnecessary for reducing demand although they may be important in increasing public acceptability of policies that could reduce demand. It then outlines two sets of evidence from behavioural science towards effective systems-based strategies, to identify interventions likely to be effective at: (i) reducing demand for products that contribute most to GHG emissions, mainly targeting non-conscious processes and (ii) increasing public acceptability for policy changes to enable these interventions, targeting conscious processes. This article is part of the themed issue 'Material demand reduction'. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1098/rsta.2016.0371 VL - 375 IS - 2095 SN - 1364503X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Call for testing interventions to prevent consumer food waste AU - Stöckli, Sabrina AU - Niklaus, Eva AU - Dorn, Michael T2 - Resources, Conservation and Recycling AB - Over the last decade, practitioners have implemented various interventions against consumer food waste. In contrast, academics have only just started to examine how to prevent consumer food waste. This review synthesizes practical and academic evidence on anti-consumer-food-waste interventions. The basis for this synthesis was a systematic framework of antecedent interventions (informational intervention, prompts, modeling (social norms), commitment) and consequence interventions (feedback, rewards, penalties) that we have drawn from general behavioral change and intervention research. This review shows that (1) informational interventions are the most commonly used intervention type even though evidence indicates that this intervention type is relatively ineffective, and (2) there is a lack of evidence of the effectiveness of anti-consumer-food-waste interventions. With reference to general behavioral change and intervention literature, we suggest that (1) intervention types other than informational interventions should be considered, and (2) anti-consumer-food-waste interventions should be evaluated in a systematic manner; that is, by using a framework with standardized definitions and measurement methods that addresses specific behaviors and change processes and that allows accurate identification of short-term and long-term effects. Overall, this review outlines current conceptual and methodological challenges and sets an agenda for implementing effective anti-consumer-food-waste interventions. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.03.029 VL - 136 IS - June SP - 445 EP - 462 SN - 18790658 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards reduced meat consumption: A systematic literature review of intervention effectiveness, 2001–2019 AU - Kwasny, Tatjana AU - Dobernig, Karin AU - Riefler, Petra T2 - Appetite AB - A reduction of meat consumption and shift to plant-based diets, especially in industrialized countries, is acknowledged as crucial for reaching climate targets, addressing public health problems, and protecting animal welfare. While scholarly research distilled drivers of meat consumption and barriers to its reduction, insights into the effectiveness of measures to initiate such a profound change in consumer behaviour are relatively scarce. This paper presents a systematic literature review on consumption-side interventions in the context of meat consumption across scholarly disciplines. Our analysis confirms that existing research predominantly assessed interventions addressing personal factors of behavioural change such as knowledge and emotions. Whether these interventions are effective depends on whether information (i) is provided on health, animal welfare or environmental effects, (ii) is emotionally or cognitively framed, and (iii) is aligned with consumers’ information needs. Moreover, linking meat to living animals or to the humanness of animals activates negative emotions and, thus, reduces meat consumption. Further, increasing the visibility and variety of vegetarian dishes in food environments decreases meat-eating. Also, educational courses on how to shop and cook vegetarian food are effective in reducing meat consumption. There is less evidence on the effectiveness of interventions addressing socio-cultural factors such as social norms. Regarding future research directions, existing research mainly investigated the influence of interventions on attitudes and behavioural intentions. Hence, there is still a need for studies to assess more long-term effects of intervention measures on actual meat consumption and their potential to initiate fundamental changes in dietary habits. DA - 2022/01/01/ PY - 2022 DO - 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105739 VL - 168 SP - 105739 J2 - Appetite SN - 0195-6663 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tailored information helps people progress towards reducing their beef consumption AU - Klöckner, Christian A. AU - Ofstad, Sunita Prugsamatz T2 - Journal of Environmental Psychology AB - Stage-based theories of behavior change predict that people should have a different need for information in various stages. We tested this assumption in three studies on reduction of beef consumption on Norwegian samples. An information website was developed providing information on why and how to reduce beef consumption. In Study 1 (N=389), user behavior on this website was analyzed depending on the stage of change. It was found that people try to self-tailor the information, but do not fully succeed. In Study 2 (N=869) and Study 3 (N=3508) a randomized field experiment was conducted, comparing the effect of giving access to the section of the website matching the stage, to a control group with no access, a group with access to all information, and a group with a randomly selected stage-mismatched information. The tailored information outperformed the other conditions significantly. For reduction of beef consumption itself, the results were inconclusive. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.01.006 VL - 50 SP - 24 EP - 36 SN - 15229610 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Explaining and promoting household food waste-prevention by an environmental psychological based intervention study AU - Schmidt, Karolin T2 - Resources, Conservation and Recycling AB - Household food waste greatly contributes to global environmental issues, such as climate change or extensive use of restricted natural resources (water, land etc.). Therefore, an intervention study was conducted to promote household food waste-prevention in a sample of German households (N = 217). By integrating so far identified perceptual, motivational and behavioral predictors, a comprehensive theoretical framework to explain household food waste-prevention was initially developed. Based on this framework, an appropriate intervention strategy was derived consisting of providing action knowledge, using a public commitment- and a goal setting-technique. Thereby, the main objective of the study was to increase the likelihood of household food waste-prevention in the participating households by improving household members' performance of relevant food waste-preventing behaviors (e.g. planning grocery shopping in advance). Based on a 2 × 2-control group design, results indicated the effectiveness of the chosen intervention strategy by revealing a stronger improvement of self-reported performances of the recorded food waste-preventing behaviors in the experimental group compared to the control group four weeks following its implementation. Thus, the present intervention study not only provides several entry points for various environmental psychological based intervention strategies to promote household food waste-prevention but also delivers empirical indications for their behavioral effectiveness. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.04.006 VL - 111 SP - 53 EP - 66 SN - 18790658 N1 -ISBN: 0921-3449$\backslash$r1879-0658
publisher: Elsevier B.V.
PMID: 610006730
number: 6
ISBN: 1479-1838
number: 1
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Establishment and embedding of innovation brokers at different innovation system levels: Insights from the Dutch agricultural sector AU - Klerkx, Laurens AU - Leeuwis, Cees T2 - Technological Forecasting and Social Change AB - In the systems perspective on innovation, co-operation between several different types of actors is seen as key to successful innovation. Due to the existence of several gaps that hinder such effective co-operation, the scientific and policy literature persistently points at the need for intermediary organizations to fulfill bridging and brokerage roles. This paper aims to provide an overview of the insights from the literature on such ‘innovation brokers’, and to contribute to the literature by distilling lines of enquiry and providing insights on one of the lines identified. Taking as an empirical basis experiences with different types of innovation brokers that have emerged in the Dutch agricultural sector, it identifies a number of tensions with regard to the establishment and embedding of such organizations. The paper indicates that, despite being perceived to have a catalyzing effect on innovation, innovation brokers have difficulty in becoming embedded as their clients and/or financiers find it difficult to grasp the nature and value of their activities. DA - 2009/07// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1016/j.techfore.2008.10.001 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 76 IS - 6 SP - 849 EP - 860 J2 - Technological Forecasting and Social Change LA - en SN - 00401625 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Designing agroecological farming systems with farmers: A review AU - Lacombe, Camille AU - Couix, Nathalie AU - Hazard, Laurent T2 - Agricultural Systems AB - Agroecology is a new paradigm whose aim is to redesign farming systems. The implementation of its principles engages farmers in a radical transformation of their practices, their way of reasoning and their participation in local knowledge production and innovation processes. Acknowledgement of this transformation now frequently leads researchers to invite farmers and other stakeholders to participate in research projects on the design of innovative farming systems. However, the objective of their involvement and the role farmers play in such projects is rarely made explicit and can range from simple knowledge providers to co-designers. Here we review the role of farmers and other stakeholders in such participatory research projects, and its impact on their learning and engagement in the local transformation of farming systems. Using a framework based on design theories, we analyzed thirty-nine papers on the design of innovative farming systems in which farmers and other stakeholders were involved. We identified five main co-design approaches to the design of agroecological farming systems: “De-novo design”, “Case-study design”, “Niche innovation design”, “Co-innovation”, and “Activity centered design”. Despite this diversity, if researchers aim to promote the development of agroecology, there a still need to better link researcher-oriented approaches and support-oriented approaches, to design local set-ups that will help farmers and other stakeholders in the long term process of redesigning farming systems. In terms of design methodologies, this means sharing project leadership with farmers and organizing co-design locally to better bridge the gap between thinking and doing. This means better accounting for the singularities of farmers' situations and of the local activity system to be transformed. This paper should help researchers choose their participatory methodologies better with respect to both to their transformational and scientific goals, when organizing participatory projects to support the development of agroecological farming systems. DA - 2018/09// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.agsy.2018.06.014 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 165 SP - 208 EP - 220 J2 - Agricultural Systems LA - en SN - 0308521X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Moving beyond entrepreneurial skills: Key factors driving entrepreneurial learning in multifunctional agriculture AU - Seuneke, Pieter AU - Lans, Thomas AU - Wiskerke, Johannes S.C. T2 - Journal of Rural Studies AB - It is widely acknowledged that, next to sound craftsmanship and management, farmers increasingly need entrepreneurship if they are to survive in modern agriculture. This is reflected by an increasing number of studies focusing on entrepreneurship in agriculture. While much work in this comprehensive body of literature focuses on entrepreneurial skills, relatively little attention has been paid to the learning process leading to the development of these skills. This paper therefore explores that learning process and focuses on the context of multifunctional agriculture. Our investigation was guided by the recently developed concept of entrepreneurial learning and particularly focussed on finding out which factors underlie the entrepreneurial learning process in this specific context. Empirical work done in six different multifunctional farms in the Netherlands revealed three major factors driving entrepreneurial learning: 1) re-developing an entrepreneurial identity, 2) crossing the boundaries of agriculture and 3) opening up the family farm. Crucial to understanding these factors is the challenging process of transition from production-oriented to multifunctional farming. A perceived productivist norm, created by decades of post-war agricultural modernisation, was found to make entrepreneurial learning in this context far from self-evident. This paper contributes by bringing the entrepreneurial learning process to light and demonstrating its complexity in a specific context. Based on our findings, we argue that the debate on entrepreneurship in agriculture needs to move beyond its current focus on entrepreneurial skills. The concept of entrepreneurial learning provides a useful framework in this respect. Further to its theoretical relevance, this paper ultimately supports practitioners in finding inroads into fostering entrepreneurship in multifunctional agriculture. DA - 2013/10// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.06.001 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 32 SP - 208 EP - 219 J2 - Journal of Rural Studies LA - en SN - 07430167 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Regionale bäuerliche Produkte und der EU-Markenschutz: geschützte geographische Bezeichnungen in Österreich im Kontext nachhaltiger Regionalentwicklung AU - Groier, Michael T2 - Facts and features/Bundesanstalt für Bergbauernfragen CY - Wien DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN SP - 34 LA - de M1 - 38 PB - Bundesanst. für Bergbauernfragen SN - 978-3-85311-086-7 ST - Regionale bäuerliche Produkte und der EU-Markenschutz ER - TY - JOUR TI - Consumers' preferences for carbon labels and the underlying reasoning. A mixed methods approach in 6 European countries AU - Feucht, Yvonne AU - Zander, Katrin T2 - Journal of Cleaner Production AB - The present research explores whether carbon labels are an appropriate and effective tool for increasing climate-friendly food consumption in Europe. Using a mixed methods approach which combines choice experiments and a questionnaire with qualitative face-to-face interviews, the preferences and willingness to pay for carbon labels and claimed climate-friendliness are explored in six European countries. Our results show that the presence of a carbon label increases the purchase probability and that consumers are willing to pay a price premium of up to 20% for a carbon label in all countries included in the investigation. Regarding the design of a carbon label, a combination of a horizontal scale in traffic light like colors with an absolute number of CO2-equivalents is preferred. But consumers are willing to pay higher price premiums for local products than for carbon labeled products in most study countries. They tend to subsume climate-friendliness together with local and/or organic production under the umbrella terms 'eco-friendly' and 'ethical behavior'. Since they lack knowledge and problem awareness with respect to climate-friendly consumption, consumers are frequently overstrained with respect to climatefriendly buying decisions. Consumers expect policy makers and retailers to set up appropriate structures to support climate-friendly consumption. Given this, the contribution of a carbon label to a more climatefriendly consumption might be limited without the structural support of policy makers and retailers. DA - 2018/03// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.236 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 178 SP - 740 EP - 748 J2 - Journal of Cleaner Production LA - en SN - 09596526 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Local versus global food consumption: the role of brand authenticity AU - Riefler, Petra T2 - Journal of Consumer Marketing AB - Purpose – This paper aims at investigating the contemporary trend toward regional consumption from the perspective of consumers’ search for brand authenticity. In particular, the paper joins literature on brand authenticity from the marketing literature and literature on the local food movement to investigate consumers’ response to authenticity claims in the competition of local and global food brands. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1108/JCM-02-2019-3086 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 317 EP - 327 J2 - JCM LA - en SN - 0736-3761, 0736-3761 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Einsatz von regionalen Qualitätslebensmitteln in der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung AU - Gruber, Anita AU - Holler, Claus DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Zotero SP - 34 LA - de ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon Label at a University Restaurant – Label Implementation and Evaluation AU - Brunner, Florentine AU - Kurz, Verena AU - Bryngelsson, David AU - Hedenus, Fredrik T2 - Ecological Economics AB - Changes in human diets hold significant greenhouse gas emissions mitigation potential. In this paper, we use a field experiment to analyze the effects of implementing a label with greenhouse gas emission information for each dish at a restaurant. The traffic-light colored label was implemented in a student catering facility with 300–600 servings every day, and covered all seven dishes on offer. Individual level sales data including an anonymous identification number, gender, and age was collected both during the label phase and during a five-week control phase prior to the introduction of the label. We found that sales of green labeled (low emission) meat dishes increased by 11.5% compared to the control phase, whereas sales of red labeled meat dishes were reduced by 4.8%. Although the label had an effect on consumer behavior, emissions decreased modestly by 3.6%. We did not find evidence for different reactions to the label based on gender or age. DA - 2018/04// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/J.ECOLECON.2017.12.012 VL - 146 SP - 658 EP - 667 SN - 0921-8009 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Ländlicher Raum 4.0 - Bestandsaufnahme und kritische Rezeption AU - Tamme, Oliver CY - Wien DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - Bundesanstalt für Bergbauernfragen SN - Facts & Features 57 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Österreich isst regional AU - BMLRT T2 - Österreich isst regional DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - https://www.bmlrt.gv.at/land/lebensmittel/oesterreich-isst-regional.html ER - TY - RPRT TI - Nachhaltige Lebensmittelversorgung für die Gemeinschaftsverpflegung der Stadt Wien AU - Schlatzer, Martin AU - Lindenthal, T. AU - Kromp, B. AU - Roth, K. CY - Wien DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 SP - 100 M3 - Endbericht PB - gWN-BOKU und Bio Forschung Austria ER - TY - RPRT TI - Gemeinschaftsverpflegung als Motor für die österreichische biologische Landwirtschaft AU - Gusenbauer, Isabella AU - Markut, Theresia AU - Hörtenhuber, Stefan AU - Kummer, Susanne AU - Bartel-Kratochvil, Ruth DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SN - Endbericht, Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), Wien ER - TY - JOUR TI - Designing coupled innovations for the sustainability transition of agrifood systems AU - Meynard, Jean-Marc AU - Jeuffroy, Marie-Hélène AU - Le Bail, Marianne AU - Lefèvre, Amélie AU - Magrini, Marie-Benoit AU - Michon, Camille T2 - Agricultural Systems AB - Numerous signs underline an urgent need for innovation in the current agriculture and food industries. However, even though the components of the agrifood systems are all strongly interconnected, the design processes to improve their sustainabilities are still mostly managed separately. This frequently leads to innovating in one domain in order to adapt to the constraints or specifications of the other, such as tweaking the farming systems to address processing issues, or the other way round. The objectives of this paper are first to show the limits of such an organization, and second to provide a heuristic framework to organize the design of coupled innovations, by reconnecting the dynamics of innovation in agriculture and food, with a view to improving the whole agrifood system. DA - 2017/10// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.agsy.2016.08.002 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 157 SP - 330 EP - 339 J2 - Agricultural Systems LA - en SN - 0308521X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Being close: The quality of social relationships in a local organic cereal and bread network in Lower Austria AU - Milestad, Rebecka AU - Bartel-Kratochvil, Ruth AU - Leitner, Heidrun AU - Axmann, Paul T2 - Journal of Rural Studies AB - Experience of the drawbacks of a globalised and industrialised food system has generated interest in localised food systems. Local food networks are regarded as more sustainable food provision systems since they are assumed to have high levels of social embeddedness and relations of regard. This paper explores the social relations between food actors and how ‘local’ and ‘organic’ are expressed by detailing how actors describe qualities of their intra-network relationships, how they understand ‘local’ and how they are connected within the food system. A study from the province of Lower Austria in Austria, where organic cereals and bread are produced and marketed, serves to illuminate these issues. Actors agreed that geographical closeness contributed to the social closeness they experienced and that social relationships were a strong reason for being in the network. However, the meaning of ‘local’ was elastic depending on where inputs and consumers could be found. Furthermore, despite strong commitment to organic production methods and the local market, actors faced constraints that made them hybrids between organic and conventional, and between locally focused and globally dependent. Thus, the binary thinking along the local-global and organic-conventional divide does not hold. While it is important to not make a causal link between high quality of social relationships and local food networks, the case described here indicates the possibility of such a link. DA - 2010/07// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.01.004 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 228 EP - 240 J2 - Journal of Rural Studies LA - en SN - 07430167 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers AU - Poore, J. AU - Nemecek, T. T2 - Science AB - The global impacts of food production Food is produced and processed by millions of farmers and intermediaries globally, with substantial associated environmental costs. Given the heterogeneity of producers, what is the best way to reduce food's environmental impacts? Poore and Nemecek consolidated data on the multiple environmental impacts of ∼38,000 farms producing 40 different agricultural goods around the world in a meta-analysis comparing various types of food production systems. The environmental cost of producing the same goods can be highly variable. However, this heterogeneity creates opportunities to target the small numbers of producers that have the most impact. Science, this issue p. 987 Food’s environmental impacts are created by millions of diverse producers. To identify solutions that are effective under this heterogeneity, we consolidated data covering five environmental indicators; 38,700 farms; and 1600 processors, packaging types, and retailers. Impact can vary 50-fold among producers of the same product, creating substantial mitigation opportunities. However, mitigation is complicated by trade-offs, multiple ways for producers to achieve low impacts, and interactions throughout the supply chain. Producers have limits on how far they can reduce impacts. Most strikingly, impacts of the lowest-impact animal products typically exceed those of vegetable substitutes, providing new evidence for the importance of dietary change. Cumulatively, our findings support an approach where producers monitor their own impacts, flexibly meet environmental targets by choosing from multiple practices, and communicate their impacts to consumers. Food producer heterogeneity on a global level creates mitigation opportunities with respect to environmental damage caused by food production. Food producer heterogeneity on a global level creates mitigation opportunities with respect to environmental damage caused by food production. DA - 2018/06/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1126/science.aaq0216 DP - science.sciencemag.org VL - 360 IS - 6392 SP - 987 EP - 992 LA - en SN - 0036-8075, 1095-9203 N1 -number: 6392
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
section: Research Article
PMID: 29853680
number: 3
ER - TY - RPRT TI - Handelskonzentration in Österreich AU - RegioData Research DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Strukturanpassung im österreichischen Lebensmittelhandel AU - Böheim, Michael AU - Pennerstorfer, Dieter AU - Sinabell, Franz DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 13 LA - de ER - TY - JOUR TI - Give peas a chance: Transformations in food consumption and production systems AU - Green, Ken AU - Foster, Chris T2 - Technological Forecasting and Social Change AB - Food production chains can be organised in a variety of ways. Conventional dindustrialT agricultural practices are based on advanced breeding techniques and major inputs of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Food produced in this way is transport-intensive, requires high-energy processing, relies on modern retailing systems and demands high-tech kitchens. Many argue that the industrialised systems should be dismantled and replaced with alternative methods of agriculture, food processing and distribution that emphasise social and environmental sustainability. This paper looks at the environmental and social sustainability of different strategies for food systems by analysing the whole chain of production, processing, distribution and consumption activities of the production of frozen peas, a vegetable that is dsymbolicT of modern food systems and the UK diet. DA - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.techfore.2004.12.005 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 72 IS - 6 SP - 663 EP - 679 J2 - Technological Forecasting and Social Change LA - en SN - 00401625 ER - TY - THES TI - Understanding and steering climate change adaptation behaviour in land use planning AU - Mostegl, N. M. CY - Wien DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 M3 - Dissertation PB - Universität für Bodenkultur ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of increasing vegetarian availability on meal selection and sales in cafeterias. AU - Garnett, Emma E AU - Balmford, Andrew AU - Sandbrook, Chris AU - Pilling, Mark A AU - Marteau, Theresa M T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AB - Shifting people in higher income countries toward more plant-based diets would protect the natural environment and improve population health. Research in other domains suggests altering the physical environments in which people make decisions ("nudging") holds promise for achieving socially desirable behavior change. Here, we examine the impact of attempting to nudge meal selection by increasing the proportion of vegetarian meals offered in a year-long large-scale series of observational and experimental field studies. Anonymized individual-level data from 94,644 meals purchased in 2017 were collected from 3 cafeterias at an English university. Doubling the proportion of vegetarian meals available from 25 to 50% (e.g., from 1 in 4 to 2 in 4 options) increased vegetarian meal sales (and decreased meat meal sales) by 14.9 and 14.5 percentage points in the observational study (2 cafeterias) and by 7.8 percentage points in the experimental study (1 cafeteria), equivalent to proportional increases in vegetarian meal sales of 61.8%, 78.8%, and 40.8%, respectively. Linking sales data to participants' previous meal purchases revealed that the largest effects were found in the quartile of diners with the lowest prior levels of vegetarian meal selection. Moreover, serving more vegetarian options had little impact on overall sales and did not lead to detectable rebound effects: Vegetarian sales were not lower at other mealtimes. These results provide robust evidence to support the potential for simple changes to catering practices to make an important contribution to achieving more sustainable diets at the population level. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1907207116 IS - September SN - 1091-6490 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31570584 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nudging to reduce meat consumption: Immediate and persistent effects of an intervention at a university restaurant AU - Kurz, Verena T2 - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management AB - Reducing meat consumption is considered to have great potential to mitigate food-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. I conducted a field experiment with two restaurants to test if nudging can increase the consumption of vegetarian food. At the treated restaurant, the salience of the vegetarian option was increased by changing the menu order and enhancing the visibility of the vegetarian dish. The other restaurant served as a control. Daily sales data on the three main dishes sold were collected from September 2015 until June 2016. Results show that the nudge increased the share of vegetarian lunches sold by on average 6 percentage points, and that the treatment effect increased over time. The change in behavior is partly persistent, as the share of vegetarian lunches sold remained 4 percentage points higher after the intervention ended than before the experiment. The intervention reduced GHG emissions from food sales by around 5 percent. DA - 2018/07// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/J.JEEM.2018.06.005 VL - 90 SP - 317 EP - 341 SN - 0095-0696 N1 -publisher: Academic Press
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Menu-engineering in restaurants - adapting portion sizes on plates to enhance vegetable consumption: A real-life experiment AU - Reinders, Machiel J. AU - Huitink, Marlijn AU - Dijkstra, S. Coosje AU - Maaskant, Anna J. AU - Heijnen, Joris T2 - International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity AB - The aim of this research was to investigate whether increased portion sizes of vegetables and decreased portion sizes of meat on main dishes increased the amount of vegetables consumed in a real-life restaurant setting without affecting customer satisfaction. The participants were unaware of the experiment. A cross-over design was used in which three restaurants were randomly assigned to a sequence of an intervention and control condition. In the intervention period, the vegetable portion sizes on the plates of main dishes were doubled (150 g of vegetables instead of 75 g) and the portion sizes of meat on the plates were reduced by an average of 12.5%. In the control period, the portion sizes of the main dishes were maintained as usual. In total, 1006 observations and questionnaires were included. Vegetable consumption from plates was significantly higher during the intervention period (M = 115.5 g) than during the control period (M = 61.7 g). Similarly, total vegetable consumption (including side dishes) was significantly higher during the intervention period (M = 178.0 g) than during the control period (M = 137.0 g). Conversely, meat consumption was significantly lower during the intervention period (M = 183.1 g) than during the control period (M = 211.1 g). Satisfaction with the restaurant visit did not differ between the intervention period (M = 1.27) and control period (M = 1.35). Satisfaction with the main dish was significantly lower during the intervention period (M = 1.25) than during the control period (M = 1.38), although in both cases, the scores indicated that participants remained (very) satisfied with their main dish. This study showed that increasing vegetable portions in combination with decreasing meat portions (unknowingly to the consumer) increased the amount of vegetables consumed and decreased the amount of meat consumed. Furthermore, despite the changes in portion sizes, participants remained satisfied with their restaurant visit and main dish. The findings of this study suggest that modifying portion size in restaurants is an effective tool for stimulating vegetable consumption and consequently healthy and sustainable diets. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1186/s12966-017-0496-9 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 11 SN - 14795868 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Portion size can be used strategically to increase vegetable consumption in adults AU - Rolls, Barbara J AU - Roe, Liane S AU - Meengs, Jennifer S T2 - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition AB - Background: An increase in the proportion of vegetables at meals could help achieve recommended vegetable intakes and facilitate weight management. Objective: We investigated the effects on food and energy intakes of varying the portion size and energy density of a vegetable that was added to a meal or substituted for other foods. Design: In 2 experiments with crossover designs, men and women were served a meal of a vegetable, grain, and meat. Across the meals, the vegetable was served in 3 portion sizes (180, 270, or 360 g) and 2 energy densities (0.8 or 0.4 kcal/g) by altering the type and amount of added fat. In the addition study (n = 49), as the vegetable portion was increased, amounts of the grain and meat were unchanged, whereas in the substitution study (n = 48), amounts of the grain and meat decreased equally. Results: An increase in the vegetable portion size resulted in greater vegetable consumption in both studies (mean 6 SE: 60 6 5 g;P , 0.0001). The addition of more of the vegetable did not significantly affect meal energy intake, whereas substitution of the vegetable for the grain and meat decreased meal energy intake (40 6 10 kcal; P , 0.0001). A reduction in vegetable energy density decreased meal energy intake independent of portion size (55 6 9 kcal; P , 0.0001). By combining substitution with a reduction in energy density, meal energy intake decreased by 14 6 3%. Conclusions: Serving more vegetables, either by adding more or substituting them for other foods, is an effective strategy to increase vegetable intake at a meal. However, to moderate meal energy intake, vegetables should be low in energy density; furthermore, the substitution of vegetables for more energy-dense foods is more effective than simply adding extra vegetables. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28801.Am VL - 91 SP - 913 EP - 922 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Portion Size: Latest Developments and Interventions AU - Steenhuis, Ingrid AU - Poelman, Maartje T2 - Current Obesity Reports AB - The aim of this review is to provide an overview of (1) underlying mechanisms of the effect of portion size on energy intake, (2) external factors explaining the portion size effect and (3) interventions and measurements aimed at food portion size. DA - 2017/03/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1007/s13679-017-0239-x VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 10 EP - 17 J2 - Current Obesity Reports SN - 2162-4968 N1 -number: 1
ER - TY - JOUR TI - When are “Dish of the Day” nudges most effective to increase vegetable selection? AU - Saulais, Laure AU - Massey, Camille AU - Perez-Cueto, Federico J.A. AU - Appleton, Katherine M. AU - Dinnella, Caterina AU - Monteleone, Erminio AU - Depezay, Laurence AU - Hartwell, Heather AU - Giboreau, Agnès T2 - Food Policy AB - Previous research has suggested that featuring vegetable-rich dishes as “Dish of the day” (DoD) could be an operationally feasible and straightforward strategy to promote healthier food choices in restaurants. However, the available evidence regarding the effect of DoD on food choices is limited, and little is known about the conditions of its effectiveness in the field. This study investigates the effect of introducing DoD options in a real self-service restaurant setting on the selection of vegetable-rich options. The objectives are to (1) replicate and measure the DoD effect in this situation; and (2) investigate the moderating role of two features of the choice set: (i) the type of option set as DoD and (ii) the number of alternatives options to choose from. In a living lab experiment, 294 consumers came for lunch to a self-service restaurant and chose between a target vegetable-based dish (vg1) and respectively one, or two, alternatives: a meat-based dish (nvg) and another vegetable dish (vg2). Five choice task conditions were tested, in a between-subjects design: three conditions examined dish choices when two options were available (vg1 versus nvg): no DoD (T1-0); vg1 as DoD (T1a); or nvg as DoD (T1b). Two further conditions used three options (vg1 versus nvg versus vg2): no nudge (T2-0), or vg1 as DoD (T2a). In neutral conditions T1-0 and T2-0 respectively, 34.4% and 23.3% of consumers chose vg1. The DoD effect was observed in all conditions: choices in favour of vg1 increased by 25.2% when in was DoD by 25.2% in T1a vs. T1-0 and by 30% in T2a vs T2-0; while 7.6% more consumers chose nvg in T1b vs T1-0. Regarding the conditions of DoD effectiveness, the size of the DoD effect was larger for the initially less popular dish vg1 (T1a) compared with nvg (T1b). Introducing more options also increased the relative effect of DoD in favour of vg1, from 73% (T1a) to 129% (T2a). There were no effects of the condition on consumer satisfaction with the dish chosen, nor on the amount of food wasted. This research gives insight into the elements of the choice task to consider when setting up nudges, and could help choice architect to better design efficient and acceptable nudges in foodservice settings. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.04.003 VL - 85 IS - March SP - 15 EP - 27 SN - 03069192 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nudging using the ‘dish of the day' strategy does not work for plant-based meals in a Danish sample of adolescent and older people AU - dos Santos, Quenia AU - Nogueira, Bárbara Melo AU - Rodrigues, Vanessa Mello AU - Hartwell, Heather AU - Giboreau, Agnes AU - Monteleone, Erminio AU - Dinnella, Caterina AU - Perez-Cueto, Federico Ja T2 - International Journal of Consumer Studies DA - 2018/05// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1111/ijcs.12421 VL - 42 IS - 3 SP - 327 EP - 334 SN - 14706423 N1 -number: 3
publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (10.1111)
number: 4
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of three nudge interventions (priming, default option, and perceived variety) to promote vegetable consumption in a self-service buffet setting AU - Friis, Rasmus AU - Skov, Laurits Rohden AU - Olsen, Annemarie AU - Appleton, Katherine Marie AU - Saulais, Laure AU - Dinnella, Caterina AU - Hartwell, Heather AU - Depezay, Laurence AU - Monteleone, Erminio AU - Giboreau, Agnès AU - Perez-Cueto, Federico J.A. T2 - PLoS ONE AB - ナッジ 研究 DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0176028 VL - 12 IS - 5 SP - 1 EP - 16 SN - 19326203 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Diet and physical activity intervention in colorectal cancer survivors: A feasibility study AU - Grimmett, Chloe AU - Simon, Alice AU - Lawson, Victoria AU - Wardle, Jane T2 - European Journal of Oncology Nursing AB - Evidence that lifestyle factors are associated with better outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors highlights the need for behaviour change interventions. This study examined feasibility and acceptability, and provided an indication of behavioural impact, of a telephone-based, multimodal health behaviour intervention for CRC survivors. Method: Participants were recruited from five London hospitals. Patients (. n=29) who had recently completed treatment for CRC participated in a 12week intervention. Behavioural goals were to increase physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake, and reduce consumption of red/processed meat and alcohol. Self-report measures of PA and diet were completed in all patients, supplemented by objective measures in a sub-set. Results: Uptake of the study when patients were approached by a researcher was high (72%), compared with 27% contacted by letter. Methods for identifying eligible patients were not optimal. Study completion rate was high (79%), and completers evaluated the intervention favourably. Significant improvements were observed in objectively-measured activity (+70min/week; p=.004). Gains were seen in diet:+3F&V portions a day (. p\textless.001),-147g of red meat a week (. p=.013),-0.83 portions of processed meat a week (. p=.002). Changes in serum vitamin levels were not statistically significant, but the small sample size provides limited power. Clinically meaningful improvement in quality of life (. p\textless.001) was observed. Conclusion: An intervention combining print materials and telephone consultations was feasible and acceptable, and associated with improvements in PA, diet and quality of life. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.ejon.2014.08.006 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 6 SN - 15322122 N1 -number: 1
publisher: Elsevier Ltd
Interviewees: _:n71763
ER - TY - RPRT TI - Die Gestaltung von rückläufigen Entwicklungen als neue Aufgabe der Raumplanung. AU - Weber, G. AU - Meyer-Chech, K. AU - Neugebauer, G. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 M3 - Studie PB - Amtes der Niederösterreichischen Landesregierung ER - TY - BOOK TI - Verbietet das Bauen! AU - Fuhrhop, Daniel CY - München DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 PB - oekom Verlag SN - 978-3-96238-194-3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Zur Notwendigkeit der Erweiterung des Verfassungsbegriffs „Raumordnung“ – Erste Überlegungen aus raumordnungspolitischer Sicht AU - Weber, G. T2 - Baurechliche Blätter DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Klimawandel und Raumplanung AU - Fleischhauer, Mark AU - Bornefeld, Benjamin T2 - Raumforschung und Raumordnung AB - Der Zusammenhang zwischen Klimawandel und Raumplanung hat zwei Dimensionen. Zum einen kann Raumplanung einen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz, also zur Verringerung von Treibhausgasemissionen leisten. Andererseits kommt der Raumplanung auch im Bereich der Anpassung an die Folgen von Klimaänderungen eine bedeutende Aufgabe zu. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, welche Rolle Raumordnung und Bauleitplanung beim Klimaschutz und bei der Anpassung an die Folgen des Klimawandels einnehmen können. DA - 2006/05/01/ PY - 2006 DO - 10.1007/BF03182977 VL - 64 IS - 3 SP - 161 EP - 171 J2 - Raumforschung und Raumordnung SN - 1869-4179 ER - TY - STAT TI - NÖ Raumordnungsgesetz 2014 (NÖ ROG 2014) AU - NÖ ROG T2 - NÖ ROG 2014 DA - 2014/11/20/ PY - 2014 M1 - LGBl. Nr. 3/2015 SE - LGBLA_NI_20150113_3 UR - https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/eli/lgbl/ni/2015/3/20150113?Abfrage=LgblAuth&Lgblnummer=3%2f2015&Bundesland=Nieder%c3%b6sterreich&BundeslandDefault=Nieder%c3%b6sterreich&FassungVom=&SkipToDocumentPage=True&ResultFunctionToken=56d71b1e-88b8-49e4-b384-46e8541665ea ER - TY - CASE TI - Gesetz vom 4. Juli 2019 über die Raumplanung im Burgenland 2019 (Burgenländisches Raumplanungsgesetz 2019 - Bgld. RPG 2019) AU - Bgld. RPG DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 VL - LGBl. Nr. 49/2019 UR - https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=LrBgld&Gesetzesnummer=20001224&FassungVom=2020-01-14 ER - TY - STAT TI - Gesetz über die Raumplanung AU - VRPG T2 - LGBl 39/1996 DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 VL - 39/1996 M1 - LGBl 39/1996 UR - https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=LrVbg&Gesetzesnummer=20000653 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The year 2000: A framework for speculation on the next thirty-three years AU - Kahn, H. AU - Wiener, A. J. CY - London DA - 1967/// PY - 1967 PB - MacMillian Publishing Company ER - TY - CHAP TI - Training Module 6 Scenario development and analysis. AU - Jäger, Jill AU - Rothman, Dale AU - Anastasi, Chris AU - Kartha, Sivan AU - van Notten, Phillip T2 - IEA Training Manual, A training manual on integrated environmental assessment and reporting DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 SP - 44 PB - UNEP UR - https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/iea_brochure.pdf ER - TY - CHAP TI - How to reach Paris. a comprehensive long-term energy-economy scenario for Austria AU - Meyer, Ina AU - Sommer, M AU - Kratena, K. T2 - Economic Instruments for a Low-carbon Future. Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation XXII A2 - Zachariadis, T A2 - Milne, J.E. A2 - Andersen, M.S. A2 - Ashiabor, H. CY - ElgarOnline DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 SP - 264 LA - Englisch PB - Edward Elgar Publishing SN - 978-1-83910-990-4 UR - https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/economic-instruments-for-a-low-carbon-future-9781839109904.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing policy robustness of climate change adaptation measures across sectors and scenarios AU - Jäger, J. AU - Rounsevell, M. D. A. AU - Harrison, P. A. AU - Omann, I. AU - Dunford, R. AU - Kammerlander, M. AU - Pataki, G. T2 - Climatic Change AB - Recent research has increasingly focussed on whether long-term policies for adaptation to climate change are robust given uncertainties about future climate change, technological advances and alternative socio-economic development pathways. The aim of this study was to examine whether adaptation responses are ‘robust’, by looking at whether they reduce vulnerability to climate and socio-economic changes for a selection of ecosystem services across scenarios and two spatial scales: Europe (EU27 plus Norway and Switzerland) and a case study in Scotland. Outputs of the CLIMSAVE Integrated Assessment Platform (IAP) for multiple land-based sectors were used to test whether clusters of adaptation options referred to as policy archetypes reduced vulnerability to climate and socio-economic change for ecosystem service indicators related to biodiversity, flooding, water exploitation, land use diversity, land use intensity and food provision. The results show that the People-based Adaptation archetype is the most robust. This is because it reduces vulnerability by increasing coping capacity (people learn and build networks) and not only by reducing the impacts of climate and socio-economic change. By allowing comparative levels of vulnerability to be explored across sectors and scenarios, the CLIMSAVE approach provides a flexible tool for decision-makers and other stakeholders to increase understanding of which mixes of adaptation measures are robust responses to climate change. DA - 2015/02/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1007/s10584-014-1240-y VL - 128 IS - 3 SP - 395 EP - 407 J2 - Climatic Change SN - 1573-1480 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Assessment of current policies and strategies using stress-testing methods AU - Carlsen, Henrik AU - Jäger, Jill AU - Juhasz-Horvath, Linda AB - EU FP7 IMPRESSIONS Project Deliverable D5.3. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 SP - 43 M3 - Forschungsprojekt im Auftrag der Europäische Kommision ST - Policy_Stress-testing_ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling farmer decision-making: concepts, progress and challenges AU - Edwards-Jones, G. T2 - Animal Science AB - Decisions made by farmers may have large influences beyond the farm boundary, and for this reason they are often of interest to Government and the public. The process of adoption of new technologies and policies has received considerable academic attention over many years, and this has highlighted the roˆ le of social influences in decisionmaking. In addition a range of purely economic-based models of farmer decision-making have been developed in order to predict potential changes in agriculture and land use under future policy and market scenarios. Since the 1990s these traditional approaches to understanding decision-making have been supplemented by an increasing input from psychology. As a result of this work it is clear that farmers’ decisions are influenced by a range of factors which may be grouped under six headings: socio-demographics of the farmer, psychological make up of the farmer, the characteristics of the farm household, structure of the farm business, the wider social milieu and the characteristics of the innovation to be adopted. This paper presents a short review of the quantitative methods that seek to integrate insights from economics and social science within theoretical frameworks derived from psychology. Suggestions for further work include more empirical study in farmer decision-making related to animal health and welfare, the roˆ le of the farmers’ own health status in decision-making and the formal integration of economic and psychological variables in simulation models. DA - 2006/12// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1017/ASC2006112 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 82 IS - 6 SP - 783 EP - 790 J2 - Anim. Sci. LA - en SN - 1357-7298, 1748-748X ER - TY - CHAP TI - Balancing between autonomy and dependence. Family farming and agrarian change in Lower Austria 1945-1980 AU - Langthaler, Ernst T2 - Austrian Lives DA - 2012/11/01/ PY - 2012 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) LA - en PB - The University of New Orleans Press SN - 978-1-60801-140-7 UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1n2txnx Y2 - 2021/02/23/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Engaging farmers in environmental management through a better understanding of behaviour AU - Mills, Jane AU - Gaskell, Peter AU - Ingram, Julie AU - Dwyer, Janet AU - Reed, Matt AU - Short, Christopher T2 - Agriculture and Human Values DA - 2017/06// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1007/s10460-016-9705-4 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 283 EP - 299 J2 - Agric Hum Values LA - en SN - 0889-048X, 1572-8366 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Behavioural factors affecting the adoption of sustainable farming practices: a policy-oriented review AU - Dessart, François J AU - Barreiro-Hurlé, Jesús AU - van Bavel, René T2 - European Review of Agricultural Economics AB - This paper reviews the findings from the last 20 years on the behavioural factors that influence farmers’ decisions to adopt environmentally sustainable practices. It also proposes policy options to increase adoption, based on these behavioural factors and embedded in the EU Common Agricultural Policy. Behavioural factors are grouped into three clusters, from more distal to more proximal: (i) dispositional factors; (ii) social factors and (iii) cognitive factors. Overall, the review demonstrates that considering behavioural factors enriches economic analyses of farmer decision-making, and can lead to more realistic and effective agri-environmental policies. DA - 2019/07/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1093/erae/jbz019 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 46 IS - 3 SP - 417 EP - 471 LA - en SN - 0165-1587, 1464-3618 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sustainability as a guideline for strategic planning? The problem of long-term forest management in the face of uncertainty AU - von Detten, Roderich T2 - European Journal of Forest Research AB - Forest management, which is the main focus of this paper, is facing fundamental paradoxes and dilemmas that cannot be addressed by long-term management strategies or management concepts, even where the intention of these strategies is to follow a sustainability path. On this basis, it is argued that sustainability is not a suitable future-oriented term but rather a term oriented towards the present. The more complex the relationships between the different social subsystems, the more rapid the social change of modern societies, the more confusing the present situation and the more unpredictable the future, the less suitable utopian, long-term strategies and the attitude and strategy of firm decisiveness are to address challenges. Several suggested management strategies and techniques such as incrementalism, adaptive management and scenario-analysis are critically discussed. The intention of these strategies is to cope with uncertainty and ignorance. With regard to their limitations, it can be concluded that strategic decisions in the face of uncertainty have to explicitly consider the reversibility of decisions and the awareness of their shortcomings in relation to various dimensions of risk, uncertainty and ignorance. It is therefore necessary to look for modes of planning that actively address uncertainty in organizing learning opportunities and permanent feedback control. DA - 2011/05/01/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.1007/s10342-010-0433-9 VL - 130 IS - 3 SP - 451 EP - 465 J2 - European Journal of Forest Research SN - 1612-4677 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determinants of land consumption in Austria and the effects of spatial planning regulations AU - Getzner, Michael AU - Kadi, Justin T2 - European Planning Studies AB - A substantial area of permanently habitable land in Austria is already sealed to be used for residential, commercial, and infrastructural purposes. Although the annual land consumption used for these purposes has slightly decreased over the last 20 years, it is still at an alarmingly high rate. In 1996, the daily land consumption corresponded to over 30 hectares, while it dropped to about 10 hectares in 2016. In this paper the determinants of land consumption were confirmed within the econometric framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). In the EKC it is assumed that there is an inverted-U shaped connection between the GDP and land consumption. In this conceptual framework, the effectiveness of spatial planning frameworks, such as the Austrian Spatial Development Concept (ÖREK), was tested. The results show that, in Austria, there is a general trend towards a decrease in land consumption. The effectiveness of spatial planning frameworks is, however, not discernible from the general influence of an increase in the GDP. Both the increasing scarcity of land (reflected in the increasing land prices) and the increased efficiency of the use of land (as a result of population density and urbanization), contribute to the reduction of land consumption. This indicates that additional and more effective policy instruments, such as brownfield and inward development, land mobilization strategies, higher land taxes and urban contractual agreements are all urgently needed to reduce land consumption to much lower sustainable levels. DA - 2020/06/02/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1080/09654313.2019.1604634 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 1095 EP - 1117 SN - 0965-4313 N1 -number: 6
publisher: Routledge
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1604634
DOI: 10.1017/9781108627146
ER - TY - JOUR TI - The “Prevention Paradox”: food waste prevention and the quandary of systemic surplus production AU - Messner, Rudolf AU - Richards, Carol AU - Johnson, Hope T2 - Agriculture and Human Values AB - Preventing food waste is a major global challenge to the sustainability and security of the environment, society and economy. In response to that challenge, a plethora of initiatives addressing food waste have formed in recent years. These initiatives focus on aspects such as the efficiency of resource use, reduction of supply chain food waste, food donations and rescue, consumer behaviour, and above all, innovative ways to add value to food surplus and waste. What many initiatives have in common is that they mainly deal with food waste once it exists rather than preventing it from occurring in the first place, which might thwart efforts to increase long-term food systems sustainability. The idea of food waste prevention itself is beset by several conceptual paradoxes: it is considered the most preferred method to manage waste—which it was supposed to prevent in the first place, and it is an ambiguous ecological behaviour lacking the tangible characteristics of waste composting or recycling (i.e. prevention by its nature is invisible). Most importantly, food waste prevention, like other major sustainability challenges, appears to be in a fundamental conflict of interest with current economic norms and practices. In response to these dissonances of prevention and the inability of waste management to reduce the creation of food waste, researchers have proposed a number of new approaches, including the re-appraisal of food overproduction as a key cause of food waste. Accepting Mourad’s (Environ Soc Berkeley J Sociol 59:26–33, 2015) challenge to “think outside the bin”, this work proposes a “Prevention Paradox” framing as a conceptual link between the bodies of research on food overproduction and food waste prevention, offering a more holistic approach to this major sustainability challenge. DA - 2020/09// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1007/s10460-019-10014-7 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 805 EP - 817 J2 - Agric Hum Values LA - en SN - 0889-048X, 1572-8366 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scientists’ warning on affluence AU - Wiedmann, Thomas AU - Lenzen, Manfred AU - Keyßer, Lorenz T. AU - Steinberger, Julia K. T2 - Nature Communications DA - 2020/12// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1038/s41467-020-16941-y DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 3107 J2 - Nat Commun LA - en SN - 2041-1723 N1 -number: 1
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems AU - Willett, Walter AU - Rockström, Johan AU - Loken, Brent AU - Springmann, Marco AU - Lang, Tim AU - Vermeulen, Sonja AU - Garnett, Tara AU - Tilman, David AU - DeClerck, Fabrice AU - Wood, Amanda AU - Jonell, Malin AU - Clark, Michael AU - Gordon, Line J. AU - Fanzo, Jessica AU - Hawkes, Corinna AU - Zurayk, Rami AU - Rivera, Juan A. AU - Vries, Wim De AU - Sibanda, Lindiwe Majele AU - Afshin, Ashkan AU - Chaudhary, Abhishek AU - Herrero, Mario AU - Agustina, Rina AU - Branca, Francesco AU - Lartey, Anna AU - Fan, Shenggen AU - Crona, Beatrice AU - Fox, Elizabeth AU - Bignet, Victoria AU - Troell, Max AU - Lindahl, Therese AU - Singh, Sudhvir AU - Cornell, Sarah E. AU - Reddy, K. Srinath AU - Narain, Sunita AU - Nishtar, Sania AU - Murray, Christopher J. L. T2 - The Lancet AB - Food systems have the potential to nurture human health and support environmental sustainability; however, they are currently threatening both. Providing a growing global population with healthy diets from sustainable food systems is an immediate challenge. Although global food production of calories has kept pace with population growth, more than 820 million people have insufficient food and many more consume low-quality diets that cause micronutrient deficiencies and contribute to a substantial rise in the incidence of diet-related obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. DA - 2019/02/02/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4 DP - www.thelancet.com VL - 393 IS - 10170 SP - 447 EP - 492 J2 - The Lancet LA - English SN - 0140-6736, 1474-547X ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Food-Energy-Water Nexus approach for land use optimization AU - Nie, Yaling AU - Avraamidou, Styliani AU - Xiao, Xin AU - Pistikopoulos, Efstratios AU - Li, Jie AU - Zeng, Yujiao AU - Song, Fei AU - Yu, Jie AU - Zhu, Min T2 - Science of The Total Environment DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.242 VL - 659 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Formalised and Non-Formalised Methods in Resource Management—Knowledge and Social Learning in Participatory Processes: An Introduction AU - Newig, Jens AU - Haberl, Helmut AU - Pahl-Wostl, Claudia AU - Rothman, Dale S. T2 - Systemic Practice and Action Research AB - The participation of non-state actors in public decision-making and transdisciplinary research is increasingly regarded as an effective means to cope with growing uncertainties and complexities in human–nature interactions. The management of natural resources is expected to profit from a broader knowledge base and processes of social learning, thus allowing for potentially more informed and creative decision-making. Communication is a key element of transmitting knowledge and fostering social learning. This article introduces the special issue, which assembles contributions that discuss different methods, instruments, tools, and models that have been developed in order to facilitate the transmission of information as well its selection and aggregation. Each of the contributions is briefly reviewed. The approaches discussed here and in the individual papers aim to foster learning in participatory processes. We argue that a key aspect is the degree to which methods are formalised. Formalisation refers to the extent to which information is channelled in a certain way, leaving more or less scope for open communication. Depending on the goals and context, more or less formalised methods can be employed. We conclude by highlighting the context-dependency of participatory processes in natural resource management and indicate some directions for future research. DA - 2008/12/01/ PY - 2008 DO - 10.1007/s11213-008-9112-x VL - 21 IS - 6 SP - 381 EP - 387 J2 - Systemic Practice and Action Research SN - 1573-9295 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Public participation and environmental impact assessment: Purposes, implications, and lessons for public policy making AU - O'Faircheallaigh, Ciaran T2 - Environmental Impact Assessment Review AB - In recent years the need to enhance public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), and the efficacy of alternative mechanisms in achieving this goal, have been central themes in the EIA literature. The benefits of public participation are often taken for granted, and partly for this reason the underlying rationale for greater public participation is sometimes poorly articulated, making it more difficult to determine how to pursue it effectively. The reasons for seeking public participation are also highly diverse and not always mutually consistent. There has been limited analysis of the implications of different forms and degrees of public participation for public decision making based on EIA, and little discussion of how experience with public participation in EIA relates to debates about participation in policy making generally. This paper distinguishes various purposes for public participation in EIA, and discusses their implications for decision making. It then draws on some general models of public participation in policy making to consider how approaches to participation in EIA can be interpreted and valued, and asks what EIA experience reveals about the utility of these models. It argues that the models pay insufficient attention to the interaction that can occur between different forms of public participation; and to the fact that public participation raises issues regarding control over decision making that are not subject to resolution, but must be managed through ongoing processes of negotiation. DA - 2010/01/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.eiar.2009.05.001 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 19 EP - 27 J2 - Environmental Impact Assessment Review SN - 0195-9255 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is the participatory formulation of policy strategies worth the effort? The case of climate change adaptation in Austria AU - Prutsch, Andrea AU - Steurer, Reinhard AU - Stickler, Therese T2 - Regional Environmental Change DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 271 EP - 285 DB - Google Scholar ER - TY - JOUR TI - Participatory processes for designing environmental policies AU - Renn, Ortwin T2 - Resolving Environmental Conflicts:Combining Participation and Muli-Criteria Analysis AB - How can and should risk managers incorporate public preferences, integrate public input into the management process, and assign the appropriate roles to technical experts, stakeholders and members of the public? Which trade-offs should be used for risk management? Which concerns should be adopted in decisions that may determine life or death of many people? This paper discusses the potential of and requirements for an analytic-deliberative decision-making process in the field of risk management. It addresses the challenges for making public deliberation a part of the risk management process. Moreover, it articulates the requirements for integrating analytic reasoning with deliberation and interpretation. As a result of these requirements, a model of participation is developed that attempts to meet the two major objectives: to enhance competence in the decision-making process and to assign responsibility in managing risks to those who will be affected by the potential consequences. DA - 2006/01/01/ PY - 2006 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2004.08.005 VL - 23 IS - 1 SP - 34 EP - 43 J2 - Land Use Policy SN - 0264-8377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rethinking agri-environmental schemes. A result-oriented approach to the management of species-rich grasslands in France AU - de Sainte Marie, Christine T2 - Journal of Environmental Planning and Management DA - 2014/05/04/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1080/09640568.2013.763772 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 57 IS - 5 SP - 704 EP - 719 J2 - Journal of Environmental Planning and Management LA - en SN - 0964-0568, 1360-0559 N1 -number: 5
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Institutional impacts on the resilience of mountain grasslands: an analysis based on three European case studies AU - Schermer, Markus AU - Darnhofer, Ika AU - Daugstad, Karoline AU - Gabillet, Marine AU - Lavorel, Sandra AU - Steinbacher, Melanie T2 - Land Use Policy AB - Over the centuries, specific farming practices shaped permanent grasslands in mountains. With socioeconomic change, farming practices have changed and with them the landscape. Over time, food production has been increasingly decoupled from the preservation of permanent grassland, endangering the delivery of crucial ecosystem services. This contribution looks into the role of institutions – including normative, regulative and cultural-cognitive elements – in preserving current bundles of ecosystem services provided by mountain grasslands. In particular, we investigate how such institutions affect farmers’ management choices. Based on a review of scientific literature and empirical data from three case studies, we compare institutions in Austria, France and Norway. The cases represent different modes of multi-level governance (EU and non-EU), different grassland management practices, linked to different farming systems (dairy, breeding, rearing of heifers, suckler cow and sheep production) and different socio-economic conditions. The results underpin that ecological insights into the impact of farming practices on the ecology of grassland need to be combined with an understanding of the complex institutional interactions that affect farming practices, to ensure the resilience of mountain grasslands. If the design of regulatory measures considers both changing dynamics, it may enable farms to adapt and transform while maintaining traditional grassland management practices © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.12.009 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 52 SP - 382 EP - 391 J2 - Land Use Policy LA - en SN - 02648377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Environmental Behaviour of Farmers – Capturing the Diversity of Perspectives with a Q Methodological Approach AU - Walder, Peter AU - Kantelhardt, Jochen T2 - Ecological Economics AB - The aim of this investigation is to understand more deeply farmers' attitudes and behaviour towards multifunctional agricultural ecosystems and sustainable production. By discovering and describing these viewpoints in relation to a wider societal discourse, we are adding to a holistic picture of what role influencing factors play in farmers' viewpoints towards natural resources. Consequently, we make use of a Q methodological approach which offers a way of identifying and describing the diversity of farmers' viewpoints. Based on data from 30 farmers in Lower Austria we identify the Diversity-maintaining, the Context-depending, the Economic Aspectsemphasising and the Change-promoting viewpoints. To our knowledge, especially the Context-depending viewpoint in particular is not yet described in the scientific literature and, therefore, they allow a novel approach to treating environmental problems. Based on these markedly different notions, there are reasonable grounds for questioning a blanket approach from agricultural policies which does not take into account the specific differences of farmers' mindsets. It can, instead, be argued that taking this diversity of mindsets into consideration when trying to alter behaviour can contribute to a more stable environmental performance, since specifics of various farmer-groups can be tackled with more accuracy. DA - 2018/01// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.018 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 143 SP - 55 EP - 63 J2 - Ecological Economics LA - en SN - 09218009 ER -