OCLC: 828479422
ER - TY - BOOK TI - Das Landleben - Geschichte und Zukunft einer gefährdeten Lebensform AU - Bätzing, Werner DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 PB - CH Beck Verlag ER - TY - JOUR TI - Hidden emissions of forest transitions: a socio-ecological reading of forest change AU - Gingrich, Simone AU - Lauk, Christian AU - Niedertscheider, Maria AU - Pichler, Melanie AU - Schaffartzik, Anke AU - Schmid, Martin AU - Magerl, Andreas AU - Le Noë, Julia AU - Bhan, Manan AU - Erb, Karlheinz T2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability AB - Achieving a global forest transition, that is, a shift from net deforestation to reforestation, is essential for climate change mitigation. However, both land-based climate change mitigation policy and research on forest transitions neglect key processes that relieve pressure from forests, but cause emissions elsewhere (‘hidden emissions’). Here, we identify three major causes of hidden emissions of forest transitions, that is, emissions from agricultural intensification, from woodfuel substitution, and from land displacement. Taken together, these emissions may compromise the climate change mitigation effect of national forest transitions. We propose to link analyses of hidden emissions of forest transitions with quantifications of full socio-ecological greenhouse-gas accounts and analyses of their politics. Such an integration allows for drawing lessons for effective and just climate change mitigation policies. DA - 2019/06/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.cosust.2019.04.005 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 38 SP - 14 EP - 21 J2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability SN - 1877-3435 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Eine sozial-ökologische Interpretation der „Forest Transition“ in den österreichischen Alpenländern des 19. Jahrhunderts AU - Gingrich, Simone AU - Güldner, Dino AU - Schmid, Martin T2 - Ressourcen in historischer Perspektive - Landschaft, Literatur und Nachhaltigkeit CY - Göttingen DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 SP - 117 EP - 146 PB - Universitätsverlag Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes in energy and livestock systems largely explain the forest transition in Austria (1830–1910) AU - Gingrich, Simone AU - Lauk, Christian AU - Krausmann, Fridolin AU - Erb, Karl-Heinz AU - Le Noë, Julia T2 - Land Use Policy DA - 2021/10// PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105624 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 109 SP - 105624 J2 - Land Use Policy LA - en SN - 02648377 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Geschichte der Land- und Forstwirtschaft: Regionen - Betriebe - Menschen AU - Bruckmüller, Ernst AU - Hanisch, Ernst AU - Sandgruber, Roman CY - Wien DA - 2002/// PY - 2002 PB - Carl Ueberreuter ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regional specialization and market integration: agroecosystem energy transitions in Upper Austria AU - Gingrich, Simone AU - Theurl, Michaela Clarissa AU - Erb, Karlheinz AU - Krausmann, Fridolin T2 - Regional Environmental Change DA - 2018/04// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1007/s10113-017-1145-1 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 937 EP - 950 J2 - Reg Environ Change LA - en SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X N1 -number: 4
ER - TY - BOOK TI - Almen bewirtschaften. Pflege und Management von Almweiden AU - Aigner, Susanne (DE-588)129617059 AU - Egger, G. AU - Gindl, G. AU - Buchgraber, K. T2 - Praxisbuch CY - Graz DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 SP - 126 PB - Leopold Stocker Verlag SN - 978-3-7020-0986-1 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Ökonomische Funktion AU - Machatschek, Michael AU - Bergler, Franz T2 - Programm und Plan zur Entwicklung der Almwirtschaft. ALP Austria: Programm zur Sicherung und Entwicklung der alpinen Kulturlandschaft. A2 - Ressi, W. A2 - Glatz, S. A2 - Egger, G. A2 - Bogner, D. DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DP - Google Scholar SP - 51 EP - 60 PB - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaftt, Land Kärnten, Land Oberösterreich, Land Salzburg, Land Steiermark, Land Tirol, Land Vorarlberg UR - https://www.almwirtschaft.com/images/stories/fotos/alpaustria/pdf/RessiGlatzEggerBogner_ProgrammPlan.pdf DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur Y2 - 2020/06/23/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluierung des Programms zur Ländlichen Entwicklung im Bereich der Almen AU - Suske, Wolfgang AU - Tomek, Hemma AU - Gattermaier, Sandra AU - Huber, Johanna AU - Steurer, Barbara AU - Unterweger, Martin AU - Aschenbrenner, Gebhard AU - Pfefferkorn, Wolfgang AU - Teufelbauer, Norbert AU - Schernhammer, Tobias AU - Ellmauer, Tobias AU - Seiberl, Margit CY - Wien DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 PB - SUSKE Consulting UR - http://www.suske.at/files/evalm_endbericht_13-07-2012_final_.pdf DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur ER - TY - JOUR TI - INVEKOS-Datenbestand des Bundesministeriums für Landwirtschaft, Regionen und Tourismus AU - BMLRT AB - Stand: April 2020 DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - https://www.bmlrt.gv.at/land/direktzahlungen/Invekos.html DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur Y2 - 2020/06/23/ N1 -type: dataset
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Landwirtschaft in der Statistik: Rund 16 % der Rinder werden gealpt AU - Hofer, O. T2 - Der Alm- und Bergbauer DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 VL - 2019 IS - 12 SP - 11 EP - 15 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Grüner Bericht 2019. Die Situation der österreichischen Land- und Forstwirtschaft AU - BMNT CY - Wien DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 SP - 299 LA - German M3 - Report PB - Bundesministerium für Nachhaltigkeit und Tourismus UR - https://gruenerbericht.at/cm4/jdownload/download/2-gr-bericht-terreich/2007-gb2019 DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur Y2 - 2020/06/23/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Das Entwicklungspotential der Almen im Lungau. Eine Analyse des touristischen Entwicklungspotentials der Almen in der Gemeinde Zederhaus. AU - Strasser, G. T2 - Landschaft und nachhaltige Entwicklung T3 - INTERREG IV-A Projekt Almregione Bayerisch-Salzburger Kalkalpen CY - Salzburg DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 VL - 5 PB - Selbstverlag der Arbeitsgruppe für Landschaft und Nachhaltige Entwicklung ER - TY - RPRT TI - Almstatistik 2009: Zahlen und Fakten zur österreichischen Almwirtschaft AU - BABF CY - Wien DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Google Scholar PB - Bundesanstalt für Bergbauernfragen DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur N1 -ISBN: 978-3-85311-096-6
ER - TY - THES TI - Analyse des Rückgangs der Almauftriebszahlen in Österreich AU - Obweger, Andrea CY - Wien DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 LA - ger M3 - Master's Thesis PB - Universität für Bodenkultur Wien ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growing season extended in Europe AU - Menzel, Annette AU - Fabian, Peter T2 - Nature AB - Changes in phenology (seasonal plant and animal activity driven by environmental factors) from year to year may be a sensitive and easily observable indicator of changes in the biosphere. We have analysed data from more than 30 years of observation in Europe, and found that spring events, such as leaf unfolding, have advanced by 6 days, whereas autumn events, such as leaf colouring, have been delayed by 4.8 days. This means that the average annual growing season has lengthened by 10.8 days since the early 1960s. These shifts can be attributed to changes in air temperature. DA - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DO - 10.1038/17709 DP - www.nature.com VL - 397 IS - 6721 SP - 659 EP - 659 J2 - Nature LA - en SN - 1476-4687 N1 -number: 6721
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
number: 1
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publisher: Cambridge University Press
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regional climate change impacts on agricultural crop production in Central and Eastern Europe – hotspots, regional differences and common trends AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Trnka, M. AU - Semerádová, D. AU - Thaler, S. AU - Svobodová, E. AU - Hlavinka, P. AU - Šiška, B. AU - Takáč, J. AU - Malatinská, L. AU - Nováková, M. AU - Dubrovský, M. AU - Žalud, Z. T2 - The Journal of Agricultural Science AB - The present study investigates regional climate change impacts on agricultural crop production in Central and Eastern Europe, including local case studies with different focuses in Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The area studied experiences a continental European climate and is characterized by strong climatic gradients, which may foster regional differences or trends in the impacts of climate change on agriculture. To study the regional aspects and variabilities of climate change impacts on agriculture, the effect of climate change on selected future agroclimatic conditions, crop yield and variability (including the effect of higher ambient CO2 concentrations) and the most important yield limiting factors, such as water availability, nitrogen balance and the infestation risks posed by selected pests were studied. In general, the results predicted significant agroclimatic changes over the entire area during the 21st century, affecting agricultural crop production through various pathways. Simulated crop yield trends confirmed past regional studies but also revealed that yield-limiting factors may change from region to region. For example, pest pressures, as demonstrated by examining two pests, are likely to increase due to warmer conditions. In general, higher potentials for cereal yield increase are seen for wetter and cooler regions (i.e. uplands) than for the drier and warmer lowlands, where yield potentials will be increasingly limited by decreasing crop water availability and heat under most scenarios. In addition, yield variability will increase during the coming decades, but this may decrease towards the end of the 21st century. The present study contributes to the interpretation of previously conducted climate change impact and adaptation studies for agriculture and may prove useful in proposing future research in this field. DA - 2013/12// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1017/S0021859612000767 DP - Cambridge University Press VL - 151 IS - 6 SP - 787 EP - 812 LA - en SN - 0021-8596, 1469-5146 N1 -publisher: Cambridge University Press
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Klimawandel und Pflanzenbau AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Kersebaum, K-Ch. T2 - Geographische Rundschau DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - www.westermann.de VL - 3/2016 LA - de SN - 0016-7460 UR - https://www.westermann.de/anlage/4580082/Klimawandel-und-Pflanzenbau Y2 - 2020/06/19/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impacts of human nutrition on land use, nutrient balances and water consumption in Austria AU - Thaler, S. AU - Zessner, M. AU - Mayr, M. M. AU - Haider, T. AU - Kroiss, H. AU - Rechberger, H. T2 - Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology AB - In this paper we focus on combining different methods for environmental impact assessment in a novel way to improve the understanding of the impact of animal and plant based food consumption on agricultural production and the environment under specific regional conditions with Austria as an example. About 1900m2 arable land and 1700m2 grassland per capita are needed to supply Austrians population with the currently required amounts of food. In total, these are 420m2 of arable land per capita more than available in Austria. By contrast, Austria has 440m2 of grassland per capita more than required for food supply of the own population. Our calculations show that 19.5kgNcapita−1year−1 and 3.2kgPcapita−1year−1 are needed from external sources for agricultural production. Out of this, 71% of the nitrogen (N) input and 58% of the phosphorus (P) input into the agricultural system is used for fodder production, the rest for production of plant based food and products for industrial use. Furthermore animal husbandry is responsible for 46% of the total N and 28.5% of the total P emissions into surface water in Austria, production of plant based food and of industrial products for 3.2% and 2.3%, respectively. The rest of emission is related to waste water disposal and air pollution. With regards to water consumption, calculated as water footprint, animal husbandry is responsible for 87% of the total food production induced water footprint. DA - 2013/12/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.swaqe.2014.04.003 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 1-2 SP - 24 EP - 39 J2 - Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology LA - en SN - 2212-6139 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adverse weather conditions for European wheat production will become more frequent with climate change AU - Trnka, Miroslav AU - Rötter, Reimund P. AU - Ruiz-Ramos, Margarita AU - Kersebaum, Kurt Christian AU - Olesen, Jørgen E. AU - Žalud, Zdeněk AU - Semenov, Mikhail A. T2 - Nature Climate Change AB - Studies into the effects of climate change on crop yields have tended to focus on the average state of the climate. Now, research into the effects of adverse weather events on wheat yields in Europe suggests that the probability of single and multiple adverse events occurring within a season is expected to increase substantially by the year 2060. DA - 2014/07// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1038/nclimate2242 DP - www.nature.com VL - 4 IS - 7 SP - 637 EP - 643 J2 - Nature Clim Change LA - en SN - 1758-6798 N1 -number: 7
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jac.12339
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Has Limited Effect on Wheat Grain Quality Regardless of Nitrogen Supply AU - Dier, Markus AU - Hüther, Liane AU - Schulze, Waltraud X. AU - Erbs, Martin AU - Köhler, Peter AU - Weigel, Hans-Joachim AU - Manderscheid, Remy AU - Zörb, Christian T2 - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry DA - 2020/03/25/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07817 VL - 68 IS - 12 SP - 3711 EP - 3721 J2 - J. Agric. Food Chem. SN - 0021-8561 N1 -publisher: American Chemical Society
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Positive effects of free air CO2 enrichment on N remobilization and post-anthesis N uptake in winter wheat AU - Dier, Markus AU - Sickora, Jan AU - Erbs, Martin AU - Weigel, Hans-Joachim AU - Zörb, Christian AU - Manderscheid, Remy T2 - Field Crops Research AB - Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) often increases cereal yield, but can also decrease vegetative and grain tissue nitrogen (N) concentration that might affect future food and feed quality. However, data about CO2 x N interactions on key processes determining grain N yield and concentration, which are remobilization of vegetative N taken up before anthesis (Nrem) and post-anthesis N uptake (Nabs), are scarce. Therefore, a two-year Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment was conducted with winter wheat grown under two CO2 (˜393 and 600 ppm) and three N levels (severe deficiency with N nutrition index (NNI) of 0.4, adequate with NNI of 0.8 and excess with NNI of 1.1). e[CO2] did not influence the allometric relation between aboveground N concentration and biomass up to anthesis. At anthesis, e[CO2] increased N acquisition of stem and ear, but not of leaf. Correspondingly, e[CO2] increased Nrem of stem and chaff. Moreover, e[CO2] enhanced the efficiency of Nrem of stem and aboveground plant in the first year, indicating increased N mobilization from vegetative tissue. Nabs tended to be increased by e[CO2], especially in the second year. Finally, e[CO2] increased grain N yield (8 to 12%), N use efficiency (13 to 18%) and N uptake efficiency (10 to 12%). Grain N concentration was slightly decreased by e[CO2] in both years (-1 to -6%), while grain N concentration was considerably larger (9 to 19%) in the second year compared to the first year. There was a strong linear relation between grain N yield and grain number (r2 = 0.98) that was not influenced by e[CO2], suggesting grain number as important factor determining the grain N yield increase under e[CO2]. Grain N concentration was more strongly affected by e[CO2] than mean N content per grain. DA - 2019/03/15/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.fcr.2019.02.013 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 234 SP - 107 EP - 118 J2 - Field Crops Research LA - en SN - 0378-4290 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Responses of agricultural crops to free-air CO2 enrich-ment AU - Kimball, Kobayashi, K. and M. Bindi, B.A. T2 - Advances in Agronomy DA - 2002/// PY - 2002 VL - 77 SP - 293 EP - 368 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effect of free air carbon dioxide enrichment combined with two nitrogen levels on growth, yield and yield quality of sugar beet: Evidence for a sink limitation of beet growth under elevated CO2 AU - Manderscheid, Remy AU - Pacholski, Andreas AU - Weigel, Hans-Joachim T2 - European Journal of Agronomy AB - The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] has been demonstrated to stimulate the growth of C3 crops. However, little information exists about the effect of elevated [CO2] on biomass production of sugar beet, and data from field experiments are lacking. In this study, sugar beet was grown within a crop rotation over two rotation cycles (2001, 2004) at present and elevated [CO2] (375μll−1 and 550μll−1) in a free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system and at two levels of nitrogen supply [high (N2), and 50% of high (N1)], in Braunschweig, Germany. The objective of the present study was to determine the CO2 effect on seasonal changes of leaf growth and on final biomass and sugar yield. Shading treatment was included to test whether sugar beet growth is sink limited under elevated [CO2]. CO2 elevation did not affect leaf number but increased individual leaf size in early summer resulting in a faster row closure under both N levels. In late summer CO2 enrichment increased the fraction of senescent leaves under high but not low N supply, which contributed to a negative CO2 effect on leaf area index and canopy chlorophyll content under high N at final harvest. Petioles contained up to 40% water-soluble carbohydrates, which were hardly affected by CO2 but increased by N supply. More N increased biomass production by 21% and 12% in 2001 and 2004, respectively, while beet and sugar yield was not influenced. Concentration of α-amino N in the beet fresh weight was increased under low N and decreased under high N by CO2 enrichment. The CO2 response of total biomass, beet yield and white sugar yield was unaffected by N supply. Averaged over both N levels elevated [CO2] increased total biomass by 7% and 12% in 2001 and 2004, respectively, and white sugar yield by 12% and 13%. The shading treatment in 2004 prevented the decrease in leaf area index under elevated [CO2] and high N in September. Moreover, the CO2 effect on total biomass (24%) and white sugar yield (28%) was doubled as compared to the unshaded conditions. It is concluded that the growth of the storage root of sugar beet is not source but sink limited under elevated [CO2], which minimizes the potential CO2 effect on photosynthesis and beet yield. DA - 2010/04/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.eja.2009.12.002 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 228 EP - 239 J2 - European Journal of Agronomy LA - en SN - 1161-0301 N1 -number: 3
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of free air carbon dioxide enrichment and nitrogen supply on growth and yield of winter barley cultivated in a crop rotation AU - Manderscheid, Remy AU - Pacholski, Andreas AU - Frühauf, Cathleen AU - Weigel, Hans-Joachim T2 - Field Crops Research AB - The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] has been demonstrated to stimulate growth of C3 crops. Although barley is one of the important cereals of the world, little information exists about the effect of elevated [CO2] on grain yield of this crop, and realistic data from field experiments are lacking. Therefore, winter barley was grown within a crop rotation over two rotation cycles (2000 and 2003) at present and elevated [CO2](375ppm and 550ppm) and at two levels of nitrogen supply (adequate (N2): 262kgha−1 in 1st year and 179kgha−1 in 2nd year) and 50% of adequate (N1)). The experiments were carried out in a free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system in Braunschweig, Germany. The reduction in nitrogen supply decreased seasonal radiation absorption of the green canopy under ambient [CO2] by 23%, while CO2 enrichment had a positive effect under low nitrogen (+8%). Radiation use efficiency was increased by CO2 elevation under both N levels (+12%). The CO2 effect on final above ground biomass was similar for both nitrogen treatments (N1: +16%; N2: +13%). CO2 enrichment did not affect leaf biomass, but increased ear and stem biomass. In addition, final stem dry weight was higher under low (+27%) than under high nitrogen (+13%). Similar findings were obtained for the amount of stem reserves available during grain filling. Relative CO2 response of grain yield was independent of nitrogen supply (N1: +13%; N2: +12%). The positive CO2 effect on grain yield was primarily due to a higher grain number, while changes of individual grain weight were small. This corresponds to the findings that under low nitrogen grain growth was unaffected by CO2 and that under adequate nitrogen the positive effect on grain filling rate was counterbalanced by shortening of grain filling duration. DA - 2009/02/28/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.1016/j.fcr.2008.08.002 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 110 IS - 3 SP - 185 EP - 196 J2 - Field Crops Research LA - en SN - 0378-4290 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A zero-inflated Poisson mixture model to analyse spread and abundance of the Western Corn Rootworm in Austria AU - Falkner, Katharina AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Moltchanova, Elena AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Agricultural Systems AB - The Western Corn Rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) has become one of the main maize pests in Europe. Our objective was to develop a model for mapping spread and abundance of WCR in Austria as a function of the natural spread, climatic conditions and the maize share in crop rotations. Records of a total of 5,338 WCR monitoring traps spread over Austria are available for the period 2002–2015, with 2,520 (47.2%) showing zero counts. We developed a spatial zero-inflated Poisson mixture (ZIP) model to relate WCR counts to climatic conditions and maize shares and account for zero-inflation, and spatial correlation in the count data. The model was validated by a 40-fold cross validation procedure and applied to Austrian cropland on a spatial resolution of 1 km. Results show that increased probabilities of WCR occurrence and abundance are associated with higher maize shares in crop rotations combined with a positive influence of higher winter temperatures and summer precipitation. The developed model provides a scientifically sound basis for analysing impacts of future climate change scenarios and crop rotational maize restrictions on the spread and abundance of WCR. It supports the development of WCR control measures. DA - 2019/08/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.agsy.2019.04.010 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 174 SP - 105 EP - 116 J2 - Agricultural Systems SN - 0308-521X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Phyllopertha horticola (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae in eastern Austrian mountainous grasslands and the associated damage risk related to soil, topography and management AU - Hann, Patrick AU - Trska, Claus AU - Wechselberger, Katharina F AU - Eitzinger, Josef AU - Kromp, Bernhard T2 - SpringerPlus AB - The soil-dwelling larvae of several Scarabaeidae species (white grubs), like the cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) and the garden chafer (Phyllopertha horticola), are serious pests in European cultivated grassland, reducing grass yield and destroying the turf by root-feeding. Nevertheless, the factors responsible for the development of large grub populations and the associated damage risk are poorly understood. The objectives of the study were to survey grub densities in grassland sites with different damage histories and find correlations with environmental and management variables. Data on grub densities were collected at 10 farms in the eastern Austrian Alps in September and October 2011. At each farm, one recently damaged site (high risk) and one site at which grub damage had never been observed by the farmers (undamaged site = low risk; each site: 500 m2) were sampled. All sites were dominated by P. horticola (99% of 1,422 collected individuals; maximum density 303 grubs/m2), which indicates that grub damage there is mainly caused by that species. Recently damaged sites tended to higher grub densities than undamaged sites. However, 3 out of 10 undamaged sites harbored high grub populations as well. Humus content together with the depth of the A-horizon significantly explained 38% of P. horticola grub density variance, with highest densities in deeper humus-rich soils. The risk of grub damage was positively connected to the humus content and negatively related to the cutting frequency. For the investigated mountainous grassland sites, these results suggest an important role of humus for the development of high grub densities and an effect of management intensity on grub damage. DA - 2015/03/24/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1186/s40064-015-0918-6 DP - PubMed Central VL - 4 J2 - Springerplus SN - 2193-1801 UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4375213/ Y2 - 2020/07/03/ N1 -PMID: 25830083
PMCID: PMC4375213
publisher: Cambridge University Press
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate variability and potential distribution of selected pest species in south Moravia and north-east Austria in the past 200 years – lessons for the future AU - Svobodová, E. AU - Trnka, M. AU - Žalud, Z. AU - Semerádová, D. AU - Dubrovský, M. AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Štěpánek, P. AU - Brázdil, R. T2 - The Journal of Agricultural Science AB - The present study investigated the historical occurrence of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), the European grape vine moth (Lobesia botrana) and the Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in southern Moravia and northern Austria from 1803–2008 by using climate and pest models. The pest model used, CLIMEX, indicates areas that are climatically favourable for the pest's development and long-term survival, considering the climatic parameters, especially daily air temperature, as determining factors for pest development. For model input parameters, two sets of meteorological data were prepared: (i) a generated meteorological series for 1803–2008 and (ii) a measured reference meteorological series for 1976–2008. In addition to estimating the historical climatic suitability for the persistence of a given pest, a second aim of the present study was to specify the core of the climatic niche during the continued presence of the pest and evaluate the applicability of the meteorological data generated for climate, based on pest mapping. This evaluation resulted in a partial overestimation of pest occurrence for L. botrana when using the generated meteorological data set. This species, native to warmer areas, has proved to be a sensitive indicator of increased temperatures. DA - 2014/04// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1017/S0021859613000099 DP - Cambridge University Press VL - 152 IS - 2 SP - 225 EP - 237 LA - en SN - 0021-8596, 1469-5146 N1 -publisher: Cambridge University Press
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biomass responses in a temperate European grassland through 17 years of elevated CO2 AU - Andresen, Louise C. AU - Yuan, Naiming AU - Seibert, Ruben AU - Moser, Gerald AU - Kammann, Claudia I. AU - Luterbacher, Jürg AU - Erbs, Martin AU - Müller, Christoph T2 - Global Change Biology AB - Future increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations will potentially enhance grassland biomass production and shift the functional group composition with consequences for ecosystem functioning. In the “GiFACE” experiment (Giessen Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment), fertilized grassland plots were fumigated with elevated CO2 (eCO2) year-round during daylight hours since 1998, at a level of +20% relative to ambient concentrations (in 1998, aCO2 was 364 ppm and eCO2 399 ppm; in 2014, aCO2 was 397 ppm and eCO2 518 ppm). Harvests were conducted twice annually through 23 years including 17 years with eCO2 (1998 to 2014). Biomass consisted of C3 grasses and forbs, with a small proportion of legumes. The total aboveground biomass (TAB) was significantly increased under eCO2 (p = .045 and .025, at first and second harvest). The dominant plant functional group grasses responded positively at the start, but for forbs, the effect of eCO2 started out as a negative response. The increase in TAB in response to eCO2 was approximately 15% during the period from 2006 to 2014, suggesting that there was no attenuation of eCO2 effects over time, tentatively a consequence of the fertilization management. Biomass and soil moisture responses were closely linked. The soil moisture surplus (c. 3%) in eCO2 manifested in the latter years was associated with a positive biomass response of both functional groups. The direction of the biomass response of the functional group forbs changed over the experimental duration, intensified by extreme weather conditions, pointing to the need of long-term field studies for obtaining reliable responses of perennial ecosystems to eCO2 and as a basis for model development. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1111/gcb.13705 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 24 IS - 9 SP - 3875 EP - 3885 LA - en SN - 1365-2486 N1 -_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.13705
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing the potential of an algorithm based on mean climatic data to predict wheat yield AU - Dumont, Benjamin AU - Leemans, Vincent AU - Ferrandis, Salvador AU - Bodson, Bernard AU - Destain, Jean-Pierre AU - Destain, Marie-France T2 - Precision Agriculture AB - The real-time non-invasive determination of crop biomass and yield prediction is one of the major challenges in agriculture. An interesting approach lies in using process-based crop yield models in combination with real-time monitoring of the input climatic data of these models, but unknown future weather remains the main obstacle to reliable yield prediction. Since accurate weather forecasts can be made only a short time in advance, much information can be derived from analyzing past weather data. This paper presents a methodology that addresses the problem of unknown future weather by using a daily mean climatic database, based exclusively on available past measurements. It involves building climate matrix ensembles, combining different time ranges of projected mean climate data and real measured weather data originating from the historical database or from real-time measurements performed in the field. Used as an input for the STICS crop model, the datasets thus computed were used to perform statistical within-season biomass and yield prediction. This work demonstrated that a reliable predictive delay of 3–4 weeks could be obtained. In combination with a local micrometeorological station that monitors climate data in real-time, the approach also enabled us to (i) predict potential yield at the local level, (ii) detect stress occurrence and (iii) quantify yield loss (or gain) drawing on real monitored climatic conditions of the previous few days. DA - 2014/06/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1007/s11119-014-9346-9 VL - 15 IS - 3 SP - 255 EP - 272 J2 - Precision Agriculture SN - 1573-1618 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Effects of Elevated [CO2] and N Fertilization on Interspecific Interactions in Temperate Grassland Model Ecosystems AU - Lüscher, A. AU - Aeschlimann, U. T2 - Managed Ecosystems and CO2: Case Studies, Processes, and Perspectives A2 - Nösberger, Josef A2 - Long, Stephen P. A2 - Norby, Richard J. A2 - Stitt, Mark A2 - Hendrey, George R. A2 - Blum, Herbert A2 - Nösberger, Josef A2 - Long, Stephen P. A2 - Norby, Richard J. A2 - Stitt, Mark A2 - Hendrey, George R. A2 - Blum, Herbert AB - Elevated [CO2] and N fertilization influenced markedly yield, species proportion and interspecific interactions in temperate grassland. These changes may significantly affect amount and quality of forage and ecosystem functioning.Interspecific differences in the response to e[CO2] were stronger in the mixed sward (−2 % for L. perenne and +65 % for T. repens) than in the pure swards (+13 % for L. perenne and +19 % for T. repens), demonstrating that e[CO2] does affect not only the yield, but also the interspecific interactions and the species composition of mixed plant communities. Thus, studying the ecosystem response to e[CO2] needs experiments with mixed plant communities.RY and RNY <0.5 for T. repens provides evidence that T. repens was adversely affected from competition with the grass, while the grass competed more successfully for resources (RY >0.5) or even clearly gained from synergistic effects (RY >1.0).The extreme resource complementarity (RNYT of up to 1.9) at low N and the loss of resource complementarity (RYT and RNYT close to 1.0) at high N demonstrate that mineral N availability was the most important limiting factor for plant growth and interspecific interactions in the low N treatment of the Swiss FACE experiment. Thus, this FACE experiment with grasses and legumes provides a good tool to study effects of e[CO2] on the N cycle of grassland ecosystems under strongly limiting and non-limiting N availability. CY - Berlin, Heidelberg DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 SP - 337 EP - 350 SN - 978-3-540-31237-6 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31237-4_19 N1 -DOI: 10.1007/3-540-31237-4_19
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Response of Perennial Ryegrass to Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) Is Related to the Dynamics of Sward Structure during Regrowth AU - Suter, Daniel AU - Nösberger, Josef AU - Lüscher, Andreas T2 - Crop Science AB - At elevated partial pressure of CO2 (60 Pa pCO2), field-grown perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) swards generally show a strong increase in photosynthesis of the youngest fully expanded leaves but a weak yield response. We investigated this discrepancy by determining the effects of elevated pCO2 on the dynamics of regrowth. During the whole regrowth period, swards at elevated pCO2 exhibited a greater dry mass of roots (68%), of pseudostems (34%), and of shoot necromass below cutting height (45%). During the first 4 wk of regrowth, when dry mass (DM) and the leaf area index increased strongly, elevated pCO2 stimulated the yield, total DM, and leaf area by up to 46, 63, and 30%, respectively. Elevated pCO2 also resulted in an increase of almost 60% in the number of tillers during this period when the transmission of photosynthetically active radiation to the tiller bases was high. Towards the end of regrowth, however, the leaf area, total DM, and yield showed no net increase; under elevated pCO2, the number of tillers decreased strongly. These results indicate that there was not a strong sink for additionally fixed C during the second half of regrowth. The gap between leaf photosynthesis and yield at elevated pCO2 is suggested to be related to a loss of tillers when shading of tiller bases was strong and to a change in dry mass allocation. DA - 2001/05/01/ PY - 2001 DO - 10.2135/cropsci2001.413810x VL - 41 IS - 3 SP - 810 EP - 817 J2 - Crop Science SN - 0011-183X N1 -publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Drought- and heat-induced shifts in vegetation composition impact biomass production and water use of alpine grasslands AU - Tello-García, Elena AU - Huber, Lisa AU - Leitinger, Georg AU - Peters, Andre AU - Newesely, Christian AU - Ringler, Marie-Eve AU - Tasser, Erich T2 - Environmental and Experimental Botany DA - 2020/01// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103921 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 169 SP - 103921 J2 - Environmental and Experimental Botany LA - en SN - 00988472 ER - TY - JOUR TI - In situ carbon turnover dynamics and the role of soil microorganisms therein: a climate warming study in an Alpine ecosystem AU - Djukic, Ika AU - Zehetner, Franz AU - Watzinger, Andrea AU - Horacek, Micha AU - Gerzabek, Martin H. T2 - FEMS Microbiology Ecology AB - Litter decomposition represents one of the largest fluxes in the global terrestrial carbon cycle. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the factors governing decomposition in alpine ecosystems and how their responses to changing environmental conditions change over time. Our study area stretches over an elevation gradient of 1000 m on the Hochschwab massif in the Northern Limestone Alps of Austria. We used high-to-low elevation soil translocation to simulate the combined effects of changing climatic conditions, shifting vegetation zones, and altered snow cover regimes. In original and translocated soils, we conducted in situ decomposition experiments with maize litter and studied carbon turnover dynamics as well as temporal response patterns of the pathways of carbon during microbial decomposition over a 2-year incubation period. A simulated mean annual soil warming (through down-slope translocation) of 1.5 and 2.7 °C, respectively, resulted in a significantly accelerated turnover of added maize carbon. Changes in substrate quantity and quality in the course of the decomposition appeared to have less influence on the microbial community composition and its substrate utilization than the prevailing environmental/site conditions, to which the microbial community adapted quickly upon change. In general, microbial community composition and function significantly affected substrate decomposition rates only in the later stage of decomposition when the differentiation in substrate use among the microbial groups became more evident. Our study demonstrated that rising temperatures in alpine ecosystems may accelerate decomposition of litter carbon and also lead to a rapid adaptation of the microbial communities to the new environmental conditions. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01449.x DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 83 IS - 1 SP - 112 EP - 124 LA - en SN - 1574-6941 N1 -_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01449.x
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modeling of Nitrogen Dynamics in an Austrian Alpine Forest Ecosystem on Calcareous Soils: A Scenario-Based Risk Assessment under Changing Environmental Conditions AU - Herman, Friedl AU - Smidt, Stefan AU - Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus AU - Englisch, Michael AU - Gebetsroither, Ernst AU - Jandl, Robert AU - Katzensteiner, Klaus AU - Lexer, Manfred AU - Strebl, Friederike AU - Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie T2 - The Scientific World JOURNAL AB - We modeled the behavior of an Austrian alpine forest ecosystem on calcareous soils under changing climate and atmospheric nitrogen deposition scenarios. The change of nitrate leaching, emission rates of nitrogen compounds, and forest productivity were calculated using four process-oriented models for the periods 1998–2002 and 2048–2052. Each model reflects with high detail a segment of the ecosystem: PnET-N-DNDC (photosynthesis-evapotranspiration-nitrification-denitrification-decomposition; shortterm nitrogen cycling), BROOK90 (water balance for small and homogenous forest watersheds), HYDRUS (water flux in complex and heterogenous soils), and PICUS v1.3 (forest productivity). The nitrogen balance model (NBM) combines the individual results into a comprehensive picture and extends the specific values beyond the limits of the individual models. The evaluation of the findings was outlined with TRACE, a model enabling a long-term prognosis of nitrogen cycling in annual time steps. Temperature increase and nitrogen input are influenced by various components and processes of the forest ecosystem. An increase of the temperature of 2.5°C led to an enhancement of the N 2 O emission rates and affected the mineralization and the nitrification rates with the consequence of increased nitrate leaching into the subsoil. Enhanced nitrogen input also showed notable effects on nitrate leaching. DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1100/tsw.2007.9 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 7 SP - 159 EP - 165 J2 - The Scientific World JOURNAL LA - en SN - 1537-744X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simulated future changes of extreme nutrient loads in a mesoscale agricultural watershed in Bavaria / Simulierte zukünftige Änderungen der Extremwerte für Nährstofffrachten in einem mesoskaligen landwirtschaftlichen Einzugsgebiet in Bayern AU - Mehdi, Bano AU - Ludwig, Ralf AU - Lehner, Bernhard T2 - Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment AB - Summary The hydrological model SWAT was applied to the upper Altmühl watershed to examine the simulated 10 th and 90 th percentiles of streamflow, nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 - -N), and total phosphorus loads (TP), using an ensemble of reference climate (1975–2000) and future climate (2046–2070) simulations. A comparison between the two periods showed that in the future, the 90 th percentiles of the NO 3 - -N loads increase in all seasons which indicates a trend to increasing diffuse pollution in the mid-term future. Conversely, the 90 th percentile TP loads diminished in winter and otherwise remained similar to the reference period. The 10 th and 90 th percentile changes in the future streamflow followed changes in precipitation, and did not have any apparent influence on extreme nutrient transport events. DA - 2016/06/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1515/boku-2016-0008 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 77 EP - 90 SN - 0006-5471 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changes of Soil Microbes Related with Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling after Long-Term CO2 Enrichment in a Typical Chinese Maize Field AU - Diao, Tiantian AU - Peng, Zhengping AU - Niu, Xiaoguang AU - Yang, Rongquan AU - Ma, Fen AU - Guo, Liping T2 - Sustainability AB - Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) has been the most important driving factor and characteristic of climate change. To clarify the effects of eCO2 on the soil microbes and on the concurrent status of soil carbon and nitrogen, an experiment was conducted in a typical summer maize field based on a 10-year mini FACE (Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) system in North China. Both rhizospheric and bulk soils were collected for measurement. The soil microbial carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and soil mineral N were measured at two stages. Characteristics of microbes were assayed for both rhizospheric soil and bulk soils at the key stage. We examined the plasmid copy numbers, diversities, and community structures of bacteria (in terms of 16s rRNA), fungi (in terms of ITS-internal transcribed spacer), ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and denitrifiers including nirK, nirS, and nosZ using the Miseq sequencing technique. Results showed that under eCO2 conditions, both MBC and MBN in rhizospheric soil were increased significantly. The quantity of ITS was increased in the eCO2 treatment compared with that in the ambient CO2 (aCO2) treatment, while the quantity of 16s rRNA in rhizospheric soil showed decrease in the rhizospheric soil in the eCO2 treatment. ECO2 changed the relative abundance of microbes in terms of compositional proportion of some orders or genera particularly in the rhizospheric soil-n particular, Chaetomium increased for ITS, Subgroups 4 and 6 increased for 16s rRNA, Nitrosospira decreased for AOB, and some genera showed increase for nirS, nirK, and nosZ. Nitrate N was the main inorganic nitrogen form at the tasseling stage and both quantities of AOB and denitrifiers, as well as the nosZ/(nirS+nirK) showed an increase under eCO2 conditions particularly in the rhizospheric soil. The Nitrosospira decreased in abundance under eCO2 conditions in the rhizospheric soil and some genera of denitrifiers also showed differences in abundance. ECO2 did not change the diversities of microbes significantly. In general, results suggested that 10 years of eCO2 did affect the active component of C and N pools (such as MBC and MBN) and both the quantities and relative abundance of microbes which are involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling, possibly due to the differences in both the quantities and component of substrate for relevant microbes in the rhizospheric soils. DA - 2020/01// PY - 2020 DO - 10.3390/su12031250 DP - www.mdpi.com VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 1250 LA - en N1 -number: 3
publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
ISSN 1606-612X
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Future drought probabilities in the Greater Alpine Region based on COSMO-CLM experiments – spatial patterns and driving forces AU - Haslinger, Klaus AU - Schöner, Wolfgang AU - Anders, Ivonne T2 - Meteorologische Zeitschrift DA - 2016/05/09/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1127/metz/2015/0604 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 137 EP - 148 J2 - metz LA - en SN - 0941-2948 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A 200-year climate record in Central Europe: Implications for agriculture AU - Trnka, M. AU - Brázdil, R. AU - Dubrovský, M. AU - Semerádová, D. AU - Štěpánek, P. AU - Dobrovolný, P. AU - Možný, M. AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Málek, J. AU - Formayer, H. AU - Balek, J. AU - Žalud, Z. T2 - Agronomy for Sustainable Development AB - The close links of climate, soil conditions, and agricultural productivity have been used in Central Europe for taxation purposes since the eighteenth century. Since agroclimatic conditions are variable, their fluctuations in the past centuries can provide a valuable context for analyzing changes expected in the coming decades. Here, historical agroclimatic conditions and future projections were constructed for key agricultural regions in Central Europe. The agroclimatic zoning method used in this study incorporates (1) the sum of temperatures for days with a mean temperature above 10°C during the frost-free period, (2) the water deficit during the summer period from June to August, defined as the difference between precipitation and reference evapotranspiration, and (3) information regarding the suitability of soil and terrain for agriculture production based on twentieth century soil surveys. Changes in selected agroclimatological indices were also analyzed. To produce a weather series representing climate conditions between 1803 and 2008 over the study area, we used a stochastic weather generator trained on high-quality daily observations from 52 representative meteorological stations during the baseline period from 1961 to 1990. To estimate the extent of agroclimatic zones and the values of selected agroclimatic indices, the parameters of the weather generator were perturbed by the deviations of the temperature and precipitation means from the baseline using a long-term climate series from 1803 to 2008, from Brno. To generate a weather series representing the climate in 2050, we used an approach known as "pattern-scaling" in combination with outputs of three general circulation models. To our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing both continuous fluctuations in agroclimatic conditions over the past 200 years and expected shifts in the coming decades over Central Europe. In the study region, our results demonstrate that changes in climate factors since the second half of the twentieth century have favored the expansion of warmer and drier agroclimatic conditions in the most fertile areas, progressively endangering the sustainability of rain-fed agriculture. Conversely, the agroclimatic conditions of regions at higher elevations have improved over the past six decades, as witnessed by increases in maize production areas but also an influx of previously absent pests, e.g., the European corn borer. The length of the vegetation summer has been increasing and shows daily average temperature exceeding 15°C. The mean number of days with snow cover has decreased by up to 30 days since a peak in the late nineteenth century. In lowland areas, the date of the last frost, with a 20-year return period, has moved closer to beginning of the season. Our results show that the predicted rate of change is unprecedented in available agroclimatic records; thus, adaptation cannot rely on past. Consequently, agricultural producers in the region will be forced to significantly bolster their adaptive capacity and develop flexible procedures that reflect the rapidly changing agroclimatic conditions. © INRA and Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1007/s13593-011-0038-9 VL - 31 IS - 4 SP - 631 EP - 641 J2 - Agron. Sustainable Dev. LA - English SN - 17740746 (ISSN) DB - Scopus ER - TY - CONF TI - Evaluating drought risk for permanent grasslands under present and future climate conditions AU - Trnka, M. AU - Schaumberger, A. AU - Formayer, H. AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Hlavinka, P. AU - Semerádová, D. AU - Dubrovský, M. AU - Možný, M. AU - Thaler, S. AU - Žalu, Z. T2 - Procedia Environmental Sciences AB - Over the past years, the changing climate has affected parts of Czech Republic and Austria by drought spells of the intensity and extend that was unprecedented in previous decades. These events had a significant impact on agricultural areas, especially on the grasslands. The idea behind the GIS monitoring relies on hypothesis that the effect of weather and climate conditions on the grassland production can be estimated by models that describe certain natural processes in a simplified manner and in spatialized form. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Ltd. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.proenv.2011.02.010 VL - 3 SP - 50 EP - 57 LA - English SN - 18780296 (ISSN) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953778253&doi=10.1016%2fj.proenv.2011.02.010&partnerID=40&md5=1a2ca05d0010e889d4a3709dcc393cca DB - Scopus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating the impacts of climate change and crop land use change on streamflow, nitrates and phosphorus: A modeling study in Bavaria AU - Mehdi, B. AU - Ludwig, R. AU - Lehner, B. T2 - Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies DA - 2015/09// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.04.009 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 4 SP - 60 EP - 90 J2 - Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies LA - en SN - 22145818 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of climate change on soil erosion and the efficiency of soil conservation practices in Austria AU - Klik, A. AU - Eitzinger, J. T2 - The Journal of Agricultural Science AB - SUMMARY The goal of the present study was to assess the impact of selected soil protection measures on soil erosion and retention of rainwater in a 1·14 km 2 watershed used for agriculture in the north-east of Austria. Watershed conditions under conventional tillage (CT), no-till (NT) and under grassland use were simulated using the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) soil erosion model. The period 1961–90 was used as a reference and results were compared to future Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios A1B and A2 (2040–60). The simulations for the NT and grassland options suggested runoff would decrease by 38 and 75%, respectively, under the current climatic conditions. The simulation results suggest that, under future climate scenarios, the effectiveness of the selected soil conservation measures with respect to runoff will be similar, or decreased by 16–53%. The actual average net soil losses in the watershed varied from 2·57 t/ha/yr for conventional soil management systems to 0.01 t/ha/yr for grassland. This corresponds to a maximum average annual loss of about 0·2 mm, which is considered to be the average annual soil formation rate and therefore an acceptable soil loss. The current soil/land use does not exceed this limit, with most of the erosion occurring during spring time. Under future climate scenarios, the simulations suggested that CT would either decrease soil erosion by up to 55% or increase it by up to 56%. Under these conditions, the acceptable limits will partly be exceeded. The simulations of NT suggested this would reduce annual soil loss rates (compared to CT) to 0·2 and 1·4 t/ha, i.e. about the same or slightly higher than for NT under actual conditions. The simulation of conversion to grassland suggested soil erosion was almost completely prevented. The selected soil conservation methods maintain their protective effect on soil resources, independent of the climate scenario. Therefore, with small adaptations, they can also be recommended as sustainable soil/land management systems under future climatic conditions. However, based on the available climate scenarios, climate-induced changes in the frequency and intensity of heavy rainstorms were only considered in a limited way in the present work. As the general future trend indicates a strong increase of rainstorms with high intensity during summer months, the results of the present study may be too optimistic. DA - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1017/S0021859610000158 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 148 IS - 5 SP - 529 EP - 541 J2 - J. Agric. Sci. LA - en SN - 0021-8596, 1469-5146 ER - TY - CONF TI - Efficient land and water use under stochastic climate scenarios and groundwater restrictions in a semi-arid region AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - iCOPM2020. Crop Modelling for the Future, Montpellier, FRANCE, FEB 3-5, 2020 C3 - Book of Abstracts. Second International Crop Modelling Symposium DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 SP - 211 EP - 212 UR - https://www.alphavisa.com/icropm/2020/documents/iCROPM2020-Book-of-Abstracts.pdf DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur ER - TY - JOUR TI - The economic value of stochastic climate information for agricultural adaptation in a semi-arid region in Austria AU - Karner, Katrin AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Journal of Environmental Management AB - Identifying efficient adaptation measures in land and water use requires integrated approaches and a spatially and temporally explicit representation of water demand and supply. Stochastic climate information may further improve adaptation assessments to reduce the risk of misinterpretation of climate signals. We aim at developing an integrated modeling framework (IMF) that meets these requirements for assessing impacts of three stochastic climate scenarios (DRY, SIMILAR, WET), and regional irrigation water restrictions on land and water use. Furthermore, impacts on regional net benefits and the economic value of stochastic climate information (VOI) are assessed. The VOI is defined as the difference between regional net benefits with and without efficient adaptation of land and water use to a specific climate scenario. The IMF has been applied to the semi-arid Seewinkel region in Austria. Considering efficient adaptation, regional net benefits amount to 8 M€ and irrigation water use to 8.4 Mm³ in a DRY climate scenario. In a WET climate scenario and a scenario with SIMILAR conditions compared to the past, regional net benefits amount to 38 and 20 M€ and irrigation water use to 41 and 21 Mm³, respectively. High regional net benefits are obtained through an expansion of vineyards, irrigation, and fertilization. On average, the VOI is highest if land and water use is efficiently adapted to DRY but a WET scenario is realized (506 €/ha/a) and lowest with efficient adaptation to WET but the realization of a SIMILAR scenario (58 €/ha/a). DA - 2019/11/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109431 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 249 SP - 109431 J2 - Journal of Environmental Management LA - en SN - 0301-4797 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Evaluierung des Programms LE07-13 „Abschätzung der bewässerten und bewässerungsbedürftigen landwirtschaftlichen Flächen sowie Integration der Daten in die INVEKOS-Datenbank“. AU - BMFLUW CY - Wien DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 PB - BMFLUW SN - BMLFUW-LE.1.3.7/0019-II/5/2010 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Kompetenzzentrum Bewässerung Eine Initiative des Landes Niederösterreich und der Landwirtschaftskammer-NÖ AU - Kompetenzzentrum Bewässerung T2 - Kompetenzzentrum Bewässerung DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - http://kompetenzzentrum-bewaesserung.at/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Die Wirkung des Waldes auf Hochwässer AU - Blöschl, Günter AU - Komma, Jürgen AU - Nester, Thomas AU - Rogger, Magdalena AU - Salinas, José Luis AU - Viglione, Alberto T2 - Wildbach- und Lawinenverbau DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 VL - 181 SP - 288 EP - 296 J2 - Zeitschrift für Wildbach-, Lawinen-, Erosions- und Steinschlagschutz ER - TY - CONF TI - Extreme weather impacts on crop production – research challenges AU - Eitzinger, J. T2 - e-Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Atmospheric Sciences C1 - Istanbul Technical University C3 - e-Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Atmospheric Sciences DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 SN - 978-975-561-482-3 UR - https://drive.google.com/file/d/19fgE9wxivq8K1RJB1C3PJpZQAjXsDOp5/view DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of climate extremes on global agricultural yields AU - Vogel, Elisabeth AU - Donat, Markus G. AU - Alexander, Lisa V. AU - Meinshausen, Malte AU - Ray, Deepak K. AU - Karoly, David AU - Meinshausen, Nicolai AU - Frieler, Katja T2 - Environmental Research Letters AB - Climate extremes, such as droughts or heat waves, can lead to harvest failures and threaten the livelihoods of agricultural producers and the food security of communities worldwide. Improving our understanding of their impacts on crop yields is crucial to enhance the resilience of the global food system. This study analyses, to our knowledge for the first time, the impacts of climate extremes on yield anomalies of maize, soybeans, rice and spring wheat at the global scale using sub-national yield data and applying a machine-learning algorithm. We find that growing season climate factors—including mean climate as well as climate extremes—explain 20%–49% of the variance of yield anomalies (the range describes the differences between crop types), with 18%–43% of the explained variance attributable to climate extremes, depending on crop type. Temperature-related extremes show a stronger association with yield anomalies than precipitation-related factors, while irrigation partly mitigates negative effects of high temperature extremes. We developed a composite indicator to identify hotspot regions that are critical for global production and particularly susceptible to the effects of climate extremes. These regions include North America for maize, spring wheat and soy production, Asia in the case of maize and rice production as well as Europe for spring wheat production. Our study highlights the importance of considering climate extremes for agricultural predictions and adaptation planning and provides an overview of critical regions that are most susceptible to variations in growing season climate and climate extremes. DA - 2019/05// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/ab154b DP - Institute of Physics VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 054010 J2 - Environ. Res. Lett. LA - en SN - 1748-9326 N1 -publisher: IOP Publishing
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sensitivity of European wheat to extreme weather AU - Mäkinen, H. AU - Kaseva, J. AU - Trnka, M. AU - Balek, J. AU - Kersebaum, K. C. AU - Nendel, C. AU - Gobin, A. AU - Olesen, J. E. AU - Bindi, M. AU - Ferrise, R. AU - Moriondo, M. AU - Rodríguez, A. AU - Ruiz-Ramos, M. AU - Takáč, J. AU - Bezák, P. AU - Ventrella, D. AU - Ruget, F. AU - Capellades, G. AU - Kahiluoto, H. T2 - Field Crops Research AB - The frequency and intensity of extreme weather is increasing concomitant with changes in the global climate change. Although wheat is the most important food crop in Europe, there is currently no comprehensive empirical information available regarding the sensitivity of European wheat to extreme weather. In this study, we assessed the sensitivity of European wheat yields to extreme weather related to phenology (sowing, heading) in cultivar trials across Europe (latitudes 37.21° to 61.34° and longitudes −6.02° to 26.24°) during the period 1991–2014. All the observed agro-climatic extremes (≥31°C, ≥35°C, or drought around heading; ≥35°C from heading to maturity; excessive rainfall; heavy rainfall and low global radiation) led to marked yield penalties in a selected set of European cultivars, whereas few cultivars were found to with no yield penalty in such conditions. There were no European wheat cultivars that responded positively (+10%) to drought after sowing, or frost during winter (−15°C and −20°C). Positive responses to extremes were often shown by cultivars associated with specific regions, such as good performance under high temperatures by southern-origin cultivars. Consequently, a major future breeding challenge will be to evaluate the potential of combining such cultivar properties with other properties required under different growing conditions with, for example, long day conditions at higher latitudes, when the intensity and frequency of extremes rapidly increase. DA - 2018/06/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.fcr.2017.11.008 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 222 SP - 209 EP - 217 J2 - Field Crops Research LA - en SN - 0378-4290 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mitigation efforts will not fully alleviate the increase in water scarcity occurrence probability in wheat-producing areas AU - Trnka, Miroslav AU - Feng, Song AU - Semenov, Mikhail A. AU - Olesen, Jørgen E. AU - Kersebaum, Kurt Christian AU - Rötter, Reimund P. AU - Semerádová, Daniela AU - Klem, Karel AU - Huang, Wei AU - Ruiz-Ramos, Margarita AU - Hlavinka, Petr AU - Meitner, Jan AU - Balek, Jan AU - Havlík, Petr AU - Büntgen, Ulf T2 - Science Advances AB - Global warming is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of severe water scarcity (SWS) events, which negatively affect rain-fed crops such as wheat, a key source of calories and protein for humans. Here, we develop a method to simultaneously quantify SWS over the world’s entire wheat-growing area and calculate the probabilities of multiple/sequential SWS events for baseline and future climates. Our projections show that, without climate change mitigation (representative concentration pathway 8.5), up to 60% of the current wheat-growing area will face simultaneous SWS events by the end of this century, compared to 15% today. Climate change stabilization in line with the Paris Agreement would substantially reduce the negative effects, but they would still double between 2041 and 2070 compared to current conditions. Future assessments of production shocks in food security should explicitly include the risk of severe, prolonged, and near-simultaneous droughts across key world wheat-producing areas. The risk of severe water scarcity events simultaneously affecting key wheat-producing areas doubles despite CO2 mitigation efforts. The risk of severe water scarcity events simultaneously affecting key wheat-producing areas doubles despite CO2 mitigation efforts. DA - 2019/09/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1126/sciadv.aau2406 DP - advances.sciencemag.org VL - 5 IS - 9 SP - eaau2406 LA - en SN - 2375-2548 N1 -number: 9
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
section: Research Article
number: 4
publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
_eprint: https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nyas.13912
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Combined effects of drought and high temperature on photosynthetic characteristics in four winter wheat genotypes AU - Urban, O. AU - Hlaváčová, M. AU - Klem, K. AU - Novotná, K. AU - Rapantová, B. AU - Smutná, P. AU - Horáková, V. AU - Hlavinka, P. AU - Škarpa, P. AU - Trnka, M. T2 - Field Crops Research AB - Terrestrial ecosystems are expected to experience more intense and longer drought and heat-waves in the future. How these environmental factors and their interaction influence photosynthetic activity and water use efficiency remains, however, an open question. Since the photosynthetic activity determines yield response, we investigated gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence traits of flag leaves in four winter wheat cultivars, including two genotypes widely grown in Central Europe and two genotypes considered as drought tolerant. Pot-grown plants were cultivated under natural field conditions until anthesis (DC 61). Subsequently, the plants were exposed to a set of temperature regimes with daily maxima of 26–41 °C (temperature treatment) and maximum soil water holding capacity above 70% and below 30% (drought treatment) using laboratory growth chambers. Primary photochemical reactions after 7 and 14 days of acclimation, measured as maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry and total chlorophyll content, showed typical interactions of temperature and water availability resulting in an amplified response under combined influence of drought and temperatures above 35 °C. In contrast, drought and temperature treatment had only minor effects on content of epidermal flavonols. A dominant effect of drought over temperature on stomatal conductance (GSmax) was observed. Although substantial genotype-specific responses were found, reduced stomatal conductance resulted in significant decrease in light-saturated rates of CO2 assimilation (Amax) in all genotypes studied. The GSmax–Amax relationship, however, revealed limitation of CO2 uptake by other, non-stomatal processes at temperatures above 32 °C, particularly in the sensitive genotypes. Strong interaction of combined drought and temperature treatments was found on water use efficiency (WUE). Decline in WUE with increasing temperature was steeper in water-deficit than well-watered plants of all genotypes studied. Our results thus document a strong interactive effect of elevated temperature and drought on photosynthetic carbon uptake. Detected thresholds of sensitivity to combined drought and heat stress will contribute to improved modelling of wheat growth and production under expected future climate conditions. DA - 2018/06/15/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.fcr.2018.02.029 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 223 SP - 137 EP - 149 J2 - Field Crops Research LA - en SN - 0378-4290 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spring frost risk for regional apple production under a warmer climate AU - Unterberger, Christian AU - Brunner, Lukas AU - Nabernegg, Stefan AU - Steininger, Karl W. AU - Steiner, Andrea K. AU - Stabentheiner, Edith AU - Monschein, Stephan AU - Truhetz, Heimo T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Spring frosts, as experienced in Europe in April 2016 and 2017, pose a considerable risk to agricultural production, with the potential to cause significant damages to agricultural yields. Meteorological blocking events (stable high-pressure systems) have been shown to be one of the factors that trigger cold spells in spring. While current knowledge does not allow for drawing conclusions as to any change in future frequency and duration of blocking episodes due to climate change, the combination of their stable occurrence with the biological system under a warming trend can lead to economic damage increases. To evaluate future frost risk for apple producers in south-eastern Styria, we combine a phenological sequential model with highly resolved climate projections for Austria. Our model projects a mean advance of blooming of –1.6 ± 0.9 days per decade, shifting the bloom onset towards early April by the end of the 21st century. Our findings indicate that overall frost risk for apple cultures will remain in a warmer climate and potentially even increase due to a stronger connection between blocking and cold spells in early spring that can be identified from observational data. To prospectively deal with frost risk, measures are needed that either stabilize crop yields or ensure farmers’ income by other means. We identify appropriate adaptation measures and relate their costs to the potential frost risk increase. Even if applied successfully, the costs of these measures in combination with future residual damages represent additional climate change related costs. DA - 2018/07/25/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0200201 DP - PLoS Journals VL - 13 IS - 7 SP - e0200201 J2 - PLOS ONE LA - en SN - 1932-6203 N1 -number: 7
publisher: Public Library of Science
number: 4
publisher-place: Stuttgart, Germany
publisher: Schweizerbart Science Publishers
publisher: Academic Press
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rapid growth in agricultural trade: effects on global area efficiency and the role of management AU - Kastner, Thomas AU - Erb, Karl-Heinz AU - Haberl, Helmut T2 - Environmental Research Letters AB - Cropland is crucial for supplying humans with biomass products, above all, food. Globalization has led to soaring volumes of international trade, resulting in strongly increasing distances between the locations where land use takes place and where the products are consumed. Based on a dataset that allows tracing the flows of almost 450 crop and livestock products and consistently allocating them to cropland areas in over 200 nations, we analyze this rapidly growing spatial disconnect between production and consumption for the period from 1986 to 2009. At the global level, land for export production grew rapidly (by about 100 Mha), while land supplying crops for direct domestic use remained virtually unchanged. We show that international trade on average flows from high-yield to low-yield regions: compared to a hypothetical no-trade counterfactual that assumes equal consumption and yield levels, trade lowered global cropland demand by almost 90 Mha in 2008 (3-year mean). An analysis using yield gap data (which quantify the distance of prevailing yields to those attainable through the best currently available production techniques) revealed that differences in land management and in natural endowments contribute almost equally to the yield differences between exporting and importing nations. A comparison of the effect of yield differences between exporting and importing regions with the potential of closing yield gaps suggests that increasing yields holds greater potentials for reducing future cropland demand than increasing and adjusting trade volumes based on differences in current land productivity. DA - 2014/03// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/034015 DP - Institute of Physics VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 034015 J2 - Environ. Res. Lett. LA - en SN - 1748-9326 N1 -publisher: IOP Publishing
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production for Biomass Consumption in the European Union, 1986–2007 AU - Kastner, Thomas AU - Erb, Karl-Heinz AU - Haberl, Helmut T2 - Journal of Industrial Ecology AB - The ongoing globalization process strengthens the connections between different geographic regions through trade. Biomass products, such as food, fiber, or bioenergy, are increasingly traded globally, thereby leading to telecouplings between distant, seemingly unrelated regions. For example, restrictions for agricultural production or changes in bioenergy demand in Europe or the United States might contribute to deforestation in Latin America or Sub-Saharan Africa. One approach to analyze trade-related land-use effects of the global socioeconomic biomass metabolism is the “embodied human appropriation of net primary production” or eHANPP. eHANPP accounts allocate to any product the entire amount of the human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) that emerges throughout its supply chain. This allows consumption-based accounts to move beyond simple area-demand approaches by taking differences in natural productivity as well as in land-use intensity into account, both across land-use types as well as across world regions. In this article, we discuss the eHANPP related to the European Union's (EU) consumption of biomass products in the period 1986–2007, based on a consistent global trade data set derived from bilateral data. We find a considerable dependency of the EU on the appropriation of biological productivity outside its own boundaries, with increasing reliance on Latin America as a main supplier. By using the EU as an illustrative example, we demonstrate the usefulness of eHANPP for assessing land-use impacts caused by nations’ socioeconomic activities and conclude that the eHANPP approach can provide useful information to better manage ecosystems globally in the face of an increasingly interconnected world. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1111/jiec.12238 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 825 EP - 836 LA - en SN - 1530-9290 N1 -_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jiec.12238
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Drivers for global agricultural land use change: The nexus of diet, population, yield and bioenergy AU - Alexander, Peter AU - Rounsevell, Mark D. A. AU - Dislich, Claudia AU - Dodson, Jennifer R. AU - Engström, Kerstin AU - Moran, Dominic T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - The nexus of population growth and changing diets has increased the demands placed on agriculture to supply food for human consumption, animal feed and fuel. Rising incomes lead to dietary changes, from staple crops, towards commodities with greater land requirements, e.g. meat and dairy products. Despite yield improvements partially offsetting increases in demand, agricultural land has still been expanding, causing potential harm to ecosystems, e.g. through deforestation. We use country-level panel data (1961–2011) to allocate the land areas used to produce food for human consumption, waste and biofuels, and to attribute the food production area changes to diet, population and yields drivers. The results show that the production of animal products dominates agricultural land use and land use change over the 50-year period, accounting for 65% of land use change. The rate of extensification of animal production was found to have reduced more recently, principally due to the smaller effect of population growth. The area used for bioenergy was shown to be relatively small, but formed a substantial contribution (36%) to net agricultural expansion in the most recent period. Nevertheless, in comparison to dietary shifts in animal products, bioenergy accounted for less than a tenth of the increase in demand for agricultural land. Population expansion has been the largest driver for agricultural land use change, but dietary changes are a significant and growing driver. China was a notable exception, where dietary transitions dominate food consumption changes, due to rapidly rising incomes. This suggests that future dietary changes will become the principal driver for land use change, pointing to the potential need for demand-side measures to regulate agricultural expansion. DA - 2015/11/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.08.011 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 35 SP - 138 EP - 147 J2 - Global Environmental Change LA - en SN - 0959-3780 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ein Blick auf die Gemeinde AU - Statistik Austria T2 - Gemeindedaten DA - 2022/// PY - 2022 UR - https://www.statistik.at/blickgem/index Y2 - 2021/06/21/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Bioenergy technologies, uses, market and future trends with Austria as a case study AU - Anca-Couce, A. AU - Hochenauer, C. AU - Scharler, R. T2 - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews AB - The current bioenergy uses and conversion technologies as well as future trends for the production of heat, power, fuels and chemicals from biomass are reviewed. The focus is placed in Austria, which is selected due to its high bioenergy utilization, providing 18.4% of the gross energy final consumption in 2017, and its strong industrial and scientific position in the field. The most common bioenergy application in Austria is bioheat with 170 PJ in 2017 mainly obtained from woody biomass combustion, followed by biofuels with 21 PJ and bioelectricity with 17 PJ. Bioheat has a stable market, where Austrian manufacturers of boilers and stoves have a strong position exporting most of their production. Future developments in bioheat production should go in the line of further reducing emissions, increasing feedstock flexibility and coupling with other renewables. For bioelectricity and biofuels, the current framework does not promote the growth of the current main technologies, i.e. combined heat and power (CHP) based on biomass combustion or biogas and first generation biofuels. However, an increase in all bioenergy uses is required to achieve the Austrian plan to be climate neutral in 2040. The current initiatives and future possibilities to achieve this increase are presented and discussed, e.g. mandatory substitution of old oil boilers, production of biomethane and early commercialization of CHP with a high efficiency or demonstration of advanced biofuels production based on gasification. DA - 2021/01/01/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110237 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 135 SP - 110237 J2 - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews LA - en SN - 1364-0321 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Biokraftstoffe im Verkehrssektor 2020 AU - BMK CY - Wien DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 SP - 60 PB - Bundesministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie, Mobilität, Innovation und Technologie (BMK) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Framing and Context AU - Arneth, Almut AU - Denton, Fatima AU - Agus, F. AU - Elbehri, Aziz AU - Erb, Karl-Heinz AU - Elasha, B. Osman AU - Rahimi, Mohammad AU - Rounsevell, Mark AU - Spence, Adrian AU - Valentini, Riccardo T2 - Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems A2 - Shukla, P.R. A2 - Skea, J. A2 - Calvo Buendia, E. A2 - Masson-Delmotte, V. A2 - Pörtner, H.-O. A2 - Roberts, D.C. A2 - Zhai, P. A2 - Slade, R. A2 - Connors, S. A2 - van Diemen, R. A2 - Ferrat, M. A2 - Haughey, E. A2 - Luz, S. A2 - Neogi, S. A2 - Pathak, M. A2 - Petzold, J. A2 - Portugal Pereira, J. A2 - Vyas, P. A2 - Kissick, K. A2 - Belkacemi, M. A2 - Malley, J. A2 - Shukla, P.R. A2 - Skea, J. A2 - Calvo Buendia, E. A2 - Masson-Delmotte, V. A2 - Pörtner, H.-O. A2 - Roberts, D.C. A2 - Zhai, P. A2 - Slade, R. A2 - Connors, S. A2 - van Diemen, R. A2 - Ferrat, M. A2 - Haughey, E. A2 - Luz, S. A2 - Neogi, S. A2 - Pathak, M. A2 - Petzold, J. A2 - Portugal Pereira, J. A2 - Vyas, P. A2 - Kissick, K. A2 - Belkacemi, M. A2 - Malley, J. DA - 2019/08/08/ PY - 2019 DP - research.vu.nl SP - 77 EP - 129 LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - Der Fleischverbrauch in Österreich von 1950-2010. Trends und Drivers als Zusammenspiel von Angebot und Nachfrage. Social Ecology Working Paper 139 AU - Willerstorfer, Theresa CY - Vienna DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 PB - Willer H, Lernoud J. Frick and Bonn: FiBL and IFOAM ER - TY - JOUR TI - Drivers of meat consumption AU - Milford, Anna Birgitte AU - Le Mouel, Chantal AU - Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon AU - Rolinski, Susanne T2 - Appetite DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 VL - 141 SP - 104313 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Curbing global meat consumption: Emerging evidence of a second nutrition transition AU - Vranken, Liesbet AU - Avermaete, Tessa AU - Petalios, Dimitrios AU - Mathijs, Erik T2 - Environmental Science & Policy DA - 2014/05// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2014.02.009 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 39 SP - 95 EP - 106 J2 - Environmental Science & Policy LA - en SN - 14629011 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global trends in meat consumption AU - Whitnall, Tim AU - Pitts, Nathan T2 - Agricultural Commodities AB - Global meat consumption increased by 58% over the 20 years to 2018 to reach 360million tonnes. Population growth accounted for 54% of this increase and per person consumption growth accounted for t... DA - 2019/03// PY - 2019 DP - search.informit.org LA - EN UR - https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.309517990386547 Y2 - 2021/07/16/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Soziologie des Essens. Eine sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Einführung in die Ernährungsforschung. AU - Barlösius, Eva AB - Soziologie des Essens von Eva Barlösius (ISBN 978-3-7799-4504-8) online kaufen | Sofort-Download - lehmanns.de CY - Weinheim, Basel DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 VL - 3 PB - Beltz Juventa ER - TY - CHAP TI - Nachhaltige Produktion, nachhaltiger Konsum, nachhaltige Arbeit. The greening of capitalism AU - Littig, Beate AU - Brunner, Karl-Michael T2 - Die sozial-ökologische Transformation der Welt CY - Frankfurt am Main DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 SP - 215 EP - 242 PB - Campus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Actual land demand of Austria 1926–2000: a variation on Ecological Footprint assessments AU - Erb, Karl-Heinz T2 - Land Use Policy T3 - Land use and sustainability Indicators AB - This paper assesses the area demand of Austria in the 75 years from 1926 to 2000. In order to estimate the area of arable land, pastures and forests needed to sustain Austria's socio-economic metabolism I used country-specific yields, contrary to the conventional Ecological Footprint approach that expresses its results in global average hectares. This study explicitly assesses the countries of origin of all imported biomass products. Forest areas were evaluated using two methods. In the ‘production’ approach country-specific felling rates were used, in the ‘sustainable yield approach’ wood increment per country was taken as a proxy for maximum sustainable yield. Austria's overall area demand is considerably larger than the biologically productive area of its own territory during the entire time period, mainly due to fossil fuel consumption. If only biomass use and built-up land are taken into account, both the production and the sustainable yield approach show an almost constant area demand from 1926 to 2000. In the production approach Austria's area demand is slightly larger than Austria's bioproductive area, in the sustainable yield approach it is slightly smaller. The area needed to support Austria's imports is mainly located in neighbouring countries. In earlier years eastern European countries (e.g., Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Serbia) play a major role, whereas in the recent decades the EU-15 countries are the main providers of Austrian area imports. In 2000, the area required to maintain imports is of a similar size as domestically used land, except for grasslands, demonstrating the dependence of Austria's socio-economic metabolism on regional or even global markets. This study shows that area demand depends on two factors: consumption level and yields per hectare. In the case of Austria, considerable increases in consumption were counterbalanced by yield surges. Indicators of area demand should therefore be complemented by indicators that evaluate the environmental effects of land use. DA - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2003.10.010 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 247 EP - 259 J2 - Land Use Policy SN - 0264-8377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Implications of agricultural bioenergy crop production in a land constrained economy – The example of Austria AU - Stürmer, B. AU - Schmidt, J. AU - Schmid, E. AU - Sinabell, F. T2 - Land Use Policy AB - Ambitious renewable energy targets have been implemented in the EU that can only be attained if further policy measures are taken to boost, among others, bioenergy production on agricultural land. The aim of this article is to explore consequences for land use, environment, and policy if bioenergy crop production will be expanded in Austria considering constrained arable land availability. In a policy experiment, we assess the bio-physical and economic production potentials of bioenergy crops and explore the trade-offs between food, feed and bioenergy crop production on arable lands in Austria. In particular, we analyze how costly it is to expand domestic bioenergy crop production by employing an integrated modeling framework using an elaborated set of bio-physical and economic data. The results indicate that an expansion of bioenergy crop production for first and second generation biofuels would imply significant adjustment costs for the agricultural sector. Furthermore, increasing feedstock production would have significant impacts on land use and fertilizer intensity levels. The economic analysis considers regional contexts and bio-physical site conditions, which should better reflect the differences in opportunity costs, and hence, lead to higher feedstock costs as estimated in previous studies. Subsidies on domestic bioenergy crop production induce higher regional food and feed prices as well as leads to higher land prices in a land constrained economy. DA - 2013/01/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.04.020 VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 570 EP - 581 J2 - Land Use Policy SN - 0264-8377 N1 -number: 1
ER - TY - BOOK TI - Ökonomische Auswirkungen der neuen gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen bezüglich biogener Treibstoffe in Österreich AU - Tribl, Christoph CY - Wien DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 PB - Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring the biophysical option space for feeding the world without deforestation AU - Erb, Karl-Heinz AU - Lauk, Christian AU - Kastner, Thomas AU - Mayer, Andreas AU - Theurl, Michaela C. AU - Haberl, Helmut T2 - Nature Communications DA - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1038/ncomms11382 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 11382 J2 - Nat Commun LA - en SN - 2041-1723 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meat consumption, health, and the environment AU - Godfray, H. Charles J. AU - Aveyard, Paul AU - Garnett, Tara AU - Hall, Jim W. AU - Key, Timothy J. AU - Lorimer, Jamie AU - Pierrehumbert, Ray T. AU - Scarborough, Peter AU - Springmann, Marco AU - Jebb, Susan A. T2 - Science AB - The future of meat Meat consumption is rising annually as human populations grow and affluence increases. Godfray et al. review this trend, which has major negative consequences for land and water use and environmental change. Although meat is a concentrated source of nutrients for low-income families, it also enhances the risks of chronic ill health, such as from colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease. Changing meat consumption habits is a challenge that requires identifying the complex social factors associated with meat eating and developing policies for effective interventions. Science, this issue p. eaam5324 Structured Abstract BACKGROUNDThe global average per capita consumption of meat and the total amount of meat consumed are rising (see the figure), driven by increasing average individual incomes and by population growth. Growth rates vary across different regions, with consumption in high-income countries static or declining and in middle-income countries moderately to strongly increasing, whereas in low-income countries, meat consumption is on average low and stable. There has been a particularly marked increase in the global consumption of chicken and pork. The consumption of different types of meat and meat products has substantial effects on people’s health, and livestock production can have major negative effects on the environment. ADVANCESMeat is a good source of energy and some essential nutrients—including protein and micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12—although it is possible to obtain a sufficient intake of these nutrients without eating meat if a wide variety of other foods is available and consumed. In high-income Western countries, large prospective studies and meta-analyses generally show that total mortality rates are modestly higher in participants who have high intakes of red and processed meat. The strongest evidence of a specific adverse effect is the increased risk of colorectal cancer with high intakes of processed meat.Meat produces more emissions per unit of energy compared with that of plant-based foods because energy is lost at each trophic level. Within types of meat, ruminant production usually leads to more emissions than that of nonruminant mammals, and poultry production usually leads to less emissions than that of mammals. Meat production is the single most important source of methane, which has a relatively high warming potential but a low half-life in the environment compared with that of CO2. Careful management of grassland systems can contribute to carbon storage, but the net benefits are likely to be relatively modest. Agriculture uses more freshwater than any other human activity, with nearly a third required for livestock, so meat production in water-stressed areas is a major competitor with other uses of water, including that required to maintain natural ecosystems. Meat production can be an important source of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other pollutants and affects biodiversity—in particular, through land conversion to pasture and arable feed crops. OUTLOOKGovernments act to shape food systems for economic purposes and to protect health from contaminated food. But there is less agreement over the degree to which the state should use health, environmental, or animal welfare considerations to control the supply of meat through interventions that affect the production, sale, processing, and distribution of meat and meat products or the price to the consumer.If we are to shape consumer demand, more evidence is needed about the effectiveness of different interventions to influence food selection. This may include interventions that affect either the conscious, reflective decision-making systems or nonconscious, automatic processes. Potential interventions within the rational choice paradigm include labeling schemes (based on health or environmental criteria) and certification programs (based on welfare or environmental considerations) or fiscal interventions (such as so-called fat taxes). Alternatively, the largely automatic responses to environmental cues that affect purchase and consumption behaviors can be manipulated by changes to the food environment, in retail and food consumption settings.History suggests that change in dietary behaviors in response to interventions is slow. But social norms can and do change, and this process can be aided by the coordinated efforts of civil society, health organizations, and government. However, successful interventions to improve health and environmental objectives are likely to require a good understanding of the impact of meat consumption on these outcomes, as well as a license from society for governments and other bodies to implement a suite of interventions to stimulate change.
Download high-res image Open in new tab Download Powerpoint Total consumption of meat (in million metric tons) in different regions and (inset) globally.[Data are from www.fao.org/faostat/en/?#data.]
Both the global average per capita consumption of meat and the total amount of meat consumed are rising, driven by increasing average individual incomes and by population growth. The consumption of different types of meat and meat products has substantial effects on people’s health, and livestock production can have major negative effects on the environment. Here, we explore the evidence base for these assertions and the options policy-makers have should they wish to intervene to affect population meat consumption. We highlight where more research is required and the great importance of integrating insights from the natural and social sciences.
DA - 2018/07/20/
PY - 2018
DO - 10.1126/science.aam5324
DP - science.sciencemag.org
VL - 361
IS - 6399
LA - en
SN - 0036-8075, 1095-9203
UR - https://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6399/eaam5324
Y2 - 2021/03/05/
N1 - publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
section: Review
PMID: 30026199
issue: Diskussionspa-pier DP-09-2004
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Arbeiten zur Evaluierung von ÖPUL-Maßnahmen hinsichtlich ihrer Klimawirksamkeit, Schwerpunkt agrarische Bewirtschaftung AU - Freudenschuß, Alexandra AU - Sedy, Katrin AU - Zethner, Gerhard AU - Spiegel, Heide AB - Das Agrarumweltprogramm ÖPUL 2007 ist Teil des Programms Ländliche Entwicklung 2007–2013 und sieht Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Umwelt und der Landschaft vor. Die Umweltauswirkungen dieser Maßnahmen sind in einem Halbzeitevaluierungsbericht 2010 an die Europäische Kommission zu übermitteln und umfassen erstmals deren Klimarelevanz. Landwirtschaftliche Bewirtschaftungsmethoden beeinflussen die Speicherung von organischem Kohlenstoff (Corg) in Ackerböden, die Humusbildung und die Lachgasemissionen. Sie können daher die Freisetzung klimarelevanter Gase aus den Böden vermindern und damit einen wesentlichen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz leisten. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Projekts wurden die Auswirkungen ausgewählter ÖPUL-Maßnahmen in Hinblick auf ihre Klimawirksamkeit untersucht. Es wurden folgende – insbesondere Humus schonende und Dünger reduzierende – ÖPUL-Maßnahmen berücksichtigt: Biologische Wirtschaftsweise (BIO), Verzicht auf ertragssteigernde Betriebsmittel, umweltgerechte Bewirtschaftung von Acker- und Grünlandflächen (UBAG), Begrünung, Untersaat bei Mais sowie Mulch- und Direktsaat. Die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Bewirtschaftungsweisen auf den Gehalt an organischem Kohlenstoff im Boden wurden zunächst in Langzeitversuchen der Österreichischen Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit (AGES) analysiert. Die Ergebnisse wurden einerseits für die Ableitung von Managementfaktoren und andererseits zur Überprüfung einer Modellanwendung für die Humusbilanzierung herangezogen. Diese abgeleiteten Managementfaktoren (Änderung des Corg-Gehaltes durch Bodenbewirtschaftung) wurden mit jenen des Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) verglichen. Eine gute Übereinstimmung zeigte sich für die Faktoren der Corg-Änderungen aufgrund von Bodenbearbeitung, Abfuhr der Ernterückstände und Gründüngung. Schlechter war die Übereinstimmung bei jenen für die Anwendung von organischen Düngern (z. B. Stallmist) und bei der Landnutzung. Eine wesentliche Grundlage für die Berechnung der Humus- und Stickstoffbilanzierung auf regionaler und nationaler Ebene stellen die Daten aus INVEKOS, dem Integrierten Verwaltungs- und Kontrollsystem zur Abwicklung von flächenbezogenen Beihilfen in der Landwirtschaft, dar. Aus den Ergebnissen dieser Bilanzierungen zeigt sich, dass die ÖPUL-Maßnahmen BIO, Begrünung von Ackerflächen und Verzicht auf ertragssteigernde Betriebsmittel in Bezug auf die Bewirtschaftung von Ackerböden eine bessere Treibhausgasbilanz bewirken. Zudem wurden Anregungen für die Diskussion zur Weiterentwickung der ÖPUL-Maßnahmen erarbeitet. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 LA - Deutsch DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur Y2 - 2019/09/13/ N1 -KapBespiel
ER - TY - RPRT TI - Boden und Klima Einflussfaktoren, Daten, Massnahmen und Anpassungsmöglichkeiten. AU - BMLFUW CY - Wien DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 SP - 81 PB - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwisschaft DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur ER - TY - RPRT TI - Wirkungen des Programms der Ländlichen Entwicklung 2007/2013 in Österreich auf den Agrarsektor, die Volkswirtschaft und ausgewählte Bereiche der Lebensqualität AU - Sinabell, Franz AU - Pennerstorfer, Dieter AU - Streicher, Gerhard AU - Kirchner, Mathias AB - Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Wien - Austrian Institute of Economic Research Vienna CY - Wien DA - 2016/03// PY - 2016 SP - 72 PB - Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (WIFO) und Universität für Bodenkultur Wien (BOKU) SN - 2016/084-2/S/WIFO-Projektnummer: 1015 UR - http://www.wifo.ac.at/publikationen?detail-view=yes&publikation_id=58641 Y2 - 2016/04/12/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Eine Zwischenbilanz zu den Wirkungen des Programms der Ländlichen Entwicklung 2014-2020 AU - Sinabell, Franz AU - Bock-Schappelwein, Julia AU - Firgo, Matthias AU - Friesenbichler, Klaus S. AU - Piribauer, Philipp AU - Streicher, Gerhard AU - Gerner, Ludwig AU - Kirchner, Mathias AU - Kantelhardt, Jochen AU - Niedermayr, Andreas AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Mayer, Christina CY - Wien DA - 2019/05// PY - 2019 PB - Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Statistik Austria SN - 2019/143/A/WIFO-Projektnummer: 1618 UR - http://www.wifo.ac.at/publikationen?detail-view=yes&publikation_id=58641 Y2 - 2016/04/12/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Zwölfter Umweltkontrollbericht - Umweltsituation in Österreich AU - Umweltbundesamt CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 SP - 206 M3 - Report PB - Umweltbundesamt GmbH SN - REP-0684 UR - https://www.umweltbundesamt.at/fileadmin/site/publikationen/rep0684.pdf DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur N1 -ISBN: 978-3-99004-503-9
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Reduced Tillage Systems and Cover Crops on Sugar Beet Yield and Quality, Ground Water Recharge and Nitrogen Leaching in the Pannonic Region Marchfeld, Austria AU - Schmid, E. AU - Sinabell, F. AU - Liebhard, P. T2 - Pflanzenbauwissenschaften DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the choice of farm management practices after the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy in 2003 AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Sinabell, Franz T2 - Journal of Environmental Management DA - 2007/02// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.12.027 DP - CrossRef VL - 82 IS - 3 SP - 332 EP - 340 SN - 03014797 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial impacts of the CAP post-2013 and climate change scenarios on agricultural intensification and environment in Austria AU - Kirchner, Mathias AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Ecological Economics AB - We assess impacts of the latest CAP reform and regional climate change scenarios on agricultural land use intensification and environment in Austria for the period 2025–2040. A spatially explicit integrated assessment based on sequentially coupled models quantifies the impacts at a 1km grid resolution in order to take into account the heterogeneity of agricultural production and environment. The CAP post-2013 will lead to a shift in direct payments from cropland to grassland dominated production regions as well as to a slight decrease in regional producer surpluses in Austria. The economic impact of climate change scenarios depends on the spatial location and the precipitation scenario. The CAP post-2013 will lead to intensification of agricultural land use in favorable cropland and grassland regions as well as to extensification in marginal areas. Regional climate change amplifies land use intensification with increases in crop and forage yields, e.g. in Alpine regions, and land use extensification with declining crop yields, e.g. in eastern cropland regions. Environmental indicators deteriorate at national level in all scenarios. Spatially highly diverging impacts call for more targeted policy measures. DA - 2016/03/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.12.009 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 123 SP - 35 EP - 56 J2 - Ecological Economics LA - en SN - 0921-8009 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelled impacts of policies and climate change on land use and water quality in Austria AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Trautvetter, Helene AU - Parajka, Juraj AU - Blaschke, Alfred Paul AU - Hepp, Gerold AU - Kirchner, Mathias AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Strenn, Birgit AU - Zessner, Matthias T2 - Land Use Policy AB - Climate change is a major driver of land use with implications for the quality and quantity of water resources. We apply a novel integrated impact modelling framework (IIMF) to analyze climate change impacts until 2040 and stakeholder driven scenarios on water protection policies for sustainable management of land and water resources in Austria. The IIMF mainly consists of the sequentially linked bio-physical process model EPIC, the regional land use optimization model PASMA[grid], the quantitative precipitation/runoff TUWmodel, and the nutrient emission model MONERIS. Three climate scenarios with identical temperature trends but diverging precipitation patterns shall represent uncertainty ranges from climate change, i.e. a dry and wet situation. Water protection policies are clustered to two policy portfolios WAP_I and WAP_II, which are targeted to regions (WAP_I) or applied at the national scale (WAP_II). Policies cover agri-environmental programs and legal standards and tackle management measures such as restrictions in fertilizer, soil and crop rotation management as well as establishment of buffer strips. Results show that average national agricultural gross margin varies by ±2%, but regional impacts are more pronounced particularly under a climate scenario with decreasing precipitation sums. WAP_I can alleviate pressures compared to the business as usual scenario but does not lead to the achievement of environmental quality standards for P in all rivers. WAP_II further reduces total nutrient emissions but at higher total private land use costs. At the national average, total private land use costs for reducing nutrient emission loads in surface waters are 60–200 €/kg total N and 120–250 €/kg total P with precipitation and the degree of regional targeting as drivers. To conclude, the IIMF is able to capture the interfaces between climate change, land use, and water quality in a policy context. Despite efforts to improve model linkages and the robustness of model output, uncertainty propagations in integrated modelling frameworks need to be tackled in subsequent studies. DA - 2018/07/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.02.031 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 76 SP - 500 EP - 514 J2 - Land Use Policy LA - en SN - 0264-8377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy: On the Right Track to Become Greener and Fairer? AU - Heinrich, Barbara AU - Holst, Carsten AU - Lakner, Sebastian T2 - Gaia-Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - ISI Web of Knowledge VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 20 EP - 24 J2 - GAIA LA - German SN - 0940-5550 N1 -WOS:000316589700006
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Between Smallholder Traditions and “Ecological Modernisation” – Agricultural Transformation, Landscape Change and the Cap in Austria 1995–2015 AU - Kurz, Peter T2 - European Countryside AB -The paper explores transformations in agriculture during the period 1995–2015 and shows their impact on rural landscapes in the case of Austria. When Austria joined the European Union in 1995, this meant a minor gash in agricultural politics, from broad support of smallholder agriculture to a programme of modernisation and rationalisation. Austrian politicians defined this shift as a process of “ecological modernisation” (Fischler et al. 1994), incorporating agri-environmental schemes as instruments and modifying existing programmes of direct payments. The survey forms the groundwork for a discussion on landscape effects of the CAP as an “ecological” modernisation programme and possible impact of the CAP-reform 2020.
publisher: Sciendo
section: European Countryside
number: 1
publisher: Agrárgazdasági Kutató Intézet
PMID: 24904142
ER - TY - BOOK TI - Eine Auswahl von Nachhaltigkeitsindikatoren für die österreichische Land- und Forstwirtschaft im internationalen Vergleich. Aktualisierung 2018 AU - Sinabell, Franz CY - Wien DA - 2018/06// PY - 2018 PB - WIFO UR - http://www.wifo.ac.at/wwa/pubid/61985 DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transitions in European land-management regimes between 1800 and 2010 AU - Jepsen, Martin Rudbeck AU - Kuemmerle, Tobias AU - Müller, Daniel AU - Erb, Karlheinz AU - Verburg, Peter H. AU - Haberl, Helmut AU - Vesterager, Jens Peter AU - Andrič, Maja AU - Antrop, Marc AU - Austrheim, Gunnar AU - Björn, Ismo AU - Bondeau, Alberte AU - Bürgi, Matthias AU - Bryson, Jessica AU - Caspar, Gilles AU - Cassar, Louis F. AU - Conrad, Elisabeth AU - Chromý, Pavel AU - Daugirdas, Vidmantas AU - Van Eetvelde, Veerle AU - Elena-Rosselló, Ramon AU - Gimmi, Urs AU - Izakovicova, Zita AU - Jančák, Vít AU - Jansson, Ulf AU - Kladnik, Drago AU - Kozak, Jacek AU - Konkoly-Gyuró, Eva AU - Krausmann, Fridolin AU - Mander, Ülo AU - McDonagh, John AU - Pärn, Jaan AU - Niedertscheider, Maria AU - Nikodemus, Olgerts AU - Ostapowicz, Katarzyna AU - Pérez-Soba, Marta AU - Pinto-Correia, Teresa AU - Ribokas, Gintaras AU - Rounsevell, Mark AU - Schistou, Despoina AU - Schmit, Claude AU - Terkenli, Theano S. AU - Tretvik, Aud M. AU - Trzepacz, Piotr AU - Vadineanu, Angheluta AU - Walz, Ariane AU - Zhllima, Edvin AU - Reenberg, Anette T2 - Land Use Policy AB - Land use is a cornerstone of human civilization, but also intrinsically linked to many global sustainability challenges—from climate change to food security to the ongoing biodiversity crisis. Understanding the underlying technological, institutional and economic drivers of land-use change, and how they play out in different environmental, socio-economic and cultural contexts, is therefore important for identifying effective policies to successfully address these challenges. In this regard, much can be learned from studying long-term land-use change. We examined the evolution of European land management over the past 200 years with the aim of identifying (1) key episodes of changes in land management, and (2) their underlying technological, institutional and economic drivers. To do so, we generated narratives elaborating on the drivers of land use-change at the country level for 28 countries in Europe. We qualitatively grouped drivers into land-management regimes, and compared changes in management regimes across Europe. Our results allowed discerning seven land-management regimes, and highlighted marked heterogeneity regarding the types of management regimes occurring in a particular country, the timing and prevalence of regimes, and the conditions that result in observed bifurcations. However, we also found strong similarities across countries in the timing of certain land-management regime shifts, often in relation to institutional reforms (e.g., changes in EU agrarian policies or the emergence and collapse of the Soviet land management paradigm) or to technological innovations (e.g., drainage pipes, tillage and harvesting machinery, motorization, and synthetic fertilizers). Land reforms frequently triggered changes in land management, and the location and timing of reforms had substantial impacts on land-use outcomes. Finally, forest protection policies and voluntary cooperatives were important drivers of land-management changes. Overall, our results demonstrate that land-system changes should not be conceived as unidirectional developments following predefined trajectories, but rather as path-dependent processes that may be affected by various drivers, including sudden events. DA - 2015/12/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.07.003 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 49 SP - 53 EP - 64 J2 - Land Use Policy LA - en SN - 0264-8377 ER - TY - STAT TI - EEC 91/676 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources AU - 91/676/EEC T2 - 91/676/EEC DA - 1991/12/12/ PY - 1991 ET - European Council SP - 8 M1 - 91/676/EEC UR - https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:31991L0676&from=DE Y2 - 2020/01/08/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Grüner Bericht 2016 - Bericht über die Situation der österreichischen Land- und Forstwirtschaft AU - BMLFUW CY - Wien DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwisschaft UR - https://gruenerbericht.at/cm4/jdownload/download/2-gr-bericht-terreich/1650-gb2016 DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur Y2 - 2020/06/23/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Experiences with Fertilizer Taxes in Europe AU - Rougoor, C. W. AU - Zeijts, H. Van AU - Hofreither, M. F. AU - Bäckman, S. T2 - Journal of Environmental Planning and Management AB - A levy on nitrogen fertilizer is evaluated, using real life experiences in Austria, Finland and Sweden until 1995. In these countries such a levy system was introduced in 1986, 1976 and 1985, respectively. Rates varied from between 10% and 72% of the price of fertilizer. Price elasticity in these situations was estimated to vary between ‐ 0.1 and ‐ 0.5. In Austria the fertilizer industry at first did not pass the costs of the levy on to the farmers, but fertilizer use decreased by 15%, indicating that not only economic stimuli but also other aspects, such as a growing environmental awareness, influence fertilizer use as well. The decrease in fertilizer use in the three countries has probably led to a reduction of nitrogen load to the environment. Levy revenues were mainly used to support grain exports. Administration costs were low, about 0.75% of the tax revenues. It is concluded that a fertilizer tax as a policy instrument is not a perfect method, but that such economic instruments can be part of an effective policy mix to solve nitrogen problems. DA - 2001/11/01/ PY - 2001 DO - 10.1080/09640560120087615 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 44 IS - 6 SP - 877 EP - 887 SN - 0964-0568 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09640560120087615 Y2 - 2019/03/05/ ER - TY - CASE TI - EU 2000/60 Wasserrichtlinie AU - EU 2000/60 DA - 2000/10/23/ PY - 2000 SP - 72 UR - https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:5c835afb-2ec6-4577-bdf8-756d3d694eeb.0003.02/DOC_1&format=PDF ER - TY - CONF TI - Die Umsetzung der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie in Österreich - Bedeutung für die Landwirtschaft AU - Schenker, Paul AU - Fenz, Robert T2 - 2. Umweltökologisches Symposium 2010 C1 - Raumberg-Gumpenstein C3 - 2. Umweltökologisches Symposium 2010 DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 SP - 5 EP - 8 PB - Lehr- und Forschungszentrum für Landwirtschaft SN - 978-3-902559-41-8 ER - TY - RPRT TI - EU Nitratrichtlinie 91/676/EWG: Österreichischer Bericht 2016 - Gemäß Artikel 10 der EU Richtlinie 91/676/EWG zum Schutz von Gewässern vor der Verunreinigung durch Nitrat aus landwirtschaftlichen Quellen über den Zeitraum 2011 - 2015 AU - BMLFUW CY - Wien DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 SP - 66 UR - https://www.bmlrt.gv.at/wasser/wasser-eu-international/europaeische_wasserpolitik/Nitratbericht_2016.html DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur Y2 - 2020/06/23/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Richtlinie für die sachgerechte Düngung im Ackerbau und Grünland - Anleitung zur Interpretation von Bodenuntersuchungsergebnissen in der Landwirtschaft - 7. Auflage AU - BMLFUW CY - Wien DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DP - Google Scholar SP - 117 PB - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft (BMLFUW) UR - https://www.ages.at/download/0/0/4bfee71413a6aa535d2e753fef27f17769bb2507/fileadmin/AGES2015/Service/Landwirtschaft/Boden_Datein/Broschueren/Richtlinien_fuer_die_sachgerechte_Duengung_im_Ackerbau_und_Gruenland_7_Auflage.pdf DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur Y2 - 2020/06/23/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Kommunales Abwasser: Österreichischer Bericht 2016 AU - BMLFUW CY - Wien DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 SP - 138 PB - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwisschaft UR - https://www.bmlrt.gv.at/service/publikationen/wasser/Kommunales-Abwasser----sterreichischer-Bericht-2016.html DB - SR-LU_graue_Literatur Y2 - 2020/06/23/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Ökonomische Potentialanalysen zur landwirtschaftlichen Biomasse- und Bioenergieproduktion in Österreich / eingereicht von Bernhard Stürmer AU - Stürmer, Bernhard AB - Hochschulschriften. Ökonomische Potentialanalysen zur landwirtschaftlichen Biomasse- und Bioenergieproduktion in Österreich / eingereicht von Bernhard Stürmer. 2011 DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - epub.boku.ac.at LA - de UR - http://epub.boku.ac.at/obvbokhs/1930273 Y2 - 2020/08/10/ N1 -University: Wien
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cost-effective policy instruments for greenhouse gas emission reduction and fossil fuel substitution through bioenergy production in Austria AU - Schmidt, Johannes AU - Leduc, Sylvain AU - Dotzauer, Erik AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Energy Policy DA - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.018 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 3261 EP - 3280 J2 - Energy Policy LA - en SN - 03014215 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Österreichischer Sachstandsbericht Klimawandel 2014 =: Austrian assessment report 2014 (AAR14) A2 - Austrian Panel on Climate Change A2 - Kromp-Kolb, Helga A3 - Austrian Panel on Climate Change A3 - Kromp-Kolb, Helga CN - QC903.2.A9 A97 2014 CY - Wien DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DP - Library of Congress ISBN SP - 1096 LA - de PB - Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften SN - 978-3-7001-7699-2 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Biokraftstoffe im Verkehrssektor 2019 AU - BMNT CY - Wien DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - Bundesministerium für Nachhaltigkeit und Tourismus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Feldfruchtproduktion ab 1970 AU - Statistik Austria DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - https://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/wirtschaft/land_und_forstwirtschaft/agrarstruktur_flaechen_ertraege/feldfruechte/index.html Y2 - 2020/08/10/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gesamtenergiebilanz Österreich 1970 bis 2016 AU - Statistik Austria DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/energie_umwelt_innovation_mobilitaet/energie_und_umwelt/energie/energiebilanzen/index.html Y2 - 2020/08/10/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Will EU biofuel policies affect global agricultural markets? AU - Banse, Martin AU - van Meijl, Hans AU - Tabeau, Andrzej AU - Woltjer, Geert T2 - European Review of Agricultural Economics AB - Abstract. This article assesses the implications of the EU Biofuels Directive (BFD) using a computable general equilibrium framework with endogenous land suppl DA - 2008/06/01/ PY - 2008 DO - 10.1093/erae/jbn023 DP - academic.oup.com VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 117 EP - 141 J2 - Eur Rev Agric Econ LA - en SN - 0165-1587 UR - https://academic.oup.com/erae/article/35/2/117/447578 Y2 - 2020/08/10/ N1 -publisher: Oxford Academic
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global land-use implications of first and second generation biofuel targets AU - Havlík, Petr AU - Schneider, Uwe A. AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Böttcher, Hannes AU - Fritz, Steffen AU - Skalský, Rastislav AU - Aoki, Kentaro AU - Cara, Stéphane De AU - Kindermann, Georg AU - Kraxner, Florian AU - Leduc, Sylvain AU - McCallum, Ian AU - Mosnier, Aline AU - Sauer, Timm AU - Obersteiner, Michael T2 - Energy Policy AB - Recently, an active debate has emerged around greenhouse gas emissions due to indirect land use change (iLUC) of expanding agricultural areas dedicated to biofuel production. In this paper we provide a detailed analysis of the iLUC effect, and further address the issues of deforestation, irrigation water use, and crop price increases due to expanding biofuel acreage. We use GLOBIOM – an economic partial equilibrium model of the global forest, agriculture, and biomass sectors with a bottom-up representation of agricultural and forestry management practices. The results indicate that second generation biofuel production fed by wood from sustainably managed existing forests would lead to a negative iLUC factor, meaning that overall emissions are 27% lower compared to the “No biofuel” scenario by 2030. The iLUC factor of first generation biofuels global expansion is generally positive, requiring some 25 years to be paid back by the GHG savings from the substitution of biofuels for conventional fuels. Second generation biofuels perform better also with respect to the other investigated criteria; on the condition that they are not sourced from dedicated plantations directly competing for agricultural land. If so, then efficient first generation systems are preferable. Since no clear technology champion for all situations exists, we would recommend targeting policy instruments directly at the positive and negative effects of biofuel production rather than at the production itself. DA - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.030 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 39 IS - 10 SP - 5690 EP - 5702 J2 - Energy Policy SN - 0301-4215 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030142151000193X Y2 - 2013/04/10/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of the German Renewable Energy Act on structural change in agriculture – The case of biogas AU - Appel, Franziska AU - Ostermeyer-Wiethaup, Arlette AU - Balmann, Alfons T2 - Utilities Policy AB - The strong political support for biogas production in Germany over the past decade has greatly affected agricultural production, farms and land markets. This paper analyzes the effects of Germany's biogas policies on agricultural development by using the agent-based simulation model AgriPoliS. Particular focus is placed on the effects of the previous German Renewable Energy Act (REA, German “EEG”) of 2012, as well as the latest amendments, which were added in 2014. Our results show that under the previous REA and its predecessors, biogas production provided an attractive investment opportunity, especially for large farms, which led to a boost in biogas production. However, this policy also caused distortions within the agricultural sector, including increasing land rental prices. These effects particularly threatened farms that were not able to invest in biogas, as well as smaller biogas farms. On average, biogas farms could not increase their profitability. The main reason for this effect can be seen in the fact that a significant share of the value added is transferred via increased rental prices to land owners. The amendment of the REA in 2014, which reduced support levels substantially, partly attenuates some of these effects, though the previous policy will cast a long shadow. DA - 2016/08/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.jup.2016.02.013 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 41 SP - 172 EP - 182 J2 - Utilities Policy LA - en SN - 0957-1787 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957178716300650 Y2 - 2020/08/11/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Moorkultivierung für Land- und Forstwirtschaft AU - Göttlich, Karlhans AU - Kuntze, H. T2 - Moor- und Torfkunde A2 - Göttlich, Karlhans CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 1990/// PY - 1990 SN - 978-3-510-65139-9 UR - http://www.schweizerbart.de//publications/detail/isbn/9783510651399/Moor_und_Torfkunde__Herausg_K_Gottl ER - TY - CHAP TI - Moorkultivierung für Land- und Forstwirtschaft AU - Göttlich, Karlhans AU - Kuntze, H. T2 - Moor- und Torfkunde A2 - Göttlich, Karlhans CY - Stuttgart, Germany DA - 1990/// PY - 1990 SN - 978-3-510-65139-9 UR - http://www.schweizerbart.de//publications/detail/isbn/9783510651399/Moor_und_Torfkunde__Herausg_K_Gottl ER - TY - RPRT TI - Marktbericht - Milch und Milchprodukte - Dezember 2020 AU - AMA CY - Wien DA - 2020/12// PY - 2020 PB - Agrarmarkt Austria ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vom Römerlager Vindobona zur Donauinsel: Donauregulierungen im Wiener Stadtgebiet AU - Michlmayr, Franz T2 - Stapfia DA - 1997/// PY - 1997 DP - Google Scholar VL - 51 SP - 13 EP - 25 ER - TY - BOOK TI - 100 Jahre Ennsregulierung. Festschrift. AU - Güntschl, Ernst CY - Wien DA - 1960/// PY - 1960 SP - Verlag Natur und Technik LA - Deutsch ER - TY - CHAP TI - Die Moore im Ennstal AU - Knöbl, G. T2 - 100 Jahre Ennsregulierung. Festschrift. A2 - Güntschl, Ernst CY - Wien DA - 1960/// PY - 1960 DP - Google Scholar SP - 74 EP - 81 PB - Verlag Natur u. Technik ER - TY - JOUR TI - Vulnerability of mires under climate change: implications for nature conservation and climate change adaptation AU - Essl, Franz AU - Dullinger, Stefan AU - Moser, Dietmar AU - Rabitsch, Wolfgang AU - Kleinbauer, Ingrid T2 - Biodiversity and Conservation AB - Wetlands in general and mires in particular belong to the most important terrestrial carbon stocks globally. Mires (i.e. bogs, transition bogs and fens) are assumed to be especially vulnerable to climate change because they depend on specific, namely cool and humid, climatic conditions. In this paper, we use distribution data of the nine mire types to be found in Austria and habitat distribution models for four IPCC scenarios to evaluate climate change induced risks for mire ecosystems within the 21st century. We found that climatic factors substantially contribute to explain the current distribution of all nine Austrian mire ecosystem types. Summer temperature proved to be the most important predictor for the majority of mire ecosystems. Precipitation—mostly spring and summer precipitation sums—was influential for some mire ecosystem types which depend partly or entirely on ground water supply (e.g. fens). We found severe climate change induced risks for all mire ecosystems, with rain-fed bog ecosystems being most threatened. Differences between scenarios are moderate for the mid-21st century, but become more pronounced towards the end of the 21st century, with near total loss of climate space projected for some ecosystem types (bogs, quagmires) under severe climate change. Our results imply that even under minimum expected, i.e. inevitable climate change, climatic risks for mires in Austria will be considerable. Nevertheless, the pronounced differences in projected habitat loss between moderate and severe climate change scenarios indicate that limiting future warming will likely contribute to enhance long-term survival of mire ecosystems, and to reduce future greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing peat. Effectively stopping and reversing the deterioration of mire ecosystems caused by conventional threats can be regarded as a contribution to climate change mitigation. Because hydrologically intact mires are more resilient to climatic changes, this would also maintain the nature conservation value of mires, and help to reduce the severe climatic risks to which most Austrian mire ecosystems may be exposed in the 2nd half of the 21st century according to IPCC scenarios. DA - 2012/03/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1007/s10531-011-0206-x DP - Springer Link VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 655 EP - 669 J2 - Biodivers Conserv LA - en SN - 1572-9710 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptiveness to enhance the sustainability of farming systems. A review AU - Darnhofer, Ika AU - Bellon, Stéphane AU - Dedieu, Benoît AU - Milestad, Rebecka T2 - Agronomy for Sustainable Development AB - During the last decade the context in which farmers must manage their farm has changed rapidly, and often with little warning. Dramatic price swings for agricultural commodities, more stringent quality requirements, new environmental regulations, the debates surrounding genetically modified crops, extreme climatic events, the demand for energy crops, the revision of the Common Agricultural Policy and the consequences of the financial crisis all create uncertainty regarding future threats and potentials. During such turbulent times, a one-sided focus on efficient production is no longer enough. Farmers also need to be able to cope with unexpected events and to adapt to new developments. Based on a literature review, we identify three strategies that strengthen the adaptive capacity of a farm: learning through experimenting and monitoring its outcomes, ensuring a flexible farm organisation to increase the options for new activities by the farm family, and diversifying to spread risks and create buffers. Implementing these strategies enlarges the farmer’s room to manoeuvre and allows identifying transition options. These options do not depend only on the farm itself, but also on the farmer’s ability to mobilise external resources and to engage in collective action. Change is then no longer seen as a disturbance, but as a trigger for the reorganisation of resources, and for the renewal of the farm organisation and activities. Implementing these strategies comes at a cost, so that farmers need to tackle the inevitable trade-offs between efficiency and adaptability. However, unless farmers master this challenge they cannot ensure the sustainability of their farms. DA - 2010/09/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1051/agro/2009053 DP - Springer Link VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 545 EP - 555 J2 - Agron. Sustain. Dev. LA - en SN - 1773-0155 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Struktur-und Wirkungsforschung in der agrarigschen Bildung, Weiterbildung und Beratung AU - Fischer, M. AU - Gruber-Rotheneder, B. AU - Payrhuber, A. T2 - Agrarischer Bildungs- und Beratungsbericht A2 - Hochschule für Agrar-und Umweltpädagogik DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Google Scholar SP - 139 EP - 192 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Weiterbildung und Beratung im Bereich der Unternehmensführung in Österreich AU - Kirner, Leopold AU - Payrhuber, Andrea AU - Winzheim, Monika CY - Wien DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DP - Google Scholar M3 - Forschungsbericht PB - Hochschule für Agrar-und Umweltpädagogik ER - TY - JOUR TI - Farmers’ Preferences for Future Agricultural Land Use Under the Consideration of Climate Change AU - Pröbstl-Haider, Ulrike AU - Mostegl, Nina M. AU - Kelemen-Finan, Julia AU - Haider, Wolfgang AU - Formayer, Herbert AU - Kantelhardt, Jochen AU - Moser, Tobias AU - Kapfer, Martin AU - Trenholm, Ryan T2 - Environmental Management AB - Cultural landscapes in Austria are multifunctional through their simultaneous support of productive, habitat, regulatory, social, and economic functions. This study investigates, if changing climatic conditions in Austria will lead to landscape change. Based on the assumption that farmers are the crucial decision makers when it comes to the implementation of agricultural climate change policies, this study analyzes farmers’ decision-making under the consideration of potential future climate change scenarios and risk, varying economic conditions, and different policy regimes through a discrete choice experiment. Results show that if a warming climate will offer new opportunities to increase income, either through expansion of cash crop cultivation or new land use options such as short-term rotation forestry, these opportunities will almost always be seized. Even if high environmental premiums were offered to maintain current cultural landscapes, only 43 % of farmers would prefer the existing grassland cultivation. Therefore, the continuity of characteristic Austrian landscape patterns seems unlikely. In conclusion, despite governmental regulations of and incentives for agriculture, climate change will have significant effects on traditional landscapes. Any opportunities for crop intensification will be embraced, which will ultimately impact ecosystem services, tourism opportunities, and biodiversity. DA - 2016/09/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1007/s00267-016-0720-4 DP - link.springer.com VL - 58 IS - 3 SP - 446 EP - 464 J2 - Environmental Management LA - en SN - 0364-152X, 1432-1009 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Beyond Threshold Approaches to Extreme Heat: Repositioning Adaptation as Everyday Practice AU - Oppermann, Elspeth AU - Strengers, Yolande AU - Maller, Cecily AU - Rickards, Lauren AU - Brearley, Matt T2 - Weather, Climate, and Society AB -One of climate change’s most certain impacts is increasingly frequent and extreme heat. Heat management and climate adaptation policies generally utilize temperature and humidity thresholds to identify what constitute “extreme” conditions. In the workplace, such thresholds can be used to trigger reductions in work intensity and/or duration. In regions that routinely exceed proposed thresholds, however, this approach can be deeply problematic and raises critical questions about how frequently exposed populations already manage and mitigate the effects of extreme heat. Drawing on social practice theories, this paper repositions everyday engagements with extreme heat in terms of practices of work. It finds that bodies absorb and produce heat through practices, challenging the view that extreme heat is an “external” risk to which bodies are “exposed”. This theoretical starting point also challenges the utility of threshold-based adaptation strategies by demonstrating how heat is actively coproduced by living, performing bodies in weather. This argument is exemplified through a case study of outdoor, manual workers in Australia’s monsoon tropics, where work practices were adapted to reduce thermal load. More specifically, we find that workers “weather” work and “work” the weather to enable work to be done in extreme conditions. Our analysis of everyday heat adaptation draws attention to the generative capacities of bodies and unsettles two established separations: 1) that between climatic exposure and sensitivity, calling for a more embodied, experiential, and performed perspective and 2) that between climatic impacts and (mal)adaptation, calling for an understanding of climate adaptation, as located in everyday practices, in the management of bodies in weather.
publisher: American Meteorological Society
section: Weather, Climate, and Society
ISBN 978-3-7001-7699-2
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrated modelling of efficient crop management strategies in response to economic damage potentials of the Western Corn Rootworm in Austria AU - Feusthuber, Elisabeth AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Agricultural Systems DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.agsy.2017.07.011 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 157 SP - 93 EP - 106 J2 - Agricultural Systems LA - en SN - 0308521X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ecosystem services and economic development in Austrian agricultural landscapes — The impact of policy and climate change scenarios on trade-offs and synergies AU - Kirchner, Mathias AU - Schmidt, Johannes AU - Kindermann, Georg AU - Kulmer, Veronika AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Prettenthaler, Franz AU - Rüdisser, Johannes AU - Schauppenlehner, Thomas AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Strauss, Franziska AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Ecological Economics DA - 2015/01// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.11.005 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 109 SP - 161 EP - 174 J2 - Ecological Economics LA - en SN - 09218009 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800914003383 Y2 - 2020/05/08/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrated regional impact assessment of agricultural trade and domestic environmental policies AU - Kirchner, Mathias AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Land Use Policy AB - Abstract It remains challenging to derive general findings and conclusions from either economic theory or empirical studies on the relationship between international trade and the regional environment. Consequently, we aim to analyse environmental effects of agricultural trade policies in the Austrian Marchfeld region. We apply an integrated modelling framework that accounts for heterogeneity in agricultural production and environmental outcomes. Scenario analysis is applied to assess regional impacts of different trade policy scenarios. Sensitivity analyses reveal the relative influence of model parameters on outputs. The results indicate that lower domestic tariffs have small beneficial effects on the regional environment. The regional environmental impacts highly depend on the changes in world crop prices through global trade agreements. A laissez-faire market scenario that includes the elimination of trade barriers and agri-environmental payments (AEPs) leads to substantial environmental deterioration. Hence, the alignment of AEPs with WTO trading rules remains an important issue in the trade and environment debate. DA - 2013/11// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.06.008 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 35 SP - 359 EP - 378 J2 - Land Use Policy SN - 0264-8377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatial modeling of robust crop production portfolios to assess agricultural vulnerability and adaptation to climate change AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Heumesser, Christine AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Land Use Policy AB - Agricultural vulnerability to climate change is likely to vary considerably between agro-environmental regions. Exemplified on Austrian cropland, we aim at (i) quantifying climate change impacts on agricultural vulnerability which is approximated by the indicators crop yields and gross margins, (ii) developing robust crop production portfolios for adaptation, and (iii) analyzing the effect of agricultural policies and risk aversion on the choice of crop production portfolios. We have employed a spatially explicit, integrated framework to assess agricultural vulnerability and adaptation. It combines a statistical climate change model for Austria and the period 2010–2040, a crop rotation model, the bio-physical process model EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate), and a portfolio optimization model. We find that under climate change, crop production portfolios include higher shares of intensive crop management practices, increasing average crop yields by 2–15% and expected gross margins by 3–18%, respectively. The results depend on the choice of adaptation measures and on the level of risk aversion and vary by region. In the semi-arid eastern parts of Austria, average dry matter crop yields are lower but gross margins are higher than in western Austria due to bio-physical and agronomic heterogeneities. An abolishment of decoupled farm payments and a threefold increase in agri-environmental premiums would reduce nitrogen inputs by 23–33%, but also crop yields and gross margins by 18–37%, on average. From a policy perspective, a twofold increase in agri-environmental premiums could effectively reduce the trade-offs between crop production and environmental impacts. DA - 2015/07// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.01.010 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 46 SP - 75 EP - 90 J2 - Land Use Policy SN - 0264-8377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Crop production portfolio optimization in managing climate-induced risks in Austria AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Heumesser, Christine AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Agrarökonomie DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 VL - 23 SP - 121 EP - 130 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The participation of agricultural stakeholders in assessing regional vulnerability of cropland to soil water erosion in Austria AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Kirchner, Mathias AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Schönhart, Martin T2 - Regional Environmental Change AB - Scientists increasingly engage with stakeholders in order to develop more acceptable and applicable solutions particularly for climate change impact, adaptation, and vulnerability assessments. We present methodology, results, and experiences of a participation process in a regional soil water erosion vulnerability assessment in Austria. A peer group consisting of agricultural extension specialists, administration, and scientists identified the impacts of uncertain future precipitation on soil water erosion and the effectiveness of relevant soil conservation measures as the most crucial knowledge gap. We applied the bio-physical process model Environmental Policy Integrated Climate to simulate potential sediment yields using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation methodology and crop yields to calculate gross margins. The simulations have been performed for five climate change scenarios until 2040 and three alternative crop management practices. A heterogeneous expanded stakeholder group provided knowledge on regional crop production and management and thus contributed to a first validation of the model input data. Model results indicate an increase in severely erosion-prone cropland by 76 to 135 % with higher precipitation sums for 2040, on average. Furthermore, reduced tillage and cultivating winter cover crops have been identified as effective adaptation measures reducing mean sediment loss between 7 and 31 %, on average. A peer group validated model output with respect to relevance, plausibility, and usability of results and confirmed the usefulness of the results to inform the public debate on regional climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in agriculture. DA - 2014/02/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1007/s10113-013-0506-7 DP - link.springer.com VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 385 EP - 400 J2 - Reg Environ Change LA - en SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing the vulnerability of cropland to soil water erosion under climate change in Austria AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Kirchner, Mathias AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Agrarökonomie DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 13 EP - 22 N1 -number: 2
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Computing the economic value of climate information for water stress management exemplified by crop production in Austria AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Agricultural Water Management AB - Climate information appears to be underutilized in water stress management in agriculture. A systematic analysis of potential impacts related to multi-seasonal dry spells, effective adaptation measures, and the economic value of climate information (VoI) may inform decision-making and facilitate the uptake and use of climate information. Hence, we have developed an integrated modeling framework consisting of a statistical climate model, a crop rotation model, a bio-physical process model, a portfolio optimization model, the computation of the economic value of climate information, and a spatial hot spot analysis and applied it to the context of water stress management in crop production in Austria. Results from the integrated modeling framework show that the average economic value of climate information ranges between 13 and 99 €/ha for Austrian cropland, depending on the scenario of multi-seasonal dry spells and the farmers’ risk aversion level. On average, the value of climate information is highest on flat and productive soils, for root and oil crops, under more extreme multi-seasonal dry spells, and if farmers are highly risk averse. Quantifying the value of climate information may guide data provision efforts and highlight agricultural production regions, which would particularly benefit from such information to improve water stress management. DA - 2019/07/20/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.04.005 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 221 SP - 430 EP - 448 J2 - Agricultural Water Management LA - en SN - 0378-3774 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Multiple ecosystem services of a changing Alpine landscape: past, present and future AU - Schirpke, Uta AU - Leitinger, Georg AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Schermer, Markus AU - Steinbacher, Melanie AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management DA - 2013/06// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1080/21513732.2012.751936 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 9 IS - 2 SP - 123 EP - 135 J2 - International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management LA - en SN - 2151-3732, 2151-3740 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate change impacts on farm production, landscape appearance, and the environment: Policy scenario results from an integrated field-farm-landscape model in Austria AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Schauppenlehner, Thomas AU - Kuttner, Michael AU - Kirchner, Mathias AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Agricultural Systems AB - Climate change is among the major drivers of agricultural land use change and demands autonomous farm adaptation as well as public mitigation and adaptation policies. In this article, we present an integrated land use model (ILM) mainly combining a bio-physical model and a bio-economic farm model at field, farm and landscape levels. The ILM is applied to a cropland dominated landscape in Austria to analyze impacts of climate change and mitigation and adaptation policy scenarios on farm production as well as on the abiotic environment and biotic environment. Changes in aggregated total farm gross margins from three climate change scenarios for 2040 range between +1% and +5% without policy intervention and compared to a reference situation under the current climate. Changes in aggregated gross margins are even higher if adaptation policies are in place. However, increasing productivity from climate change leads to deteriorating environmental conditions such as declining plant species richness and landscape appearance. It has to be balanced by mitigation and adaptation policies taking into account effects from the considerable spatial heterogeneity such as revealed by the ILM. DA - 2016/06/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.agsy.2016.02.008 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 145 SP - 39 EP - 50 J2 - Agricultural Systems LA - en SN - 0308-521X ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel integrated modelling framework to assess the impacts of climate and socio-economic drivers on land use and water quality AU - Zessner, Matthias AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Parajka, Juraj AU - Trautvetter, Helene AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Kirchner, Mathias AU - Hepp, Gerold AU - Blaschke, Alfred Paul AU - Strenn, Birgit AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Science of The Total Environment AB - Changes in climatic conditions will directly affect the quality and quantity of water resources. Further on, they will affect them indirectly through adaptation in land use which ultimately influences diffuse nutrient emissions to rivers and therefore potentially the compliance with good ecological status according to the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). We present an integrated impact modelling framework (IIMF) to track and quantify direct and indirect pollution impacts along policy-economy-climate-agriculture-water interfaces. The IIMF is applied to assess impacts of climatic and socio-economic drivers on agricultural land use (crop choices, farming practices and fertilization levels), river flows and the risk for exceedance of environmental quality standards for determination of the ecological water quality status in Austria. This article also presents model interfaces as well as validation procedures and results of single models and the IIMF with respect to observed state variables such as land use, river flow and nutrient river loads. The performance of the IIMF for calculations of river nutrient loads (120 monitoring stations) shows a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.73 for nitrogen and 0.51 for phosphorus. Most problematic is the modelling of phosphorus loads in the alpine catchments dominated by forests and mountainous landscape. About 63% of these catchments show a deviation between modelled and observed loads of 30% and more. In catchments dominated by agricultural production, the performance of the IIMF is much better as only 30% of cropland and 23% of permanent grassland dominated areas have a deviation of >30% between modelled and observed loads. As risk of exceedance of environmental quality standards is mainly recognized in catchments dominated by cropland, the IIMF is well suited for assessing the nutrient component of the WFD ecological status. DA - 2017/02/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.092 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 579 SP - 1137 EP - 1151 J2 - Science of The Total Environment LA - en SN - 0048-9697 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trade policy and climate change impacts on regional land use and environment AU - Kirchner, Mathias AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Agrarökonomie DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 23 EP - 32 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High resolution climate data for Austria in the period 2008-2040 from a statistical climate change model AU - Strauss, F. AU - Formayer, H. AU - Schmid, E. T2 - International Journal of Climatology AB - Climate change data for Austria have been produced for the period from 2008 to 2040, with a temporal/spatial resolution of 1 d and 1 km2. The climate change data are based on historical daily weather station data from 1975 to 2007, and linear regression modelling with repeated bootstrapping. The spatial resolution is based on 60 climate clusters which represent homogenous climates with respect to mean annual precipitation sums and mean annual temperatures from the period 1961 to 1990. For each climate cluster, a regression model fit has been performed and extrapolated for the period 2008-2040. The integral parts of our regression model are: (1) the extrapolation of the observed linear temperature trend from 1975 to 2007, by using an average national trend of approximately 0.05 °C per year derived from a homogenized dataset, and (2) the repeated bootstrapping of historical temperature residuals, and of the observations for some other weather parameters, such as solar radiation, precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed. Thus, we ensure consistent physical, spatial and temporal correlations. Precipitation scenarios have been developed to account for any possible wider range of precipitation patterns. These scenarios include increased/decreased annual precipitation sums, as well as unchanged annual precipitation sums, but with different seasonal distributions. These climate change data are available at: http://www.landnutzung.at/Klima_Daten.html. © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1002/joc.3434 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 430 EP - 443 J2 - Int. J. Climatol. LA - English SN - 08998418 (ISSN) DB - Scopus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatially Explicit Modeling of Long-Term Drought Impacts on Crop Production in Austria AU - Strauss, Franziska AU - Moltchanova, Elena AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - American Journal of Climate Change DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DO - 10.4236/ajcc.2013.23A001 DP - CrossRef VL - 02 IS - 03 SP - 1 EP - 11 SN - 2167-9495, 2167-9509 N1 -number: 03
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Myths of the future and scenario archetypes AU - Boschetti, Fabio AU - Price, Jennifer AU - Walker, Iain T2 - Technological Forecasting and Social Change AB - We employ tools from the social cognition and cultural theory literatures to explore images, concerns, expectations, and attitudes towards the future among the general public. An online survey of 950 Australian citizens was conducted to identify five distinct views of the future. These myths of the future are ‘social crisis’, ‘eco-crisis’, ‘techno-optimism’, ‘power and economic inequality’, and ‘social transformation’. We discuss how these myths relate to the scenario archetypes as commonly employed in foresight literature. This analysis reveals how psychological and cognitive considerations may contribute to the literature and could be incorporated in the running of foresight exercises. Among the 5 myths, techno-optimism describes beliefs that science and technology are likely to create innovations that can improve our quality of life. It provides a firm anchor between scenario archetypes, myths of the future, and the STEEP (social, technological, economic, environmental, and political) framework, by holding a similar meaning in all three settings. Our analysis also elucidates how attitudes towards technological development are not value-free and are influenced by beliefs regarding how society and the environment should be managed, and to what extent technology itself can be a positive or negative force in this management. DA - 2016/10/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.techfore.2016.06.009 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 111 SP - 76 EP - 85 J2 - Technological Forecasting and Social Change LA - en SN - 0040-1625 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Developing stakeholder-driven scenarios on land sharing and land sparing – Insights from five European case studies AU - Karner, Katrin AU - Cord, Anna F. AU - Hagemann, Nina AU - Hernandez-Mora, Nuria AU - Holzkämper, Annelie AU - Jeangros, Bernard AU - Lienhoop, Nele AU - Nitsch, Heike AU - Rivas, David AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Schulp, Catharina J. E. AU - Strauch, Michael AU - van der Zanden, Emma H. AU - Volk, Martin AU - Willaarts, Barbara AU - Zarrineh, Nina AU - Schönhart, Martin T2 - Journal of Environmental Management AB - Empirical research on land sharing and land sparing has been criticized because preferences of local stakeholders, socio-economic aspects, a bundle of ecosystem services and the local context were only rarely integrated. Using storylines and scenarios is a common approach to include land use drivers and local contexts or to cope with the uncertainties of future developments. The objective of the presented research is to develop comparable participatory regional land use scenarios for the year 2030 reflecting land sharing, land sparing and more intermediate developments across five different European landscapes (Austria, Germany, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Spain). In order to ensure methodological consistency among the five case studies, a hierarchical multi-scale scenario approach was developed, which consisted of i) the selection of a common global storyline to frame a common sphere of uncertainty for all case studies, ii) the definition of three contrasting qualitative European storylines (representing developments for land sharing, land sparing and a balanced storyline), and iii) the development of three explorative case study-specific land use scenarios with regional stakeholders in workshops. Land use transition rules defined by stakeholders were used to generate three different spatially-explicit scenarios for each case study by means of high-resolution land use maps. All scenarios incorporated various aspects of land use and management to allow subsequent quantification of multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity indicators. The comparison of the final scenarios showed both common as well as diverging trends among the case studies. For instance, stakeholders identified further possibilities to intensify land management in all case studies in the land sparing scenario. In addition, in most case studies stakeholders agreed on the most preferred scenario, i.e. either land sharing or balanced, and the most likely one, i.e. balanced. However, they expressed some skepticism regarding the general plausibility of land sparing in a European context. It can be concluded that stakeholder perceptions and the local context can be integrated in land sharing and land sparing contexts subject to particular process design principles. DA - 2019/07/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.050 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 241 SP - 488 EP - 500 J2 - Journal of Environmental Management LA - en SN - 0301-4797 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Austrian Agriculture 2020-2050. Scenarios and Sensitivity Analyses on Land Use, Production, Livestock and Production Systems AU - Sinabell, Franz AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Schmid, Erwin CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SP - 94 PB - Wirtschaftsforschungsinstitut (WIFO) und Universität für Bodenkultur Wien (BOKU) UR - https://www.wifo.ac.at/jart/prj3/wifo/resources/person_dokument/person_dokument.jart?publikationsid=61571&mime_type=application/pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The roads ahead: Narratives for shared socioeconomic pathways describing world futures in the 21st century AU - O’Neill, Brian C. AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Kemp-Benedict, Eric AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - Rothman, Dale S. AU - van Ruijven, Bas J. AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Birkmann, Joern AU - Kok, Kasper AU - Levy, Marc AU - Solecki, William T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - Long-term scenarios play an important role in research on global environmental change. The climate change research community is developing new scenarios integrating future changes in climate and society to investigate climate impacts as well as options for mitigation and adaptation. One component of these new scenarios is a set of alternative futures of societal development known as the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The conceptual framework for the design and use of the SSPs calls for the development of global pathways describing the future evolution of key aspects of society that would together imply a range of challenges for mitigating and adapting to climate change. Here we present one component of these pathways: the SSP narratives, a set of five qualitative descriptions of future changes in demographics, human development, economy and lifestyle, policies and institutions, technology, and environment and natural resources. We describe the methods used to develop the narratives as well as how these pathways are hypothesized to produce particular combinations of challenges to mitigation and adaptation. Development of the narratives drew on expert opinion to (1) identify key determinants of these challenges that were essential to incorporate in the narratives and (2) combine these elements in the narratives in a manner consistent with scholarship on their inter-relationships. The narratives are intended as a description of plausible future conditions at the level of large world regions that can serve as a basis for integrated scenarios of emissions and land use, as well as climate impact, adaptation and vulnerability analyses. DA - 2017/01/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.01.004 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 42 SP - 169 EP - 180 J2 - Global Environmental Change LA - en SN - 0959-3780 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Shared Socio-economic Pathways for European agriculture and food systems: The Eur-Agri-SSPs AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Techen, Anja-K. AU - Sinabell, Franz AU - Helming, Katharina AU - Schmid, Erwin AU - Bodirsky, Benjamin L. AU - Holman, Ian AU - Kok, Kasper AU - Lehtonen, Heikki AU - Leip, Adrian AU - Le Mouël, Chantal AU - Mathijs, Erik AU - Mehdi, Bano AU - Mittenzwei, Klaus AU - Mora, Olivier AU - Øistad, Knut AU - Øygarden, Lillian AU - Priess, Jörg A. AU - Reidsma, Pytrik AU - Schaldach, Rüdiger AU - Schönhart, Martin T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - Scenarios describe plausible and internally consistent views of the future. They can be used by scientists, policymakers and entrepreneurs to explore the challenges of global environmental change given an appropriate level of spatial and sectoral detail and systematic development. We followed a nine-step protocol to extend and enrich a set of global scenarios – the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) – providing regional and sectoral detail for European agriculture and food systems using a one-to-one nesting participatory approach. The resulting five Eur-Agri-SSPs are titled (1) Agriculture on sustainable paths, (2) Agriculture on established paths, (3) Agriculture on separated paths, (4) Agriculture on unequal paths, and (5) Agriculture on high-tech paths. They describe alternative plausible qualitative evolutions of multiple drivers of particular importance and high uncertainty for European agriculture and food systems. The added value of the protocol-based storyline development process lies in the conceptual and methodological transparency and rigor; the stakeholder driven selection of the storyline elements; and consistency checks within and between the storylines. Compared to the global SSPs, the five Eur-Agri-SSPs provide rich thematic and regional details and are thus a solid basis for integrated assessments of agriculture and food systems and their response to future socio-economic and environmental changes. DA - 2020/11/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102159 VL - 65 SP - 102159 J2 - Global Environmental Change SN - 0959-3780 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: An overview AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - Edmonds, Jae AU - O’Neill, Brian C. AU - Fujimori, Shinichiro AU - Bauer, Nico AU - Calvin, Katherine AU - Dellink, Rob AU - Fricko, Oliver AU - Lutz, Wolfgang AU - Popp, Alexander AU - Cuaresma, Jesus Crespo AU - KC, Samir AU - Leimbach, Marian AU - Jiang, Leiwen AU - Kram, Tom AU - Rao, Shilpa AU - Emmerling, Johannes AU - Ebi, Kristie AU - Hasegawa, Tomoko AU - Havlik, Petr AU - Humpenöder, Florian AU - Da Silva, Lara Aleluia AU - Smith, Steve AU - Stehfest, Elke AU - Bosetti, Valentina AU - Eom, Jiyong AU - Gernaat, David AU - Masui, Toshihiko AU - Rogelj, Joeri AU - Strefler, Jessica AU - Drouet, Laurent AU - Krey, Volker AU - Luderer, Gunnar AU - Harmsen, Mathijs AU - Takahashi, Kiyoshi AU - Baumstark, Lavinia AU - Doelman, Jonathan C. AU - Kainuma, Mikiko AU - Klimont, Zbigniew AU - Marangoni, Giacomo AU - Lotze-Campen, Hermann AU - Obersteiner, Michael AU - Tabeau, Andrzej AU - Tavoni, Massimo T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - This paper presents the overview of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and their energy, land use, and emissions implications. The SSPs are part of a new scenario framework, established by the climate change research community in order to facilitate the integrated analysis of future climate impacts, vulnerabilities, adaptation, and mitigation. The pathways were developed over the last years as a joint community effort and describe plausible major global developments that together would lead in the future to different challenges for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The SSPs are based on five narratives describing alternative socio-economic developments, including sustainable development, regional rivalry, inequality, fossil-fueled development, and middle-of-the-road development. The long-term demographic and economic projections of the SSPs depict a wide uncertainty range consistent with the scenario literature. A multi-model approach was used for the elaboration of the energy, land-use and the emissions trajectories of SSP-based scenarios. The baseline scenarios lead to global energy consumption of 400–1200 EJ in 2100, and feature vastly different land-use dynamics, ranging from a possible reduction in cropland area up to a massive expansion by more than 700 million hectares by 2100. The associated annual CO2 emissions of the baseline scenarios range from about 25 GtCO2 to more than 120 GtCO2 per year by 2100. With respect to mitigation, we find that associated costs strongly depend on three factors: (1) the policy assumptions, (2) the socio-economic narrative, and (3) the stringency of the target. The carbon price for reaching the target of 2.6W/m2 that is consistent with a temperature change limit of 2°C, differs in our analysis thus by about a factor of three across the SSP marker scenarios. Moreover, many models could not reach this target from the SSPs with high mitigation challenges. While the SSPs were designed to represent different mitigation and adaptation challenges, the resulting narratives and quantifications span a wide range of different futures broadly representative of the current literature. This allows their subsequent use and development in new assessments and research projects. Critical next steps for the community scenario process will, among others, involve regional and sectoral extensions, further elaboration of the adaptation and impacts dimension, as well as employing the SSP scenarios with the new generation of earth system models as part of the 6th climate model intercomparison project (CMIP6). DA - 2017/01/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009 VL - 42 SP - 153 EP - 168 J2 - Global Environmental Change SN - 0959-3780 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Investment in Irrigation Systems under Precipitation Uncertainty AU - Heumesser, Christine AU - Fuss, Sabine AU - Szolgayová, Jana AU - Strauss, Franziska AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Water Resources Management AB - Efficient agricultural water management is indispensable in meeting future food demands. The European Water Framework Directive promotes several measures such as the adoption of adequate water pricing mechanisms or the promotion of water-saving irrigation technologies. We apply a stochastic dynamic programming model (SDPM) to analyze a farmer’s optimal investment strategy to adopt a water-efficient drip irrigation system or a sprinkler irrigation system under uncertainty about future production conditions, i.e. about future precipitation patterns. We assess the optimal timing to invest into either irrigation system in the planning period 2010 to 2040. We then investigate how alternative policies, (a) irrigation water pricing, and (b) equipment subsidies for drip irrigation, affect the investment strategy. We perform the analysis for the semi-arid agricultural production region Marchfeld in Austria, and use data from the bio-physical process simulation model EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) which takes into account site and management related characteristics as well as weather parameters from a statistical climate change model. We find that investment in drip irrigation is unlikely unless subsidies for equipment cost are granted. Also water prices do not increase the probability to adopt a drip irrigation system, but rather delay the timing to invest into either irrigation system. DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1007/s11269-012-0053-x DP - SpringerLink VL - 26 IS - 11 SP - 3113 EP - 3137 J2 - Water Resour. Manag. SN - 0920-4741 N1 -number: 11
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of changes in diet on the availability of land, energy demand, and greenhouse gas emissions of agriculture AU - Fazeni, Karin AU - Steinmüller, Horst T2 - Energy, Sustainability and Society AB - Recent scientific investigations have revealed a correlation between nutrition habits and the environmental impacts of agriculture. So, it is obviously worthwhile to study what effects a change in diet has on land use patterns, energy demand, and greenhouse gas emissions of agricultural production. This study calculates the amount of energy and emission savings as well as changes in land use that would result from different scenarios underlying a change in diet. DA - 2011/12/09/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.1186/2192-0567-1-6 DP - BioMed Central VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 6 J2 - Energy, Sustainability and Society SN - 2192-0567 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A socio-ecological model for predicting impacts of land-use and climate change on regional plant diversity in the Austrian Alps AU - Dullinger, Iwona AU - Gattringer, Andreas AU - Wessely, Johannes AU - Moser, Dietmar AU - Plutzar, Christoph AU - Willner, Wolfgang AU - Egger, Claudine AU - Gaube, Veronika AU - Haberl, Helmut AU - Mayer, Andreas AU - Bohner, Andreas AU - Gilli, Christian AU - Pascher, Kathrin AU - Essl, Franz AU - Dullinger, Stefan T2 - Global Change Biology AB - Abstract Climate and land-use change jointly affect the future of biodiversity. Yet, biodiversity scenarios have so far concentrated on climatic effects because forecasts of land use are rarely available at appropriate spatial and thematic scales. Agent-based models (ABMs) represent a potentially powerful but little explored tool for establishing thematically and spatially fine-grained land-use scenarios. Here, we use an ABM parameterized for 1,329 agents, mostly farmers, in a Central European model region, and simulate the changes to land-use patterns resulting from their response to three scenarios of changing socio-economic conditions and three scenarios of climate change until the mid of the century. Subsequently, we use species distribution models to, first, analyse relationships between the realized niches of 832 plant species and climatic gradients or land-use types, respectively, and, second, to project consequent changes in potential regional ranges of these species as triggered by changes in both the altered land-use patterns and the changing climate. We find that both drivers determine the realized niches of the studied plants, with land use having a stronger effect than any single climatic variable in the model. Nevertheless, the plants' future distributions appear much more responsive to climate than to land-use changes because alternative future socio-economic backgrounds have only modest impact on land-use decisions in the model region. However, relative effects of climate and land-use changes on biodiversity may differ drastically in other regions, especially where landscapes are still dominated by natural or semi-natural habitat. We conclude that agent-based modelling of land use is able to provide scenarios at scales relevant to individual species distribution and suggest that coupling ABMs with models of species' range change should be intensified to provide more realistic biodiversity forecasts. DA - 2020/04/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1111/gcb.14977 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 2336 EP - 2352 J2 - Global Change Biology SN - 1354-1013 N1 -publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to climate change AU - Olesen, J.E. AU - Trnka, M. AU - Kersebaum, K.C. AU - Skjelvåg, A.O. AU - Seguin, B. AU - Peltonen-Sainio, P. AU - Rossi, F. AU - Kozyra, J. AU - Micale, F. T2 - European Journal of Agronomy AB -
The studies on anthropogenic climate change performed in the last decade over Europe show consistent projections of increases in temperature and different patterns of precipitation with widespread increases in northern Europe and decreases over parts of southern and eastern Europe. In many countries and in recent years there is a tendency towards cereal grain yield stagnation and increased yield variability. Some of these trends may have been influenced by the recent climatic changes over Europe.
A set of qualitative and quantitative questionnaires on perceived risks and foreseen impacts of climate and climate change on agriculture in Europe was distributed to agro-climatic and agronomy experts in 26 countries. Europe was divided into 13 Environmental Zones (EZ). In total, we had 50 individual responses for specific EZ. The questionnaires provided both country and EZ specific information on the: (1) main vulnerabilities of crops and cropping systems under present climate; (2) estimates of climate change impacts on the production of nine selected crops; (3) possible adaptation options as well as (4) adaptation observed so far. In addition we focused on the overall awareness and presence of warning and decision support systems with relevance for adaptation to climate change.
The results show that farmers across Europe are currently adapting to climate change, in particular in terms of changing timing of cultivation and selecting other crop species and cultivars. The responses in the questionnaires show a surprisingly high proportion of negative expectations concerning the impacts of climate change on crops and crop production throughout Europe, even in the cool temperate northern European countries.
The expected impacts, both positive and negative, are just as large in northern Europe as in the Mediterranean countries, and this is largely linked with the possibilities for effective adaptation to maintain current yields. The most negative effects were found for the continental climate in the Pannonian zone, which includes Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania. This region will suffer from increased incidents of heat waves and droughts without possibilities for effectively shifting crop cultivation to other parts of the years. A wide range of adaptation options exists in most European regions to mitigate many of the negative impacts of climate change on crop production in Europe. However, considering all effects of climate change and possibilties for adaptation, impacts are still mostly negative in wide regions across Europe.
number: Impact on Human Activities on Soil Contamination
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Productivity increase in Northern Austria Norway spruce forests due to changes in nitrogen cycling and climate AU - Jandl, Robert AU - Neumann, Markus AU - Eckmüllner, Otto T2 - Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science DA - 2007/02// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1002/jpln.200521943 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 170 IS - 1 SP - 157 EP - 165 J2 - J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. LA - en SN - 14368730, 15222624 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Central European hardwood trees in a high-CO2 future: synthesis of an 8-year forest canopy CO2 enrichment project AU - Bader, Martin K.-F. AU - Leuzinger, Sebastian AU - Keel, Sonja G. AU - Siegwolf, Rolf T.W. AU - Hagedorn, Frank AU - Schleppi, Patrick AU - Körner, Christian T2 - Journal of Ecology AB - Summary Rapidly increasing atmospheric CO2 is not only changing the climate system but may also affect the biosphere directly through stimulation of plant growth and ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. Although forest ecosystems play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, experimental information on forest responses to rising CO2 is scarce, due to the sheer size of trees. Here, we present a synthesis of the only study world-wide where a diverse set of mature broadleaved trees growing in a natural forest has been exposed to future atmospheric CO2 levels (c. 550 ppm) by free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE). We show that litter production, leaf traits and radial growth across the studied hardwood species remained unaffected by elevated CO2 over 8 years. CO2 enrichment reduced tree water consumption resulting in detectable soil moisture savings. Soil air CO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon both increased suggesting enhanced below-ground activity. Carbon release to the rhizosphere and/or higher soil moisture primed nitrification and nitrate leaching under elevated CO2; however, the export of dissolved organic carbon remained unaltered. Synthesis. Our findings provide no evidence for carbon-limitation in five central European hardwood trees at current ambient CO2 concentrations. The results of this long-term study challenge the idea of a universal CO2 fertilization effect on forests, as commonly assumed in climate?carbon cycle models. DA - 2013/11/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1111/1365-2745.12149 VL - 101 IS - 6 SP - 1509 EP - 1519 J2 - Journal of Ecology SN - 0022-0477 N1 -number: 6
publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
number: 6
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate warming induced synchronous growth decline in Norway spruce populations across biogeographical gradients since 2000 AU - Bosela, Michal AU - Tumajer, Jan AU - Cienciala, Emil AU - Dobor, Laura AU - Kulla, Ladislav AU - Marčiš, Peter AU - Popa, Ionel AU - Sedmák, Róbert AU - Sedmáková, Denisa AU - Sitko, Roman AU - Šebeň, Vladimír AU - Štěpánek, Petr AU - Büntgen, Ulf T2 - Science of The Total Environment DA - 2021/01// PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141794 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 752 SP - 141794 J2 - Science of The Total Environment LA - en SN - 00489697 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can trees at high elevations compensate for growth reductions at low elevations due to climate warming? AU - Vospernik, Sonja AU - Nothdurft, Arne T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research AB - Radial tree stem growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) was monitored from 2012 to 2015 across sites in Austria with high-resolution dendrometers. Seasonal cumulative diameter increment was modeled using a hierarchical nonlinear mixed-effects model framework based on a logistic growth curve. In the dry and warm year 2015, the average annual diameter increment of 0.30 cm decreased by 50% on lower elevation sites and by 10% on higher elevation sites. In the cool and moist year 2014, Norway spruce achieved a higher annual diameter increment than European beech, whereas the opposite occurred in the dry and warm years 2013 and 2015. In the mixed beech–spruce stand, beech’s consumptive water-use strategy has obviously caused intensified stress for spruce in these drought periods. On higher elevation sites, Norway spruce reacted more sensitively to climate fluctuation compared with stone pine, but overall reactions were only weak. Productivity varied strongly depending on the social status of the tree, with dominant and intermediate trees suffering more from drought. As warming and drought lowers increment rates on lower elevation sites and as trees on higher elevation sites react less flexibly, productivity losses are expected for Austrian forests due to climate warming. DA - 2018/06// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1139/cjfr-2017-0326 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 650 EP - 662 J2 - Can. J. For. Res. LA - en SN - 0045-5067, 1208-6037 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatiotemporal variation in the relationship between boreal forest productivity proxies and climate data AU - Ols, Clémentine AU - Kålås, Ingvil H. AU - Drobyshev, Igor AU - Söderström, Lars AU - Hofgaard, Annika T2 - Dendrochronologia AB - The impacts of climate change on high-latitude forest ecosystems are still uncertain. Divergent forest productivity trends have recently been reported both at the local and regional level challenging the projections of boreal tree growth dynamics. The present study investigated (i) the responses of different forest productivity proxies to monthly climate (temperature and precipitation) through space and time; and (ii) the local coherency between these proxies through time at four high-latitude boreal Scots pine sites (coastal and inland) in Norway. Forest productivity proxies consisted of two proxies representing stem growth dynamics (radial and height growth) and one proxy representing canopy dynamics (cumulative May-to-September Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)). Between-proxy and climate-proxy correlations were computed over the 1982–2011 period and over two 15-yr sub-periods. Over the entire period, radial growth significantly correlated with current year July temperature, and height growth and cumulative NDVI significantly correlated with previous and current growing season temperatures. Significant climate responses were quite similar across sites, despite some higher sensitivity to non-growing season climate at inland sites. Significant climate-proxy correlations identified over the entire period were temporarily unstable. Local coherency between proxies was generally insignificant. The spatiotemporal instability in climate-proxy correlations observed for all proxies underlines evolving responses to climate and challenges the modelling of forest productivity. The general lack of local coherency between proxies at our four study sites suggests that forest productivity estimations based on a single proxy should be considered with great caution. The combined use of different forest growth metrics may help circumvent uncertainties in capturing responses of forest productivity to climate variability and improve estimations of carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems. DA - 2019/12/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.dendro.2019.125648 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 58 SP - 125648 J2 - Dendrochronologia LA - en SN - 1125-7865 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Klimawandelanpassungsmaßnahmen im Wald und deren Einfluss auf die CO2-Bilanz. AU - Ledermann, Thomas AU - Kindermann, Georg AU - Jandl, Robert AU - Schadauer, Klemens T2 - BFW-Praxisinformation DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 VL - 51 J2 - BFW-Praxisinformation ER - TY - RPRT TI - Zwischenauswertung der Waldinventur 2016/18 AU - Gschwantner, Thomas AU - Russ, Wolfgang AU - Freudenschuss, Alexandra AU - Zaunbauer, Franz AU - Schadauer, Klemens AU - Koukal, Tatjana AU - Ols, Clementine AU - Bontemps, Jean-Daniel AU - Bauerhansl, Christoph AU - Schöttl, Stefan AU - Aufreiter, Christian AU - Löw, Markus T2 - BFW. Praxisinformation DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 SP - 40 SN - 50 N1 -issue: 50
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adaptation options to reduce climate change vulnerability of sustainable forest management in the Austrian Alps AU - Seidl, Rupert AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Lexer, Manfred J. T2 - Canadian Journal of Forest Research AB - Sustaining forest ecosystem functions and services under climate change is a major challenge for forest management. While conceptual advances of adapting coupled social–ecological systems to environmental changes have been made recently, good practice examples at the operational level still remain rare. The current study presents the development of adaptation options for 164 550 ha of commercial forests under the stewardship of the Austrian Federal Forests (AFF). We used a comprehensive vulnerability assessment as analysis framework, employing ecosystem modeling and multicriteria decision analysis in a participatory approach with forest planers of the AFF. An assessment of the vulnerability of multiple ecosystem goods and services under current management served as the starting point for the development of adaptation options. Measures found to successfully reduce vulnerability include the promotion of mixed stands of species well adapted to emerging environmental conditions, silvicultural techniques fostering complexity, and increased management intensity. Assessment results for a wide range of site and stand conditions, stand treatment programs, and future climate scenarios were used to condense robust recommendations for adapting the management guidelines currently used by AFF practitioners. Overall, our results highlight the importance of timely adaptation to sustain forest goods and services and document the respective potential of silvicultural measures. DA - 2011/04// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1139/x10-235 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 41 IS - 4 SP - 694 EP - 706 J2 - Can. J. For. Res. LA - en SN - 0045-5067, 1208-6037 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Slow and fast drivers of the natural disturbance regime in Central European forest ecosystems AU - Thom, D. AU - Seidl, R. AU - Steyrer, G. AU - Krehan, H. AU - Formayer, H. T2 - Forest Ecology and Management AB - Forest disturbance regimes have intensified in many parts of the world in recent decades, and are an increasing problem for managers concerned with the sustainable and continuous provisioning of forest ecosystem services. In order to address these changes an improved understanding of disturbance regimes is needed, particularly with regard to their main drivers and climate sensitivity. Here, our objectives were to first quantitatively describe the recent disturbance regime of forest ecosystems in Austria (3.99×106ha). Second, our aim was to identify the main drivers of the disturbance regime, distinguishing slow, predisposing factors and fast, inciting factors. We utilized district-level disturbance observations from 2002 to 2010, and focused on damage from wind and bark beetles, the most detrimental abiotic and biotic disturbance agents in Europe. In a two-stage approach, we first analyzed the influence of slow, predisposing variables on the spatial variation in mean disturbance damage, using principle component regression. Subsequently, the year-to-year residuals from these average damage levels were regressed against fast, inciting factors related to disturbance occurrence.Overall, this two-stage analysis explained 48.7% (wind) and 67.1% (bark beetles) of the spatio-temporal variation in disturbance damage. On average, wind and bark beetles damaged 0.26% and 0.19% of growing stock per year. The analysis of damaged forest areas suggest a mean disturbance rotation period of 746 and 365. years for wind and bark beetle disturbance. Variables related to species composition were the most influential factors on the predisposition to both disturbance agents. Societal factors were found to be of similar importance as climatic variables. Overall, these predisposing (slow) variables had a stronger influence than inciting (fast) drivers, of which weather-related variables and spatio-temporal interactions within the disturbance regime were the most prominent factors.Our results indicate that important drivers of the disturbance regime can be influenced by forest management directly, but also underline that response times are likely to be slow. Furthermore, fast, inciting factors - although largely beyond the influence of management - have the potential to be used as early warning indicators of impending disturbance damage. Overall, disturbance regimes were found to be highly sensitive to both climate means and extremes, emphasizing the importance for improved risk management in forestry in the face of climate change. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.017 VL - 307 SP - 293 EP - 302 J2 - For. Ecol. Manage. LA - English SN - 03781127 (ISSN) DB - Scopus ER - TY - RPRT TI - Zunehmende Schäden durch Borkenkäfer im Klimawandel AU - Hoch, Gernot AU - Steyrer, G. CY - Wien DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 SP - 2 M3 - CCCA Fact Sheet SN - 31 UR - https://ccca.ac.at/fileadmin/00_DokumenteHauptmenue/02_Klimawissen/FactSheets/31_zunehmende_schaeden_durch_borkenkaefer_20200806.pdf N1 -issue: 31
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate-induced challenges of Norway spruce in Northern Austria AU - Jandl, Robert T2 - Trees, Forests and People AB - A dramatic increase in bark-beetle (Ips typographus) damage in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests occured in the provinces Upper and Lower Austria in the past decade with the beetle outbreak likely driven by climate change. Water shortage in the early growing season appears to weaken the forests. The high supply of beetle-infested timber is reducing wood prices and forests are not meeting policy expectations for a viable bioeconomy. The sink strength of forests has diminished from 12% to 6% of the national greenhouse gas emission budget and may even turn into a source when the disturbance dynamics continue. Consequences cascade through the forest sector. The regional market price for bark-beetle affected timber declined to 30% of the previous level. Small-forest owners who obtain a marginal income from wood products are losing motivation for active forest management. The operational difficulties of cutting affected trees combined with the organization of timber transport to saw-mills are being met by excessive inventories of unprocessed logs at mills. Large forest enterprises can only intermittently absorb higher costs for forest management than be met currently from sales of products. The long-term consequence is lasting reduction of forest productivity and an uncertain future for forestry in Central Europe that may increasingly depend on technological breakthroughs in processing timber from deciduous trees and eventually payments for ecosystem services. DA - 2020/06/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.tfp.2020.100008 VL - 1 SP - 100008 J2 - Trees, Forests and People SN - 2666-7193 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate Change and Bark Beetles of the Western United States and Canada: Direct and Indirect Effects AU - Bentz, Barbara J. AU - Régnière, Jacques AU - Fettig, Christopher J AU - Hansen, E. Matthew AU - Hayes, Jane L. AU - Hicke, Jeffrey A. AU - Kelsey, Rick G. AU - Negrón, Jose F. AU - Seybold, Steven J. T2 - BioScience DA - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1525/bio.2010.60.8.6 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 60 IS - 8 SP - 602 EP - 613 LA - en SN - 1525-3244, 0006-3568 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Forest disturbances under climate change AU - Seidl, Rupert AU - Thom, Dominik AU - Kautz, Markus AU - Martin-Benito, Dario AU - Peltoniemi, Mikko AU - Vacchiano, Giorgio AU - Wild, Jan AU - Ascoli, Davide AU - Petr, Michal AU - Honkaniemi, Juha AU - Lexer, Manfred J. AU - Trotsiuk, Volodymyr AU - Mairota, Paola AU - Svoboda, Miroslav AU - Fabrika, Marek AU - Nagel, Thomas A. AU - Reyer, Christopher P. O. T2 - Nature Climate Change DA - 2017/06// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1038/nclimate3303 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 7 IS - 6 SP - 395 EP - 402 J2 - Nature Clim Change LA - en SN - 1758-678X, 1758-6798 N1 -number: 6
ER - TY - JOUR TI - The sensitivity of Austrian forests to scenarios of climate change: a large-scale risk assesment based on a modified gap model and forest inventory data AU - Lexer, Manfred J. AU - Hönninger, K. AU - Scheifinger, H. AU - Matulla, C. AU - Groll, N. AU - Kromp-Kolb, H. AU - Schaudauer, K. AU - Starlinger, F. AU - Englisch, M. T2 - Forest Ecology and Management DA - 2002/// PY - 2002 VL - 162 SP - 53 EP - 72 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) disturbance on timber production and carbon sequestration in different management strategies under climate change AU - Seidl, Rupert AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Jäger, Dietmar AU - Lexer, Manfred J. T2 - Forest Ecology and Management DA - 2008/07// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.002 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 256 IS - 3 SP - 209 EP - 220 J2 - Forest Ecology and Management LA - en SN - 03781127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling tree mortality by bark beetle infestation in Norway spruce forests AU - Seidl, Rupert AU - Baier, Peter AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Schopf, Axel AU - Lexer, Manfred J. T2 - Ecological Modelling DA - 2007/08// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.04.002 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 206 IS - 3-4 SP - 383 EP - 399 J2 - Ecological Modelling LA - en SN - 03043800 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impact of future forest dynamics on climate: interactive effects of changing vegetation and disturbance regimes AU - Thom, Dominik AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Seidl, Rupert T2 - Ecological Monographs AB - Abstract Currently, the temperate forest biome cools the earth's climate and dampens anthropogenic climate change. However, climate change will substantially alter forest dynamics in the future, affecting the climate regulation function of forests. Increasing natural disturbances can reduce carbon uptake and evaporative cooling, but at the same time increase the albedo of a landscape. Simultaneous changes in vegetation composition can mitigate disturbance impacts, but also influence climate regulation directly (e.g., via albedo changes). As a result of a number of interactive drivers (changes in climate, vegetation, and disturbance) and their simultaneous effects on climate-relevant processes (carbon exchange, albedo, latent heat flux) the future climate regulation function of forests remains highly uncertain. Here we address these complex interactions to assess the effect of future forest dynamics on the climate system. Our specific objectives were (1) to investigate the long-term interactions between changing vegetation composition and disturbance regimes under climate change, (2) to quantify the response of climate regulation to changes in forest dynamics, and (3) to identify the main drivers of the future influence of forests on the climate system. We investigated these issues using the individual-based forest landscape and disturbance model (iLand). Simulations were run over 200 yr for Kalkalpen National Park (Austria), assuming different future climate projections, and incorporating dynamically responding wind and bark beetle disturbances. To consistently assess the net effect on climate the simulated responses of carbon exchange, albedo, and latent heat flux were expressed as contributions to radiative forcing. We found that climate change increased disturbances (+27.7% over 200 yr) and specifically bark beetle activity during the 21st century. However, negative feedbacks from a simultaneously changing tree species composition (+28.0% broadleaved species) decreased disturbance activity in the long run (?10.1%), mainly by reducing the host trees available for bark beetles. Climate change and the resulting future forest dynamics significantly reduced the climate regulation function of the landscape, increasing radiative forcing by up to +10.2% on average over 200 yr. Overall, radiative forcing was most strongly driven by carbon exchange. We conclude that future changes in forest dynamics can cause amplifying climate feedbacks from temperate forest ecosystems. DA - 2017/11/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1002/ecm.1272 VL - 87 IS - 4 SP - 665 EP - 684 J2 - Ecological Monographs SN - 0012-9615 N1 -publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global Climate Model projected changes in 10 m wind speed and direction due to anthropogenic climate change AU - McInnes, Kathleen L. AU - Erwin, Timothy A. AU - Bathols, Janice M. T2 - Atmospheric Science Letters DA - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1002/asl.341 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 325 EP - 333 J2 - Atmosph. Sci. Lett. LA - en SN - 1530261X ER - TY - JOUR TI - European storminess: late nineteenth century to present AU - Matulla, C. AU - Schöner, W. AU - Alexandersson, H. AU - von Storch, H. AU - Wang, X. L. T2 - Climate Dynamics AB - Annual and seasonal statistics of local air pressure characteristics have already been used as proxies for storminess across Northern Europe. We present an update of such proxies for Northern Europe and an unprecedented analysis for Central Europe which together considerably extends the current knowledge of European storminess. Calculations are completed for three sets of stations, located in North-Western, Northern and Central Europe. Results derived from spatial differences (geostrophic winds) and single station pressure changes per 24 h support each other. Geostrophic winds’ high percentiles (95th, 99th) were relatively high during the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century; after that they leveled off somewhat, to get larger again in the late twentieth century. The decrease happens suddenly in Central Europe and over several decades in Northern Europe. The subsequent rise is most pronounced in North-Western Europe, while slow and steady in Central Europe. Europe’s storm climate has undergone significant changes throughout the past 130 years and comprises significant variations on a quasi-decadal timescale. Most recent years feature average or calm conditions, supporting claims raised in earlier studies with new evidence. Aside from some dissimilarity, a general agreement between the investigated regions appears to be the most prominent feature. The capability of the NAO index to explain storminess across Europe varies in space and with the considered period. DA - 2008/08/01/ PY - 2008 DO - 10.1007/s00382-007-0333-y DP - Springer Link VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 125 EP - 130 J2 - Clim Dyn LA - en SN - 1432-0894 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Waldschutzsituation 2019 in Österreich: Schäden durch Borkenkäfer weiter extrem hoch AU - Steyrer, G. AU - Cech, T.L. AU - Fürst, A. AU - Hoch, G. AU - Perny, B. T2 - BFW (2020): Waldschutzsituation 2016-2019 in Österreich. Erhebungen und Diagnosen des BFW und Dokumentation der Waldschädigungsfaktoren 2016 – 2019. Forstschutz Aktuell 64 DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 SP - 33 EP - 44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Trade-offs between temporal stability and level of forest ecosystem services provisioning under climate change AU - Albrich, Katharina AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Thom, Dominik AU - Seidl, Rupert T2 - Ecological Applications DA - 2018/10// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1002/eap.1785 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 28 IS - 7 SP - 1884 EP - 1896 J2 - Ecol Appl LA - en SN - 10510761 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can current management maintain forest landscape multifunctionality in the Eastern Alps in Austria under climate change? AU - Irauschek, Florian AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Lexer, Manfred J. T2 - Regional Environmental Change DA - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1007/s10113-015-0908-9 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 17 IS - 1 SP - 33 EP - 48 J2 - Reg Environ Change LA - en SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using a novel assessment framework to evaluate protective functions and timber production in Austrian mountain forests under climate change AU - Maroschek, Michael AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Lexer, Manfred J. T2 - Regional Environmental Change DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1007/s10113-014-0691-z DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 15 IS - 8 SP - 1543 EP - 1555 J2 - Reg Environ Change LA - en SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X N1 -number: 8
ER - TY - JOUR TI - What drives the future supply of regulating ecosystem services in a mountain forest landscape? AU - Seidl, Rupert AU - Albrich, Katharina AU - Erb, Karlheinz AU - Formayer, Herbert AU - Leidinger, David AU - Leitinger, Georg AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Rammer, Werner T2 - Forest Ecology and Management DA - 2019/08// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.03.047 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 445 SP - 37 EP - 47 J2 - Forest Ecology and Management LA - en SN - 03781127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Natural disturbance impacts on ecosystem services and biodiversity in temperate and boreal forests: Disturbance impacts on biodiversity and services AU - Thom, Dominik AU - Seidl, Rupert T2 - Biological Reviews DA - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1111/brv.12193 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 91 IS - 3 SP - 760 EP - 781 J2 - Biol Rev LA - en SN - 14647931 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Legacies of past land use have a stronger effect on forest carbon exchange than future climate change in a temperate forest landscape AU - Thom, Dominik AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Garstenauer, Rita AU - Seidl, Rupert T2 - Biogeosciences AB - Abstract. Forest ecosystems play an important role in the global climate system and are thus intensively discussed in the context of climate change mitigation. Over the past decades temperate forests were a carbon (C) sink to the atmosphere. However, it remains unclear to which degree this C uptake is driven by a recovery from past land use and natural disturbances or ongoing climate change, inducing high uncertainty regarding the future temperate forest C sink. Here our objectives were (i) to investigate legacies within the natural disturbance regime by empirically analyzing two disturbance episodes affecting the same landscape 90 years apart, and (ii) to unravel the effects of past land use and natural disturbances as well as the future climate on 21st century forest C uptake by means of simulation modeling. We collected historical data from archives to reconstruct the vegetation and disturbance history of a forest landscape in the Austrian Alps from 1905 to 2013. The effects of legacies and climate were disentangled by individually controlling for past land use, natural disturbances, and future scenarios of climate change in a factorial simulation study. We found only moderate spatial overlap between two episodes of wind and bark beetle disturbance affecting the landscape in the early 20th and 21st century, respectively. Our simulations revealed a high uncertainty about the relationship between the two disturbance episodes, whereas past land use clearly increased the impact of the second disturbance episode on the landscape. The future forest C sink was strongly driven by the cessation of historic land use, while climate change reduced forest C uptake. Compared to land-use change the two past episodes of natural disturbance had only marginal effects on the future carbon cycle. We conclude that neglecting legacies can substantially bias assessments of future forest dynamics. DA - 2018/09/25/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.5194/bg-15-5699-2018 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 15 IS - 18 SP - 5699 EP - 5713 J2 - Biogeosciences LA - en SN - 1726-4189 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling infestation risk of Norway spruce by Ips typographus (L.) in the Lower Saxon Harz Mountains (Germany) AU - Overbeck, Marc AU - Schmidt, Matthias T2 - Forest Ecology and Management DA - 2012/02// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.011 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 266 SP - 115 EP - 125 J2 - Forest Ecology and Management LA - en SN - 03781127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of salvage logging and sanitation felling on bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) infestations AU - Stadelmann, Golo AU - Bugmann, Harald AU - Meier, Franz AU - Wermelinger, Beat AU - Bigler, Christof T2 - Forest Ecology and Management AB - The European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) is the most devastating biotic disturbance agent in Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests of Central Europe and Scandinavia. To reduce damage by bark beetles, foresters aim at (i) preventing outbreaks by salvage logging of storm-damaged timber, and (ii) lowering bark beetle damage by sanitation felling of beetle-infested spruce trees. The effectiveness of these measures are controversially discussed but has not yet been thoroughly analyzed on a quantitative basis. We analyzed a survey dataset with annual resolution that covers 9years and 487 forest districts (82% of the forested area) all over Switzerland to quantify the drivers of bark beetle infestations, in particular salvage logging and sanitation felling. Poisson log-normal models were used to analyze the dynamics of bark beetle infestations at the forest district level. Bark beetle infestations increased with increasing storm damage, heat sum, volume of Norway spruce stock and the number of infestation spots in the previous year. In contrast, infestations decreased with increasing proportions of sanitation felling relative to the total volume of infested spruce, and with increasing proportions of salvaged windthrown spruce. Our study is the first to quantify the combined effects of salvage logging and sanitation felling on the infestation dynamics of I. typographus in subsequent years, thus allowing forest managers to improve management strategies of bark beetle damage. Sanitation felling and salvage logging reduce the emergence of new infestation spots. In regions with large scale storm damage, salvage logging is clearly more urgent than sanitation felling in the first year and it is therefore recommended to prioritize in the first year after storm events. DA - 2013/10/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.003 VL - 305 SP - 273 EP - 281 J2 - Forest Ecology and Management SN - 0378-1127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is salvage logging effectively dampening bark beetle outbreaks and preserving forest carbon stocks? AU - Dobor, Laura AU - Hlásny, Tomáš AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Zimová, Soňa AU - Barka, Ivan AU - Seidl, Rupert T2 - Journal of Applied Ecology A2 - Moore, Joslin A2 - Moore, Joslin DA - 2020/01// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1111/1365-2664.13518 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - 67 EP - 76 J2 - J Appl Ecol LA - en SN - 0021-8901, 1365-2664 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate-Smart Forestry: the missing link AU - Verkerk, P.J. AU - Costanza, R. AU - Hetemäki, L. AU - Kubiszewski, I. AU - Leskinen, P. AU - Nabuurs, G.J. AU - Potočnik, J. AU - Palahí, M. T2 - Forest Policy and Economics DA - 2020/06// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102164 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 115 SP - 102164 J2 - Forest Policy and Economics LA - en SN - 13899341 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Strategies for Climate-Smart Forest Management in Austria AU - Jandl, Robert AU - Ledermann, Thomas AU - Kindermann, Georg AU - Freudenschuss, Alexandra AU - Gschwantner, Thomas AU - Weiss, Peter T2 - Forests AB - We simulated Austrian forests under different sustainable management scenarios. A reference scenario was compared to scenarios focusing on the provision of bioenergy, enhancing the delivery of wood products, and reduced harvesting rates. The standing stock of the stem biomass, carbon in stems, and the soil carbon pool were calculated for the period 2010–2100. We used the forest growth model Câldis and the soil carbon model Yasso07. The wood demand of all scenarios could be satisfied within the simulation period. The reference scenario led to a small decrease of the stem biomass. Scenarios aiming at a supply of more timber decreased the standing stock to a greater extent. Emphasizing the production of bioenergy was successful for several decades but ultimately exhausted the available resources for fuel wood. Lower harvesting rates reduced the standing stock of coniferous and increased the standing stock of deciduous forests. The soil carbon pool was marginally changed by different management strategies. We conclude that the production of long-living wood products is the preferred implementation of climate-smart forestry. The accumulation of carbon in the standing biomass is risky in the case of disturbances. The production of bioenergy is suitable as a byproduct of high value forest products. DA - 2018/09/22/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.3390/f9100592 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 9 IS - 10 SP - 592 J2 - Forests LA - en SN - 1999-4907 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impacts and implications of an intensifying fire regime on Alaskan boreal forest composition and albedo: FIRE REGIME EFFECTS ON BOREAL FORESTS AU - Beck, Pieter S. A. AU - Goetz, Scott J. AU - Mack, Michelle C. AU - Alexander, Heather D. AU - Jin, Yufang AU - Randerson, James T. AU - Loranty, M. M. T2 - Global Change Biology DA - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02412.x DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 17 IS - 9 SP - 2853 EP - 2866 LA - en SN - 13541013 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global buffering of temperatures under forest canopies AU - De Frenne, Pieter AU - Zellweger, Florian AU - Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco AU - Scheffers, Brett R. AU - Hylander, Kristoffer AU - Luoto, Miska AU - Vellend, Mark AU - Verheyen, Kris AU - Lenoir, Jonathan T2 - Nature Ecology & Evolution DA - 2019/05// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1038/s41559-019-0842-1 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 3 IS - 5 SP - 744 EP - 749 J2 - Nat Ecol Evol LA - en SN - 2397-334X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of disturbance patterns and deadwood on the microclimate in European beech forests AU - Thom, Dominik AU - Sommerfeld, Andreas AU - Sebald, Julius AU - Hagge, Jonas AU - Müller, Jörg AU - Seidl, Rupert T2 - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology DA - 2020/09// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108066 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 291 SP - 108066 J2 - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology LA - en SN - 01681923 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Auswirkungen von Nutzungsrestriktionen auf die Wertschöpfungskette Holz – Beispiel Österreich AU - Schwarzbauer, Peter AU - Braun, Martin T2 - Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen AB - Impacts of harvest reductions on the value-added wood chain – the case of Austria Wooden biomass availability and the possibility of a scarcity due to a potential harvest reduction are of crucial importance to the Austrian forest-based sector but also relevant for decision makers in environmental policy. The simulation model of the Austrian forest-based sector (model: “Forst- und Holzwirtschaft”, FOHOW) was used to simulate two independent scenarios with harvest reduction in forests available for wood supply (FAWS). In one scenario the reductions are implemented on FAWS of “average” profitability, in the other scenario the reductions take place on FAWS with “poor” profitability. On the one hand, the aim of the study was the analysis of the impacts of reduced wood supply on the value-added wood chain until 2025, on the other hand the impact intensities of the two scenarios have been compared. In general, a harvest reduction resulting in less wood supply has a negative impact on the Austrian forest-based sector. While forestry and the sawmill industry suffer more from a harvest reduction in FAWS with average profitability (because of the lower supply of coniferous roundwood), a harvest reduction in FAWS with lower profitability would affect the panel and paper industry as well as the wood-based energy sector more negatively; reduced harvests in these forest areas would mainly reduce the supply of non-coniferous wood. This, in turn would fuel the competition between the use of wood for materials vs. energy and push pulp- and fuelwood prices up. DA - 2017/01/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.3188/szf.2017.0041 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 168 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 48 LA - en SN - 0036-7818, 2235-1469 N1 -number: 1
ER - TY - NEWS TI - Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung des Forst- und Holzsektors – eine Analyse der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit AU - Braun, M. AU - Schwarzbauer, P. AU - Hesser, F. T2 - BFW Praxisinformation 51 DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 SP - 25 EP - 28 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Energy and carbon balances of wood cascade chains AU - Sathre, Roger AU - Gustavsson, Leif T2 - Resources, Conservation and Reycling DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.12.008 VL - 47 IS - 4 SP - 332 EP - 355 ER - TY - MANSCPT TI - Wer sind Österreichs WaldeigentümerInnen? Einstellungen und Verhalten traditioneller und "neuer" Waldeigentümergruppen im Vergleich AU - Hogl, Karl AU - Pregernig, Michael AU - Weiß, Gerhard CY - Wien DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 M3 - Discussion Paper des Instituts für Sozioökonomik der Forst- und Holzwirtschaft ER - TY - JOUR TI - Analyse der Motive österreichischer Kleinwaldeigentümer als Schlüssel für die Holzmobilisierung AU - Huber, Wolfgang AU - Schwarzbauer, Peter AU - Stern, Tobias T2 - Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen AB - Analysis of Austrian small forest owners′ motivation as a key to wood mobilisation The largest potential to mobilise unused wood reserves in Austria is from small private forest owners (holdings under 200 ha). Small forest owners who participate in wood markets have shown high supply elasticity with respect to the sawlog price. Due to the ongoing structural change in agriculture the share of owners whose forest management is economically motivated is expected to fall. However, many of the small forest owners are very concerned to look after their forest well, although the understanding of what constitutes a clean and healthy forest can differ widely. Their objectives and motives were investigated by qualitative social research methods. Among respondents that did not have any forest related education or background the phenomenon known as “forest gardening” was observed. These people looked at and managed their forest with objectives and motives usually associated with private gardens. Overall, five different action patterns related to forest management were distinguished. Understanding the goals and motivation of small forest owners gives insight into the potential effectiveness of different wood mobilisation measures. Especially among inexperienced small forest owners, the offer of information, motivation and service is welcome. “Dialogue marketing” is an appropriate communication tool. New information channels, such as Facebook, should be used more to motivate small forest owners to manage their forests sustainably and produce more wood. DA - 2013/09/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.3188/szf.2013.0278 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 164 IS - 9 SP - 278 EP - 284 LA - en SN - 0036-7818, 2235-1469 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Privatwald in Österreich – neu entdeckt | Private forest property in Austria – newly discovered AU - Weiss, Gerhard AU - Hogl, Karl AU - Rametsteiner, Ewald AU - Sekot, Walter T2 - Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen AB - Around 80% of the Austrian forest area is private property. Recently, in addition to traditional and business economic research, sciences for sociology and innovation have also discovered the private forest property as a research subject. With respect to different property types, it is shown that the Austrian forest belongs more and more to non-traditional forest owners who show little interest in forestry. For years the actual wood production decreases significantly where rationalization (large forest properties) or adjustments of the timber production to price fluctuations (small forest properties) are taken as counter measures. In general, the intensity and type of innovation activity strongly depends on the size of the property. DA - 2007/09/01/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.3188/szf.2007.0293 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 158 IS - 9 SP - 293 EP - 301 LA - en SN - 0036-7818, 2235-1469 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Willingness to adapt to climate change by small forest owners in Austria AU - Pröbstl-Haider, U. AU - Mostegl, N. M. AU - Jandl, R. AU - Formayer, H. AU - Haider, W. AU - Pukall, K. AU - Melzer, V. T2 - Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung AB - The presented study investigates Austria's small-scale private forest owners' awareness of climate change and their willingness to adapt to its effects. The research is based on a country-wide survey of 919 forest owners which contained a specifically targeted choice experiment. The choice experiment analysed the willingness to implement adaptation measures through comparing the preferences for developing a spruce dominated stand towards a diverse, mixed stand. The results show that although the majority of forest owners already recognizes the effects of climate change, they are uncertain whether and when measures should be undertaken. The owners' willingness to adapt was higher whenever the proposed adaptation measures would be undertaken by a local forest enterprise in a soft procedure maintaining and enhancing the number of deciduous trees. Financial incentives, such as income from timber harvesting or governmental funding, did not have a strong effect on owners' choices, and neither did the forest value in 50 years. Further insights are based on a cluster and latent class analyses. © 2017 High Anthropological School University. All rights reserved. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - 10.23765/afjz0002007 VL - 188 IS - 7-8 SP - 113 EP - 126 J2 - Allg. Forst- Jagdztg. LA - German SN - 00025852 (ISSN) DB - Scopus ER - TY - JOUR TI - Metastudie zur Mobilisierung von Holzreserven aus dem österreichischen Kleinwald. Systematischer Review von Kleinwaldstudien aus fünf Jahrzehnten. AU - Huber, Wolfgang DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Targeting climate change adaptation strategies to small-scale private forest owners AU - Mostegl, Nina M. AU - Pröbstl-Haider, Ulrike AU - Jandl, Robert AU - Haider, Wolfgang T2 - Forest Policy and Economics DA - 2019/02// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2017.10.001 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 99 SP - 83 EP - 99 J2 - Forest Policy and Economics LA - en SN - 13899341 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Communication campaigns to engage (non-traditional) forest owners: A European perspective AU - Wilkes-Allemann, Jerylee AU - Deuffic, Philippe AU - Jandl, Robert AU - Westin, Kerstin AU - Lieberherr, Eva AU - Foldal, Cecilie AU - Lidestav, Gun AU - Weiss, Gerhard AU - Zabel, Astrid AU - Živojinović, Ivana AU - Pecurul-Botines, Mireia AU - Koller, Nancy AU - Haltia, Emmi AU - Sarvašová, Zuzana AU - Sarvaš, Milan AU - Curman, Marta AU - Riedl, Marcel AU - Jarský, Vilém T2 - Forest Policy and Economics AB - In Europe, private forest owners play an important role in achieving sustainability goals, such as those set by the European Green Deal. Efficient communication and coordination with these actors is therefore central. However, ongoing structural changes in forest ownership have in many cases silenced traditional communication channels, especially those involving owners of small forests. Their economic performance is often negligible at an individual level, yet collectively their forests play a pivotal role in a context of increasing demand for wood products. In this article, we analyse and compare forest campaigns in nine European countries. Specifically, we assess one-way and two-way communication models applying different techniques to engage (non-traditional) forest owners. Our analysis of 34 campaigns shows that (i) one-way communication models are still more widely used in the forest sector to engage non-traditional forest owners than two-way communication models; (ii) one-way communication aims at informing and is effective for short-term awareness raising, while two-way communication aims at persuading and is essential to trigger forest management activities over the long-term, (iii) interactive learning tools can play a crucial role for reaching and engaging (non-traditional) forest owners. We further conclude that campaigns could be improved by having 1) joint campaigns with public and private actors, 2) convincing narratives developed based on a good understanding of forest owners' motivations, 3) adapting the timing of campaigns to windows of opportunities and 4) developing intermediary associations (e.g. non-traditional forest owner associations) as connectors and trust builders between different actors as they play a crucial role in providing information to forest owners and supporting their engagement. DA - 2021/12/01/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102621 VL - 133 SP - 102621 J2 - Forest Policy and Economics SN - 1389-9341 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Forest products annual market review 2019-2020 AU - UNECE/FAO CY - Geneva DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 PB - UNECE, FAO SN - (No. ECE/TIM/SP/50) ER - TY - JOUR TI - Schadholz und Corona. Ein Weg aus der zweifachen Krise AU - Glasberg, L. AU - Strimitzer, L. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Studying the future of the forest sector: Review and implications for long-term outlook studies AU - Hurmekoski, Elias AU - Hetemäki, Lauri T2 - Forest Policy and Economics AB - Outlook studies have long traditions in the forest sector – they have been conducted regularly since the 1950s. Until very recently, the approaches used in these studies have remained relatively unchanged. However, the global forest sector has been faced with major structural changes and its operating environment has become ever more complex and interlinked with other sectors. The aim of this article is to review the forest sector outlook approaches in face of these changes, and to analyze how well they have been able to capture and project the changes. Moreover, we raise the question of whether they seem informative enough for the purposes of today's decision makers and other stakeholders. The results indicate that the existing outlook studies have not been able to sufficiently capture the structural changes in global paper markets, and it may be that they have difficulties in considering the possible structural changes in other markets as well. In order to assess the changes occurring in the operating environment more systematically, and to better meet the needs of policy-makers and stakeholders, there are potential advantages in complementing the current modeling approach dominant in the forest sector with other methods from the field of foresight. DA - 2013/09/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2013.05.005 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 34 SP - 17 EP - 29 J2 - Forest Policy and Economics LA - en SN - 1389-9341 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Forest Products Markets under Change: Review and Research Implications AU - Hetemäki, Lauri AU - Hurmekoski, Elias T2 - Current Forestry Reports AB - In terms of global forest product market developments, the twenty-first century has been in many ways very different from the twentieth century—striking structural changes have taken place. The global forest sector can be interpreted to be in a phase of creative destruction—an era characterized by a major decline of a number of established products and businesses, and simultaneous emergence of new products and businesses. DA - 2016/09/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1007/s40725-016-0042-z DP - Springer Link VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 177 EP - 188 J2 - Curr Forestry Rep LA - en SN - 2198-6436 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Identification of structural breaks in the forest product markets: how sensitive are to changes in the Nordic region? AU - Khanam, Tahamina AU - Rahman, Abul AU - Mola-Yudego, Blas AU - Pykäläinen, Jouni T2 - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change AB - Forests play a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle and can be managed to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and conserve or sequester carbon. Global policy and environmental changes can affect regional consumption of forest products, as well as inter-regional trade of forest goods and services. This study analyzes global and regional change impacts on the production, consumption and trade of forest products in two Nordic countries, Finland and Sweden. Annual data on removal and trade (1964–2012) for roundwood and sawnwood is used to identify structural breaks based on Chow tests. According to the analysis, the time period is divided into two periods: t1 (1964–1980) and t2 (1981–2012). In the first period, breaks occurred in 1975 and 1976 in the Finnish model and no break is found in the Swedish model. In the second period, we identify breaks in 1991 and 1992 for the Finnish model and in 2004, 2005 and 2006 for the Swedish model. Although our findings have broad empirical support, we do not identify any specific incident as a direct cause of the changes in the consumption and trade patterns of the two types of wood in these countries. The models and analysis presented here can serve as methodological tools for policymakers to better understand the effects of structural changes in the production of forest goods and services in the Nordic region and globally. DA - 2017/03/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1007/s11027-015-9681-9 DP - Springer Link VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 469 EP - 483 J2 - Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change LA - en SN - 1573-1596 ER - TY - THES TI - Modelling European forest products consumption and trade in a context of structural change AU - Rougieux, Paul CY - Nancy DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - Université de Lorraine ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simulating possible impacts of roundwood procurement problems in Austria on wood-based energy production and forest-based industries AU - Schwarzbauer, Peter AU - Weinfurter, Stefan AU - Stern, Tobias AU - Koch, Sebastian T2 - Biomass and Bioenergy AB - Wooden biomass is the main source for energy based on biomass in Austria. Only a part of the wooden biomass for energy directly originates in forests. Other major sources include post-consumer wood and by-products of the Austrian forest-based industries. Consumption of wooden biomass has been growing much more than domestic production, forest-based industries are building up capacities in neighbouring countries, leaving less raw materials for exports to Austria than in the decades before. The authors have assessed the possible effects of a wood raw material shortage with a System-Dynamics simulation model of the Austrian forest-based sector (FOHOW). The model covers the interactions between the general economy and the forest-based sector, including wood-based energy. The simulation period ranged from 2006 to 2025. Beside a business as usual scenario, scenarios with a sawlog import reduction, a sawmill capacity reduction as well as a paper and panel capacity reduction were simulated. Probably the most notable result of the analysis is the strong impact of the sawmill industry on the fuelwood prices and availability. Despite increased fuelwood supply from forests, reduction of sawmill capacity will lead to the inability of fully meeting renewable energy policy objectives due to a shortage of sawmill residues. With exemption of the panel & paper capacity reduction scenario all other scenarios project a slight reduction of growing stock until 2025. But after decades of harvest below the increment such a development is not per se unsustainable. It can be expected that a shift in the Austrian forests towards younger stands will slightly increase the average increment. DA - 2015/10/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.08.001 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 81 SP - 602 EP - 611 J2 - Biomass and Bioenergy LA - en SN - 0961-9534 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Industrien der Holzverarbeitung AU - Strimitzer, L. CY - Wien DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 M3 - Marktinformation PB - MBK, Klimaaktiv ER - TY - JOUR TI - Economic crises: Impacts on the forest-based sector and wood-based energy use in Austria AU - Schwarzbauer, Peter AU - Weinfurter, Stefan AU - Stern, Tobias AU - Koch, Sebastian T2 - Forest Policy and Economics AB - In light of the recent economic crisis, the authors have assessed the effects of different types of economic crises' scenarios on the Austrian forest-based sector using a simulation model (FOHOW) written in the System-Dynamics (SD) language. The model addresses the interactions between the general economy and the forest sector, including forestry, forestry-based industries and energy. The simulation period for all of the scenarios ranged from 2006 to 2025. As compared to the past, the development of the sector substantially changes, even in the base scenario. These changes are primarily caused by increased demand for wooden biomass for energy due to the assumed execution of the National Action Plan for Renewable Energy. All crises' scenarios resulted in declining production and lower prices compared to the base scenario, differing only in magnitude. Forestry, sawmill and paper industries perform better in an export crisis than in a local crisis, because decreased exports can, to a certain extent, be compensated for by increasing domestic demand, while the domestic shortfalls are difficult to compensate by raising exports. By contrast, the export-oriented panel industry does better in a local crisis simulation. In general, economic crises only moderately change the assortment composition of timber supply within the forestry industry. The results also show that the sawmill industry plays a vital role in the allocation of wooden biomass in all of the scenarios. When developing policies for forest-based industries, specifically the procurement of wooden raw material, the key role of the sawmill industry must be considered in each case. DA - 2013/02/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2012.11.004 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 27 SP - 13 EP - 22 J2 - Forest Policy and Economics LA - en SN - 1389-9341 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Branchenbericht 2019/20 AU - Fachverband der Holzindustrie CY - Wien DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 PB - Fachverband der Holzindustrie ER - TY - RPRT TI - Branchenbericht 2018/19 AU - Fachverband der Holzindustrie CY - Wien DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - Fachverband der Holzindustrie ER - TY - NEWS TI - 100,000 m³ cross-laminated timber factories as default? AU - Jauk, G. T2 - Timber Online DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 UR - www.timber-online.net/holzprodukte/2019/11/100000-m3-cross-laminated-timber-factories-as-default.html ER - TY - RPRT TI - Branchenbericht 2018/19 AU - Austropapier CY - Wien DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - Vereinigung der Österreichischen Papierindustrie ER - TY - CHAP TI - Central-European outlook AU - Schwarzbauer, Peter AU - Stern, Tobias AU - Ettwein, Frederike T2 - What Science Can Tell Us. Future of the European Forest-Based Sector: Structural Changes Towards Bioeconomy CY - Joensuu DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 SP - 65 EP - 76 PB - European Forest Institute ER - TY - MANSCPT TI - Adaptive forest management and its effect on the competitiveness on the Austrian forest-based sector AU - Braun, Martin AU - Hesser, Franziska AU - Schwarzbauer, Peter CY - Wien DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Deforestation displaced: trade in forest-risk commodities and the prospects for a global forest transition AU - Pendrill, Florence AU - Persson, U. Martin AU - Godar, Javier AU - Kastner, Thomas T2 - Environmental Research Letters AB - While many developed countries are increasing their forest cover, deforestation is still rife in the tropics and subtropics. With international trade in forest-risk commodities on the rise, it is becoming increasingly important to consider between-country trade linkages in assessing the drivers of—and possible connections between—forest loss and gain across countries. Previous studies have shown that countries that have undergone a forest transition (and are now increasing their forest cover) tend to displace land use outside their borders. However, lack of comprehensive data on deforestation drivers imply that it has not been possible to ascertain whether this has accelerated forest loss in sourcing countries. To remedy this, we present a land-balance model that quantifies deforestation embodied in production of agricultural and forestry commodities at country level across the tropics and subtropics, subsequently tracing embodied deforestation to countries of apparent consumption using a physical, country-to-country trade model. We find that in the period 2005–2013, 62% (5.5 Mha yr−1) of forest loss could be attributed to expanding commercial cropland, pastures and tree plantations. The commodity groups most commonly associated with deforestation were cattle meat, forestry products, oil palm, cereals and soybeans, though variation between countries and regions was large. A large (26%) and slightly increasing share of deforestation was attributed to international demand, the bulk of which (87%) was exported to countries that either exhibit decreasing deforestation rates or increasing forest cover (late- or post-forest transition countries), particularly in Europe and Asia (China, India, and Russia). About a third of the net forest gains in post-forest transition countries was in this way offset by imports of commodities causing deforestation elsewhere, suggesting that achieving a global forest transition will be substantially more challenging than achieving national or regional ones. DA - 2019/05// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/ab0d41 DP - Institute of Physics VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 055003 J2 - Environ. Res. Lett. LA - en SN - 1748-9326 N1 -publisher: IOP Publishing
ER - TY - JOUR TI - International wood trade and forest change: A global analysis AU - Kastner, Thomas AU - Erb, Karl-Heinz AU - Nonhebel, Sanderine T2 - Global Environmental Change DA - 2011/08// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.05.003 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 947 EP - 956 J2 - Global Environmental Change LA - en SN - 09593780 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Resource flows and land use in Austria 1950–2000: using the MEFA framework to monitor society–nature interaction for sustainability AU - Krausmann, Fridolin AU - Haberl, Helmut AU - Erb, Karl-Heinz AU - Wackernagel, Mathis T2 - Land Use Policy T3 - Land use and sustainability Indicators AB - This paper presents the ‘MEFA toolbox’, which is designed to measure society–nature interaction. MEFA stands for ‘material and energy flow accounting’ and refers to a set of quantitative methods to trace the materials and energy throughput of societies in a way that can be readily linked to established socio-economic data sets on a national and sub-national level. Within the MEFA framework, accounts of socio-economic material and energy stocks and flows can be linked to land use and its impact on material and energy stocks and flows in terrestrial ecosystems. Using Austria 1950–2000 as an empirical example, we demonstrate how MEFA tools can be used to assess the correlation of physical and monetary growth, and we discuss how changes in socio-economic metabolism and land use are related. We also outline some possible future research directions. DA - 2004/07/01/ PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2003.10.005 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 215 EP - 230 J2 - Land Use Policy LA - en SN - 0264-8377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Das Angebotsverhalten der österreichischen Forstwirtschaft hinsichtlich veränderter Rahmenbedingungen – eine ökonometrische Analyse. AU - Schwarzbauer, Peter AU - Huber, Wolfgang AU - Koch, Sebastian P. AU - Stern, Tobias T2 - Allgemeine Forst und Jagdzeitung DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 VL - 183 IS - 3-4 SP - 45 EP - 55 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Forstwirtschaft und Holzverarbeitung AU - Wolf, Günter T2 - Branchen Bericht CY - Wien DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - Bank Austria ER - TY - RPRT TI - Austrian Market Report 2020. Statement submitted by the Austrian Delegation to the 78th Session of the ECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry (COFFI). AU - BMLRT DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Starke Monatsverluste bei Rund- und Schnittholz AU - Ebner, G. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 UR - https://www.holzkurier.com/content/holz/holzkurier/de/schnittholz/2019/09/preisindizes-rundholz-und-schnittholz-in-oesterreich-juli-2019.html Y2 - 2021/02/15/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Ressourcennutzung in Österreich 2020. Band 3 AU - BMK CY - Wien DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 DP - Zotero SP - 130 LA - de PB - Institut für Soziale Ökologie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Statistik Austria ER - TY - ELEC TI - Website of Eurostat. Material flow accounts AU - Eurostat DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=env_ac_mfa&lang=de ER - TY - RPRT TI - Feldfruchternte Kalenderjahr 2020. Endgültige Ergebnisse AU - Statistik Austria CY - Wien DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 DP - Zotero SP - 14 LA - de ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biomass streams in Austria: Drawing a complete picture of biogenic material flows within the national economy AU - Kalt, Gerald T2 - Resources, Conservation and Recycling AB - In order to achieve the targets defined in the European Union's "Low Carbon Roadmap", the "Energy Roadmap 2050" and the "Bioeconomy Strategy", an enhanced use of biomass is required; not only for energy but also for material uses. In this context and to facilitate targeted resource and energy policy measures, profound knowledge of the status quo of biomass utilization is of crucial importance. The core objective of this paper is to provide complete flow diagrams of the biomass streams within the Austrian economic system from a meso-scale perspective, taking into account all types of uses. Contrary to material flow accounts (MFA), internal streams (e.g. due to biomass processing and transformation, recycling and reuse of residues and by-products, stock changes of end-consumer products) are explicitly taken into consideration and quantified. This approach reveals gaps and inconsistencies in statistical data and facilitates conclusions about quantities not recorded in statistics. Furthermore, the structure of biomass use is visualized and the extent of biogenic material reuse and recycling is revealed. The results show that biomass imports to Austria surpassed exports by about 15% in 2011 (based on dry mass). The distribution of biomass among the different uses depends on whether direct consumption or final uses are considered. In the latter case, which is considered more appropriate, inland biomass consumption was distributed as follows: 7% human food, 18% raw material, 38% energy and 37% animal feed. Exports are primarily composed of wood products. Contrary to common assumption, energy recovery is still usually the ultimate step of cascadic biomass use rather than primary purpose, or based on by-products. Judging from wood quantities being processed and consumed and foreign trade data, domestic wood supply according to felling reports (and stated as "domestic extraction used" in official MFA data) is clearly underrated. Conversely, domestic feed production according to MFA data is inconsistent with official animal feed statistics and appears to be overestimated by at least 30%. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.12.006 VL - 95 SP - 100 EP - 111 N1 -publisher: Elsevier B.V.
ER - TY - RPRT TI - Biogene Materialflüsse in Österreich. Derzeitiger Stand und Perspektiven für eine verstärkte stoffliche Nutzung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen in den Bereichen Biokunststoffe und Dämmstoffe AU - Kalt, Gerald AU - Amtmann, Maria CY - Vienna, Austria DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 M3 - Projekt im Rahmen des Programms „klimaaktiv nawaro markt“ PB - Österreichische Energieagentur – Austrian Energy Agency UR - https://www.energyagency.at/fileadmin/dam/pdf/projekte/klimapolitik/Bericht_Biomassefluesse__pdf_.pdf Y2 - 2021/10/19/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Economy-wide material flow accounts. Handbook. 2018 edition AU - Eurostat AU - Statistisches Amt CY - Luxembourg DA - 2018/06// PY - 2018 DP - Open WorldCat LA - en SN - 978-92-79-88337-8 UR - https://doi.org/10.2785/158567 Y2 - 2019/05/10/ N1 -OCLC: 1097987052
ER - TY - ELEC TI - Website von FAOSTAT. Forestry production and trade AU - FAO DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Holzströme in Österreich 2018 AU - Strimitzer, Lorenz AU - Höher, Martin AU - Nemestothy, Kasimir CY - Wien DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 PB - Austrian Energy Agency, Landwirtschaftskammer Österreich ER - TY - JOUR TI - Website von Austropapier. Daten und Fakten. Energie AU - Austropapier DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 UR - https://austropapier.at/service-presse-daten-fakten-energie/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Website von Statistik Austria. Energiebilanzen: Gesamtenergiebilanz Österreich 1970 bis 2019 (Detailinformation) AU - Statistik Austria DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 UR - http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/energie_umwelt_innovation_mobilitaet/energie_und_umwelt/energie/energiebilanzen/index.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - An assessment of international trade related to bioenergy use in Austria—Methodological aspects, recent developments and the relevance of indirect trade AU - Kalt, Gerald AU - Kranzl, Lukas T2 - Energy Policy DA - 2012/07// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.026 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 46 SP - 537 EP - 549 J2 - Energy Policy LA - en SN - 03014215 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Technology Gaps bei der Erreichung der Klimaziele 2050: Bioenergie-Technologien, Ressourcen und Nachhaltigkeit AU - Kranzl, Lukas AU - Matzenberger, Julian AU - Kalt, Gerald AU - Zwiauer, Katharina CY - Vienna DA - 2013/06// PY - 2013 PB - Vienna University of Technology ER - TY - JOUR TI - The European wood pellets for heating market - Price developments, trade and market efficiency AU - Schipfer, Fabian AU - Kranzl, Lukas AU - Olsson, Olle AU - Lamers, Patrick T2 - Energy AB - Competitive international markets imply adjustments towards competitive spatial equilibrium in which excess from one market is transferred to another and prices are equilibrated except for remaining differences that can be assigned to transfer costs. The European market for wood pellets used in small-scale heating systems has been expanding significantly over the past decade. Small scale pellet heating is arguably a mature technology, but whether the market is mature is another question. In this paper we analyse recent data on trade flows and price developments between Italy, Austria, Germany and France to understand the developments of wood pellet market efficiency and to draw conclusions about market function. The objective of this study is to establish a framework to test the European residential wood pellet market for competitive spatial equilibrium using modern trade theory. We find mainly inefficiently integrated markets with remaining positive marginal profits and detectable arbitrageurs’ activity. Based on a thorough discussion of these findings and the underlying data we outline possible methodology advancements and list policy recommendations to secure access and affordability of this renewable heating commodity in the long run. DA - 2020/12// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118636 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 212 SP - 118636 J2 - Energy LA - en SN - 03605442 ER - TY - JOUR TI - European residential wood pellet trade and prices dataset AU - Schipfer, Fabian AU - Kranzl, Lukas AU - Olsson, Olle AU - Lamers, Patrick T2 - Data in Brief DA - 2020/10// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106254 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 32 SP - 106254 J2 - Data in Brief LA - en SN - 23523409 ER - TY - MANSCPT TI - Analysis of the CO2 effects of forest and timber uzilisation in Austria AU - Braun, Martin AU - Schwarzbauer, Peter AU - Hesser, Franziska AU - Gschwandtner, Thomas AU - Kindermann, Georg AU - Schadauer, Klemens AU - Jandl, Robert AU - Ludvig, Alice AU - Weiss, Gerhard AU - Fritz, David AU - Pölz, Werner AU - Schmid, Carmen AU - Weiss, Peter CY - Wien DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Increasing forest disturbances in Europe and their impact on carbon storage AU - Seidl, Rupert AU - Schelhaas, Mart-Jan AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Verkerk, Pieter Johannes T2 - Nature Climate Change AB - European forest disturbance—due to wind, bark beetles and wildfires—has increased in association with climate changes, but future disturbance-response remains highly uncertain. Now, research based on an ensemble of climate change scenarios indicates that an increase in forest disturbance is probable in the coming decades, with implications for forest carbon storage. DA - 2014/09/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1038/nclimate2318 VL - 4 IS - 9 SP - 806 EP - 810 J2 - Nature Climate Change SN - 1758-6798 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Forest disturbances under climate change AU - Seidl, Rupert AU - Thom, Dominik AU - Kautz, Markus AU - Martin-Benito, Dario AU - Peltoniemi, Mikko AU - Vacchiano, Giorgio AU - Wild, Jan AU - Ascoli, Davide AU - Petr, Michal AU - Honkaniemi, Juha AU - Lexer, Manfred J. AU - Trotsiuk, Volodymyr AU - Mairota, Paola AU - Svoboda, Miroslav AU - Fabrika, Marek AU - Nagel, Thomas A. AU - Reyer, Christopher P. O. T2 - Nature Climate Change DA - 2017/06// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1038/nclimate3303 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 7 IS - 6 SP - 395 EP - 402 J2 - Nature Clim Change LA - en SN - 1758-678X, 1758-6798 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate change may cause severe loss in the economic value of European forest land AU - Hanewinkel, Marc AU - Cullmann, Dominik A. AU - Schelhaas, Mart-Jan AU - Nabuurs, Gert-Jan AU - Zimmermann, Niklaus E. T2 - Nature Climate Change DA - 2013/03// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1038/nclimate1687 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 203 EP - 207 J2 - Nature Clim Change LA - en SN - 1758-678X, 1758-6798 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Wärmezukunft 2050. Erfordernisse und Konsequanzen der Dekarbonisierung von Raumwärme und Warmwasserbereitstellung in Österreich AU - Kranzl, L AU - Müller, A AU - Maia, I. AU - Büchele, R. AU - Hartner, M. CY - Wien DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SP - 195 M3 - Endbericht PB - Technische Universität UR - https://eeg.tuwien.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/projects/import-downloads/PR_469_Waermewende_finalreport.pdf ER - TY - CONF TI - The effect of subsistence use of fuelwood on market availability (sales) in Austria AU - Braun, M. AU - Schwarzbauer, P. T2 - 7th international scientific conference on sustainable development of agriculture and economy, JUN 20-23 2018 C1 - Ulaanbaatar, MONGOLIA DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Innovations for securing forest ecosystem service provision in Europe – A systematic literature review AU - Maier, Carolin AU - Hebermehl, Wiebke AU - Grossmann, Carol M. AU - Loft, Lasse AU - Mann, Carsten AU - Hernández-Morcillo, Mónica T2 - Ecosystem Services DA - 2021/12// PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101374 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 52 SP - 101374 J2 - Ecosystem Services LA - en SN - 22120416 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon dynamics and GHG implications of increasing wood construction: long-term scenarios for residential buildings in Austria AU - Kalt, Gerald T2 - Carbon Management DA - 2018/05/04/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1080/17583004.2018.1469948 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - 265 EP - 275 J2 - Carbon Management LA - en SN - 1758-3004, 1758-3012 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Energy vs. material: Economic impacts of a “wood-for-energy scenario” on the forest-based sector in Austria — A simulation approach AU - Schwarzbauer, Peter AU - Stern, Tobias T2 - Forest Policy and Economics T3 - Forest sector models and their application AB - In this paper, a simulation model of the Austrian forest-based sector (FOHOW) was used to assess the effects of increasing wood utilization for energy production on the Austrian forest-based sector. In order to reflect the political targets regarding the use of renewable energy a “wood-for-energy” scenario was developed and compared with a “business-as-usual” base-scenario up to the year 2020. The analysis shows that the rising fuelwood demand in the “wood-for-energy” scenario would clearly lead to a much stronger competition for small roundwood (pulpwood) and sawmill residues. Compared to the base scenario, this competition would increase pulpwood prices and — to some extent — forest product prices (especially sawmill residues and pulp). In general, forestry and sawmills would be the winners, the panel and paper industries would be the losers of a “wood-for-energy” policy. The panel and paper industries would face decreased gross profits, because of two developments happening at the same time: a decrease in production and an increase in costs (roundwood and sawmill residues) beyond the increase of forest products prices. The analysis also reveals that the additional demand for fuelwood could only be met by an additional supply from the Austrian forests — if the fuelwood price was attractive enough (by 2020 more than 50% higher than in the base-scenario) for the forest owners. DA - 2010/01/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2009.09.004 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 31 EP - 38 J2 - Forest Policy and Economics LA - en SN - 1389-9341 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Real potential for changes in growth and use of EU forests. AU - Mantau, Udo AU - Saal, Ulrike AU - Prins, Kit AU - Steierer, Florian AU - Lindner, Marcus AU - Verkerk, Hans AU - Eggers, Jeannette AU - Leek, Nico AU - Oldenburger, Jan AU - Asikainen, Antti AU - Anttila, Perttu T2 - EUwood - Final report CY - Hamburg DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The energetic basis of the urban heat island AU - Oke, T. R. T2 - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society DA - 1982/01/01/ PY - 1982 DO - 10.1002/qj.49710845502 VL - 108 IS - 455 SP - 1 EP - 24 J2 - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society SN - 0035-9009 N1 -number: 455
publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-3686-2_5
ER - TY - BOOK TI - Urban climates AU - Oke, Timothy R AU - Mills, Gerald AU - Christen, Andreas AU - Voogt, James A DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 0-521-84950-0 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Klima von Wien = Beiträge zur Stadtforschung, Stadtentwicklung und Stadtgestaltung, Band 20 : Eine andwendungsorientierte Klimatographie ; Forschungsprojekt (Projekt WC8)im Rahmen der Bund-Bundesländer-Kooperation auf dem Gebiet der Rohstoff- und Energieforschung AU - Auer, Ingeborg AU - Böhm, Reinhard AU - Mohnl, Hans DA - 1989/// PY - 1989 PB - Magistrat der Stadt Wien ; Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik UR - https://www.wien.gv.at/stadtentwicklung/studien/c005692.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - Starke Niederschläge im Wiener Stadtgebiet AU - Böhm, R. T2 - Wetter und Leben DA - 1979/// PY - 1979 VL - 31 SP - 207 EP - 230 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Starke Niederschläge im Wiener Stadtgebiet AU - Böhm, R. T2 - Wetter und Leben DA - 1979/// PY - 1979 VL - 31 SP - 207 EP - 230 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Historical Instrumental Climatological Surface Time Series Of The Greater Alpine Region – Langzeitklimareihen der mittleren Lufttemperatur in Sommer für die Station Wien - Hohe Warte AU - ZAMG DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the influence of density and morphology on the Urban Heat Island intensity AU - Li, Yunfei AU - Schubert, Sebastian AU - Kropp, Jürgen P. AU - Rybski, Diego T2 - Nature Communications AB - Abstract The canopy layer urban heat island (UHI) effect, as manifested by elevated near-surface air temperatures in urban areas, exposes urban dwellers to additional heat stress in many cities, specially during heat waves. We simulate the urban climate of various generated cities under the same weather conditions. For mono-centric cities, we propose a linear combination of logarithmic city area and logarithmic gross building volume, which also captures the influence of building density. By studying various city shapes, we generalise and propose a reduced form to estimate UHI intensities based only on the structure of urban sites, as well as their relative distances. We conclude that in addition to the size, the UHI intensity of a city is directly related to the density and an amplifying effect that urban sites have on each other. Our approach can serve as a UHI rule of thumb for the comparison of urban development scenarios. DA - 2020/12// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1038/s41467-020-16461-9 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 2647 J2 - Nat Commun LA - en SN - 2041-1723 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of city size and urban form in the surface urban heat island AU - Zhou, Bin AU - Rybski, Diego AU - Kropp, Jürgen P. T2 - Scientific Reports DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-04242-2 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 4791 J2 - Sci Rep LA - en SN - 2045-2322 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urban climate in Central European cities and global climate change AU - Bokwa, Anita AU - Dobrovolný, Petr AU - Gál, Tamás AU - Geletič, Jan AU - Gulyás, Ágnes AU - Hajto, Monika J AU - Holec, Juraj AU - Hollósi, Brigitta AU - Kielar, Rafał AU - Lehnert, Michal AU - Skarbit, Nóra AU - Šťastný, Pavel AU - Švec, Marek AU - Unger, János AU - Walawender, Jakub AU - Žuvela-Aloise, Maja T2 - Acta climatologica et chorologica AB - Urban areas are among those most endangered with the potential global climate changes. The studies concerning the impact of global changes on local climate of cities are of a high significance for the urban inhabitants' health and wellbeing. This paper is the final report of a project (Urban climate in Central European cities and global climate change) with the aim to raise the public awareness on those issues in five Central European cities: Szeged (Hungary), Brno (Czech Republic), Bratislava (Slovakia), Kraków (Poland) and Vienna (Austria). Within the project, complex data concerning local geomorphological features, land use and long-term climatological data were used to perform the climate modelling analyses using the model MUKLIMO_3 provided by the German Weather Service (DWD). DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.14232/acta.clim.2018.52.1 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 51-52 IS - 1 SP - 7 EP - 35 J2 - Acta climatologica SN - 05630614 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of Densification on Urban Microclimate—A Case Study for the City of Vienna AU - Loibl, Wolfgang AU - Vuckovic, Milena AU - Etminan, Ghazal AU - Ratheiser, Matthias AU - Tschannett, Simon AU - Österreicher, Doris T2 - Atmosphere AB - Climate adaptation, mitigation, and protecting strategies are becoming even more important as climate change is intensifying. The impacts of climate change are especially tangible in dense urban areas due to the inherent characteristics of urban structure and materiality. To assess impacts of densification on urban climate and potential adaptation strategies a densely populated Viennese district was modeled as a typical sample area for the city of Vienna. The case study analyzed the large-scale densification potential and its potential effects on microclimate, air flow, comfort, and energy demand by developing 3D models of the area showing the base case and densification scenarios. Three methods were deployed to assess the impact of urban densification: Micro-climate analysis (1) explored urban heat island phenomena, wind pattern analysis (2) investigated ventilation and wind comfort at street level, and energy and indoor climate comfort analysis (3) compared construction types and greening scenarios and analyzed their impact on the energy demand and indoor temperatures. Densification has negative impacts on urban microclimates because of reducing wind speeds and thus weakening ventilation of street canyons, as well as accelerating heat island effects and associated impact on the buildings. However, densification also has daytime cooling effects because of larger shaded areas. On buildings, densification may have negative effects especially in the new upper, sun-exposed floors. Construction material has less impact than glazing area and rooftop greening. Regarding adaptation to climate change, the impacts of street greening, green facades, and green roofs were simulated: The 24-h average mean radiant temperature (MRT) at street level can be reduced by up to 15 K during daytime. At night there is only a slight reduction by a few tenths of 1 K MRT. Green facades have a similar effect on MRT reduction, while green roofs show only a slight reduction by a few tenths of 1 K MRT on street level. The results show that if appropriate measures were applied, negative effects of densification could be reduced, and positive effects could be achieved. DA - 2021/04/17/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.3390/atmos12040511 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 511 J2 - Atmosphere LA - en SN - 2073-4433 ER - TY - CONF TI - Urban Densification and Urban Climate Change – Assessing Interaction through Densification Scenarios and Climate Simulations AU - Loibl, Wolfgang AU - Ghazal, Etminan AU - Österreicher, Doris AU - Ratheiser, Matthias AU - Stollnberger, Romana AU - Tschannett, Simon AU - Tötzer, Tanja AU - Vuckovic, Milena AU - Walal, Karoline T2 - Proceedings of REAL CORP 2019, 24th International Conference on Urban Development, Regional Planning and Information Society C3 - IS THIS THE REAL WORLD? Perfect Smart Cities vs. Real Emotional Cities. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 SP - 809 EP - 817 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Urban Heat Island Strategieplan Wien AU - MA 22 DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SP - 112 UR - https://www.wien.gv.at/umweltschutz/raum/uhi-strategieplan.html Y2 - 2020/05/11/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Green Resilient City - A framework to integrate the Green and Open Space Factor and climate simulations into everyday planning to support a green and climate-sensitive landscape and urban development AU - Reinwald, F AU - Ring, Z AU - Kraus, F AU - Kainz, A AU - Tötzer, T AU - Damyanovic, D T2 - IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science DA - 2019/09/06/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1088/1755-1315/323/1/012082 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 323 SP - 012082 J2 - IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. SN - 1755-1315 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urban transformation and heat island: Potential of urban design alternatives to mitigate the effects of urban overheating in Austrian cities AU - Vuckovic, M. AU - Tötzer, T. AU - Stollnberger, R. AU - Loibl, W. T2 - Journal of Urban Environment AB - Ongoing urbanization worldwide present a big challenge for the quality of urban life. This development poses great challengesfor cities due to the growing demand for more living space and supporting infrastructure, resulting in environmental pollution, higher anthropogenic waste heat and poor outdoor thermal comfort. To accommodate this rapid expansion of urban areas, the city authorities need to adopt a more climate-sensitive approach to urban transformation. In this regard, the present contribution investigates the potential of specific planning and adaptation strategies to attenuate the urban overheating for distinct urban locations in Vienna and Linz, Austria, over a hotsummer period. For this purpose, we applied the parametric modelling environment Rhinoceros 3D and a number of built-in algorithms in the Rhino’s plug-in Grasshopper for dynamic simulation of urban microclimate. The results were compared based on the meanradiant temperature (MRT) averaged over a 24-hour cycle and differentiated into day-and night-time shares. The results reveal a notable potential of selected greening measures to positively influence outdoor thermal conditions. The effectiveness of thesemeasures, however, seem to be time-dependent, whereby a more pronounced cooling effect was noted during the daytime, attributed to the solar shielding effect. DA - 2020/03/30/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.34154/2020-JUE-0101-03-14/euraass DP - DOI.org (Crossref) SP - 03 EP - 14 J2 - J. Urb. Env. LA - en SN - 2726-0844 ER - TY - JOUR TI - ExtremA 2019: Aktueller Wissensstand zu Extremereignissen alpiner Naturgefahren in Österreich AU - Glade, Thomas AU - Mergili, Martin AU - Sattler, Katrin AB - Das Wissen über Auftreten, Ursachen und Folgen von Extremereignissen alpiner Naturgefahren in Österreich ist essentiell zur Entwicklung geeigneter Maßnahmen zur Risikominimierung. In der öffentlichen Berichterstattung wird oft von »noch... DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 LA - de UR - https://www.vandenhoeck-ruprecht-verlage.com/themen-entdecken/sozial-rechts-und-wirtschaftswissenschaften/natur-landschaft/55101/extrema-2019 Y2 - 2021/03/04/ ER - TY - ELEC TI - Flächeninanspruchnahme - Entwicklung des jährlichen Bodenverbrauchs in Österreich AU - Umweltbundesamt DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - https://www.umweltbundesamt.at/umweltthemen/boden/flaecheninanspruchnahme Y2 - 2020/06/22/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Characteristics of Urban Agglomerations in Different Continents: History, Patterns, Dynamics, Drivers and Trends AU - Loibl, W. AU - Etminan, G. AU - Gebetsroither-Geringer, E. AU - Neumann, Hans-Martin AU - Sanchez-Guzman, S. T2 - Urban Agglomeration A2 - Ergen, M. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 SN - 978-953-51-4093-1 UR - https://www.intechopen.com/books/urban-agglomeration/characteristics-of-urban-agglomerations-in-different-continents-history-patterns-dynamics-drivers-an ER - TY - CHAP TI - AGII Gesellschafts- und Bevölkerungsentwicklung Orientierungspapier 3. Fassung – Jänner 2010 AU - Fassmann, H. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 UR - https://www.oerok.gv.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Bilder/2.Reiter-Raum_u._Region/1.OEREK/OEREK_2011/AGs/2._AG_II_Bevoelkerung/AGII_Orientierungspapier_2010_01_12_.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Wie Wien wächst: Monitoring aktueller Trends hinsichtlich Bevölkerungs- und Siedlungsentwicklung in der Stadtregion Wien AU - Eder, Jakob AU - Gruber, Elisabeth AU - Görgl, Peter AU - Hemetsberger, Markus T2 - Raumforschung und Raumordnung AB - Zusammenfassung Wie vergleichbare Stadtregionen in Europa ist auch Wien von einem starken Bevölkerungswachstum gekennzeichnet, das teilweise deutlich über den Prognosewerten der 2000er-Jahre liegt. Um die Bevölkerungs- und Siedlungsentwicklung genau beobachten und einordnen zu können, diskutiert der vorliegende Beitrag eine Methodik für ein Monitoring der Stadtregion Wien. Diese stützt sich auf die Analyse weniger, dafür aber zentraler und zeitnah verfügbarer Indikatoren: Bevölkerungsentwicklung, Geburten- und Wanderungsbilanz, Wanderungsströme und Baulandreserven auf kleinräumiger Ebene. Die Ergebnisse des Monitorings zeigen, dass das starke Wachstum der Stadtregion fast ausschließlich auf hohe Wanderungsgewinne aus dem restlichen Österreich und dem Ausland zurückzuführen ist. Diese stiegen in den letzten Jahren deutlich an und konzentrierten sich vor allem auf die Kernstadt. Während folglich eine zunehmende (Re-)Urbanisierung zu beobachten ist, stagniert die Suburbanisierung auf einem hohen Niveau. In der Stadtregion laufen also weiterhin diverse Phasen der Stadtentwicklung parallel ab, wobei manche an Bedeutung gewinnen und manche verlieren. Zusätzlich ist ein sparsamer Umgang mit den Baulandreserven und eine höhere Bebauungsdichte in Zukunft notwendig, um ausreichend Wohnraum für ein weiteres Bevölkerungswachstum in der Stadtregion zur Verfügung stellen zu können. Für zukünftige Monitoring-Projekte sollten erstens zunehmend kleinräumige, registerbasierte Daten für die Analyse von Stadtregionen eingesetzt werden. Zweitens können Szenarien zur zukünftigen Entwicklung der Stadtregion einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Veranschaulichung der Resultate leisten. Und drittens sollten die Ergebnisse zunehmend in einen internationalen Kontext (sowohl planerisch als auch wissenschaftlich) eingebettet werden. DA - 2018/08/31/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1007/s13147-018-0546-z DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 76 IS - 4 SP - 327 EP - 343 SN - 1869-4179 N1 -number: 4
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Arbeitspapier AG II "Umwelt-Klimawandel-Ressourcen" AU - Joanneum Research DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Österreichs E-Wirtschaft Wasserkraftpotentialstudie Österreich Aktualisierung 2018, Bericht 119000433 AU - Pöyry DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Energieautarkie für Österreich 2050 AU - Streicher, W. AU - Schnitzer, Hans AU - Tatzber, F. AU - Hausberger, S. AU - Haas, Reinhard AU - Kalt, G AU - Damm, A. AU - Steininger, K AU - Oblasser, S. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 M3 - Endbericht Klima-und Energiefonds UR - https://www.klimafonds.gv.at/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/Energieautarkie205012pt20110308Final.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - AUSTRIAN WIND ATLAS AND WIND POTENTIAL ANALYSIS AU - Krenn, A. AU - Winkelmeier, J. AU - Tiefengraber, C. AU - Cattin, R. AU - Müller, S. AU - Truhetz, H. AU - Biberacher, M. AU - Gadocha, S. CY - Wien DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing the economic wind power potential in Austria AU - Gass, Viktoria AU - Schmidt, Johannes AU - Strauss, Franziska AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Energy Policy AB - In the European Union, electricity production from wind energy is projected to increase by approximately 16% until 2020. The Austrian energy plan aims at increasing the currently installed wind power capacity from approximately 1GW to 3GW until 2020 including an additional capacity of 700MW until 2015. The aim of this analysis is to assess economically viable wind turbine sites under current feed-in tariffs considering constraints imposed by infrastructure, the natural environment and ecological preservation zones in Austria. We analyze whether the policy target of installing an additional wind power capacity of 700MW until 2015 is attainable under current legislation and developed a GIS based decision system for wind turbine site selection.Results show that the current feed-in tariff of 9.7 ct kWh−1 may trigger an additional installation of 3544MW. The current feed-in tariff can therefore be considered too high as wind power deployment would exceed the target by far. Our results indicate that the targets may be attained more cost-effectively by applying a lower feed-in tariff of 9.1 ct kWh−1. Thus, windfall profits at favorable sites and deadweight losses of policy intervention can be minimized while still guaranteeing the deployment of additional wind power capacities. DA - 2013/02/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.10.079 VL - 53 SP - 323 EP - 330 J2 - Energy Policy SN - 0301-4215 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Where the wind blows: Assessing the effect of fixed and premium based feed-in tariffs on the spatial diversification of wind turbines AU - Schmidt, J. AU - Lehecka, G. AU - Gass, V. AU - Schmid, E. T2 - Energy Economics AB - Feed-in tariffs (FIT) are among the most important policy instruments to promote renewable electricity production. The fixed-price FIT (FFIT), which guarantee a fixed price for every unit of produced electricity and the premium based FIT (PFIT), which pay a premium on top of the market price are commonly implemented in the EU. Costs for balancing intermittent electricity production may be significantly higher with FFIT than with PFIT, and FFIT do not provide any incentive to produce electricity when marginal production costs are high. In contrast, PFIT do provide strong incentives to better match renewable power output with marginal production costs in the system. The purpose of this article is to assess the effects of the two tariff schemes on the choice of wind turbine locations. In an analytical model, we show that both the covariance between wind power supply and demand as well as between the different wind power locations matter for investors in a PFIT scheme. High covariance with other intermittent producers causes a decrease in market prices and consequently in revenues for wind power investors. They are therefore incentivized to diversify the locations of wind turbines to decrease the covariance between different wind power production locations. In an empirical optimization model, we analyze the effects of these two different schemes in a policy experiment for Austria. The numerical results show that under a PFIT scheme, (1) spatial diversification is incentivized, (2) the covariance of wind power production with marginal electricity production costs increases, and (3) the variances of the wind power output and of residual load decrease if wind power deployment attains 10% of total national electricity consumption. DA - 2013/11/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.eneco.2013.07.004 VL - 40 SP - 269 EP - 276 J2 - Energy Economics SN - 0140-9883 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The potentials of a reverse auction in allocating subsidies for cost-effective roof-top photovoltaic system deployment AU - Mayr, Dieter AU - Schmidt, Johannes AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Energy Policy AB - Photovoltaic (PV) has developed to one of the most promising technologies for renewable electricity generation. The Austrian government currently provides subsidies for roof-top PV systems through a constant, administratively determined feed-in tariff or an investment co-funding. In both subsidy schemes, applications are approved on a first-come, first-served basis. There are concerns about (i) the selection of suitable roofs for PV systems, and (ii) allocating subsidies among applicants to deploy roof-top PV systems cost-effectively. Thus we analyze the potentials of a simple discriminative first-price reverse auction application scheme. Applicants define individually the required level of subsidy and those with the lowest request for subsidies are selected. In an ex-post analysis, we evaluate the potentials of such a scheme in increasing power output and saving public spending for the federal state of Vorarlberg in Austria. Results indicate a potential increase of cumulated produced electricity between 15% and 18% in comparison to the current policy. In addition, a reverse auction-based system would lead to savings of public spending per kWh between 20% and 41%. DA - 2014/06/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.01.029 VL - 69 SP - 555 EP - 565 J2 - Energy Policy SN - 0301-4215 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Spatially Highly Resolved Ground Mounted and Rooftop Potential Analysis for Photovoltaics in Austria AU - Mikovits, Christian AU - Schauppenlehner, Thomas AU - Scherhaufer, Patrick AU - Schmidt, Johannes AU - Schmalzl, Lilia AU - Dworzak, Veronika AU - Hampl, Nina AU - Sposato, Robert G. T2 - ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information AB - Austria aims to meet 100% of its electricity demand from domestic renewable sources by 2030 which means, that an additional 27 TWh/a of renewable electricity generation are required, thereof 11 TWh/a from photovoltaic. While some federal states and municipalities released a solar rooftop cadastre, there is lacking knowledge on the estimation of the potential of both, ground mounted installations and rooftop modules, on a national level with a high spatial resolution. As a first, in this work data on agricultural land-use is combined with highly resolved data on buildings on a national level. Our results show significant differences between urban and rural areas, as well as between the Alpine regions and the Prealpine- and Easter Plain areas. Rooftop potential concentrates in the big urban areas, but also in densely populated areas in Lower- and Upper Austria, Styria and the Rhine valley of Vorarlberg. The ground mounted photovoltaic potential is highest in Eastern Austria. This potential is geographically consistent with the demand and allows for a production close to the consumer. In theory, the goal of meeting 11 TWh/a in 2030 can be achieved solely with the rooftop PV potential. However, considering the necessary installation efforts, the associated costs of small and dispersed production units and finally the inherent uncertainty with respect to the willingness of tens of thousands of individual households to install PV systems, installing the necessary solar PV on buildings alone is constrained. DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 DO - 10.3390/ijgi10060418 VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 2220-9964 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Österreich Klimaneutral, Potenziale, Beitrag und Optionen zur Klimaneutralität mit erneuerbaren Energien, Eine Studie von Erneuerbare Energie Österreich AU - VEE CY - Wien DA - 2022/// PY - 2022 PB - Verein Erneuerbare Energie Österreich ER - TY - JOUR TI - Change from agricultural to touristic use: Effects on the aesthetic value of landscapes over the last 150 years AU - Schirpke, Uta AU - Altzinger, Andreas AU - Leitinger, Georg AU - Tasser, Erich T2 - Landscape and Urban Planning DA - 2019/07// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.03.004 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 187 SP - 23 EP - 35 J2 - Landscape and Urban Planning LA - en SN - 01692046 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Kapitel 6: Der Einfluss des Klimawandels auf die Anthroposphäre AU - König, M. AU - Loibl, W. AU - Steiger, H. AU - Aspöck, B. AU - Bednar-Friedl, Birgit AU - Brunner, Karl-Michael AU - Haas, W. AU - Höferl, K.-M. AU - Hüttenlau, M. AU - Walochnik, J. AU - Weisz, U. T2 - APCC Österreichische Sachstandsbericht 2014 A2 - APCC CY - Wien DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 SP - 641 EP - 704 PB - ÖSW ER - TY - ELEC TI - Bevölkerungsentwicklung AU - Statistik Austria T2 - StatCube DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 UR - https://statcube.at/statistik.at/ext/statcube/jsf/tableView/tableView.xhtml#Statistik Austria ER - TY - JOUR TI - Flood risk, climate change and settlement development: a micro-scale assessment of Austrian municipalities AU - Löschner, Lukas AU - Herrnegger, Mathew AU - Apperl, Benjamin AU - Senoner, Tobias AU - Seher, Walter AU - Nachtnebel, Hans Peter T2 - Regional Environmental Change DA - 2017/02// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1007/s10113-016-1009-0 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 17 IS - 2 SP - 311 EP - 322 J2 - Reg Environ Change LA - en SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Natural Hazard Management from a Coevolutionary Perspective: Exposure and Policy Response in the European Alps AU - Fuchs, Sven AU - Röthlisberger, Veronika AU - Thaler, Thomas AU - Zischg, Andreas AU - Keiler, Margreth T2 - Annals of the American Association of Geographers DA - 2017/03/04/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1080/24694452.2016.1235494 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 107 IS - 2 SP - 382 EP - 392 J2 - Annals of the American Association of Geographers LA - en SN - 2469-4452, 2469-4460 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A spatiotemporal multi-hazard exposure assessment based on property data AU - Fuchs, S. AU - Keiler, M. AU - Zischg, A. T2 - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences AB -Abstract. The paper presents a nation-wide spatially explicit object-based assessment of buildings and citizens exposed to natural hazards in Austria, including river flooding, torrential flooding, and snow avalanches. The assessment was based on two different data sets, (a) hazard information providing input to the exposure of elements at risk, and (b) information on the building stock combined from different spatial data available on the national level. Hazard information was compiled from two different sources. For torrential flooding and snow avalanches available local-scale hazard maps were used, and for river flooding the results of the countrywide flood modelling eHORA were available. Information on the building stock contained information on the location and size of each building, as well as on the building category and the construction period. Additional information related to the individual floors, such as their height and net area, main purpose and configuration, was included for each property. Moreover, this data set has an interface to the population register and allowed, therefore, for retrieving the number of primary residents for each building. With the exception of sacral buildings, an economic module was used to compute the monetary value of buildings using (a) the information of the building register such as building type, number of storeys and utilisation, and (b) regionally averaged construction costs.
It is shown that the repeatedly stated assumption of increasing exposure due to continued population growth and related increase in assets has to be carefully evaluated by the local development of building stock. While some regions have shown a clearly above-average increase in assets, other regions were characterised by a below-average development. This mirrors the topography of the country, but also the different economic activities. While hotels and hostels are extraordinarily prone to torrential flooding, commercial buildings as well as buildings used for recreational purposes are considerably exposed to river flooding. Residential buildings have shown an average exposure, compared to the number of buildings of this type in the overall building stock. In sum, around 5 % of all buildings are exposed to torrential flooding, and around 9 % to river flooding, with around 1 % of the buildings stock being multi-exposed. The temporal assessment of exposure has shown considerable differences in the dynamics of exposure to different hazard categories in comparison to the overall property stock. In conclusion, the presented object-based assessment is an important and suitable tool for nation-wide exposure assessment and may be used in operational risk management.
publisher: Copernicus GmbH
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Österreichische Raumordnungskonferenz Wien 2015 - Analysen und Berichte zur räumlichen EntwicklungÖsterreichs 2012–2014 AU - ÖROK AB - Schriftenreihe Nr. 195 DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 LA - Deutsch UR - https://www.oerok-atlas.at/documents/rob14_kapitel_1.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Multilokale Lebensführung und räumliche Entwicklungen. AU - Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung CY - Hannnover DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 PB - Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung = Positionspapier aus der ARL 104 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Temporäre An- und Abwesenheiten in ländlichen Räumen. Auswirkungen multilokaler Lebensweisen auf Land und Gesellschaft AU - Othengrafen, Frank AU - Lange, Linda AU - Greinke, Lena (Hrsg.) CY - Wiesbaden DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 PB - Springer VS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Soziale Infrastrukturen und Multilokalität. AU - Fischer, Tatjana T2 - Multilokale Lebensführungen und räumliche Entwicklungen – ein Kompendium. Forschungsberichte der ARL 13 CY - Hannover DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 SP - 140 EP - 146 PB - ARL – Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft ER - TY - CHAP TI - Multilokalität in Österreich: Regionale und soziodemographische Struktur der Bevölkerung mit mehreren Wohnsitzen AU - Wisbauer, A AU - Kausl, A AU - Marik-Lebeck, A AU - Venningen-Fröhlich, H T2 - Mobil und doppelt sesshaft. Studien zur residenziellen Multilokalität CY - Wien DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 VL - 18 SP - 83 EP - 120 PB - Abhandlungen zur Geographie und Regionalforschung ER - TY - CHAP TI - Verkehr: Bedeutung von Verkehrsangeboten für Multilokalität AU - Scheiner, Joachim T2 - Multilokale Lebensführungen und räumliche Entwicklungen: ein Kompendium CY - Hannover DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 SP - 154 EP - 159 PB - ARL - Akademie für Raumentwicklung in der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft ER - TY - JOUR TI - A review on Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis using bibliometric and meta-analysis AU - Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu AU - Strezov, Vladimir T2 - Science of The Total Environment AB - The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis dates back in decades and is still topical presently due to its importance in environmental policy formulation. There are several systematic reviews of the EKC hypothesis using traditional review method. However, this review employs bibliometric and meta-analysis to track historical trends on the theme using the VOSviewer software and meta-analytic methods. The review translates the network analysis into visualized forms based on authors' contribution, the impact of the research by countries, citations count, and text corpus modeling using a network data extracted from Web of Science. The meta-analysis reveals that the collection of studies that validate the inversed-U shaped relationship has an average of US$8910 as the turning point of annual income level. Low income and middle-income countries are found below the thresholds of annual income level while high-income countries are above. Heterogeneity is confirmed among turning point in studies on EKC hypothesis due to differences in the period of study and econometric methods used in model estimation. The empirical findings reveal that most of the studies on EKC hypothesis are based on atmospheric indicators, while literature is sporadic and limited on EKC hypothesis which employs land indicators, oceans, seas, coasts and biodiversity indicators, and freshwater indicators. DA - 2019/02/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.276 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 649 SP - 128 EP - 145 J2 - Science of The Total Environment LA - en SN - 0048-9697 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A global empirical re-assessment of the Environmental Kuznets curve for deforestation AU - Caravaggio, Nicola T2 - Forest Policy and Economics AB - This paper investigates an unresolved question in environmental economics: An Environmental Kuznets Curve for deforestation (EKCd). It relies on a 55 year panel of forest cover data reconstructed from the periodic national forest inventories of 114 countries clustered in low, middle, and high income groups—as defined by the World Bank—and examines these clusters within both static and dynamic frameworks. The results are supportive of the inverse U-shaped EKC for deforestation. For low income countries strong effort will be required to avoid further increases in forest loss as these countries develop. Middle income countries, the largest cluster under investigation, display the classic bell-shaped EKCd with the turning point for a decreasing rate of deforestation at US$ 3,790. Deforestation continues thereafter, only at a lower rate until, eventually, for high income countries these rates become negative and these economies begin to show absolute gains in total forest cover. While the combined results from the three clusters confirm the existence of an EKCd, its relatively elevated turning point and the even higher level of development at which forests begin to increase and recover, raise important concern, but also opportunity, for the modern policies and management addressing global forest cover—doubts and opportunities on which the conclusion to this paper reflects further. DA - 2020/10/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102282 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 119 SP - 102282 J2 - Forest Policy and Economics LA - en SN - 1389-9341 ER - TY - JOUR TI - EKC and the income elasticity hypothesis Land for housing or land for future? AU - Bimonte, Salvatore AU - Stabile, A. T2 - Ecological Indicators AB - This paper investigates the relationships between land consumption and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) for a panel of 20 Italian regions over the period 1980–2010. As proxy of land consumption, it uses the supply of new housing, being residential construction the main cause of soil sealing. To test this hypothesis it runs a panel data regression model. In the considered period, results show the existence of an inverted EKC whereas, on a longer period, a N-shaped curve may be inferred. Contrary to the EKC hypothesis, both fixed effect and random effect model estimates show that higher income does not induce greater environmental awareness or, in different words, that the income elasticity hypothesis holds for housing demand rather (or more) than for environment. According to these results, considering the specificity of the resource under consideration, the paper claims for a shift from market to public policy. A tighter urban planning and a higher “environmental” property taxation could be efficient strategies to combat land consumption. DA - 2017/02/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.10.039 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 73 SP - 800 EP - 808 J2 - Ecological Indicators LA - en SN - 1470-160X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Land consumption and income in Italy: a case of inverted EKC AU - Bimonte, Salvatore AU - Stabile, A. T2 - Ecological Economics AB - The EKC hypothesis postulates that the relationship between economic growth and environmental deterioration is represented by an inverted U-shaped function. Its validity has been questioned from several perspectives and a need for public policies has been expressed. This paper uses a heuristic approach to analyze the relationship between per capita income and land consumption, as proxied by the number of Building Permits issued by public authorities. Using data from the Italian regions, we run a panel data regression model to test whether the EKC hypothesis holds. Results confute it, evidencing a U-shaped relationship. In the authors' opinion, the combined effect of market conditions, lifestyle evolution and institutional and political factors have produced an adverse effect on environment. On this basis, the paper claims that, when social and intergenerational aspects are involved, a balanced mix of market, policies and institutional architecture is needed. DA - 2017/01/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.08.016 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 131 SP - 36 EP - 43 J2 - Ecological Economics LA - en SN - 0921-8009 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Land consumption and income in Ecuador: A case of an inverted environmental Kuznets curve AU - Pontarollo, Nicola AU - Mendieta Muñoz, Rodrigo T2 - Ecological Indicators AB - The ratio of building permits to population is a key indicator to evaluate land consumption. However, few researchers focus on land consumption and its environmental spillovers, for developing countries. The aim of our study, using a Bayesian comparison approach applied to a spatial panel, is to analyse the existence of an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between land consumption and economic development, namely the environmental Kuznets curve, with data that ranges from 2007 to 2015 for 221 cantons in Ecuador. The Bayesian comparison approach allows us to identify: i) the spatial weight matrix that best fits the data, and ii) the best spatial model according to the type of spatial spillovers (local or global). These are both of extreme interest because a knowledge of the extent to which the spatial spillovers spread over space, and their functional form, supports the planning of effective land use policies. The results do not support the inverted U-shaped hypothesis of the Kuznets curve. By contrast, the curvature is convex, which means higher levels of land consumption for higher levels of wealth. Spatial spillovers spread to a limited extent, highlighting an imitation game among agents, both institutions and private agents, in the neighbour locations. Policy implications go from the strengthening of the institutional framework and local tax management, to the urban regeneration to limit real estate speculation. All these interventions should be coordinated among neighbours to avoid freeriding behaviours. DA - 2020/01/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105699 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 108 SP - 105699 J2 - Ecological Indicators LA - en SN - 1470-160X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis on land use: The case of Romania AU - Pontarollo, Nicola AU - Serpieri, Carolina T2 - Land Use Policy AB - The aim of the present study is to test empirically the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for 42 Romanian counties over the 2000-2014 period. Specifically, we investigate the existence of an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between residential built-up land and economic development in a low-income EU country undergoing rapid and profound transition. We do so by making innovative use of spatial panel econometric techniques. Contrary to our expectations, the results indicate an inverted EKC, implying that higher levels of residential built-up area occur for higher levels of wealth. Moreover, we find that the built-up land in Romania mainly reflects processes of urban expansion, such as sprawl or suburbanization, that may have harmful environmental and social consequences. Spatial spill-overs in terms of built-up land arise and spread, albeit to a limited extent, to neighbouring locations. These findings are of potential significance for policy makers, because they highlight the need for coordination among neighbours. Furthermore, strengthening the institutional framework and local tax management, and planning urban regeneration better could curb and even reverse the extensive built-up land expansion and real estate speculation. DA - 2020/09/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104695 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 97 SP - 104695 J2 - Land Use Policy LA - en SN - 0264-8377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - What drives land take and urban land expansion? A systematic review AU - Colsaet, Alice AU - Laurans, Yann AU - Levrel, Harold T2 - Land Use Policy AB - Land take is the transformation of agricultural, natural and semi-natural spaces into urban and other artificial uses. It is closely linked to urban sprawl (low-density or dispersed urban development). Land take is a major environmental challenge, especially for biodiversity conservation, as it destroys and fragments natural habitats. In order to assess how the scientific literature dedicated to this topic adresses the determinants of land take, we analyzed 193 scientific articles retrieved through a systematic methodology. We summarized the causal relationships identified between land take and different explanatory factors. Among them, population and income growth, as well as the development of transport infrastructure and automobile use, are widely studied drivers that are most often found to increase land take. Political and institutional factors are extensively mentionned in the literature, suggesting that urban sprawl is not a mere result of “market forces” but is also shaped though public policies. Weak or unadequate planning, subsidies for land consumption and automobile transportation are said to increase urban sprawl, while infrastructure pricing and subsidies for urban renewal would have the opposite effect. The institutional setting, especially administrative fragmentation, reliance on local taxes, and competition between local jurisdictions, is suspected to be a major determinant of land take. The effect of many factors however remains relatively undocumented or controversial in the reviewed literature, including widely used policy instruments. DA - 2018/12/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.08.017 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 79 SP - 339 EP - 349 J2 - Land Use Policy LA - en SN - 0264-8377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determinants of CO2 emissions in a small open economy AU - Friedl, Birgit AU - Getzner, Michael T2 - Ecological Economics AB - The aim of the paper is to explore the relationship between economic development and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for a small open and industrialized country, Austria. We test whether an Environmental Kuznets Curve relationship also holds for a single country rather than concentrating on panel or cross-section data for a set of countries. A cubic (i.e. N-shaped) relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions is found to fit the data most appropriately for the period 1960–1999, and a structural break is identified in the mid-seventies due to the oil price shock. Furthermore, two variables are additionally significant: import shares reflecting the well-known pollution haven hypothesis, and the share of the tertiary (service) sector of total production (GDP) accounting for structural changes in the economy. Emission projections derived from this single country specification support the widely held opinion that significant policy changes are asked for when implementing the Kyoto Protocol in order to bring about a downturn in future carbon emissions. DA - 2003/04/01/ PY - 2003 DO - 10.1016/S0921-8009(03)00008-9 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 133 EP - 148 J2 - Ecological Economics LA - en SN - 0921-8009 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determinants of (de-) materialization of an industrialized small open economy" AU - Getzner, M. T2 - International Journal of Ecological Economics and Statistics DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - Google Scholar VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development and Dematerialization: An International Study AU - Steinberger, Julia K. AU - Krausmann, Fridolin AU - Getzner, Michael AU - Schandl, Heinz AU - West, Jim T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Economic development and growth depend on growing levels of resource use, and result in environmental impacts from large scale resource extraction and emissions of waste. In this study, we examine the resource dependency of economic activities over the past several decades for a set of countries comprising developing, emerging and mature industrialized economies. Rather than a single universal industrial development pathway, we find a diversity of economic dependencies on material use, made evident through cluster analysis. We conduct tests for relative and absolute decoupling of the economy from material use, and compare these with similar tests for decoupling from carbon emissions, both for single countries and country groupings using panel analysis. We show that, over the longer term, emerging and developing countries tend to have significantly larger material-economic coupling than mature industrialized economies (although this effect may be enhanced by trade patterns), but that the contrary is true for short-term coupling. Moreover, we demonstrate that absolute dematerialization limits economic growth rates, while the successful industrialization of developing countries inevitably requires a strong material component. Alternative development priorities are thus urgently needed both for mature and emerging economies: reducing absolute consumption levels for the former, and avoiding the trap of resource-intensive economic and human development for the latter. DA - 2013/10/21/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0070385 DP - PLoS Journals VL - 8 IS - 10 SP - e70385 J2 - PLOS ONE LA - en SN - 1932-6203 N1 -number: 10
publisher: Public Library of Science
ISBN: 0965-4313
publisher: Taylor & Francis
DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.08.005
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Short-term effects of recent land-use changes in Eastern Austria on farmland bird assemblages in a human-dominated landscape AU - Lukasch, Barbara AU - Frank, Thomas AU - Schulze, Christian H. T2 - Biodiversity and Conservation DA - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1007/s10531-011-0030-3 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 1339 EP - 1352 J2 - Biodivers Conserv LA - en SN - 0960-3115, 1572-9710 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biodiversity in cultural landscapes: influence of land use intensity on bird assemblages AU - Rüdisser, Johannes AU - Walde, Janette AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Frühauf, Johannes AU - Teufelbauer, Norbert AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Landscape Ecology DA - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1007/s10980-015-0215-3 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 30 IS - 10 SP - 1851 EP - 1863 J2 - Landscape Ecol LA - en SN - 0921-2973, 1572-9761 N1 -number: 10
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surrogate taxa for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes of eastern Austria AU - Sauberer, Norbert AU - Zulka, Klaus Peter AU - Abensperg-Traun, Max AU - Berg, Hans-Martin AU - Bieringer, Georg AU - Milasowszky, Norbert AU - Moser, Dietmar AU - Plutzar, Christoph AU - Pollheimer, Martin AU - Storch, Christiane AU - Tröstl, Renate AU - Zechmeister, Harald AU - Grabherr, Georg T2 - Biological Conservation DA - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00291-X DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 117 IS - 2 SP - 181 EP - 190 J2 - Biological Conservation LA - en SN - 00063207 ER - TY - JOUR TI - How farming styles influence biodiversity maintenance in Austrian agricultural landscapes AU - Schmitzberger, I. AU - Wrbka, Th. AU - Steurer, B. AU - Aschenbrenner, G. AU - Peterseil, J. AU - Zechmeister, H.G. T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AB - Austria is characterised by a high variety of different landscapes ranging from high mountain areas to continental lowlands. Wilderness areas as well as traditionally maintained agricultural landscapes contribute to Austria’s biodiversity. Farming still is the main activity in rural areas, but it is now largely dependent on agro-environmental subsidies. We investigated the relationship between biodiversity and farming activities in selected Austrian agricultural landscapes. The negative effect of high land-use intensity on biodiversity on agricultural land could be confirmed. The concept of farming styles, which integrates human attitudes, farming objectives and economic success can be used to show the different ecological performances of farmers. A close link between mentality of farmers, land-use intensity and biodiversity could be established. Farmers who were highly production oriented supported the lowest nature values on their land, whereas both traditionally oriented and innovative farm businesses carried a higher potential to farm in concordance with the biodiversity of their landscape. The farming styles also differed in their dependency on subsidies. We conclude that agro-environmental subsidies, which are the main factor ensuring sustainable farming in less favoured areas in Austria, would have a far better effect if they were tailored to the individual needs of different regions and predominant farming styles. DA - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2005.02.009 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 108 IS - 3 SP - 274 EP - 290 J2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment LA - en SN - 01678809 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of land-use and land-cover pattern on landscape-scale biodiversity in the European Alps AU - Zimmermann, Patrick AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Leitinger, Georg AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment DA - 2010/10/15/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2010.06.010 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 139 IS - 1-2 SP - 13 EP - 22 J2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment LA - en SN - 01678809 N1 -number: 1-2
ER - TY - CHAP TI - Biodiversität in Österreich – ihre Erfassung und der Einfluss der Landnutzung AU - Rüdisser, Johannes AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Angewandte Geoinformatik 2012 A2 - Strobl, J. A2 - Blaschke, Thomas A2 - Griesebner, G. A2 - Strobl, J. A2 - Blaschke, Thomas A2 - Griesebner, G. T3 - 24 CY - Berlin/Offenbach DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 SP - 786 EP - 794 SN - ISBN 978-3-87907-520-1 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Future of Mountain Agriculture in the Alps AU - Flury, Christian AU - Huber, Robert AU - Tasser, Erich T2 - The Future of Mountain Agriculture A2 - Mann, Stefan A2 - Mann, Stefan CY - Berlin, Heidelberg DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) SP - 105 EP - 126 LA - en SN - 978-3-642-33583-9 UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-33584-6_8 Y2 - 2020/07/01/ N1 -DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33584-6_8
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Plant diversity declines with recent land use changes in European Alps AU - Niedrist, Georg AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Lüth, Christian AU - Dalla Via, Josef AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Plant Ecology AB - Against a background of increasing land use intensification on favorable agricultural areas and land abandonment on less arable areas in the Alps, the aim of this investigation was to detect whether and how 10 differently used types of grassland can be distinguished by site factors, plant species composition, and biodiversity. By using a very large number of vegetation surveys (936) that were widely distributed in the Central Alps, site parameters and species composition of the different land use types were compared by discriminant analyses and various biodiversity indices. Results showed that land use is a significant factor affecting the development of different grassland communities with site factors playing a subordinate, yet important role. The 10 land use types studied can be clearly differentiated from one another by single species as well as by species composition. Our study found that the number of plant communities along with the number of species decreases constantly and significantly with increasing land use intensity and on abandoned land. For example, on average, extensively used meadows have more than three times as many species as intensively used meadows. Further, the most even distribution of species (Evenness index) is reached in intensively used meadows, whereas on pastures and abandoned land, some species become dominant forcing other species to recede. The results confirm that due to current trends in agriculture, such as land abandonment and land use intensification, plant diversity in the Alps is decreasing considerably. DA - 2008/08/31/ PY - 2008 DO - 10.1007/s11258-008-9487-x DP - Springer Link VL - 202 IS - 2 SP - 195 J2 - Plant Ecol LA - en SN - 1573-5052 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Modelling vegetation patterns using natural and anthropogenic influence factors: preliminary experience with a GIS based model applied to an Alpine area AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Tappeiner, Gottfried T2 - Ecological Modelling DA - 1998/11// PY - 1998 DO - 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00145-8 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 113 IS - 1-3 SP - 225 EP - 237 J2 - Ecological Modelling LA - en SN - 03043800 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of land use changes on mountain vegetation AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Applied Vegetation Science DA - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DO - 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2002.tb00547.x DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 173 EP - 184 J2 - Applied Vegetation Science LA - en SN - 1402-2001, 1654-109X ER - TY - JOUR TI - The resilience and vulnerability of remote mountain communities: The case of Vent, Austrian Alps AU - Wilson, Geoff A. AU - Schermer, Markus AU - Stotten, Rike T2 - Land Use Policy DA - 2018/02// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.12.022 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 71 SP - 372 EP - 383 J2 - Land Use Policy LA - en SN - 02648377 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Agrotourismus. Eine Untersuchung zum Einfluss der bäuerlichen Gästebeherbergung auf die landwirtschaftlichen Strukturen im Ötztal AU - Stotten, Rike AU - Maurer, Michaela AU - Schermer, Markus CY - Innsbruck DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - Universität Innsbruck ER - TY - JOUR TI - Different Forms of Accommodation in Agritourism: The Role of Decoupled Farmer-Based Accommodation in the Ötztal Valley (Austria) AU - Stotten, Rike AU - Maurer, Michaela AU - Herrmann, Hannes AU - Schermer, Markus T2 - Sustainability AB - The general decline of mountain farming all over Europe suggests encouraging farmers to adapt their farm management and to diversify their activities into tourism. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impact of different types of farmer-based provision of accommodation on the preservation of the farm and the identification of farmers with farming activities. For our investigation in the case study area of Ötztal valley, Tyrol, Austria, we applied a mixed method approach. First, we developed a heuristic concept for categorizing the types of farms that offer farmer-based accommodation. The term ‘farmer-based’ refers to entities who are active in accommodation services and farming. We collected quantitative data in an online survey and carried out a qualitative focus group. Results reveal the importance of farmer-based accommodation even if decoupled from farm activities within the case study area. This type also supports, next to the ‘authentic’ form of farm-based tourism, the existing agricultural structure and contributes to the positive impact of mountain farming such as for the maintenance of multifunctional cultural landscapes, the provision of ecosystem services, and the viability of rural communities. Therefore, we suggest considering decoupled forms of farmer-based accommodation as agritourism. DA - 2019/05/18/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.3390/su11102841 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 11 IS - 10 SP - 2841 J2 - Sustainability LA - en SN - 2071-1050 N1 -number: 10
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geographical heterogeneity in mountain grasslands dynamics in the Austrian-Italian Tyrol region AU - Hinojosa, Leonith AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Rüdisser, Johannes AU - Leitinger, Georg AU - Schermer, Markus AU - Lambin, Eric F. AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Applied Geography DA - 2019/05// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.03.006 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 106 SP - 50 EP - 59 J2 - Applied Geography LA - en SN - 01436228 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Spatio-temporal changes in ecosystem service values: Effects of land-use changes from past to future (1860–2100) AU - Schirpke, Uta AU - Tscholl, Simon AU - Tasser, Erich T2 - Journal of Environmental Management DA - 2020/10// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111068 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 272 SP - 111068 J2 - Journal of Environmental Management LA - en SN - 03014797 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Linking long-term landscape dynamics to the multiple interactions among ecosystem services in the European Alps AU - Egarter Vigl, Lukas AU - Schirpke, Uta AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Landscape Ecology DA - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1007/s10980-016-0389-3 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 31 IS - 9 SP - 1903 EP - 1918 J2 - Landscape Ecol LA - en SN - 0921-2973, 1572-9761 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Future impacts of changing land-use and climate on ecosystem services of mountain grassland and their resilience AU - Schirpke, Uta AU - Kohler, Marina AU - Leitinger, Georg AU - Fontana, Veronika AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Ecosystem Services DA - 2017/08// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.06.008 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 26 SP - 79 EP - 94 J2 - Ecosystem Services LA - en SN - 22120416 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cultural ecosystem services of mountain regions: Modelling the aesthetic value AU - Schirpke, Uta AU - Timmermann, Florian AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike AU - Tasser, Erich T2 - Ecological Indicators DA - 2016/10// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.04.001 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 69 SP - 78 EP - 90 J2 - Ecological Indicators LA - en SN - 1470160X ER - TY - RPRT TI - Dokumentation zum Reporting der Indikatoren „Non Wood Products“ und „Forest Services“ AU - Huber, Patrick AU - Gindra-Vady, Lisa AU - Pousek, Christina AU - Wolfslehner, Bernhard AU - Vacik, Harald CY - Wien DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing trade-offs between carbon sequestration and timber production within a framework of multi-purpose forestry in Austria AU - Seidl, Rupert AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Jäger, Dietmar AU - Currie, William S. AU - Lexer, Manfred J. T2 - Forest Ecology and Management T3 - Meeting the challenges of process-oriented management. AB - Numerous studies have analyzed the carbon sequestration potential of forests and forest management. However, most studies either focused on national and supra-national scales or on the project level in the context of the flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol. Few studies are available which analyze the effects of alternative silvicultural strategies on carbon sequestration, timber production and other forest services and functions at the operational level of the forest management unit (FMU). The present study investigates effects of three alternative management strategies for secondary Norway spruce forests (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) (Norway spruce age class forestry; continuous cover forestry; conversion to mixed broadleaved forests) and an unmanaged control variant on C sequestration in situ, in wood products and through bioenergy production at the level of a private FMU in Austria, and analyses the interrelationships with timber production and key indicators of biodiversity. The hybrid patch model PICUS v1.4 and a wood products model are employed to simulate forest ecosystem development, timber production, carbon storage in the forest and in wood product pools. Results show that in situ C sequestration is sensitive to forest management with the highest amount of carbon stored in the unmanaged strategy, followed by the continuous cover regime. All three management strategies store substantial quantities of C in the wood products pool. Considering alternative biomass utilization focused on bioenergy production, substantial C offsets could be generated from potential substitution of fossil fuels. Opportunity cost estimates for C sequestration reveal that C sequestration through forest management can be a cost efficient way to reduce atmospheric CO2, but the achievable quantities are limited due to biological limitations and societal constraints. The study emphasizes the importance of developing sustainable forest management strategies that serve the multiple demands on forests in the future. DA - 2007/08/30/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.035 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 248 IS - 1 SP - 64 EP - 79 J2 - Forest Ecology and Management LA - en SN - 0378-1127 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Wald in Schutzgebieten. Kategorisierung von Waldflächen in Österreich anhand derKriterien der Ministerkonferenz zum Schutz der Wälder in Europa (MCPFE) AU - Umweltbundesamt CY - Wien DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 PB - Umweltbundesamt GmbH SN - M-165 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Energieholzplantagen AU - Weitz, Michael AU - Klippel, Christian AU - Peschel, Tobias DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 UR - https://www.lignovis.com/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/Energieholzplantagen_Lignovis_Broschuere_06_2013.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Verbesserung der Erfassung der Schutzwaldkulisse für die forstliche Raumplanung. Methodik -Prozessmodellierung Lawine für die Kartierung von Wald mit Lawinen-Objektschutzfunktion AU - Perzl, Frank AU - Huber, Andreas AU - Fromm, Reinhard CY - Wien DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 M3 - Technischer Bericht ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate Change and Forest DisturbancesClimate change can affect forests by altering the frequency, intensity, duration, and timing of fire, drought, introduced species, insect and pathogen outbreaks, hurricanes, windstorms, ice storms, or landslides AU - Dale, Virginia H. AU - Joyce, Linda A. AU - McNulty, Steve AU - Neilson, Ronald P. AU - Ayres, Matthew P. AU - Flannigan, Michael D. AU - Hanson, Paul J. AU - Irland, Lloyd C. AU - Lugo, Ariel E. AU - Peterson, Chris J. AU - Simberloff, Daniel AU - Swanson, Frederick J. AU - Stocks, Brian J. AU - Wotton, B. Michael T2 - BioScience AB - Studies of the effects of climate change on forests have focused on the ability of species to tolerate temperature and moisture changes and to disperse, but the DA - 2001/09/01/ PY - 2001 DO - 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0723:CCAFD]2.0.CO;2 DP - academic.oup.com VL - 51 IS - 9 SP - 723 EP - 734 J2 - BioScience LA - en SN - 0006-3568 N1 -publisher: Oxford Academic
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Österreichs Schutzwälder sind total überaltert AU - Niese, Gerhard T2 - BFW-Praxisinformation DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 VL - 24 SP - 29 EP - 31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effects of forest cover and disturbance on torrential hazards: large-scale evidence from the Eastern Alps AU - Sebald, Julius AU - Senf, Cornelius AU - Heiser, Micha AU - Scheidl, Christian AU - Pflugmacher, Dirk AU - Seidl, Rupert T2 - Environmental Research Letters DA - 2019/11/08/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/ab4937 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 14 IS - 11 SP - 114032 J2 - Environ. Res. Lett. SN - 1748-9326 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The influence of climate change and canopy disturbances on landslide susceptibility in headwater catchments AU - Scheidl, Christian AU - Heiser, Micha AU - Kamper, Sebastian AU - Thaler, Thomas AU - Klebinder, Klaus AU - Nagl, Fabian AU - Lechner, Veronika AU - Markart, Gerhard AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Seidl, Rupert T2 - Science of The Total Environment AB - Forests have an important regulating function on water runoff and the occurrence of shallow landslides. Their structure and composition directly influence the risk of hydrogeomorphic processes, like floods with high sediment transport or debris flows. Climate change is substantially altering forest ecosystems, and for Central Europe an increase in natural disturbances from wind and insect outbreaks is expected for the future. How such changes impact the regulating function of forest ecosystems remains unclear. By combining methods from forestry, hydrology and geotechnical engineering we investigated possible effects of changing climate and disturbance regimes on shallow landslides. We simulated forest landscapes in two headwater catchments in the Eastern Alps of Austria under four different future climate scenarios over 200 years. Our results indicate that climate-mediated changes in forest dynamics can substantially alter the protective function of forest ecosystems. Climate change generally increased landslide risk in our simulations. Only when future warming coincided with drying landslide risk decreased relative to historic conditions. In depth analyses showed that an important driver of future landslide risk was the simulated vegetation composition. Trajectories away from flat rooting Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests currently dominating the system towards an increasing proportion of tree species with heart and taproot systems, increased root cohesion and reduced the soil volume mobilized in landslides. Natural disturbances generally reduced landslide risk in our simulations, with the positive effect of accelerated tree species change and increasing root cohesion outweighing a potential negative effect of disturbances on the water cycle. We conclude that while the efficacy of green infrastructure such as protective forests could be substantially reduced by climate change, such systems also have a strong inherent ability to adapt to changing conditions. Forest management should foster this adaptive capacity to strengthen the protective function of forests also under changing environmental conditions. DA - 2020/11/10/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140588 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 742 SP - 140588 J2 - Science of The Total Environment LA - en SN - 0048-9697 N1 -tex.ids= Scheidl2020
tex.copyright: All rights reserved
Abstract. Snow interception by the forest canopy controls the spatial heterogeneity of subcanopy snow accumulation leading to significant differences between forested and nonforested areas at a variety of scales. Snow intercepted by the forest canopy can also drastically change the surface albedo. As such, accurately modeling snow interception is of importance for various model applications such as hydrological, weather, and climate predictions. Due to difficulties in the direct measurements of snow interception, previous empirical snow interception models were developed at just the point scale. The lack of spatially extensive data sets has hindered the validation of snow interception models in different snow climates, forest types, and at various spatial scales and has reduced the accurate representation of snow interception in coarse-scale models. We present two novel empirical models for the spatial mean and one for the standard deviation of snow interception derived from an extensive snow interception data set collected in an evergreen coniferous forest in the Swiss Alps. Besides open-site snowfall, subgrid model input parameters include the standard deviation of the DSM (digital surface model) and/or the sky view factor, both of which can be easily precomputed. Validation of both models was performed with snow interception data sets acquired in geographically different locations under disparate weather conditions. Snow interception data sets from the Rocky Mountains, US, and the French Alps compared well to the modeled snow interception with a normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) for the spatial mean of ≤10 % for both models and NRMSE of the standard deviation of ≤13 %. Compared to a previous model for the spatial mean interception of snow water equivalent, the presented models show improved model performances. Our results indicate that the proposed snow interception models can be applied in coarse land surface model grid cells provided that a sufficiently fine-scale DSM is available to derive subgrid forest parameters.
DA - 2020/05/15/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.5194/hess-24-2545-2020 DP - hess.copernicus.org VL - 24 IS - 5 SP - 2545 EP - 2560 LA - English SN - 1027-5606 N1 -publisher: Copernicus GmbH
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Effects of bark beetle attacks on forest snowpack and avalanche formation – Implications for protection forest management AU - Teich, Michaela AU - Giunta, Andrew D. AU - Hagenmuller, Pascal AU - Bebi, Peter AU - Schneebeli, Martin AU - Jenkins, Michael J. T2 - Forest Ecology and Management AB - Healthy, dense forests growing in avalanche terrain reduce the likelihood of slab avalanche release by inhibiting the formation of continuous snow layers and weaknesses in the snowpack. Driven by climate change, trends towards more frequent and severe bark beetle disturbances have already resulted in the death of millions of hectares of forest in North America and central Europe, affecting snowpack in mountain forests and potentially reducing their protective capacity against avalanches. We examined the spatial variability in snow stratigraphy, i.e., the characteristic layering of the snowpack, by repeatedly measuring vertical profiles of snow penetration resistance with a digital snow micro penetrometer (SMP) along 10- and 20-m transects in a spruce beetle-infested Engelmann spruce forest in Utah, USA. Three study plots were selected characterizing different stages within a spruce beetle outbreak cycle: non-infested/green, infested > 3 years ago/gray stage, and salvage-logged. A fourth plot was installed in a non-forested meadow as the control. Based on our SMP measurements and a layer matching algorithm, we quantified the spatial variability in snow stratigraphy, and tested which forest, snow and/or meteorological conditions influenced differences between our plots using linear mixed effects models. Our results showed that spatial variability in snow stratigraphy was best explained by the percentage of canopy covering a transect (R2 = 0.71, p < 0.001), and that only 14% of the variance was explained by the stage within the outbreak cycle. That is, differences between green and gray stage stands did not depend much on the reduction in needle mass, but spatial variability in snow stratigraphy increased significantly with increasing forest canopy cover. At both study plots, a more heterogeneous snow stratigraphy developed, which translates to disrupted and discontinuous snow layers and, therefore, reduced avalanche formation. We attribute this to the effect that small fine branches and twigs still present in the canopy of gray stage trees have on snow interception and unloading, and especially on canopy drip. In contrast, salvage logging that reduced the canopy cover to ∼25%, led to a spatially less variable and similar snow stratigraphy as observed in the meadow. At these two study plots, a homogeneous snow stratigraphy consisting of distinct vertical and continuous slope-parallel soft and hard snow layers including weak layers had formed, a condition which is generally more prone to avalanche release. Our findings therefore emphasize advantages of leaving dead trees in place, especially in protection forests where bark beetle populations have reached epidemic levels. DA - 2019/04/15/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.052 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 438 SP - 186 EP - 203 J2 - Forest Ecology and Management LA - en SN - 0378-1127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Influence of topography and forest characteristics on snow distributions in a forested catchment AU - Fujihara, Yoichi AU - Takase, Keiji AU - Chono, Shunsuke AU - Ichion, Eiji AU - Ogura, Akira AU - Tanaka, Kenji T2 - Journal of Hydrology AB - Stored water within snowpack is important for the hydrological balance in many mountainous environments around the world. However, monitoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of snow in such mountainous environments remains rather challenging. We therefore developed a snow depth meter using small temperature loggers. Small temperature loggers were attached to poles at 20cm intervals from the ground surface. Snow depths were estimated by assessing the daily variations in temperatures. Using this snow depth meter, we continuously observed snow depths at 21 stations in a forested catchment in Japan over three winter seasons. Using correlation analysis, we then analyzed the influence of topography (i.e., elevation and aspect) and forest (i.e., canopy openness) on snow depths. Moreover, we estimated daily snow distributions in the area using multi-regression analysis, thus describing seasonal characteristics of snow distributions. Finally we investigated the relation between number of stations and estimation accuracies of snow distributions using a Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis. We observed that the influence of topographical and forest characteristics changed considerably during the study period, with elevation having a major impact on snow depths. Further, aspect and forest cover had a great influence on the snow depths during the melting period. The regression of elevation slopes was 0.8–2.1mm/m during rich snow years and 0.5–0.6mm/m in little snow years. Also, the snow distribution during the melting period was found to be less uniform than during the snow accumulation period using histograms of snow depths. Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis shows that one station per 2.0–2.5ha is enough to estimate accurate snow distributions. Given the above, we concluded that our proposed approach was quite useful for investigating the influence of topography and forest characteristics on snow accumulation and melting. DA - 2017/03/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.01.021 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 546 SP - 289 EP - 298 J2 - Journal of Hydrology LA - en SN - 0022-1694 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Snow avalanche activity in Żleb Żandarmerii in a time of climate change (Tatra Mts., Poland) AU - Gądek, Bogdan AU - Kaczka, Ryszard J. AU - Rączkowska, Zofia AU - Rojan, Elżbieta AU - Casteller, Alejandro AU - Bebi, Peter T2 - CATENA AB - This paper reports from a survey of the occurrence of large avalanches in Żleb Żandarmerii. This couloir is known to be one of the most hazardous avalanche paths in the Tatra Mountains and has one of the longest histories of avalanche observation. This survey looked at the runout distance, return period, dynamics and geoecological implications of avalanches in the context of current climate change. The study took advantage of the longest record of meteorological data available in the Tatra Mountains, as well as archival avalanche observations, topographical maps, orthophotomaps and a high-resolution digital terrain model. Avalanche data were obtained using geomorphological and dendrogeomorphic methods and through modelling with the RAMMS numerical avalanche dynamics simulation software. The largest avalanches reach the foot of its counter slope. Their length, release volume, flow velocity and pressure can exceed respectively 1000m, 80000m3, 45m/s and 600kPa. The results of our study suggest that current climate warming has been accompanied by thinning and shortening of the duration of snow cover, as well as by an upward expansion of the timberline (including in the large-avalanche runout zones) of up to 80m since the mid-1920s. No distinct temporal trend was identified in the large avalanche return period since 1909, but their mass and intensity have declined. Forests and timberline expansion were found to have no influence on the extent of the avalanches in our study, while ground relief could determine both their downward extent and lateral expansion. DA - 2017/11/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.catena.2017.07.005 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 158 SP - 201 EP - 212 J2 - CATENA LA - en SN - 0341-8162 ER - TY - CONF TI - Forest stands from high elevation afforestation in the Austrian Alps – past, present and future at a glance AU - Scheidl, Christian Norbert AU - Heiser, Micha AU - Lechner, Veronika AU - Perzl, Frank AU - Frank, Georg AU - Thaler, Thomas AU - Markart, Gerhard T2 - Natural hazards in a changing world AB - Mountain forests protect people, infrastructure and resources from natural hazards including snow avalanches, floods, debris flows and rockfalls. For such natural hazards the probability of occurrence and magnitude is essentially coupled to the protective effects of vegetation - especially in forested landscapes. In the 50s of the last century after two years of catastrophic avalanche events, the Austrian Forest-Technical Service for Torrent and Avalanche Control (WLV) acknowledged the importance of forest stands as active mitigation measurements against natural hazards and started with an extensive highelevation afforestation campaign throughout the Austrian Alps. Recently, about 30% of the forested area of Austria has a major control function on avalanches, runoff, but also on erosion and rockfall. From a global perspective, high-elevation afforestation is a typical nature-based solution for managing natural hazards and resulting risks. Their advantages may include low environmental impacts, multiple benefits due to the ecosystem-based approach, and relatively low investment costs and higher adaptability to changing conditions. C1 - Bergen C3 - Natural hazards in a changing world DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 DP - Zotero SP - 356 EP - 364 LA - en ER - TY - RPRT TI - Der ISDW-Dokumentationsstandard für die Erfassung der Schutzwirkungen des Waldes AU - Perzl, Frank T2 - BFW. Praxisinformation DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 SN - 15 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Nachhaltigkeit und Erfolgskontrolle im Schutzwald. Wegleitung für Pflegemassnahmen in Wäldern mit Schutzfunktion, Vollzug Umwelt. AU - Frehner, Monika AU - Wasser, Brächt AU - Schwitter, Raphael AB - Wegleitung für Pflegemassnahmen in Wäldern mit Schutzfunktion. Ordner. 2005 DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 SP - 564 LA - de PB - Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL) UR - https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/de/home/themen/thema-wald-und-holz/wald-und-holz--publikationen/publikationen-wald---holz/nachhaltigkeit-und-erfolgskontrolle-im-schutzwald.html Y2 - 2020/09/30/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Three hundred years of applied sustainability in forestry AU - Schmithüsen, Franz Josef DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 DP - www.research-collection.ethz.ch LA - en M3 - Working Paper PB - ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Department Environmental Sciences UR - https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/154087 Y2 - 2020/07/01/ N1 -DOI: 10.3929/ethz-a-009955604
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Priority assessment for conversion of Norway spruce forests through introduction of broadleaf species AU - Kazda, M. AU - Pichler, M. T2 - Forest Ecology and Management DA - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DO - 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00166-7 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 102 IS - 2-3 SP - 245 EP - 258 J2 - Forest Ecology and Management LA - en SN - 03781127 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Evaluating multifunctionality and adaptive capacity of mountain forest management alternatives under climate change in the Eastern Alps AU - Irauschek, Florian AU - Rammer, Werner AU - Lexer, Manfred J. T2 - European Journal of Forest Research DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1007/s10342-017-1051-6 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 136 IS - 5-6 SP - 1051 EP - 1069 J2 - Eur J Forest Res LA - en SN - 1612-4669, 1612-4677 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Forestry AU - Lexer, M. J. AU - Jandl, R. AU - Nabernegg, S. AU - Bednar-Friedl, B. T2 - Economic Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts - Development of a Cross-Sectoral Framework and Results for Austria A2 - Steininger, K. W. A2 - König, M. A2 - Bednar-Friedl, Birgit A2 - Kranzl, L. A2 - Loibl, W. A2 - Prettenthaler, F. T3 - Springer Climate DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 SP - 145 EP - 165 PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 978-3-319-12457-5 UR - https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783319124568#aboutBook ER - TY - JOUR TI - Water stress limits transpiration and growth of European larch up to the lower subalpine belt in an inner-alpine dry valley AU - Obojes, Nikolaus AU - Meurer, Armin AU - Newesely, Christian AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Oberhuber, Walter AU - Mayr, Stefan AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - New Phytologist AB - Summary Climate change will further constrain water availability in dry inner-alpine environments and affect water relations and growth conditions in mountain forests, including the widespread larch forests. To estimate the effects of climate conditions on water balance and growth, variation in sap flow and stem radius of European larch was measured for 3 yr along an elevation transect from 1070 to 2250 m above sea level (asl) in an inner-alpine dry valley in South Tyrol/Italy. Additionally, long-term climate?growth relations were derived from tree cores. Sap flow and radial growth were reduced in dry periods up to an elevation of 1715 m, leading to maximum annual growth at 2000 m. In a wet year no growth difference between elevations was observed. Long-term tree ring data showed a positive growth response to precipitation up to 1715 m and to temperature only above 2000 m. Our results demonstrate that reduced water availability and higher atmospheric water demand limit larch at low elevation within dry Alpine regions. This indicates a general upward shift of this species? elevational amplitude upon climate change, and respective negative effects on future silvicultural use and ecosystem services at lower elevations in the European Alps. DA - 2018/10/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1111/nph.15348 VL - 220 IS - 2 SP - 460 EP - 475 J2 - New Phytologist SN - 0028-646X N1 -number: 2
publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
number: 3
_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00670.x
OCLC: 886662463
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Symbolic entities in the European Alps: Perception and use of a cultural ecosystem service AU - Rüdisser, Johannes AU - Schirpke, Uta AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Ecosystem Services DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100980 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 39 SP - 100980 J2 - Ecosystem Services LA - en SN - 22120416 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using land use/land cover trajectories to uncover ecosystem service patterns across the Alps AU - Egarter Vigl, Lukas AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Schirpke, Uta AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Regional Environmental Change DA - 2017/12// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1007/s10113-017-1132-6 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 17 IS - 8 SP - 2237 EP - 2250 J2 - Reg Environ Change LA - en SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Landscape governance for or by the local population? A property rights analysis in Austria AU - Penker, Marianne T2 - Land Use Policy DA - 2009/10// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.11.007 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 947 EP - 953 J2 - Land Use Policy LA - en SN - 02648377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Changing rural landscapes along the border of Austria and the Czech Republic between 1952 and 2009: Roles of political, socioeconomic and environmental factors AU - Sklenicka, Petr AU - Šímová, Petra AU - Hrdinová, Kateřina AU - Salek, Miroslav T2 - Applied Geography DA - 2014/02// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.12.006 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 47 SP - 89 EP - 98 J2 - Applied Geography LA - en SN - 01436228 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate change versus land-use change—What affects the mountain landscapes more? AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Leitinger, Georg AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Land Use Policy DA - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.019 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 60 SP - 60 EP - 72 J2 - Land Use Policy LA - en SN - 02648377 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Storylines of combined future land use and climate scenarios and their hydrological impacts in an Alpine catchment (Brixental/Austria) AU - Strasser, U. AU - Förster, K. AU - Formayer, H. AU - Hofmeister, F. AU - Marke, T. AU - Meißl, G. AU - Nadeem, I. AU - Stotten, R. AU - Schermer, M. T2 - Science of the Total Environment AB - In this paper, the hydrological impacts of future socio-economic and climatic development are assessed for a regional-scale Alpine catchment (Brixental, Tyrol, Austria). Therefore, coupled storylines of future land use and climate scenarios were developed in a transdisciplinary stakeholder process by means of questionnaire analyses and interviews with local experts from various relevant societal sectors. Resulting future land use maps for each decade were used as spatial input in the hydrological model WaSiM, to which a new module for the consideration of snow-canopy interaction processes has been added. Simulation results for three developed storylines, each combined with a moderate (A1B) and an extreme (RCP8.5) climate future, show that in a warmer and dryer climate the amount of annual simulated streamflow at the gauge of the catchment undergoes a significant reduction. The (mainly natural) reforestation of the catchment – caused by abandonment of previously cultivated areas – leads to additional losses of water by enhanced interception and evapotranspiration processes. Further cultivation of the current mountain pasture areas has a certain potential to attenuate undesirable long-term impacts of climate change on the catchment water balance. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.077 VL - 657 SP - 746 EP - 763 J2 - Sci. Total Environ. LA - English SN - 00489697 (ISSN) DB - Scopus ER - TY - JOUR TI - A regional impact assessment of climate and land-use change on alpine vegetation: Alpine vegetation change AU - Dirnböck, Thomas AU - Dullinger, Stefan AU - Grabherr, Georg T2 - Journal of Biogeography DA - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00839.x DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 30 IS - 3 SP - 401 EP - 417 LA - en SN - 03050270 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Consequences of Treeline Shifts for the Diversity and Function of High Altitude Ecosystems AU - Greenwood, Sarah AU - Jump, Alistair S. T2 - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research DA - 2014/11// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.829 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 46 IS - 4 SP - 829 EP - 840 J2 - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research LA - en SN - 1523-0430, 1938-4246 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An integrated method for the mapping of landscape preferences at the regional scale AU - Zoderer, Brenda Maria AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Carver, Steve AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Ecological Indicators DA - 2019/11// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.05.061 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 106 SP - 105430 J2 - Ecological Indicators LA - en SN - 1470160X ER - TY - JOUR TI - A transnational perspective of global and regional ecosystem service flows from and to mountain regions AU - Schirpke, Uta AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike AU - Tasser, Erich T2 - Scientific Reports DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1038/s41598-019-43229-z DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 6678 J2 - Sci Rep LA - en SN - 2045-2322 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards ecosystem accounts for Rwanda: Tracking 25 years of change in flows and potential supply of ecosystem services AU - Bagstad, Kenneth J. AU - Ingram, Jane Carter AU - Lange, Glenn‐Marie AU - Masozera, Michel AU - Ancona, Zachary H. AU - Bana, Mediatrice AU - Kagabo, Desire AU - Musana, Bernard AU - Nabahungu, Nsharwasi Leon AU - Rukundo, Emmanuel AU - Rutebuka, Evariste AU - Polasky, Stephen AU - Rugege, Denis AU - Uwera, Claudine T2 - People and Nature A2 - Buckley, Yvonne A2 - Buckley, Yvonne DA - 2020/03// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1002/pan3.10062 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 163 EP - 188 J2 - People and Nature LA - en SN - 2575-8314, 2575-8314 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biodiversity indicators for sustainability monitoring at municipality level: An example of implementation in an alpine region AU - Tasser, Erich AU - Sternbach, Elisabeth AU - Tappeiner, Ulrike T2 - Ecological Indicators DA - 2008/05// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.01.005 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 204 EP - 223 J2 - Ecological Indicators LA - en SN - 1470160X ER - TY - RPRT TI - Fachliche Grundlagen zur Umsetzung der FFH-Richtlinie, Schwerpunkt Lebensräume AU - Sauberer, N. AU - Grabherr, G. CY - Wien DA - 1995/// PY - 1995 SP - 95 PB - Umweltbundesamt SN - 115 ER -