TY  - BOOK
TI  - Ecological Effects of Thermal Discharges
AU  - Langford, T.
AB  - The job of the responsible zoologist should be to assess or attempt to predict the consequences of any effluent or other environmental disturbance as objectively as possible, bearing in mind both the needs of conservation and the reasonable demands of man.
CY  - London, New York
DA  - 1990/11/30/
PY  - 1990
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 488
LA  - en
PB  - Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd
SN  - 978-1-85166-451-1
L2  - http://books.google.at/books?id=f1M6lkRZ7MUC
KW  - Science / Life Sciences / Ecology
KW  - Science / Environmental Science
KW  - Technology & Engineering / Environmental / General
KW  - Nature / Environmental Conservation & Protection
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Predicting summer surface water temperatures for large Austrian lakes in 2050 under climate change scenarios
AU  - Dokulil, Martin T.
T2  - Hydrobiologia
DA  - 2014/06//
PY  - 2014
DO  - 10.1007/s10750-013-1550-5
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 731
IS  - 1
SP  - 19
EP  - 29
LA  - en
SN  - 0018-8158, 1573-5117
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10750-013-1550-5
Y2  - 2014/07/11/06:44:47
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Auswirkungen möglicher Klimaänderungen auf Hochwasser und Wasserhaushaltskomponenten ausgewählter Einzugsgebiete in Österreich
AU  - Holzmann, H.
AU  - Lehmann, Th
AU  - Formayer, H.
AU  - Haas, P.
T2  - Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft
AB  - The effects of climate change on the runoff situation have been investigated at four Austrian catchments, Bregenzer Ache (gauge Mellau), Lavant (gauge Fischering), Traisen (gauge Lilienfeld) and Salzach (gauge Mittersill). For this analysis the climate change scenarios A1B and B1 of the regional climate model (RCM) REMO of Max-Planck-Institute-for-Meteorology-Hamburg have been used for creating daily time series of air temperature and precipitation by means of a stochastic weather generator. The reference status of the period of 1961 to 1990 was compared with the period of 2070 to 2100 and the changes were interpreted as climate change impact. The results showed strong regional differences. The magnitude of the annual floods will be reduced in the alpine basins and significantly increased in the Traisen basin. An overall trend to a seasonal change in flood could be shown. The tendency of the decrease of snow accumulation and earlier snow smelt caused by higher air temperature and a higher rate in liquid precipitation with more runoff in winter time and less in summer time could be demonstrated.
DA  - 2010/02/01/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1007/s00506-009-0154-9
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 62
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 7
EP  - 14
LA  - de
SN  - 0945-358X, 1613-7566
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00506-009-0154-9
Y2  - 2013/09/01/18:12:55
KW  - Chemistry/Food Science, general
KW  - Engineering, general
KW  - Waste Management/Waste Technology
KW  - Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A new generation of climate-change experiments: events, not trends
AU  - Jentsch, Anke
AU  - Kreyling, Jürgen
AU  - Beierkuhnlein, Carl
T2  - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
AB  - Intensification of weather extremes is currently emerging as one of the most important facets of climate change. Research on extreme events (“event-focused” in contrast to “trend-focused”) has increased in recent years and, in 2004, accounted for one-fifth of the experimental climate-change studies published. Numerous examples, ranging from microbiology and soil science to biogeography, demonstrate how extreme weather events can accelerate shifts in species composition and distribution, thereby facilitating changes in ecosystem functioning. However, assessing the importance of extreme events for ecological processes poses a major challenge because of the very nature of such events: their effects are out of proportion to their short duration. We propose that extreme events can be characterized by statistical extremity, timing, and abruptness relative to the life cycles of the organisms affected. To test system response to changing magnitude and frequency of weather events, controlled experiments are useful tools. These experiments provide essential insights for science and for societies that must develop coping strategies for such events. Here, we discuss future research needs for climate-change experiments in ecology. For illustration, we describe an experimental plan showing how to meet the challenge posed by changes in the frequency or magnitude of extreme events.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[365:ANGOCE]2.0.CO;2
DP  - ESA Journals
VL  - 5
IS  - 7
SP  - 365
EP  - 374
J2  - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
SN  - 1540-9295
ST  - A new generation of climate-change experiments
UR  - http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5%5B365:ANGOCE%5D2.0.CO%3B2
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:46:53
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changes in the first spawning dates of common frogs and common toads in western Poland in 1978-2002
AU  - Tryjanowski, P.
AU  - Rybacki, M.
AU  - Sparks, T. H.
T2  - Annales Zoologici Fennici
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DP  - Google Books
VL  - 40
SP  - 459
EP  - 464
LA  - en
SN  - 0003-455X
UR  - http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anzf40/anzf40-459.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/08/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Timing of autumn bird migration under climate change: advances in long–distance migrants, delays in short–distance migrants
AU  - Jenni, Lukas
AU  - Kéry, Marc
T2  - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
AB  - As a response to increasing spring temperature in temperate regions in recent years, populations of many plant and animal species, including migratory birds, have advanced the seasonal start of their reproduction or growth. However, the effects of climate changes on subsequent events of the annual cycle remain poorly understood. We investigated long–term changes in the timing of autumn migration in birds, a key event in the annual cycle limiting the reproductive period. Using data spanning a 42–year period, we analysed long–term changes in the passage of 65 species of migratory birds through Western Europe. The autumn passage of migrants wintering south of the Sahara has advanced in recent years, presumably as a result of selection pressure to cross the Sahel before its seasonal dry period. In contrast, migrants wintering north of the Sahara have delayed autumn passage. In addition, species with a variable rather than a fixed number of broods per year have delayed passage, possibly because they are free to attempt more broods. Recent climate changes seem to have a simple unidirectional effect on the seasonal onset of reproduction, but complex and opposing effects on the timing of subsequent events in the annual cycle, depending on the ecology and life history of a species. This complicates predictions of overall effects of global warming on avian communities.
DA  - 2003/07/22/
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1098/rspb.2003.2394
DP  - rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org
VL  - 270
IS  - 1523
SP  - 1467
EP  - 1471
LA  - en
SN  - 0962-8452, 1471-2954
ST  - Timing of autumn bird migration under climate change
UR  - http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/270/1523/1467
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:46:06
KW  - Climate change
KW  - migration
KW  - migrating birds
KW  - timing of migration
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Long-term ozone exposure and ozone uptake of grapevines in open-top chambers
AU  - Soja, G.
AU  - Reichenauer, T.G.
AU  - Eid, M.
AU  - Soja, A.-M.
AU  - Schaber, R.
AU  - Gangl, H.
T2  - Atmospheric Environment
DA  - 2004/05//
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.12.038
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 38
IS  - 15
SP  - 2313
EP  - 2321
SN  - 13522310
UR  - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231004001153
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:11:46
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Beobachtungen zum Ausbreitungsverhalten der Efeu-Seidenbiene Colletes hederae Schmidt und Westrich, 1993 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Hessen und die Bedeutung des blühenden Efeus (Hedera helix L.)
AU  - Frommer, U.
T2  - Hessische Faunistische Briefe
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 29
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Combined effects of food quality and temperature on somatic growth and reproduction of two freshwater cladocerans
AU  - Masclaux, Hélene
AU  - Bec, Alexandre
AU  - Kainz, Martin J
AU  - Desvilettes, Christian
AU  - Jouve, Lionel
AU  - Bourdier, Gilles
T2  - Limnology and Oceanography
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 54
IS  - 4
SP  - 1323
J2  - Limnology and Oceanography
SN  - 0024-3590
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution of species: are bioclimate envelope models useful?
AU  - Pearson, Richard G.
AU  - Dawson, Terence P.
T2  - Global Ecology and Biogeography
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2003.00042.x
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
SP  - 361
EP  - 371
ST  - Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution of species
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2003.00042.x/full
Y2  - 2013/09/03/15:59:35
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Assessing continental-scale risks for generalist and specialist pollinating bee species under climate change
AU  - Roberts, Stuart
AU  - Potts, Simon
AU  - Biesmeijer, Koos
AU  - Kuhlmann, Michael
AU  - Kunin, William
AU  - Ohlemüller, Ralf
T2  - BioRisk - Biodiversity & Ecosystem Risk Assessment
DA  - 2011/12/19/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.3897/biorisk.6.1325
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 6
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 1313-2652, 1313-2644
UR  - http://www.pensoft.net/journals/biorisk/article/1325/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:49:13
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels - Herausforderung der Zukunft (Teil1).
AU  - Bauer, K.
AU  - Fardossi, A.
T2  - Der Winzer
AB  - Beobachtungen der letzten 50 Jahre weisen eindeutig auf Klimaveränderungen hin. Dabei stehen vor allem die Temperatur, der Niederschlag, die Strahlung und die Bodenfeuchte, aber auch die Häufigkeit extremer Witterungsereignisse im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtungen. Wie sehen die aktuellen Forschungsergebnisse und ihre möglichen Auswirkungen auf den Weinbau aus?
DA  - 2008/05/04/
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://www.der-winzer.at/?id=2500,4805781
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Teilbericht 5b: Landwirtschaftliche Flächennutzungspotenziale in Österreich und Simulation von Produktionsszenarien bis 2050. Arbeitspaket 3: Flächennutzungspotenziale und -szenarien
AU  - Schaumberger, Jakob
AU  - Buchgraber, Karl
AU  - Schaumberger, Andreas
CY  - Irdning
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
SP  - 63
M3  - Studie „Save our Surface“ im Auftrag des Österreichischen Klima- und Energiefonds
PB  - LFZ Raumberg-Gumpenstein
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Resistance and resilience of ecosystem metabolism in a flood-prone river system
AU  - Uehlinger, Urs
T2  - Freshwater Biology
AB  - 1. Gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) were analysed for 18 months in two reaches of the River Thur, a prealpine river in Switzerland. The upper reach at 655 m above sea level (a.s.l.) is bedrock constrained, has a high slope (0.60%) and a catchment area of 126 km2. The lower reach at 370 m a.s.l. has a more extensive hyporheic zone, a lower slope (0.17%) and a catchment of 1696 km2. 2. In both reaches, temporal patterns of stream metabolism reflected the occurrence of bed-moving spates. Average reductions of GPP and ER by spates were 53 and 24% in the upper reach, and 37 and 14% in the lower reach, respectively. The greater resistance of ER than GPP in both reaches shifted the ecosystem metabolism towards heterotrophy (decrease of the ratio of GPP to ER (P/R)) following spates. 3. Recovery of GPP was significantly faster in the lower reach and exhibited distinct seasonal variation (positive correlation with incident light). The differences in stability (both resistance and resilience) between reaches reflected differences in geomorphic settings and disturbance regime. 4. Stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the potential influence of season, disturbance and prevailing environmental conditions on stream metabolism in each reach. Time since spate plus temperature explained 73 and 86% of variation in ER and GPP, respectively, in the upper reach and 55% of variation in ER in the lower reach. Season plus prevailing environmental conditions explained 67% of variation in GPP in the lower reach. 5. To test how the perception of stability may change with increasing scale of observation, the disturbance regimes of 12 sites were compared with the disturbance regime of the entire Thur catchment. The analysis suggests that stream metabolism at the catchment scale is far more resistant to high flow events than at the reach scale.
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2000.00620.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
SP  - 319
EP  - 332
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2427
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2000.00620.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:46:48
KW  - disturbance
KW  - ecosystem respiration
KW  - longitudinal change
KW  - primary production
KW  - spates
KW  - spatial scaling
KW  - stability
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Analysis of the pest risk from Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma to Austrian viticulture
AU  - Steffek, R.
AU  - Reisenzein, H.
AU  - Zeisner, N.
T2  - EPPO Bulletin
AB  - In 2004, Scaphoideus titanus, vector of Grapevine flavescence dorée phytoplasma, was first recorded in Austrian vineyards. The absence of the phytoplasma in 2004-06 was confirmed by molecular analyses of grapevine and vector samples. To estimate the risk to Austrian viticulture a Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) was conducted, following the EPPO decision support scheme. The highest risk of introduction arises from the extensive trade in rootstocks and, especially for vineyards located along traffic routes and waterways, from the passive or active spread of the vector. Climate will not limit the establishment of the vector in the large northern Austrian vine-growing regions of Niederösterreich and Burgenland. At present the probability that the disease and vector become associated is restricted to parts of South Styria. Plant protection practice cannot prevent the establishment and spread of vector populations, especially in sustainable production systems, which forms more than 70% of the total Austrian viticulture area. The possibility for containment or even eradication is given, but requires an early recognition of the vector and disease and the immediate initiation of measures. Otherwise, losses to vine growers, follow-up costs for eradication and additional efforts in the production of plants would be substantial. Following the assessment, legal measures and recommendations to prevent disease entry and to minimise impacts of established vector populations are considered.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2338.2007.01102.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
SP  - 191
EP  - 203
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2338
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2007.01102.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/19:04:19
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Interactions of temperature and nutrient changes: effects on phytoplankton in the Piburger See (Tyrol, Austria)
AU  - Thies, H.
AU  - Tolotti, M.
AU  - Nickus, U.
AU  - Lami, A.
AU  - Musazzi, S.
AU  - Guilizzoni, P.
AU  - Rose, N. L.
AU  - Yang, H.
T2  - Freshwater Biology
AB  - 1. Contemporary limnological and palaeolimnological data from Piburger See (Eastern Alps, Austria) allowed the reconstruction of its trophic state since the late 19th century and the assessment of changes in phytoplankton biomass and species composition in relation to selected environmental parameters.2. A radiometrically dated sediment core from Piburger See was analysed for geochemical parameters, spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs), bacterial and algal pigments, and diatoms. The low SCP sediment inventory assigns Piburger See to the ‘cleaner’ sites in Europe with respect to fossil-fuel related air pollution. The sedimentary pigment and diatom record reveals moderate eutrophication during the 20th century, followed by a slow re-oligotrophication since the mid-1980s because of lake restoration starting in 1970.3. Epilimnetic temperature for Piburger See was reconstructed using air temperature records. A pronounced temperature increase has been recorded during the mid-1940s and since the late-20th century, both promoting algal growth and changes in species composition (e.g. increase in centric diatoms and recent bloom of Asterionella formosa).4. Climate scenarios project additional substantial warming for this mountain lake by the end of the 21st century which will be most pronounced during the growing season. The predicted change in lake water temperature and thermal dynamics represents a key driver for the trophic and ecological status of Piburger See in the future.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02661.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 57
IS  - 10
SP  - 2057
EP  - 2075
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2427
ST  - Interactions of temperature and nutrient changes
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02661.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:44:15
KW  - Temperature
KW  - sediment
KW  - diatoms
KW  - Eutrophication
KW  - mountain lake
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - UK conifer forests may be growing faster in response to increased N deposition, atmospheric CO2 and temperature
AU  - Cannell, M. G. R.
AU  - Thornley, J. H. M.
AU  - Mobbs, D. C.
AU  - Friend, A. D.
T2  - Forestry
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 71
IS  - 4
SP  - 277
EP  - 296
UR  - http://forestry.oxfordjournals.org/content/71/4/277.short
Y2  - 2013/09/03/15:11:37
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
AU  - Parmesan, Camille
AU  - Yohe, Gary
T2  - Nature
DA  - 2003/01/02/
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1038/nature01286
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 421
IS  - 6918
SP  - 37
EP  - 42
SN  - 0028-0836
UR  - http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature01286
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:33:12
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate warming and the decline of amphibians and reptiles in Europe
AU  - Araújo, Miguel B.
AU  - Thuiller, Wilfried
AU  - Pearson, Richard G.
T2  - Journal of Biogeography
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 33
IS  - 10
SP  - 1712
EP  - 1728
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01482.x/full
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:12:33
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Some effects of high environmental temperatures on the productivity of laying hens (a review)
AU  - Smith, A. J.
T2  - Tropical animal health and production
DA  - 1973///
PY  - 1973
DO  - 10.1007/BF02240427
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
SP  - 259
EP  - 271
SN  - 0049-4747 1573-7438
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02240427
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:09:03
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Eco-fingerprinting of the dinoflagellate Borghiella dodgei: experimental evidence of a specific environmental niche
AU  - Flaim, Giovanna
AU  - Rott, Eugen
AU  - Frassanito, Rita
AU  - Guella, Graziano
AU  - Obertegger, Ulrike
T2  - Hydrobiologia
AB  - In Lake Tovel, an oligotrophic and weakly stratified lake, the dinoflagellate Borghiella dodgei Moestrup, Hansen et Daugbjerg, showed a peculiar spatial–temporal pattern with highest abundances in the bottom of the shallow side bay (4 m) along with remarkable abundance variations from year to year. We investigated B. dodgei’s growth in laboratory cultures and related results to their implication for bloom formation. B. dodgei was cultivated under different temperature, nutrient and light conditions. Growth rates, cell biovolume, cyst formation and pigment and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) concentrations were determined. Experiments showed that this alga (i) had higher growth rates at low temperatures (<7°C) and high irradiance levels (~250 μmol m−2 s−1), (ii) produced higher yields with organic supplements such as peptone, (iii) did not grow in the dark even with organic supplements, (iv) survived for long periods without a light source, (v) synthesised MAAs, (vi) showed an increase in cell volume with nutrient shortage and increasing temperatures (>7°C) and (vii) had high encystment rates with temperatures >7°C. These laboratory fingerprints allowed us to construct a theoretical model defining the species’ niche. Borghiella needed a mixture of low temperatures, high irradiance levels and sufficient quantities of dissolved organic nitrogen to form blooms. Such a strict combination was probably a transient situation and occurred in oligotrophic Lake Tovel only in early summers followed by heavy spring rains.
DA  - 2010/02/01/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1007/s10750-009-0013-5
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 639
IS  - 1
SP  - 85
EP  - 98
J2  - Hydrobiologia
LA  - en
SN  - 0018-8158, 1573-5117
ST  - Eco-fingerprinting of the dinoflagellate Borghiella dodgei
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10750-009-0013-5
Y2  - 2013/10/22/
KW  - ecology
KW  - Zoology
KW  - Freshwater & Marine Ecology
KW  - Borghiella
KW  - Cold stenothermic
KW  - Encystment
KW  - Life cycle
KW  - Mycosporine-like amino acids
KW  - Organic requirement
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Potential impacts of climate change on species richness in mountain forests—An ecological risk assessment
AU  - Kienast, Felix
AU  - Wildi, Otto
AU  - Brzeziecki, Bogdan
T2  - Biological Conservation
DA  - 1998/03//
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00085-2
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 83
SP  - 291
EP  - 305
UR  - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320797000852
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:19:47
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mountain soils under a changing climate and land-use
AU  - Hagedorn, Frank
AU  - Mulder, Jan
AU  - Jandl, Robert
T2  - Biogeochemistry
AB  - Mountain ecosystems are currently experiencing the strongest climatic warming and the largest changes in land-use during the last millennia. The impacts of these changes on soils and their roles in the cycling of carbon and nutrients are, however, largely unknown. Here, we define mountain soils as soils from mountainous areas with cool summers and cold winters and thus, soils from ecosystems that are influenced by snow and ice and where biogeochemical processes are limited by temperature. Because climatic conditions, soil properties, plant species and productivity vary at a small scale in mountains, they provide a unique natural but a seldom used laboratory to study soil processes. In this special issue, we compile different studies on soils from European mountains, reaching from the functioning of mountain soils along natural climatic gradients to responses of greenhouse gas fluxes from mountain soils to experimental warming, soil frost and changes in precipitation.
DA  - 2010/01/01/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1007/s10533-009-9386-9
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 97
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
J2  - Biogeochemistry
LA  - en
SN  - 0168-2563, 1573-515X
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10533-009-9386-9
Y2  - 2013/08/29/15:42:33
KW  - Alps
KW  - soil organic matter
KW  - Forest management
KW  - Decomposition
KW  - Biogeosciences
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Environmental Chemistry
KW  - Life Sciences, general
KW  - land-use change
KW  - climatic change
KW  - Carbon cycling
KW  - Snow cover
KW  - Soil frost
KW  - Winter
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climatic change and wetland desiccation cause amphibian decline in Yellowstone National Park
AU  - McMenamin, S. K.
AU  - Hadly, E. A.
AU  - Wright, C. K.
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DA  - 2008/10/30/
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.0809090105
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 105
IS  - 44
SP  - 16988
EP  - 16993
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0809090105
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:11:51
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Definition und Abgrenzung der Pilze
AU  - Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard
AU  - Kraus, Günther F.
T2  - Pilze in Innenräumen und am Arbeitsplatz
A2  - Hinker, Manfred
A2  - Seibert, Martina
AB  - Der Begriff "Pilz" im landläufigen Sinn ist als Lebensform zu verstehen und basiert auf der Lebensweise der Pilze und der Tradition. So versteht man darunter in der allgemein üblichen weiten Auslegung relativ einfach gebaute, meist unbewegliche Organismen, die sich heterotroph absorptiv, also von organischem Kohlenstoff ernähren, indem sie Enzyme ausscheiden und dann die gelösten Stoffe aufnehmen. Viele Pilze bilden Sporen als Ausbreitungseinheiten. Diese knappe Beschreibung reicht heute nicht mehr aus, um diese Organismen in der modernen Abgrenzung eindeutig zu charakterisieren.
DA  - 2013/01/01/
PY  - 2013
DP  - link.springer.com
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
LA  - de
PB  - Springer Vienna
SN  - 978-3-7091-1234-2 978-3-7091-1235-9
UR  - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7091-1235-9_1
Y2  - 2013/09/03/07:10:21
KW  - Fungus Genetics
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Subalpine-nival gradient of species richness for vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in the Swiss Inner Alps
AU  - Vittoz, Pascal
AU  - Camenisch, Martin
AU  - Mayor, Romain
AU  - Miserere, Luca
AU  - Vust, Mathias
AU  - Theurillat, Jean-Paul
T2  - Botanica Helvetica
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 120
IS  - 2
SP  - 139
EP  - 149
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00035-010-0079-8
Y2  - 2013/09/03/15:05:22
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Novel methods improve prediction of species’ distributions from occurrence data
AU  - Elith, Jane
AU  - H. Graham, Catherine
AU  - Anderson, Robert P.
AU  - Dudík, Miroslav
AU  - Ferrier, Simon
AU  - Guisan, Antoine
AU  - Hijmans, Robert J.
AU  - Huettmann, Falk
AU  - Leathwick, John R.
AU  - Lehmann, Anthony
AU  - Li, Jin
AU  - Lohmann, Lucia G.
AU  - Loiselle, Bette A.
AU  - Manion, Glenn
AU  - Moritz, Craig
AU  - Nakamura, Miguel
AU  - Nakazawa, Yoshinori
AU  - Overton, Jacob McC. M.
AU  - Townsend Peterson, A.
AU  - Phillips, Steven J.
AU  - Richardson, Karen
AU  - Scachetti-Pereira, Ricardo
AU  - Schapire, Robert E.
AU  - Soberón, Jorge
AU  - Williams, Stephen
AU  - Wisz, Mary S.
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
T2  - Ecography
AB  - Prediction of species’ distributions is central to diverse applications in ecology, evolution and conservation science. There is increasing electronic access to vast sets of occurrence records in museums and herbaria, yet little effective guidance on how best to use this information in the context of numerous approaches for modelling distributions. To meet this need, we compared 16 modelling methods over 226 species from 6 regions of the world, creating the most comprehensive set of model comparisons to date. We used presence-only data to fit models, and independent presence-absence data to evaluate the predictions. Along with well-established modelling methods such as generalised additive models and GARP and BIOCLIM, we explored methods that either have been developed recently or have rarely been applied to modelling species’ distributions. These include machine-learning methods and community models, both of which have features that may make them particularly well suited to noisy or sparse information, as is typical of species’ occurrence data. Presence-only data were effective for modelling species’ distributions for many species and regions. The novel methods consistently outperformed more established methods. The results of our analysis are promising for the use of data from museums and herbaria, especially as methods suited to the noise inherent in such data improve.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04596.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 129
EP  - 151
LA  - en
SN  - 1600-0587
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eco.2006.29.issue-2/issuetoc
Y2  - 2013/10/22/09:51:22
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mycorrhizal mushroom diversity and productivity—an indicator of forest health?
AU  - Egli, Simon
T2  - Annals of Forest Science
AB  - • Introduction Fruit-body production of mushrooms is not well understood to date as many factors interact with mushroom growth in nature. Weather conditions play a key role, but they do not completely explain the growth and productivity of wild mushrooms. Mycorrhizal fungi depend on photosynthetically fixed carbon produced by their associated trees, and the physiological state of host trees may well drive the growth of these fungi. We raise the question of whether mycorrhizal fungi can be used as indicators for tree health. • Discussion In the 1980s, a decline in the species richness and abundance of ectomycorrhizal species was observed in Europe, which was then seen as reflecting the degree of forest dieback. An analysis of the results of a long-term study over 32 years in the fungus reserve La Chanéaz confirms this decline: since 1975, the mycorrhizal species have considerably decreased in abundance in relation to the other species. We discuss potential causes of this development and raise questions about a possible relationship between a decrease in mycorrhizal fungi and the health of the associated forest trees. • Conclusion We do not yet know enough about forest mushrooms to be able to use them as bio-indicators of tree health. More research is needed, especially about the functional significance of ectomycorrhizal fungi on a species level.
DA  - 2011/01/01/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1007/s13595-010-0009-3
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 68
IS  - 1
SP  - 81
EP  - 88
J2  - Annals of Forest Science
LA  - en
SN  - 1286-4560, 1297-966X
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13595-010-0009-3
Y2  - 2013/09/03/06:52:39
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - Bio-indicator
KW  - Environment, general
KW  - Forest management
KW  - Forestry
KW  - Forestry Management
KW  - Fruit-body production
KW  - Tree Biology
KW  - Tree growth
KW  - Wild forest mushrooms
KW  - Wood Science & Technology
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evidence of Recent Treeline Dynamics in Southwest Yukon from Aerial Photographs
AU  - Danby, Ryan K.
AU  - Hik, David S.
T2  - Arctic
AB  - Small-scale vertical aerial photographs taken in 1947 and 1948 covering 200 km2 of the Kluane Ranges, southwest Yukon, were compared with corresponding photographs taken in 1989 for the purpose of characterizing changes in the distribution and abundance of white spruce ( Picea glauca  (Moench) Voss) at the alpine treeline. Digital photogrammetry, including orthorectification and on-screen interpretation, was supplemented by stereoscopic inspection of the original prints. Qualitative assessment of change across nine image pairs was accompanied by quantitative analysis of changes in spruce density and elevation using 1 hectare plots and 100 m wide elevational belt transects, respectively, superimposed on the orthorectified images. Significant changes were observed over the 41 years, but the degree of change varied throughout the study area. The most common changes were an increase in canopy size of individual trees and an increase in stand density resulting from the establishment of new individuals. Several instances of treeline advance were also observed. An absence of major natural disturbances or widespread land use change indicates that treeline change is attributable to climate. Results from concurrent dendroecological studies indicate that these dynamics represent only part of the total extent of change to occur during the 20th century.  Key words: climate change, forest-tundra, ecotones, timberline, repeat photography, air photos, landscape change, Yukon,  Picea glauca
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - arctic.synergiesprairies.ca
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
SP  - 411
EP  - 420
LA  - en
SN  - 1923-1245
UR  - http://arctic.synergiesprairies.ca/arctic/index.php/arctic/article/view/198
Y2  - 2013/09/04/07:30:52
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Biodiversity gains and losses: Evidence for homogenisation of Scottish alpine vegetation
AU  - Britton, Andrea J.
AU  - Beale, Colin M.
AU  - Towers, Willie
AU  - Hewison, Richard L.
T2  - Biological Conservation
AB  - Alpine areas are important biodiversity reservoirs, but are subject to anthropogenic drivers including climate change, nitrogen deposition and changing land use. Alpine vegetation has been proposed as an indicator of climate change impacts, but this requires long-term data since these communities have high inertia. Most studies have focussed on climate impacts in open, high-alpine summit communities; we investigated responses of closed low- and middle-alpine communities to multiple drivers. Scottish alpine vegetation data collected 1963–1987 was used as a baseline to assess biodiversity change across a range of habitats and a wide geographic spread. Change was assessed over a 20–40 years period using a variety of metrics including α- and β-diversity indices and biodiversity changes were contrasted between habitats and areas. We also examined changes in key species′ distribution and cover. Species richness increased in most habitats, while diversity at the plot scale and β-diversity declined, resulting in increased homogeneity of vegetation. This occurred in closed alpine communities over a 20–40 years period, implying that these communities are considerably more dynamic than previously thought. Key northern and alpine species declined while lowland generalist species increased. This change was consistent with predicted impacts of climate change, but other elements of spatial pattern (decline in lichen richness in high deposition areas) were consistent with effects of nitrogen pollution. Assessment of biodiversity change differed according to the metrics used and we argue that biodiversity targets for conservation management need accurate definition and that multiple measures of biodiversity are required to accurately assess long-term change.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.03.010
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 142
IS  - 8
SP  - 1728
EP  - 1739
J2  - Biological Conservation
SN  - 0006-3207
ST  - Biodiversity gains and losses
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320709001451
Y2  - 2013/09/04/07:28:03
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Grazing
KW  - Montane
KW  - Nitrogen deposition
KW  - α-Diversity
KW  - β-Diversity
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effect of environmental temperature on the ability of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit West Nile virus
AU  - Dohm, David J.
AU  - O'Guinn, Monica L.
AU  - Turell, Michael J.
T2  - Journal of Medical Entomology
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1603/0022-2585-39.1.221
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
SP  - 221
EP  - 225
ST  - Effect of environmental temperature on the ability of Culex pipiens (Diptera
UR  - http://esa.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/esa/jme;jsessionid=52fjgb9afgg2m.alexandra
Y2  - 2013/09/03/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effects of drought and heat on forest insect populations in relation to the 2003 drought in Western Europe
AU  - Rouault, Gaëlle
AU  - Candau, Jean-Noël
AU  - Lieutier, François
AU  - Nageleisen, Louis-Michel
AU  - Martin, Jean-Claude
AU  - Warzée, Nathalie
T2  - Annals of Forest Science
DA  - 2006/09/14/
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1051/forest:2006044
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 63
IS  - 6
SP  - 613
EP  - 624
SN  - 1286-4560, 1297-966X
UR  - http://www.afs-journal.org/articles/forest/abs/2006/06/f6065/f6065.html
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:54:16
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of climate change on soil erosion and the efficiency of soil conservation practices in Austria
AU  - Klik, A.
AU  - Eitzinger, J.
T2  - The Journal of Agricultural Science
DA  - 2010/03/30/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1017/S0021859610000158
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 148
IS  - 05
SP  - 529
EP  - 541
SN  - 0021-8596, 1469-5146
UR  - http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0021859610000158
Y2  - 2013/09/03/11:54:47
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - PHENIPS—A comprehensive phenology model of Ips typographus (L.) (Col., Scolytinae) as a tool for hazard rating of bark beetle infestation
AU  - Baier, Peter
AU  - Pennerstorfer, Josef
AU  - Schopf, Axel
T2  - Forest Ecology and Management
AB  - We developed the model PHENIPS for spatial and temporal simulation of the seasonal development of Ips typographus at the Kalkalpen National Park in Austria. The model is based on a digital elevation model used for interpolation of temperature and solar radiation to calculate the microclimatic conditions (bark temperature) for the beetles’ development. Additionally, the beetles’ phenology at Kalkalpen National Park was monitored along with air and bark temperature measurements. The onset of host tree infestation in spring was estimated using a lower threshold of 16.5 °C for flight activity and a mean thermal sum of 140 degree-days (dd) from beginning of April 1st onward. Rate of brood development was calculated from accumulated degree-days of hourly temperature data using upper and lower temperature thresholds of 38.9 and 8.3 °C, respectively, and a nonlinear function for calculating effective thermal sums. Re-emergence of parental beetles occurred at a time when 49.7% of the thermal sum for total development (557 dd) was reached. The model includes the discontinuance of the beetle's reproductive activity at a day length &lt;14.5 h. The rate of successful hibernation of established broods is predicted by assessing the developmental stage of initiated generations at the beginning of the cold period. For validation we compared the timing of phenological events in the field with predicted events using both, hourly recorded data at trap trees in the terrain and generated daily topoclimatic data. Using topoclimatic data, the onset of infestation was predicted with a mean absolute error of 1.3 days. The observed onset of emergence of filial beetles in the field was estimated with a mean error of 39 dd. Our PHENIPS explicitly considers the strong effects of regional topography and stand conditions on local air and bark temperature and can be used for precise monitoring of the actual state of bark beetle development at the specific stand/tree level. Using topoclimatic data, PHENIPS simulates the maximum number of generations which is necessary to assess the potential impact of bark beetle outbreaks at regional scale. Further applications of PHENIPS for site-specific hazard rating of bark beetle infestation are discussed.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.05.020
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 249
IS  - 3
SP  - 171
EP  - 186
J2  - Forest Ecology and Management
SN  - 0378-1127
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112707004057
Y2  - 2013/09/06/07:13:17
KW  - phenology
KW  - Ips typographus
KW  - Forest protection
KW  - GIS
KW  - Hazard rating
KW  - Scolytinae
KW  - Topoclimatic modelling
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recent Plant Diversity Changes on Europe’s Mountain Summits
AU  - Pauli, Harald
AU  - Gottfried, Michael
AU  - Dullinger, Stefan
AU  - Abdaladze, Otari
AU  - Akhalkatsi, Maia
AU  - Alonso, José Luis Benito
AU  - Coldea, Gheorghe
AU  - Dick, Jan
AU  - Erschbamer, Brigitta
AU  - Calzado, Rosa Fernández
AU  - Ghosn, Dany
AU  - Holten, Jarle I.
AU  - Kanka, Robert
AU  - Kazakis, George
AU  - Kollár, Jozef
AU  - Larsson, Per
AU  - Moiseev, Pavel
AU  - Moiseev, Dmitry
AU  - Molau, Ulf
AU  - Mesa, Joaquín Molero
AU  - Nagy, Laszlo
AU  - Pelino, Giovanni
AU  - Puşcaş, Mihai
AU  - Rossi, Graziano
AU  - Stanisci, Angela
AU  - Syverhuset, Anne O.
AU  - Theurillat, Jean-Paul
AU  - Tomaselli, Marcello
AU  - Unterluggauer, Peter
AU  - Villar, Luis
AU  - Vittoz, Pascal
AU  - Grabherr, Georg
T2  - Science
AB  - In mountainous regions, climate warming is expected to shift species’ ranges to higher altitudes. Evidence for such shifts is still mostly from revisitations of historical sites. We present recent (2001 to 2008) changes in vascular plant species richness observed in a standardized monitoring network across Europe’s major mountain ranges. Species have moved upslope on average. However, these shifts had opposite effects on the summit floras’ species richness in boreal-temperate mountain regions (+3.9 species on average) and Mediterranean mountain regions (–1.4 species), probably because recent climatic trends have decreased the availability of water in the European south. Because Mediterranean mountains are particularly rich in endemic species, a continuation of these trends might shrink the European mountain flora, despite an average increase in summit species richness across the region.
DA  - 2012/04/20/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1126/science.1219033
DP  - www.sciencemag.org
VL  - 336
IS  - 6079
SP  - 353
EP  - 355
J2  - Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0036-8075, 1095-9203
UR  - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6079/353
Y2  - 2013/08/26/16:24:18
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adjustment to climate change is constrained by arrival date in a long-distance migrant bird
AU  - Both, Christiaan
AU  - Visser, Marcel E.
T2  - Nature
AB  - Spring temperatures in temperate regions have increased over the past 20 years, and many organisms have responded to this increase by advancing the date of their growth and reproduction. Here we show that adaptation to climate change in a long-distance migrant is constrained by the timing of its migratory journey. For long-distance migrants climate change may advance the phenology of their breeding areas, but the timing of some species' spring migration relies on endogenous rhythms that are not affected by climate change. Thus, the spring migration of these species will not advance even though they need to arrive earlier on their breeding grounds to breed at the appropriate time. We show that the migratory pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca has advanced its laying date over the past 20 years. This temporal shift has been insufficient, however, as indicated by increased selection for earlier breeding over the same period. The shift is hampered by its spring arrival date, which has not advanced. Some of the numerous long-distance migrants will suffer from climate change, because either their migration strategy is unaffected by climate change, or the climate in breeding and wintering areas are changing at different speeds, preventing adequate adaptation.
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1038/35077063
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 411
IS  - 6835
SP  - 296
EP  - 298
J2  - Nature
LA  - en
SN  - 0028-0836
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v411/n6835/abs/411296a0.html
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:35:22
N1  - The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:<br/>Label: both01<br/>
N1  - The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:<br/>Label: both01<br/>
KW  - Climate change
KW  - ecology
KW  - immunology
KW  - evolution
KW  - developmental biology
KW  - science
KW  - earth science
KW  - environmental science
KW  - astronomy
KW  - astrophysics
KW  - biochemistry
KW  - bioinformatics
KW  - biology
KW  - biotechnology
KW  - cancer
KW  - cell cycle
KW  - cell signalling
KW  - computational biology
KW  - development
KW  - DNA
KW  - drug discovery
KW  - evolutionary biology
KW  - functional genomics
KW  - genetics
KW  - genomics
KW  - geophysics
KW  - interdisciplinary science
KW  - life
KW  - marine biology
KW  - materials science
KW  - medical research
KW  - medicine
KW  - metabolomics
KW  - molecular biology
KW  - molecular interactions
KW  - nanotechnology
KW  - Nature
KW  - neurobiology
KW  - neuroscience
KW  - palaeobiology
KW  - pharmacology
KW  - physics
KW  - proteomics
KW  - quantum physics
KW  - RNA
KW  - science news
KW  - science policy
KW  - signal transduction
KW  - structural biology
KW  - systems biology
KW  - transcriptomics
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Effects of climate change on Tundra bryophytes
AU  - Jägerbrand, A. K.
AU  - Björk, R.G.
AU  - Callaghan, T.
T2  - Bryophyte Ecology and Climate Change
A2  - Tuba, Z.
A2  - Slack, N. G.
A2  - Stark, L. R.
CY  - Cambridge
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 211
EP  - 236
PB  - Cambridge University Press
ST  - Alpine bryophytes as indicators for climate change
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate-change winners and losers: stream macroinvertebrates of a submontane region in Central Europe
AU  - Domisch, Sami
AU  - Jähnig, Sonja C.
AU  - Haase, Peter
T2  - Freshwater Biology
AB  - 1. Freshwater ecosystems will be profoundly affected by global climate change, especially those in mountainous areas, which are known to be particularly vulnerable to warming temperatures. We modelled impacts of climate change on the distribution ranges of 38 species of benthic stream macroinvertebrates from nine macroinvertebrate orders covering all river zones from the headwaters to large river reaches.2. Species altitudinal shifts as well as range changes up to the year 2080 were simulated using the A2a and B2a Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change climate-warming scenarios. Presence-only species distribution models were constructed for a stream network in Germany’s lower mountain ranges by means of consensus projections of four algorithms, as implemented in the BIOMOD package in R (GLM, GAM, GBM and ANN).3. Species were predicted to shift an average of 122 and 83 m up in altitude along the river continuum by the year 2080 under the A2a and B2a climate-warming scenarios, respectively. No correlation between altitudinal shifts and mean annual air temperature of species’ occurrence could be detected.4. Depending on the climate-warming scenario, most or all (97% for A2a and 100% for B2a) of the macroinvertebrate species investigated were predicted to survive under climate change in the study area. Ranges were predicted to contract for species that currently occur in streams with low annual mean air temperatures but expand for species that inhabit rivers where air temperatures are higher.5. Our models predict that novel climate conditions will reorganise species composition and community structure along the river continuum. Possible effects are discussed, including significant reductions in population size of headwater species, eventually leading to a loss of genetic diversity. A shift in river species composition is likely to enhance the establishment of non-native macroinvertebrates in the lower reaches of the river continuum.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02631.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 56
IS  - 10
SP  - 2009
EP  - 2020
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2427
ST  - Climate-change winners and losers
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02631.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:59:24
KW  - altitudinal shift
KW  - benthic invertebrates
KW  - species distribution model
KW  - species range change
KW  - suitable habitat area
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Differential impacts of climate change on the hydrology of two alpine river basins
AU  - Jasper, Karsten
AU  - Calanca, Pierluigi
AU  - Gyalistras, Dimitrios
AU  - Fuhrer, Jürg
T2  - Climate Research
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
SP  - 113
EP  - 129
UR  - http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/cr/v26/n2/
Y2  - 2013/09/03/11:29:34
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908, in Carinthia: first record of the occurrence of sandflies in Austria (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)
AU  - Naucke, Torsten J.
AU  - Lorentz, Susanne
AU  - Rauchenwald, Friedrich
AU  - Aspöck, Horst
T2  - Parasitology Research
AB  - During an entomology survey in July 2009 and July 2010, 4 males and 22 females of Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii were caught in southeastern Carinthia. These are the first documented records of the occurrence of Phlebotominae in Austria.
DA  - 2011/10/01/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1007/s00436-011-2361-0
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 109
IS  - 4
SP  - 1161
EP  - 1164
J2  - Parasitol Res
LA  - en
SN  - 0932-0113, 1432-1955
ST  - Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908, in Carinthia
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-011-2361-0
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:18:43
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - immunology
KW  - Medical Microbiology
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Auswirkungen und Strategien für Landwirtschaft und Umwelt - aus der Sicht des Pflanzenschutzes
AU  - Weigand, S.
AU  - Tischner, H.
T2  - 6. Kulturlandschaftstag
T3  - Schriftenreihe der Bayerischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft
C1  - Freising-Weihenstephan
C3  - Klimaänderung und Landwirtschaft - Bestandsaufnahme und Handlungs- strategien für Bayern. Tagungsband
DA  - 2007/11/19/
PY  - 2007
VL  - 13
SP  - 33
EP  - 46
PB  - Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL)
SN  - 1611-4159
UR  - http://www.lfl.bayern.de/mam/cms07/publikationen/daten/schriftenreihe/p_28555.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/09/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Global warming and biodiversity: Evidence of climate-linked amphibian declines in Italy
AU  - D’Amen, Manuela
AU  - Bombi, Pierluigi
T2  - Biological Conservation
AB  - Amphibians are among the most endangered animals on Earth, and climatic shifts are among the hypothesized factors in their decline. We used spatial patterns of recent amphibian declines in Italy to test hypotheses pertaining to three potential, nonexclusive factors: climate change, habitat alteration, and high levels of incident solar radiation. This study was based on patterns of presence in a geographic grid for 19 species. Grid-squares in which presence had previously been documented, but was not re-confirmed after a specific threshold year, were considered to represent declines. Using a GIS-based approach, we calculated, for each cell, the mean values – or shift in mean values – of different parameters, used as proxies for the three factors. The measures of these parameters were entered as predictors in specific autocovariate models fitted on grid-square status. Our results suggest that while multiple factors have contributed to declines, climate change has been a major cause of population disappearances. We identified a common pattern of disappearances in areas that have been especially affected by climatic shifts. Our findings also strongly suggest that habitat alteration, due mainly to urban land use, has contributed to the decline of several species and that solar irradiation, though probably not a direct cause of mortality, may have been important in association with other stressors. By identifying the most threatened species, geographical hot spots of decline, and the primary causes of decline, our work provides a basis for improving management and setting conservation priorities.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.08.004
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 142
IS  - 12
SP  - 3060
EP  - 3067
J2  - Biological Conservation
SN  - 0006-3207
ST  - Global warming and biodiversity
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320709003723
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:48:55
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Amphibian extinction
KW  - Autocovariate models
KW  - Habitat alteration
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Challenging claims in the study of migratory birds and climate change
AU  - Knudsen, Endre
AU  - Lindén, Andreas
AU  - Both, Christiaan
AU  - Jonzén, Niclas
AU  - Pulido, Francisco
AU  - Saino, Nicola
AU  - Sutherland, William J.
AU  - Bach, Lars A.
AU  - Coppack, Timothy
AU  - Ergon, Torbjørn
AU  - Gienapp, Phillip
AU  - Gill, Jennifer A.
AU  - Gordo, Oscar
AU  - Hedenström, Anders
AU  - Lehikoinen, Esa
AU  - Marra, Peter P.
AU  - Møller, Anders P.
AU  - Nilsson, Anna L. K.
AU  - Péron, Guillaume
AU  - Ranta, Esa
AU  - Rubolini, Diego
AU  - Sparks, Tim H.
AU  - Spina, Fernando
AU  - Studds, Colin E.
AU  - Sæther, Stein A.
AU  - Tryjanowski, Piotr
AU  - Stenseth, Nils Chr.
T2  - Biological Reviews
AB  - Recent shifts in phenology in response to climate change are well established but often poorly understood. Many animals integrate climate change across a spatially and temporally dispersed annual life cycle, and effects are modulated by ecological interactions, evolutionary change and endogenous control mechanisms. Here we assess and discuss key statements emerging from the rapidly developing study of changing spring phenology in migratory birds. These well-studied organisms have been instrumental for understanding climate-change effects, but research is developing rapidly and there is a need to attack the big issues rather than risking affirmative science. Although we agree poorly on the support for most claims, agreement regarding the knowledge basis enables consensus regarding broad patterns and likely causes. Empirical data needed for disentangling mechanisms are still scarce, and consequences at a population level and on community composition remain unclear. With increasing knowledge, the overall support (‘consensus view’) for a claim increased and between-researcher variability in support (‘expert opinions') decreased, indicating the importance of assessing and communicating the knowledge basis. A proper integration across biological disciplines seems essential for the field's transition from affirming patterns to understanding mechanisms and making robust predictions regarding future consequences of shifting phenologies.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00179.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 86
IS  - 4
SP  - 928
EP  - 946
LA  - en
SN  - 1469-185X
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00179.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:54:43
KW  - Climate change
KW  - annual life cycle
KW  - bird migration
KW  - endogenous control
KW  - integrative biology
KW  - match-mismatch
KW  - microevolutionary change
KW  - phenology
KW  - phenotypic plasticity
KW  - population trends
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evidence of a chytrid fungus infection involved in the decline of the common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) in protected areas of central Spain
AU  - Bosch, Jaime
AU  - Martı́nez-Solano, Iñigo
AU  - Garcı́a-Parı́s, Mario
T2  - Biological Conservation
AB  - During the summers of 1997, 1998 and 1999 mass mortality episodes of post-metamorphic common midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans) occurred in a protected area in central Spain. The population suffered a sharp decline, disappearing from 86% of the ponds where they were known to reproduce some years ago. Scanning electron microscopy and histological techniques revealed the presence of a chytridiomycosis infection in the skin of the toads. This evidence supports chytridiomycosis as the most plausible cause of the decline of the species in the area. This is the first report of an apparent chytridium-caused amphibian decline in Europe.
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00132-4
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 97
IS  - 3
SP  - 331
EP  - 337
J2  - Biological Conservation
SN  - 0006-3207
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320700001324
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:32:54
KW  - chytridiomycosis
KW  - Decline
KW  - Midwife toad
KW  - Spain
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Biodiversity under threat in glacier-fed river systems
AU  - Jacobsen, Dean
AU  - Milner, Alexander M.
AU  - Brown, Lee E.
AU  - Dangles, Olivier
T2  - Nature Climate Change
AB  - Freshwater biodiversity is under threat across the globe, with climate change being a significant contributor. One impact of climate change is the rapid shrinking of glaciers, resulting in a reduction in glacial meltwater contribution to river flow in many glacierized catchments. These changes potentially affect the biodiversity of specialized glacier-fed river communities. Perhaps surprisingly then, although freshwater biodiversity is a major conservation priority, the effects of shrinkage and disappearance of glaciers on river biodiversity have hitherto been poorly quantified. Here we focus on macroinvertebrates (mainly insect larvae) and demonstrate that local (α) and regional (γ) diversity, as well as turnover among reaches (β-diversity), will be consistently reduced by the shrinkage of glaciers. We show that 11–38% of the regional species pools, including endemics, can be expected to be lost following complete disappearance of glaciers in a catchment, and steady shrinkage is likely to reduce taxon turnover in proglacial river systems and local richness at downstream reaches where glacial cover in the catchment is less than 5–30%. Our analysis demonstrates not only the vulnerability of local biodiversity hotspots but also that extinction will probably greatly exceed the few known endemic species in glacier-fed rivers.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1038/nclimate1435
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
SP  - 361
EP  - 364
J2  - Nature Climate Change
LA  - en
SN  - 1758-678X
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v2/n5/full/nclimate1435.html
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:50:28
KW  - ecology
KW  - Biodiversity and ecosystems
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Predicting species distribution: offering more than simple habitat models
AU  - Guisan, Antoine
AU  - Thuiller, Wilfried
T2  - Ecology Letters
AB  - In the last two decades, interest in species distribution models (SDMs) of plants and animals has grown dramatically. Recent advances in SDMs allow us to potentially forecast anthropogenic effects on patterns of biodiversity at different spatial scales. However, some limitations still preclude the use of SDMs in many theoretical and practical applications. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in this field, discuss the ecological principles and assumptions underpinning SDMs, and highlight critical limitations and decisions inherent in the construction and evaluation of SDMs. Particular emphasis is given to the use of SDMs for the assessment of climate change impacts and conservation management issues. We suggest new avenues for incorporating species migration, population dynamics, biotic interactions and community ecology into SDMs at multiple spatial scales. Addressing all these issues requires a better integration of SDMs with ecological theory.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00792.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 8
IS  - 9
SP  - 993
EP  - 1009
LA  - en
SN  - 1461-0248
ST  - Predicting species distribution
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00792.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/02/12:23:56
KW  - Dispersal
KW  - ecological niche theory
KW  - future projections
KW  - habitat suitability maps
KW  - Population dynamics
KW  - prediction errors
KW  - predictive biogeography
KW  - spatial scales
KW  - species distribution models
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Large-scale climatic signatures in lakes across Europe: a meta-analysis
AU  - Blenckner, Thorsten
AU  - Adrian, Rita
AU  - Livingstone, David M.
AU  - Jennings, Eleanor
AU  - Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
AU  - George, D. Glen
AU  - Jankowski, Thomas
AU  - Järvinen, Marko
AU  - Aonghusa, Caitriona Nic
AU  - Nõges, Tiina
AU  - Straile, Dietmar
AU  - Teubner, Katrin
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - Recent studies have highlighted the impact of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on water temperature, ice conditions, and spring plankton phenology in specific lakes and regions in Europe. Here, we use meta-analysis techniques to test whether 18 lakes in northern, western, and central Europe respond coherently to winter climate forcing, and to assess the persistence of the winter climate signal in physical, chemical, and biological variables during the year. A meta-analysis approach was chosen because we wished to emphasize the overall coherence pattern rather than individual lake responses. A particular strength of our approach is that time-series from each of the 18 lakes were subjected to the same robust statistical analysis covering the same 23-year period. Although the strongest overall coherence in response to the winter NAO was exhibited by lake water temperatures, a strong, coherent response was also exhibited by concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus and soluble reactive silicate, most likely as a result of the coherent response exhibited by the spring phytoplankton bloom. Lake nitrate concentrations showed significant coherence in winter. With the exception of the cyanobacterial biomass in summer, phytoplankton biomass in all seasons was unrelated to the winter NAO. A strong coherence in the abundance of daphnids during spring can most likely be attributed to coherence in daphnid phenology. A strong coherence in the summer abundance of the cyclopoid copepods may have been related to a coherent change in their emergence from resting stages. We discuss the complex nature of the potential mechanisms that drive the observed changes.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01364.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
SP  - 1314
EP  - 1326
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
ST  - Large-scale climatic signatures in lakes across Europe
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01364.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:24:34
KW  - nutrients
KW  - phytoplankton
KW  - climate variability
KW  - coherence
KW  - European lakes
KW  - meta-analysis
KW  - water temperature
KW  - zooplankton
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Stability of toxin gene proportion in red-pigmented populations of the cyanobacterium Planktothrix during 29 years of re-oligotrophication of Lake Zürich
AU  - Ostermaier, Veronika
AU  - Schanz, Ferdinand
AU  - Köster, Oliver
AU  - Kurmayer, Rainer
T2  - BMC Biology
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1186/1741-7007-10-100
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
SN  - 1741-7007
UR  - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/10/100
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:28:04
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change can cause spatial mismatch of trophically interacting species
AU  - Schweiger, Oliver
AU  - Settele, Josef
AU  - Kudrna, Otakar
AU  - Klotz, Stefan
AU  - Kühn, Ingolf
T2  - Ecology
AB  - Climate change is one of the most influential drivers of biodiversity. Species-specific differences in the reaction to climate change can become particularly important when interacting species are considered. Current studies have evidenced temporal mismatching of interacting species at single points in space, and recently two investigations showed that species interactions are relevant for their future ranges. However, so far we are not aware that the ranges of interacting species may become substantially spatially mismatched. We developed separate ecological-niche models for a monophagous butterfly (Boloria titania) and its larval host plant (Polygonum bistorta) based on monthly interpolated climate data, land-cover classes, and soil data at a 10′-grid resolution. We show that all of three chosen global-change scenarios, which cover a broad range of potential developments in demography, socio-economics, and technology during the 21st century from moderate to intermediate to maximum change, will result in a pronounced spatial mismatch between future niche spaces of these species. The butterfly may expand considerably its future range (by 124–258%) if the host plant has unlimited dispersal, but it could lose 52–75% of its current range if the host plant is not able to fill its projected ecological niche space, and 79–88% if the butterfly also is assumed to be highly dispersal limited. These findings strongly suggest that climate change has the potential to disrupt trophic interactions because co-occurring species do not necessarily react in a similar manner to global change, having important consequences at ecological and evolutionary time scales.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1890/07-1748.1
DP  - ESA Journals
VL  - 89
IS  - 12
SP  - 3472
EP  - 3479
J2  - Ecology
SN  - 0012-9658
UR  - http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/07-1748.1
Y2  - 2013/09/03/19:00:14
KW  - biotic interactions
KW  - Boloria titania
KW  - butterflies
KW  - climate envelope modeling
KW  - ecological-niche modeling
KW  - European species-distribution data
KW  - Global change
KW  - host plants
KW  - Polygonum bistorta
KW  - range shift
KW  - species interactions
KW  - trophic interactions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impacts of Climate Change on Aquatic Ecosystem Functioning and Health1
AU  - Meyer, Judy L.
AU  - Sale, Michael J.
AU  - Mulholland, Patrick J.
AU  - Poff, N. LeRoy
T2  - JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
AB  - ABSTRACT: We review published analyses of the effects of climate change on goods and services provided by freshwater ecosystems in the United States. Climate-induced changes must be assessed in the context of massive anthropogenic changes in water quantity and quality resulting from altered patterns of land use, water withdrawal, and species invasions; these may dwarf or exacerbate climate-induced changes. Water to meet instream needs is competing with other uses of water, and that competition is likely to be increased by climate change. We review recent predictions of the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems in eight regions of North America. Impacts include warmer temperatures that alter lake mixing regimes and availability of fish habitat; changed magnitude and seasonality of runoff regimes that alter nutrient loading and limit habitat availability at low flow; and loss of prairie pothole wetlands that reduces waterfowl populations. Many of the predicted changes in aquatic ecosystems are a consequence of climatic effects on terrestrial ecosystems; shifts in riparian vegetation and hydrology are particularly critical. We review models that could be used to explore potential effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems; these include models of instream flow, bioenergetics models, nutrient spiraling models, and models relating riverine food webs to hydrologic regime. We discuss potential ecological risks, benefits, and costs of climate change and identify information needs and model improvements that are required to improve our ability to predict and identify climate change impacts and to evaluate management options.
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04222.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
SP  - 1373
EP  - 1386
LA  - en
SN  - 1752-1688
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04222.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:04:07
KW  - Climate change
KW  - water temperature
KW  - anthropogenic change
KW  - aquatic ecosystems
KW  - instream flow
KW  - riparian zones
KW  - surface water hydrology
KW  - water quality
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ongoing invasions of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis: a global review
AU  - Measey, G. J.
AU  - Rödder, D.
AU  - Green, S. L.
AU  - Kobayashi, R.
AU  - Lillo, F.
AU  - Lobos, G.
AU  - Rebelo, R.
AU  - Thirion, J.-M.
T2  - Biological Invasions
AB  - We conducted a literature review on the current status of all known extralimital populations of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, to identify commonality in invasion pathways, lag between discovery and introduction, and whether old populations are in decline. Further, we investigated which locations are vulnerable to future establishment using geospatial data (1,075 native and 124 invasive records) in a Maxent model developed with data from the Worldclim database. We found introductions of X. laevis to be continuous over the last 50 years and invasions to be ongoing on four continents: Asia, Europe, North and South America. Invasion pathways were related to scientific use and the pet trade, with high rates of deliberate release followed by a lag of 2–25 years to first reports. No populations were found to be declining although some have been extirpated. Optimal uninvaded bioclimatic space was identified in central Mexico and southern Australia, while larger suitable areas were found in southern South America and southwestern Europe. Xenopus laevis is a cryptic invasive species that is likely to increase its invasive distribution, through new introductions and by the spread of ongoing invasions. Many more invasive populations are likely to exist than are currently recognised and reducing invasive potential will largely rely on education of those involved with their captive care.
DA  - 2012/11/01/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s10530-012-0227-8
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 14
IS  - 11
SP  - 2255
EP  - 2270
J2  - Biol Invasions
LA  - en
SN  - 1387-3547, 1573-1464
ST  - Ongoing invasions of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-012-0227-8
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:12:34
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - ecology
KW  - species distribution model
KW  - amphibians
KW  - chytridiomycosis
KW  - Detection lag
KW  - developmental biology
KW  - Freshwater & Marine Ecology
KW  - Invasion pathways
KW  - Xenopus laevis
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The potential effects of global climate change on microalgal photosynthesis, growth and ecology
AU  - Beardall, John
AU  - Raven, John A.
T2  - Phycologia
DA  - 2004/01//
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.2216/i0031-8884-43-1-26.1
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
SP  - 26
EP  - 40
SN  - 0031-8884
UR  - http://phycologia.org/doi/abs/10.2216/i0031-8884-43-1-26.1
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:21:52
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The subfamily Drusinae (Insecta: Trichoptrea) in Central Europe. Taxonomy-Ecology-Phylogenetics.
AU  - Graf, W.
AU  - Waringer, J.
AU  - Pauls, S.
T2  - Abstracts: Entomologentagung 2007
T3  - Suppl.
CY  - Innsbruck
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
VL  - Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Verein Innsbruck
SP  - 62
EP  - 63
PB  - Universitätsverlag Wagner
SN  - 978-3-7030-0428-5
UR  - http://www.uvw.at/artikel/detail.php?id=17&gruppenid=31
N1  - <div style="font-size: 13.36px; font-family: serif; left: 66.6401px; top: 565.599px; transform: scale(1.00232, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Cite as: Author(s) (2007): Title. – Ber. Nat.-med. Verein Innsbruck, Suppl. 17, page No</div>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Treeline shifts in the Ural mountains affect soil organic matter dynamics
AU  - Kammer, Adrian
AU  - Hagedorn, Frank
AU  - Shevchenko, Ilya
AU  - Leifeld, Jens
AU  - Guggenberger, Georg
AU  - Goryacheva, Tamara
AU  - Rigling, Andreas
AU  - Moiseev, Pavel
T2  - Global Change Biology
DA  - 2009/06//
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01856.x
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
SP  - 1570
EP  - 1583
SN  - 13541013, 13652486
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01856.x
Y2  - 2013/09/04/11:51:47
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The geographic range: size, shape, boundaries, and internal structure
AU  - Brown, James H.
AU  - Stevens, George C.
AU  - Kaufman, Dawn M.
T2  - Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
DA  - 1996///
PY  - 1996
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 27
SP  - 597
EP  - 623
ST  - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.
UR  - http://www.jstor.org/stable/i310057
Y2  - 2013/09/01/16:18:43
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - A new model for the continuum concept
AU  - Austin, M. P.
AU  - Smith, T. M.
T2  - Progress in theoretical vegetation science. Advances in vegetation science
A2  - Grabherr, G
A2  - Mucina, L.
A2  - Dale, M.B.
A2  - Ter Braak, C.J.F.
T3  - 11
CY  - Netherlands
DA  - 1990///
PY  - 1990
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 35
EP  - 47
PB  - Springer
SN  - 978-94-010-7363-9
UR  - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-1934-1_4
Y2  - 2013/09/01/16:17:10
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Alpine flora dynamics - a critical review of responses to climate change in the Swedish Scandes since the early 1950s
AU  - Kullman, Leif
T2  - Nordic Journal of Botany
DA  - 2010/08//
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2010.00812.x
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
SP  - 398
EP  - 408
SN  - 0107055X
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2010.00812.x
Y2  - 2013/09/04/11:58:16
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Oscillatoria princeps Vauch. (Cyanophycae) im Ossiacher See
AU  - Fresner, Roswitha
AU  - Schulz, Lsielotte
AU  - Mairitsch, Maria
T2  - Carinthia II
A2  - Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein für Kärnten
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
VL  - 188/108. Jahrgang
SP  - 531
EP  - 534
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Pilze schützem und fördern. Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt WSL, Birmensdorf, Schweiz.
AU  - Senn-Irlet, Beatrice
AU  - Egli, S.
AU  - Boujonm, C.
AU  - Küchler, H.
AU  - Küffer, N.
AU  - Neukom, H.-P.
AU  - Roth, J.-J.
T2  - Merkblatt für die Praxis
CY  - Birmensdorf, Schweiz
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
SP  - 12
PB  - Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL
SN  - 49
UR  - http://www.wsl.ch/dienstleistungen/publikationen/pdf/12094.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/08/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Increasing storm damage to forests in Switzerland from 1858 to 2007
AU  - Usbeck, T.
AU  - Wohlgemuth, T.
AU  - Dobbertin, M.
AU  - Pfister, C.
AU  - Bürgi, A.
AU  - Rebetez, M.
T2  - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 150
SP  - 47
EP  - 55
UR  - http://www.risknat.org/projets/alpes-climat-risques/pages/etudes/usbeck&al_2010.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Making sense of apparently conflicting data: Stress and immunity in swine and cattle
AU  - Salak-Johnson, J.L.
AU  - McGlone, J.J.
T2  - Journal of Animal Science
DA  - 2007/03/01/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.2527/jas.2006-538
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 85
IS  - 13 Suppl.
SP  - E81
EP  - E88
SN  - 0021-8812, 1525-3163
ST  - Making sense of apparently conflicting data
UR  - http://www.journalofanimalscience.org/content/85/13_suppl/E81
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:01:43
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Variability and ecology of the alpine dwarf shrub community Loiseleurio-Cetrarietum
AU  - Grabherr, Georg
T2  - Vegetatio
DA  - 1980///
PY  - 1980
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
SP  - 111
EP  - 120
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00121424
Y2  - 2013/09/03/14:08:59
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Potential impact of climate change on selected agricultural crops in north-eastern Austria
AU  - Alexandrov, Vesselin
AU  - Eitzinger, Josef
AU  - Cajic, Vesna
AU  - Oberforster, Michael
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - The vulnerability and adaptation of major agricultural crops to various soils in north-eastern Austria under a changing climate were investigated. The CERES crop model for winter wheat and the CROPGRO model for soybean were validated for the agrometeorological conditions in the selected region. The simulated winter wheat and soybean yields in most cases agreed with the measured data. Several incremental and transient global circulation model (GCM) climate change scenarios were created and used in the study. In these scenarios, annual temperatures in the selected region are expected to rise between 0.9 and 4.8 °C from the 2020s to the 2080s. The results show that warming will decrease the crop-growing duration of the selected crops. For winter wheat, a gradual increase in air temperature resulted in a yield decrease. Incremental warming, especially in combination with an increase in precipitation, leads to higher soybean yield. A drier climate will reduce soybean yield, especially on soils with low water storage capacity. All transient GCM climate change scenarios for the 21st century, including the adjustment for only air temperature, precipitation and solar radiation, projected reductions of winter wheat yield. However, when the direct effect of increased levels of CO2 concentration was assumed, all GCM climate change scenarios projected an increase in winter wheat yield in the region. The increase in simulated soybean yield for the 21st century was primarily because of the positive impact of warming and especially of the beneficial influence of the direct CO2 effect. Changes in climate variability were found to affect winter wheat and soybean yield in various ways. Results from the adaptation assessments suggest that changes in sowing date, winter wheat and soybean cultivar selection could significantly affect crop production in the 21st century.
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00484.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
SP  - 372
EP  - 389
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00484.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/06/06:39:14
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Wheat
KW  - DSSAT
KW  - GCMs
KW  - soybean
KW  - vulnerability
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Multiple stressors on biotic interactions: how climate change and alien species interact to affect pollination
AU  - Schweiger, Oliver
AU  - Biesmeijer, Jacobus C.
AU  - Bommarco, Riccardo
AU  - Hickler, Thomas
AU  - Hulme, Philip E.
AU  - Klotz, Stefan
AU  - Kühn, Ingolf
AU  - Moora, Mari
AU  - Nielsen, Anders
AU  - Ohlemüller, Ralf
AU  - Petanidou, Theodora
AU  - Potts, Simon G.
AU  - Pyšek, Petr
AU  - Stout, Jane C.
AU  - Sykes, Martin T.
AU  - Tscheulin, Thomas
AU  - Vilà, Montserrat
AU  - Walther, Gian-Reto
AU  - Westphal, Catrin
AU  - Winter, Marten
AU  - Zobel, Martin
AU  - Settele, Josef
T2  - Biological Reviews
AB  - Global change may substantially affect biodiversity and ecosystem functioning but little is known about its effects on essential biotic interactions. Since different environmental drivers rarely act in isolation it is important to consider interactive effects. Here, we focus on how two key drivers of anthropogenic environmental change, climate change and the introduction of alien species, affect plant–pollinator interactions. Based on a literature survey we identify climatically sensitive aspects of species interactions, assess potential effects of climate change on these mechanisms, and derive hypotheses that may form the basis of future research. We find that both climate change and alien species will ultimately lead to the creation of novel communities. In these communities certain interactions may no longer occur while there will also be potential for the emergence of new relationships. Alien species can both partly compensate for the often negative effects of climate change but also amplify them in some cases. Since potential positive effects are often restricted to generalist interactions among species, climate change and alien species in combination can result in significant threats to more specialist interactions involving native species.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00125.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 85
IS  - 4
SP  - 777
EP  - 795
LA  - en
SN  - 1469-185X
ST  - Multiple stressors on biotic interactions
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00125.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:58:37
KW  - Global change
KW  - species interactions
KW  - competition
KW  - ecosystem services
KW  - biological invasions
KW  - ecosystem functions
KW  - higher order effects
KW  - multiple drivers
KW  - pollination
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Physiological Plant Ecology - Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups
AU  - Larcher, Walter
AB  - From the reviews of the 3rd edition: "The textbook of Walter Larcher (...) belongs certainly to the most successful manuals that ever existed." (Photosynthetica, Czech Republic)"(...) it continues to be one of the major texts in ...
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DP  - www.springer.com
ET  - 4th ed.
SP  - 513
LA  - English
PB  - Springer
SN  - 978-3-540-43516-7
UR  - http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/ecology/book/978-3-540-43516-7
Y2  - 2013/10/30/09:11:30
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - ecology
KW  - Physiological Plant Ecology - Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Hydrurus foetidus (Chromista, Chrysophyceae): A large freshwater chromophyte alga in laboratory culture
AU  - Klaveness, Dag
AU  - Lindstrøm, Eli-Anne
T2  - Phycological Research
AB  - The psychrophilic freshwater alga Hydrurus foetidus (Villars) Trevisan has previously resisted laboratory culturing in liquid media. We investigated the use of microbiological techniques adapted to specific requirement for low temperature and high turbulence of the alga. We found that successful culturing required cleaning steps, where pieces of the alga were dissected out and plated on agar under cold conditions. From here, unialgal colonies could be isolated and inoculated into liquid media under appropriate conditions. Turbulence, created by a laboratory shaker, is critical. Sufficient light (30–100 µmol m–2 s–1) and low temperature (here 2–3°C) are necessary. This rather common but highly under-investigated freshwater alga has potential for basic and applied research when available as laboratory cultures.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1111/j.1440-1835.2010.00606.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 59
IS  - 2
SP  - 105
EP  - 112
LA  - en
SN  - 1440-1835
ST  - Hydrurus foetidus (Chromista, Chrysophyceae)
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2010.00606.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:51:28
KW  - Periglacial
KW  - algal culture
KW  - freshwater alga
KW  - Hydrurus
KW  - psychrophile
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The influence of land-use practices and economics on plant species richness in meadows
AU  - Zechmeister, H.G
AU  - Schmitzberger, I
AU  - Steurer, B
AU  - Peterseil, J
AU  - Wrbka, T
T2  - Biological Conservation
DA  - 2003/12//
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00020-X
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 114
IS  - 2
SP  - 165
EP  - 177
SN  - 00063207
UR  - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000632070300020X
Y2  - 2013/09/03/09:26:43
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Annual and spatial variability of the beginning of growing season in Europe in relation to air temperature changes
AU  - Chmielewski, Frank-M.
AU  - Roetzer, T.
T2  - Climate Research
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.3354/cr019257
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
SP  - 257
EP  - 264
SN  - 0936-577X
UR  - http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/cr/v19/n3/p257-264/
Y2  - 2013/09/03/09:59:56
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Predicting future distributions of mountain plants under climate change: does dispersal capacity matter?
AU  - Engler, Robin
AU  - Randin, Christophe F.
AU  - Vittoz, Pascal
AU  - Czáka, Thomas
AU  - Beniston, Martin
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
AU  - Guisan, Antoine
T2  - Ecography
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
SP  - 34
EP  - 45
ST  - Predicting future distributions of mountain plants under climate change
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.05789.x/full
Y2  - 2013/09/03/15:34:42
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impacts of climate change and alternative adaptation options on winter wheat yield and water productivity in a dry climate in Central Europe
AU  - Thaler, S.
AU  - Eitzinger, J.
AU  - Trnka, M.
AU  - Dubrovsky, M.
T2  - The Journal of Agricultural Science
DA  - 2012/02/28/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1017/S0021859612000093
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 150
IS  - 05
SP  - 537
EP  - 555
SN  - 0021-8596, 1469-5146
UR  - http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0021859612000093
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:14:33
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - European Corn Borer life stage model: Regional estimates of pest development and spatial distribution under present and future climate
AU  - Trnka, M.
AU  - Muska, F.
AU  - Semerádová, D.
AU  - Dubrovskỳ, M.
AU  - Kocmánková, E.
AU  - Zalud, Z.
T2  - Ecological Modelling
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.04.014
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 207
IS  - 2
SP  - 61
EP  - 84
ST  - European Corn Borer life stage model
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380007002414
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:19:39
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Impacts of Europe's changing climate - 2008 indicator-based assessment
AU  - EEA
CY  - Copenhagen
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
LA  - English
PB  - EEA (European Environment Agency)
SN  - 4
UR  - http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/eea_report_2008_4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Coincidence of variation in yield and climate in Europe
AU  - Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo
AU  - Jauhiainen, Lauri
AU  - Trnka, Miroslav
AU  - Olesen, Jörgen E.
AU  - Calanca, Pierluigi
AU  - Eckersten, Henrik
AU  - Eitzinger, Josef
AU  - Gobin, Anne
AU  - Kersebaum, Kurt Christian
AU  - Kozyra, Jerzy
AU  - Kumar, Suresh
AU  - Marta, Anna Dalla
AU  - Micale, Fabio
AU  - Schaap, Ben
AU  - Seguin, Bernard
AU  - Skjelvag, Arne O.
AU  - Orlandini, Simone
T2  - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.09.006
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 139
IS  - 4
SP  - 483
EP  - 489
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880910002240
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:41:45
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Forest pathogens with higher damage potential due to climate change in Europe
AU  - La Porta, N.
AU  - Capretti, P.
AU  - Thomsen, I. M.
AU  - Kasanen, R.
AU  - Hietala, A. M.
AU  - Von Weissenberg, K.
T2  - Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology
AB  - Abstract Most atmospheric scientists agree that climate changes are going to increase the mean temperature in Europe with increased frequency of climatic extremes, such as drought, floods, and storms. Under such conditions, there is high probability that forests will be subject to increased frequency and intensity of stress due to climatic extremes. Therefore, impacts of climate change on forest health should be carefully evaluated. Given these assumptions, several fungal diseases on trees may become more devastating because of the following factors: (i) abiotic stresses, such as drought and flooding, are known to predispose trees to several pathogens; (ii) temperature and moisture affect pathogen sporulation and dispersal, and changes in climatic conditions are likely to favour certain pathogens; (iii) migration of pathogens triggered by climatic change may increase disease incidence or geographical range, when pathogens encounter new hosts and (or) new potential vectors; and (iv) new threats may appear either because of a change in tree species composition or because of invasive species. If infection success is dependent on temperature, higher mean temperatures may lead to more attacks. Pathogens that have been of importance in southern Europe may spread northward and also upward to mountains. Pathogens with evolutionary potential for greater damage should be identified to estimate the magnitude of the threat and to prepare for the changing conditions. A review of the above-mentioned cases is presented. Some priorities to improve the ability to predict impacts of climate change on tree diseases are discussed.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1080/07060661.2008.10540534
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
SP  - 177
EP  - 195
SN  - 0706-0661
UR  - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07060661.2008.10540534
Y2  - 2013/09/03/07:14:39
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Agroecosystem responses to combinations of elevated CO2, ozone, and global climate change
AU  - Fuhrer, Jürg
T2  - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
DA  - 2003/07//
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00125-7
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 97
IS  - 1-3
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
SN  - 01678809
UR  - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167880903001257
Y2  - 2013/09/03/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Infectious disease and amphibian population declines
AU  - Daszak, Peter
AU  - Cunningham, Andrew A.
AU  - Hyatt, Alex D.
T2  - Diversity and Distributions
AB  - Abstract. A series of recent papers have implicated pathogens and parasites in amphibian population declines. Here, we review evidence on the link between infectious disease and amphibian population declines. We conclude that available data provide the clearest link for the fungal disease amphibian chytridiomycosis, although other pathogens are also implicated. We suggest additional experimental and observational data that need to be collected to provide further support that these other pathogens are associated with declines. We suggest that, in common with many emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) of humans, domestic animals and other wildlife species, emergence of chytridiomycosis may be driven by anthropogenic introduction (pathogen pollution). Finally, we review a number of recent advances in the host–parasite ecology of chytridiomycosis that help explain its emergence and impact.
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00016.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 141
EP  - 150
LA  - en
SN  - 1472-4642
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00016.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:54:36
KW  - emerging diseases
KW  - Global change
KW  - amphibian declines
KW  - conservation medicine
KW  - pathogens
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Organic phosphate in UK rivers and its relevance to algal and bryophyte surveys
AU  - Whitton, Brian A.
AU  - Neal, Colin
T2  - Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology
AB  - Although the data on phosphate obtained in surveys are used to assess the distribution of river biota, the approach is flawed when the organisms use P fractions not included in routine analysis. This is especially important where aquatic phototrophs are partially or largely dependent on aqueous organic phosphate. This paper reports a study where the data are sufficient to assess the quantitative importance of organic phosphate in rivers in eastern UK. Filterable hydrolyzable phosphate-P (FHP) is used as a surrogate for organic phosphate, although FHP sometimes includes other P forms. Eighteen sites were sampled weekly for at least one, but mostly three years (2033 samples). The data are compared for mid- and lower-reach sites. FHP formed at least 20% TFP (total filterable phosphate-P) at 14 sites, with the percentage values higher at the more upstream and more northern sites. FHP exceeded 1000 μg.L−1 P in 32 mid- and 53 lower-reach records. The lower the TFP concentration, the higher the % FHP at both types of site. Five sites had over 25% of their records where FHP is likely to be especially important for growth of algae and bryophytes, based on FHP being >50 μg.L−1 P when TFP ≤200 μg.L−1 P. These include the upper site on River Swale, and other literature for this river indicates that FHP becomes increasingly important further upstream and even more so in tributary streams. FHP should be included in monitoring programmes for upland rivers, especially where the catchment includes peat-rich soils.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1051/limn/2010102
DP  - Cambridge Journals Online
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 10
UR  - http://www.limnology-journal.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8195050
KW  - Algae
KW  - monitoring
KW  - Organic phosphate
KW  - peat
KW  - Rivers
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Linking global warming to amphibian declines through its effects on female body condition and survivorship
AU  - Reading, C. J.
T2  - Oecologia
AB  - There is general consensus that climate change has contributed to the observed decline, and extinction, of many amphibian species throughout the world. However, the mechanisms of its effects remain unclear. A laboratory study in 1980–1981 in which temperate zone amphibians that were prevented from hibernating had decreased growth rates, matured at a smaller size and had increased mortality compared with those that hibernated suggested one possible mechanism. I used data from a field study of common toads (Bufo bufo) in the UK, between 1983 and 2005, to determine whether this also occurs in the field. The results demonstrated two pathways by which global warming may cause amphibian declines. First, there was a clear relationship between a decline in the body condition of female common toads and the occurrence of warmer than average years since 1983. This was paralleled by a decline in their annual survival rates with the relationship between these two declines being highly correlated. Second, there was a significant relationship between the occurrence of mild winters and a reduction in female body size, resulting in fewer eggs being laid annually. Climate warming can, therefore, act on wild temperate zone amphibians by deleteriously affecting their physiology, during and after hibernation, causing increased female mortality rates and decreased fecundity in survivors.
DA  - 2007/02/01/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1007/s00442-006-0558-1
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 151
IS  - 1
SP  - 125
EP  - 131
J2  - Oecologia
LA  - en
SN  - 0029-8549, 1432-1939
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00442-006-0558-1
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:48:12
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - Mortality
KW  - ecology
KW  - body size
KW  - Bufo bufo
KW  - Environmental temperatures
KW  - Hibernation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Modelling bark beetle disturbances in a large scale forest scenario model to assess climate change impacts and evaluate adaptive management strategies
AU  - Seidl, Rupert
AU  - Schelhaas, Mart-Jan
AU  - Lindner, Marcus
AU  - Lexer, Manfred J.
T2  - Regional Environmental Change
AB  - To study potential consequences of climate-induced changes in the biotic disturbance regime at regional to national scale we integrated a model of Ips typographus (L. Scol. Col.) damages into the large-scale forest scenario model EFISCEN. A two-stage multivariate statistical meta-model was used to upscale stand level damages by bark beetles as simulated in the hybrid forest patch model PICUS v1.41. Comparing EFISCEN simulations including the new bark beetle disturbance module against a 15-year damage time series for Austria showed good agreement at province level (R² between 0.496 and 0.802). A scenario analysis of climate change impacts on bark beetle-induced damages in Austria’s Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] forests resulted in a strong increase in damages (from 1.33 Mm³ a−1, period 1990–2004, to 4.46 Mm³ a−1, period 2095–2099). Studying two adaptive management strategies (species change) revealed a considerable time-lag between the start of adaptation measures and a decrease in simulated damages by bark beetles.
DA  - 2009/06/01/
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1007/s10113-008-0068-2
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 101
EP  - 119
J2  - Reg Environ Change
LA  - en
SN  - 1436-3798, 1436-378X
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10113-008-0068-2
Y2  - 2013/09/03/19:01:05
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Nature Conservation
KW  - Oceanography
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Geography (general)
KW  - Ips typographus
KW  - Natural disturbances
KW  - Regional/Spatial Science
KW  - Scaling
KW  - climatic change
KW  - geology
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Disproportional risk for habitat loss of high-altitude endemic species under climate change
AU  - Dirnböck, Thomas
AU  - Essl, Franz
AU  - Rabitsch, Wolfgang
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - The expected upward shift of trees due to climate warming is supposed to be a major threat to range-restricted high-altitude species by shrinking the area of their suitable habitats. Our projections show that areas of endemism of five taxonomic groups (vascular plants, snails, spiders, butterflies, and beetles) in the Austrian Alps will, on average, experience a 77% habitat loss even under the weakest climate change scenario (+1.8 °C by 2100). The amount of habitat loss is positively related with the pooled endemic species richness (species from all five taxonomic groups) and with the richness of endemic vascular plants, snails, and beetles. Owing to limited postglacial migration, hotspots of high-altitude endemics are situated in rather low peripheral mountain chains of the Alps, which have not been glaciated during the Pleistocene. There, tree line expansion disproportionally reduces habitats of high-altitude species. Such legacies of climate history, which may aggravate extinction risks under future climate change have to be expected for many temperate mountain ranges.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02266.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
SP  - 990
EP  - 996
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02266.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:58:25
KW  - tree line
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - ice age
KW  - climate history
KW  - extinction risk
KW  - hotspots
KW  - prediction
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Zur Biologie der Mistel
AU  - Nierhaus-Wunderwald, Dagmar
AU  - Lawrenz, P.
T2  - Merkblatt für die Praxis
CY  - Birmensdorf, Schweiz
DA  - 1997///
PY  - 1997
SP  - 8
M3  - Merkblätter zum Thema Forstschutz
PB  - Eidg. Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft WSL
SN  - 28
UR  - http://www.wsl.ch/fe/walddynamik/waldschutz/wsinfo/merkblaetter_DE
Y2  - 2013/11/07/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A regional impact assessment of climate and land-use change on alpine vegetation
AU  - Dirnböck, Thomas
AU  - Dullinger, Stefan
AU  - Grabherr, Georg
T2  - Journal of Biogeography
AB  - Aim Assessing potential response of alpine plant species distribution to different future climatic and land-use scenarios.Location Four mountain ranges totalling 150 km2 in the north-eastern Calcareous Alps of Austria.Methods Ordinal regression models of eighty-five alpine plant species based on environmental constraints and land use determining their abundance. Site conditions are simulated spatially using a GIS, a Digital Terrain Model, meteorological station data and existing maps. Additionally, historical records were investigated to derive data on time spans since pastures were abandoned. This was then used to assess land-use impacts on vegetation patterns in combination with climatic changes.Results A regionalized GCM scenario for 2050 (+ 0.65 °C, −30 mm August precipitation) will only lead to local loss of potential habitat for alpine plant species. More profound changes (+ 2 °C, −30 mm August precipitation; + 2 °C, −60 mm August precipitation) however, will bring about a severe contraction of the alpine, non-forest zone, because of range expansion of the treeline conifer Pinus mugo Turra and many alpine species will loose major parts of their habitat. Precipitation change significantly influences predicted future habitat patterns, mostly by enhancing the general trend. Maintenance of summer pastures facilitates the persistence of alpine plant species by providing refuges, but existing pastures are too small in the area to effectively prevent the regional extinction risk of alpine plant species.Main conclusions The results support earlier hypotheses that alpine plant species on mountain ranges with restricted habitat availability above the treeline will experience severe fragmentation and habitat loss, but only if the mean annual temperature increases by 2 °C or more. Even in temperate alpine regions it is important to consider precipitation in addition to temperature when climate impacts are to be assessed. The maintenance of large summer farms may contribute to preventing the expected loss of non-forest habitats for alpine plant species. Conceptual and technical shortcomings of static equilibrium modelling limit the mechanistic understanding of the processes involved.
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00839.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
SP  - 401
EP  - 417
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2699
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00839.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/04/07:31:48
KW  - European Alps
KW  - Alpine plants
KW  - generalized linear model
KW  - habitat distribution model
KW  - ordinal regression
KW  - vegetation modelling
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change
AU  - Gottfried, Michael
AU  - Pauli, Harald
AU  - Futschik, Andreas
AU  - Akhalkatsi, Maia
AU  - Barancok, Peter
AU  - Alonso, José Luis Benito
AU  - Coldea, Gheorghe
AU  - Dick, Jan
AU  - Erschbamer, Brigitta
AU  - Kazakis, George
AU  - Krajci, J.
AU  - Larsson, P.
AU  - Mallaun, M.
AU  - Michelsen, O.
AU  - Moiseev, M.
AU  - Moiseev, P.
AU  - Molau, U.
AU  - Merzouki, A.
AU  - Nagy, L.
AU  - Nakhutsrishvili, G.
AU  - Pedersen, B.
AU  - Pelino, G.
AU  - Puscas, M.
AU  - Rossi, G.
AU  - Stanisci, J.-P.
AU  - Theurillat
AU  - Tomaselli
AU  - Villar, L.
AU  - Vittoz, P.
AU  - Vogiatzakis, I.
AU  - Grabherr, G
T2  - Nature Climate Change Letter
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1038/nclimate1329
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 2
SP  - 111
EP  - 115
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v2/n2/full/nclimate1329.html
Y2  - 2013/09/03/14:04:45
KW  - ecology
KW  - Biodiversity and ecosystems
KW  - biology
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Potential impact of climate change on aquatic insects: A sensitivity analysis for European caddisflies (Trichoptera) based on distribution patterns and ecological preferences
AU  - Hering, Daniel
AU  - Schmidt-Kloiber, Astrid
AU  - Murphy, John
AU  - Lücke, Sofie
AU  - Zamora-Muñoz, Carmen
AU  - López-Rodríguez, Manuel Jesús
AU  - Huber, Thomas
AU  - Graf, Wolfram
T2  - Aquatic Sciences
AB  - We analysed the sensitivity of European Trichoptera (caddisfly) species to climate change impacts based on their distribution and ecological preferences, and compared the fraction of species potentially endangered by climate change between the European ecoregions. The study covers 23 European ecoregions as defined by Illies (1978). For 1134 Trichoptera species and subspecies, we coded 29 parameters describing biological and ecological preferences and distribution based on the evaluation of more than 1400 literature references. Five parameters served to describe the species’ sensitivity to climate change impacts: endemism, preference for springs, preference for cold water temperatures, short emergence period, and restricted ecological niches in terms of feeding types. Of the European Trichoptera species and subspecies, 47.9% are endemic, 23.1% have a strong preference for springs, 21.9% are cold stenothermic, 35.5% have a short emergence period, and 43.7% are feeding type specialists. The fraction of endemic species meeting at least one of the four other sensitivity criteria mentioned above is highest in the Iberic-Macaronesian Region (30.2% of all species), about 20% in several other south European ecoregions, and about 10% in high mountain ranges. In 15 out of 23 ecoregions (including all northern European and lowland ecoregions) the proportion is less than 3%. The high fraction of potentially endangered species in southern Europe is a result of speciation during the Pleistocene. Species having colonised northern Europe afterwards have generally a large geographical range and are mainly generalists and thus buffered against climate change impacts.
DA  - 2009/03/01/
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1007/s00027-009-9159-5
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 14
J2  - Aquat. Sci.
LA  - en
SN  - 1015-1621, 1420-9055
ST  - Potential impact of climate change on aquatic insects
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00027-009-9159-5
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:37:18
KW  - ecology
KW  - Freshwater & Marine Ecology
KW  - Oceanography
KW  - Life Sciences, general
KW  - Marine & Freshwater Sciences
KW  - cold-stenothermy
KW  - Ecoregions
KW  - endemism
KW  - feeding types
KW  - flight periods
KW  - springs
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Impacts of Climate Change on European Forests and Options for Adaptation
AU  - Lindner, Marcus
AU  - Garcia-Gonzalo, Jordi
AU  - Kolström, Marja
AU  - Green, Tim
AU  - Reguera, Ricardo
AU  - Maroschek, Michael
AU  - Seidl, Rupert
AU  - Lexer, Manfred J.
AU  - Netherer, Sigrid
AU  - Schopf, Axel
AU  - Kremer, Antoine
AU  - Delzon, Sylvain
AU  - Barbati, Anna
AU  - Marchetti, Marco
AU  - Corona, Piermaria
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
LA  - English
M3  - Report to the European Commissi on Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development
SN  - AGRI-2007-G4-06
UR  - http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/analysis/external/euro_forests/full_report_en.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Environmental determinants of vascular plant species richness in the Austrian Alps
AU  - Moser, Dietmar
AU  - Dullinger, Stefan
AU  - Englisch, Thorsten
AU  - Niklfeld, Harald
AU  - Plutzar, Christoph
AU  - Sauberer, Norbert
AU  - Zechmeister, Harald Gustav
AU  - Grabherr, Georg
T2  - Journal of Biogeography
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01265.x
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 32
IS  - 7
SP  - 1117
EP  - 1127
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01265.x/full
Y2  - 2013/09/03/14:59:57
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change, chytridiomycosis or condition: an experimental test of amphibian survival
AU  - Garner, Trenton W. J.
AU  - Rowcliffe, J. Marcus
AU  - Fisher, Matthew C.
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - Variation in climatic temperature is frequently cited as playing a powerful role in driving host/pathogen dynamics, and as a consequence future patterns of disease are predicted to change owing to global warming. However, the preponderance of data is correlative and few quantitative tests exist that dissect the relative effects of changing temperature on host and pathogen responses. In this study, we experimentally tested the effect overwintering temperature had on the susceptibility of a vertebrate ectothermic host, the common toad Bufo bufo, to infection and mortality caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We show that a ‘poor’ (warmer) overwintering regime increases the probability of infection, supporting the concept that the dynamics of infection are altered by changing environmental temperature profiles. We also show once established, the proliferation of Bd in the host was better in toadlets that experienced a ‘good’ (colder) winter. We find no relationship between survival and the different overwintering regimes or any consistent deleterious influence of disease on survival. Instead, survival is overwhelmingly predicted by measurements of condition (mass, mass lost over winter) that were not determined by overwintering temperature. We conclude that the survival of a cohort of overwintering toadlets is primarily driven by patterns of growth during the larval period rather than winter temperature or infectious disease.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02272.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
SP  - 667
EP  - 675
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
ST  - Climate change, chytridiomycosis or condition
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02272.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:22:24
KW  - Mortality
KW  - climate warming
KW  - Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
KW  - Bufo bufo
KW  - condition
KW  - host/parasite
KW  - infection
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The Impact of Climate Change on Lakes in Central Europe
AU  - Dokulil, Martin T.
AU  - Teubner, Katrin
AU  - Jagsch, Alfred
AU  - Nickus, Ulrike
AU  - Adrian, Rita
AU  - Straile, Dietmar
AU  - Jankowski, Thomas
AU  - Herzig, Alois
AU  - Padisák, Judit
T2  - The Impact of Climate Change on Lakes in Central Europe
A2  - George, Glen
T3  - Aquatic Ecology Series
AB  - In Europe, the effects of global warming are expected to be particularly acute in areas exposed to a more extreme continental climate. The climate change scenarios summarized in Chapter 2, this volume, suggest that the average summer temperatures in some areas of Central Europe could increase by as much as 6°C by 2071–2100. The associated projections for the rainfall give even more cause for concern with the reductions in some areas approaching 50% in summer. In this chapter we analyse impacts of changing weather conditions on lakes in Central Europe. Long-term data sets from a number of lakes are used to link measured variables to climate signals. Particular attention is paid to the lakes in the perialpine region which are known to be very sensitive to short-term changes in the weather (Psenner, 2003; Thompson et al., 2005). Here, the topography and the steep orography enhance the water cycle, and result in flooding, debris flows, avalanches, vertical plant migration etc. The Alps also form a barrier to the mass movement of air and are responsible for the sharp climatic divide between Atlantic, Continental and Mediterranean influences.
DA  - 2010/01/01/
PY  - 2010
DP  - link.springer.com
SP  - 387
EP  - 409
LA  - en
PB  - Springer Netherlands
SN  - 978-90-481-2944-7 978-90-481-2945-4
UR  - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-2945-4_20
Y2  - 2013/09/01/09:21:55
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Freshwater & Marine Ecology
KW  - Environmental Monitoring/Analysis
KW  - Marine & Freshwater Sciences
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sources of nitrous oxide emitted from European forest soils
AU  - Ambus, P.
AU  - Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S.
AU  - Butterbach-Bahl, K.
T2  - Biogeosciences
AB  - Forest ecosystems may provide strong sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is important for atmospheric chemical and radiative properties. Nonetheless, our understanding of controls on forest N2O emissions is insufficient to narrow current flux estimates, which still are associated with great uncertainties. In this study, we have investigated the quantitative and qualitative relationships between N-cycling and N2O production in European forests in order to evaluate the importance of nitrification and denitrification for N2O production. Soil samples were collected in 11 different sites characterized by variable climatic regimes and forest types. Soil N-cycling and associated production of N2O was assessed following application of 15N-labeled nitrogen. The N2O emission varied significantly among the different forest soils, and was inversely correlated to the soil C:N ratio. The N2O emissions were significantly higher from the deciduous soils (13 ng N2O-N cm-3 d-1) than from the coniferous soils (4 ng N2O-N cm-3 d-1). Nitrate (NO3-) was the dominant substrate for N2O with an average contribution of 62% and exceeding 50% at least once for all sites. The average contribution of ammonium (NH4+) to N2O averaged 34%. The N2O emissions were correlated with gross nitrification activities, and as for N2O, gross nitrification was also higher in deciduous soils (3.4 µg N cm-3 d-1) than in coniferous soils (1.1 µg N cm-3 d-1). The ratio between N2O production and gross nitrification averaged 0.67% (deciduous) and 0.44% (coniferous). Our study suggests that changes in forest composition in response to land use activities and global change may have implications for regional budgets of greenhouse gases. From the study it also became clear that N2O emissions were driven by the nitrification activity, although the N2O was produced per se mainly from denitrification. Increased nitrification in response to accelerated N inputs predicted for forest ecosystems in Europe may thus lead to increased greenhouse gas emissions from forest ecosystems.
DA  - 2006/03//
PY  - 2006
DP  - HAL Archives Ouvertes
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
SP  - 135
EP  - 145
LA  - Englisch
SN  - 1726-4170 (eISSN : 1726-4189)
UR  - http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00297548
Y2  - 2013/08/24/05:37:39
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Eutrophication and Climate Change: Present Situation and Future Scenarios
AU  - Dokulil, Martin T.
AU  - Teubner, Katrin
T2  - Eutrophication: causes, consequences and control
A2  - Ansari, Abid A.
A2  - Gill, Sarvajeet Singh
A2  - Lanza, Guy R.
A2  - Rast, Walter
AB  - Anthropogenic eutrophication still is a major threat to inland waters in large parts of the world although re-oligotrophication has largely progressed in several regions. Climate change now poses a new risk effectively endangering inland waters. Impacts of climate change on inland waters are already well documented and established. Direct effects are mainly through changes in temperature and associated physico-chemical alterations. Indirect effects mediated through processes such as extreme weather events in the catchment include increased nutrient loading among others. The combination of all impacts will lead to severe and significant changes in the physical structure and the biological configuration of the waters depending on future climate scenarios. Since water quality and quantity will be affected, concern is necessary. Possible adaptation and mitigation mechanisms are discussed.
DA  - 2011/01/01/
PY  - 2011
DP  - link.springer.com
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
LA  - en
PB  - Springer Netherlands
SN  - 978-90-481-9624-1 978-90-481-9625-8
ST  - Eutrophication and Climate Change
UR  - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-9625-8_1
Y2  - 2013/09/01/09:22:41
KW  - Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution
KW  - Eutrophication
KW  - Plant Ecology
KW  - Freshwater & Marine Ecology
KW  - Climate impacts
KW  - Rivers
KW  - Inland waters
KW  - Water Quality/Water Pollution
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Konsequenzen des Klimawandels für das Ertragspotenzial und den Wasserhaushalt landwirtschaftlicher Pflanzenproduktion
AU  - Eitzinger, J
AU  - Kubu, G.
AU  - Thaler, Sabina
T2  - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft in Österreich. Präsentation der aktuellen Studien
A2  - ÖWAV
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
SP  - 181
EP  - 191
PB  - Österreichischer Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaftsverband
SN  - 978-3-902084-79-8
UR  - http://www.oewav.at/Page.aspx?target=65710&mode=form&app=134598&edit=0&current=141564&view=134599&predefQuery=-1
Y2  - 2013/10/22/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital
AU  - Costanza, Robert
AU  - d'Arge, Ralph
AU  - de Groot, Rudolf
AU  - Farber, Stephen
AU  - Grasso, Monica
AU  - Hannon, Bruce
AU  - Limburg, Karin
AU  - Naeem, Shahid
AU  - O'Neill, Robert V.
AU  - Paruelo, Jose
AU  - Raskin, Robert G.
AU  - Sutton, Paul
AU  - van den Belt, Marjan
T2  - Nature
DA  - 1997/05/15/
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1038/387253a0
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 387
IS  - 6630
SP  - 253
EP  - 260
SN  - 0028-0836
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v387/n6630/
Y2  - 2013/09/01/09:32:19
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Niches, models, and climate change: assessing the assumptions and uncertainties
AU  - Wiens, John A
AU  - Stralberg, Diana
AU  - Jongsomjit, Dennis
AU  - Howell, Christine A
AU  - Snyder, Mark A
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 106
IS  - Supplement 2
SP  - 19729
EP  - 19736
J2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
SN  - 0027-8424
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/106/suppl.2/19729.short
N1  - The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:<br/>PB  - National Acad Sciences<br/>
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Klimawandel
AU  - Vittoz, P.
AU  - Cherix, D.
AU  - Gonseth, Y.
AU  - Lubini, V.
AU  - Maggini, R.
AU  - Zbinden, N.
AU  - Zumbach, S.
T2  - Wandel der Biodiversität in der Schweiz seit 1900 Ist die Talsohle erreicht?
A2  - Lachat, Thibault
A2  - Pauli, Daniela
A2  - Gonseth, Yves
A2  - Gregor, Klaus
A2  - Scheidegger, Christoph
A2  - Vittoz, Pascal
A2  - Walter, Thomas
T3  - Zürich, Bristolstiftung
CY  - Bern, Stuttgart, Wien
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
ET  - 1
SP  - 350
EP  - 377
PB  - Haupt
SV  - 25
UR  - http://www.haupt.ch/verlag/NATUR/Gesamtverzeichnis/Umwelt-Oekologie/Wandel-der-Biodiversitaet-in-der-Schweiz-seit-1900.html
N1  - <p>Zitierung einz. Kap.</p>
<p>Vittoz P, Cherix D, Gonseth Y, Lubini V, Maggini R, Zbinden N, Zumbach S (2010) Klimawandel. In: Lachat T, Pauli D, Gonseth Y, Klaus G, Scheidegger C, Vittoz P, Walter T (Red.) Wandel der Biodiversität in der Schweiz seit 1900. Ist die Talsohler erreicht? Zürich, Bristol-Stifutng; Bern, Stuttgart, Wien, Haupt. S. 350-377</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dragonflies and climatic change - recent trends in Germany and Europe
AU  - Ott, Jürgen
T2  - BIORISK – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Risk Assessment
DA  - 2010/12/30/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.3897/biorisk.5.857
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 5
SP  - 253
EP  - 286
SN  - 1313-2652, 1313-2644
UR  - http://www.pensoft.net/journals/biorisk/article/857/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:24:44
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Potential impact of climate change on vegetation in the European Alps: a review
AU  - Theurillat, Jean-Paul
AU  - Guisan, Antoine
T2  - Climatic change
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1023/A:1010632015572
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 50
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 77
EP  - 109
ST  - Potential impact of climate change on vegetation in the European Alps
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1010632015572
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:25:22
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Inter- and intraspecific differences in climatically mediated phenological change in coexisting Triturus species
AU  - Chadwick, Elizabeth A.
AU  - Slater, Frederick M.
AU  - Ormerod, S. J.
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - Climate and weather affect phenological events in a wide range of taxa, and future changes might disrupt ecological interactions. Amphibians are particularly sensitive to climate, but few studies have addressed climatically mediated change in the phenology of closely related species or sexes. Here, we test the hypothesis that changes in spring temperatures result in phenological change among Triturus, and we examine inter- and intraspecific differences in response. Coexisting populations of Triturus helveticus and Triturus vulgaris at Llysdinam pond in mid-Wales (53°12′59″N 3°27′3″W) were monitored using pitfall traps along a drift fence during 1981–1987, and again in 1997–2005. Spring temperature over the same period explained up to 74% of between-year variability in median arrival date, with a significant advance of 2–5 days with every degree centigrade increase. Changes were greater for males than females of both species, and greater for T. helveticus than T. vulgaris within sexes, resulting in an increasing temporal separation between arrivals of male T. helveticus and all other groups. These data illustrate for the first time how climatic change might have differential effects on sympatric species and on the two sexes.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01156.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
SP  - 1069
EP  - 1078
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01156.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:42:46
KW  - Climate change
KW  - phenology
KW  - amphibian
KW  - breeding
KW  - migration
KW  - newt
KW  - phenological asynchrony
KW  - Triturus helveticus
KW  - Triturus vulgaris
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Landwirtschaft
AU  - Fuhrer, J.
AU  - Calanca, Pierluigi
AU  - Defila, Claudio
AU  - Forrer, Hans-Rudol
AU  - Lehmann, Bernard
AU  - Luder, Werner
AU  - Müller-Ferch, Gabriele
AU  - Münger, Andreas
AU  - Sonnevelt, Martijn
AU  - Uebersax, Annelies
T2  - Klimaänderung und die Schweiz 2050. Erwartete Auswirkungen auf Umwelt, Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft
A2  - OcCC/ProClim
CY  - Bern
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
SP  - 41
EP  - 53
UR  - http://proclimweb.scnat.ch/Products/ch2050/ch2050-bericht_d.html
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Controls on growth and productivity of bryophytes: environmental limitations under current and anticipated conditions
AU  - Sveinbjörnsson, B.
AU  - Oechel, W. C.
T2  - Bryophytes and Lichens in a Changing Environment
A2  - Bates, Jeffrey W.
A2  - Farmer, Andrew M.
T3  - Oxford Science Publications
CY  - USA
DA  - 1992///
PY  - 1992
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 77
EP  - 102
LA  - English
PB  - Oxford University Press
SN  - 0-19-854291-7 978-0-19-854291-9
ST  - Controls on growth and productivity of bryophytes
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity: Biodiversity and climate change
AU  - Bellard, Céline
AU  - Bertelsmeier, Cleo
AU  - Leadley, Paul
AU  - Thuiller, Wilfried
AU  - Courchamp, Franck
T2  - Ecology Letters
DA  - 2012/04//
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01736.x
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
SP  - 365
EP  - 377
SN  - 1461023X
ST  - Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01736.x
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:21:23
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The effect of temperature on the in vitro transcriptase reaction of bluetongue virus, epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus and African horsesickness virus.
AU  - Van Dijk, A. A.
AU  - Huismans, H.
T2  - The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
DA  - 1982///
PY  - 1982
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
SP  - 227
EP  - 232
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6308533
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:22:55
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Riding the Wave: Reconciling the Roles of Disease and Climate Change in Amphibian Declines
AU  - Lips, Karen R.
AU  - Diffendorfer, Jay
AU  - Mendelson, Joseph R.
AU  - Sears, Michael W.
T2  - PLoS Biology
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060072
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SN  - 1544-9173, 1545-7885
ST  - Riding the Wave
UR  - http://www.plosbiology.org/article/metrics/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0060072;jsessionid=991CF39FEDC69CF92426EC914E6624C8
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:09:49
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern
AU  - Menzel, Annette
AU  - Sparks, Tim H.
AU  - Estrella, Nicole
AU  - Koch, Elisabeth
AU  - Aasa, Anto
AU  - Ahas, Rein
AU  - Alm-KüBler, Kerstin
AU  - Bissolli, Peter
AU  - Braslavská, Ol'Ga
AU  - Briede, Agrita
AU  - Chmielewski, Frank M.
AU  - Crepinsek, Zalika
AU  - Curnel, Yannick
AU  - Dahl, AslöG
AU  - Defila, Claudio
AU  - Donnelly, Alison
AU  - Filella, Yolanda
AU  - Jatczak, Katarzyna
AU  - Måge, Finn
AU  - Mestre, Antonio
AU  - Nordli, øYvind
AU  - Peñuelas, Josep
AU  - Pirinen, Pentti
AU  - Remišová, Viera
AU  - Scheifinger, Helfried
AU  - Striz, Martin
AU  - Susnik, Andreja
AU  - Van Vliet, Arnold J. H.
AU  - Wielgolaski, Frans-Emil
AU  - Zach, Susanne
AU  - Zust, Ana
T2  - Global Change Biology
DA  - 2006/10//
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
SP  - 1969
EP  - 1976
SN  - 1354-1013, 1365-2486
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:29:04
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Consequences of climate change on the tree of life in Europe
AU  - Thuiller, Wilfried
AU  - Lavergne, Sébastien
AU  - Roquet, Cristina
AU  - Boulangeat, Isabelle
AU  - Lafourcade, Bruno
AU  - Araujo, Miguel B.
T2  - Nature
AB  - Many species are projected to become vulnerable to twenty-first-century climate changes, with consequent effects on the tree of life. If losses were not randomly distributed across the tree of life, climate change could lead to a disproportionate loss of evolutionary history. Here we estimate the consequences of climate change on the phylogenetic diversities of plant, bird and mammal assemblages across Europe. Using a consensus across ensembles of forecasts for 2020, 2050 and 2080 and high-resolution phylogenetic trees, we show that species vulnerability to climate change clusters weakly across phylogenies. Such phylogenetic signal in species vulnerabilities does not lead to higher loss of evolutionary history than expected with a model of random extinctions. This is because vulnerable species have neither fewer nor closer relatives than the remaining clades. Reductions in phylogenetic diversity will be greater in southern Europe, and gains are expected in regions of high latitude or altitude. However, losses will not be offset by gains and the tree of life faces a trend towards homogenization across the continent.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1038/nature09705
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 470
IS  - 7335
SP  - 531
EP  - 534
J2  - Nature
LA  - en
SN  - 0028-0836
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v470/n7335/abs/nature09705.html
Y2  - 2013/09/03/19:10:22
KW  - ecology
KW  - evolution
KW  - environmental science
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The effect of temperature on food poisoning: a time-series analysis of salmonellosis in ten European countries
AU  - Kovats, R. S.
AU  - Edwards, S. J.
AU  - Hajat, S.
AU  - Armstrong, B. G.
AU  - Ebi, K. L.
AU  - Menne, B.
T2  - Epidemiology and Infection
DA  - 2004/06//
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1017/S0950268804001992
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 132
IS  - 3
SP  - 443
EP  - 453
SN  - 0950-2688, 1469-4409
ST  - The effect of temperature on food poisoning
UR  - http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0950268804001992
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:08:17
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The impact of discharge change on physical instream habitats and its response to river morphology
AU  - Hauer, Christoph
AU  - Unfer, Günther
AU  - Holzmann, Hubert
AU  - Schmutz, Stefan
AU  - Habersack, Helmut
T2  - Climatic Change
DA  - 2012/07/18/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s10584-012-0507-4
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 116
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 827
EP  - 850
SN  - 0165-0009, 1573-1480
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-012-0507-4
Y2  - 2013/09/04/13:08:14
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Balancing biodiversity in a changing environment: extinction debt, immigration credit and species turnover
AU  - Jackson, Stephen T.
AU  - Sax, Dov F.
T2  - Trends in Ecology & Evolution
DA  - 2010/03//
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1016/j.tree.2009.10.001
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
SP  - 153
EP  - 160
SN  - 01695347
ST  - Balancing biodiversity in a changing environment
UR  - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169534709003164
Y2  - 2013/09/04/11:50:40
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Der CO2-Gaswechsel des immergrünen Zwergstrauches Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv. in Abhängigkeit von Strahlung, Temperatur, Wasserstreß und phänologischem Zustand
AU  - Grabherr, G
T2  - Photosynthetica
DA  - 1977///
PY  - 1977
VL  - 11
SP  - 302
EP  - 310
N1  - <p>Infos fehlen--</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Forest growth response to changing climate between 1961 and 1990 in Austria
AU  - Hasenauer, Hubert
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R
AU  - Schadauer, Klemens
AU  - Running, Steven W
T2  - Forest Ecology and Management
AB  - Using 30 years of climate records from 20 weather stations, we investigate the magnitude of temperature and precipitation change, and change in the length of the growing season between 1961 and 1990. Special attention is paid to the period between 1981 and 1990, because recent research suggests that, during this time span, forest productivity may have increased in the northern latitudes. In order to understand the importance of changes in climate on forest growth, we use the ecosystem model FOREST-BGC as a diagnostic tool to predict the annual net primary production (NPP). The results of our study indicate: no change in precipitation between 1961 and 1990; a significant (α = 0.05) increase in mean annual temperature of 0.72°C, mean annual minimum temperature (0.80°C), winter temperature (2.36°C) as well as an increase in the length of the temperature-controlled growing season by 11 days, resulting in a significant increase in diameter increment obtained from 1179 cores of Norway spruce across Austria. The trends in NPP are consistent with observed increment rates validating the use of biogeochemical modeling as a diagnostic tool to search for possible causes on changing environmental conditions.
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00010-9
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 122
IS  - 3
SP  - 209
EP  - 219
J2  - Forest Ecology and Management
SN  - 0378-1127
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112799000109
Y2  - 2013/09/02/12:24:43
N1  - <p>Cited By (since 1996): 51<br/>CODEN: FECMD<br/>References: Auer, I., Niederschlagsschwankungen in Österreich seit Beginn der instrumentellen Beobachtungen durch die Zentralanstalt für Meterologie und Geodynamamik (1993) In: Österreichische Beiträge Zu Meterologie und Geophysik, 7, p. 73. , Zentralanstalt für Meterologie und Geodynamik, Wien. Publ. No. 351; Auer, I., Böhm, R., Combined temperature-precipitation variations in Austria during the instrumental period (1994) Theor. Appl. Clim., 49, pp. 161-174; Becker, M., The role of climate on present and past vitality of sliver fir forests in the Vosges mountains of northeastern France (1989) Can. J. For. Res., 19, pp. 1110-1117; Böhm, R., Lufttemperaturschwankungen in Österreich seit 1775 (1992) In: Österreichische Beiträge Zu Meterologie und Geophysik, 5, p. 96. , Zentralanstalt für Meterologie und Geodynamik, Wien. Publ. No. 341; (1994) Forest Condition in Europe, p. 93. , European Commission Report EC-UN/ECE, Brussels, Geneva; (1994) Instruktionen für Die Feldarbeit der Österreichischen Forstinventur, p. 194. , Forstliche Budesversuchsanstalt Forstl. Budesversuchsanstalt Wien; Groisman, P.Y., Karl, T.R., Knight, R.W., Observed impact of snow cover on the heat balance and the rise of continental spring temperatures (1994) Science, 263, pp. 198-200; Jacoby, G.C., D'Arrigo, R.D., Davaajamts, T., Mongolian tree rings and 20th-century warming (1996) Science, 273, pp. 771-773; Johann, K., Eine neue Jahrringmeßanalge für Bohrkerne und Stammscheiben (1977) Forstachiv., 48 (10), pp. 204-206; Katzensteiner, K., Glatzel, G., Causes of magnesium deficiency in forest ecosystems (1998) Magnesium Deficiency in Forest Ecosystems, pp. 227-251. , In: Hüttl, R.F., Schaaf, W. (Eds.) Kluwer Academic Publisher, Doodrecht; Kauppi, P.E., Mielikäinen, K., Kuusela, K., Biomass and carbon budgets of European forests, 1971 to 1990 (1992) Science, 256, pp. 70-74; Keeling, C.D., Whorf, T.P., Wahlen, M., Van Der Plicht, J., Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980 (1995) Nature, 375, pp. 666-670; Killian, W., Müller, F., Starlinger, F., (1994) Die Forstlichen Wuchsgebiete Österreichs, 82, p. 60. , Berichte der Forstlichen Bundesversuchsanstalt Wien; Koch, E., Rudel, E., Mögliche Auswirkungen eines verstärkten Treibhauseffektes auf die Schneeverhältnisse in Österreich (1990) Wetter und Leben., 42, pp. 137-153; Menzel, A., Phänolgie von Waldbäumen unter sich ändernden Klimabedingungen - Auswertung der Beobachtungen in den Internationalen Phänologischen Gärten und Möglichkeiten der Modellierung von Phänodaten (1997) Forstl. Forschungsberichte München, 164, p. 147; Mohnl, H., Fluctuations of snow parameters in the mountainous region of Austria within the last 90 years (1991) Mitteilungsblatt des Hydrographischen Dienstes in Österreich, 65-66, pp. 264-268; Myneni, R.R., Keeling, C.D., Tucker, C.J., Asrar, G., Nemani, R.R., Increased activity on northern vegetation inferred from satellite-based vegetation index, atmospheric carbon dioxide, and temperature data (1997) Nature, 386, pp. 698-702; Neumann, M., Schadauer, K., Die Entwicklung des Zuwachses in Österreich an Hand von Bohrkernanalysen (1995) Algemeine Forst und Jagzeitschrift, 166, pp. 230-234; Pretzsch, H., Growth trends of forests in southern Germany (1996) Growth Trends in Europe, pp. 275-289. , In: Spiecker, H., Mielikäinen, K., Köhl, M., Skovsgaard, J.P. (Eds.) Springer Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg; Running, S.W., Nemani, R.R., Hungerford, R.D., Extrapolation of synoptic meteorological data in mountainous terrain and its use for simulating forest evapotranspiration and photosynthesis (1987) Can. J. For. Res., 17, pp. 472-483; Running, S.W., Coughlan, J.C., A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes (1988) Ecol. Model., 42, pp. 347-367; Running, S.W., Nemani, R.R., Regional hydrologic and carbon balance response of forests resulting from potential climate change (1991) Climate Change, 19, pp. 349-368; Schadauer, K., Growth trends in Austria (1996) Growth Trends in Europe, pp. 275-289. , In: Spiecker, H., K. Mielikäinen, Köhl, M., Skovsgaard, J.P. (Eds.) Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg; Schadauer, K., (1997) Oberhöhenbonität und Standort der Fichte Nach Daten der Österreichischen Forstinventur, p. 106. , Ph.D. Thesis. Universität für Bodenkultur Wien; Schieler, K., Schadauer, K., Zuwachs und Nutzung nach der Österreichischen Forstinventur 1986/90 (1993) Österr. Forstzeitung, 104 (4), pp. 22-23; Schieler, K., Büchsenmeister, R., Schadauer, K., (1995) Österreichische Forstinventur - Ergebnisse 1986/90, 92, p. 260. , Berichte der Forstlichen Bundesversuchsanstalt. Wien; Sommaruga-Wögrath, S., Koinig, K.A., Schmidt, R., Sommaruga, R., Tessadri, R., Psenner, R., Temperature effects on the acidity of remote Alpine lakes (1997) Nature, 387, pp. 64-67; Spiecker, H., Mielikäinen, K., Köhl, M., Skovsgaard, J.P., (1996) Growth Trends in Europe, p. 372. , Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg; Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Republik Österreich (1996) Österr. Stat. Zentralamt, p. 612. , Statistisches Jahrbuch; Vegetation/ecosystem modeling and analysis project: Comparing biogeography and biogeochemistry models in a continental-scale study of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change and CO2 doubling (1995) Global Biogeochem. Cycl., 9 (4), pp. 407-437. , VEMAP Members</p>
N1  - The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:<br/>Author Address: Institute of Forest Growth Research, Univ. F. Bodenkultur, Peter J., A-1190 Vienna, Austria Numer. Terradynamic Simulat. G., Sch. of Forest., Univ. of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States Austrian Fed. Forest Research Center, Seckendorff-Gudentweg 8, A-1131 Vienna, Austria Hasenauer, H. Institute of Forest Growth Research, Universitat fur Bodenkultur, Peter Jordan Str. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria email: hasenau@edv1.boku.ac.at<br/>
KW  - Climate change
KW  - FOREST-BGC model
KW  - Growth and yield
KW  - Growth trends
KW  - Norway spruce
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Bryophyte physiological processes in a changing climate: an overview
AU  - Tuba, Z.
T2  - Bryophyte Ecology and Climate Change
A2  - Tuba, Z.
A2  - Slack, N. G.
A2  - Stark, L. R.
CY  - Cambridge
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 13
EP  - 34
PB  - Cambridge University Press
ST  - Alpine bryophytes as indicators for climate change
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change may already threaten Scots pine stands in the Swiss Alps
AU  - Rebetez, M.
AU  - Dobbertin, M.
T2  - Theoretical and applied climatology
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1007/s00704-004-0058-3
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 79
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 1434-4483
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00704-004-0058-3
Y2  - 2013/09/03/15:06:20
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Technical support to EU strategy on invasive alien species (IAS) - Assessment of the impacts of IAS in Europe and the EU (final module report for the European Commission).
AU  - Kettunen, M.
AU  - Genovesi, P.
AU  - Gollasch, S.
AU  - Pagad, S.
AU  - Starfinger, U.
AU  - Ten Brink, P.
AU  - Shine, C.
CY  - Brussels
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 44
EP  - pp. + Annexes
PB  - Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)
SN  - Service contract No 070307/2007/483544/MAR/B2
UR  - http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/invasivealien/docs/Kettunen2009_IAS_Task%201.pdf
Y2  - 2013/10/24/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Temperature modulated effects of nutrients on phytoplankton changes in a mountain lake
AU  - Tolotti, Monica
AU  - Thies, Hansjörg
AU  - Nickus, Ulrike
AU  - Psenner, Roland
T2  - Hydrobiologia
AB  - Piburger See, a dimictic mountain lake in Austria, experienced moderate cultural eutrophication in the 1950s. Lake restoration led to a re-oligotrophication in the 1990s with a decrease in seasonal phytoplankton biovolume until the late 1990s, but a reversed trend from the early 2000s onwards. We hypothesize that recent changes in phytoplankton biomass and functional structure are triggered by changes in lake nitrogen and silica concentrations, and we expect climate-related factors to modulate the trophic status of Piburger See. Phytoplankton data were analyzed by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) applied on biovolume of morpho-functional groups, combined with correlation analyses of environmental variables. Since the 2000s, short-term changes in phytoplankton of Piburger See were explained by varying concentrations and ratios of nitrogen and silica, while the inter-annual variability in phytoplankton species composition was rather attributed to superimposed rising water temperature and lake thermal stability. Our results underline the co-dominant role of phosphorus and nitrogen as phytoplankton drivers in lakes that experience periods of nitrogen limitation. The combined impact of nutrients and climate on phytoplankton development can thus mimic short-term increases in the trophic level of less productive lakes.
DA  - 2012/11/01/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s10750-012-1146-5
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 698
IS  - 1
SP  - 61
EP  - 75
J2  - Hydrobiologia
LA  - en
SN  - 0018-8158, 1573-5117
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10750-012-1146-5
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:45:56
KW  - Climate change
KW  - nutrients
KW  - phytoplankton
KW  - ecology
KW  - Zoology
KW  - Freshwater & Marine Ecology
KW  - Morpho-functional groups
KW  - Mountain lakes
KW  - Multivariate analysis
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Environmental, energetic, and economic comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems
AU  - Pimentel, David
AU  - Hepperly, Paul
AU  - Hanson, James
AU  - Douds, David
AU  - Seidel, Rita
T2  - BioScience
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0573:EEAECO]2.0.CO;2
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 55
IS  - 7
SP  - 573
EP  - 582
UR  - http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0573:EEAECO]2.0.CO;2
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:48:14
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Natural disturbances in the European forests in the 19th and 20th centuries
AU  - Schelhaas, Mart-Jan
AU  - Nabuurs, Gert-Jan
AU  - Schuck, Andreas
T2  - Global Change Biology
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00684.x
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 9
IS  - 11
SP  - 1620
EP  - 1633
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00684.x/full
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:21:43
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Quantifying livestock responses for heat stress management: a review
AU  - Nienaber, J. A.
AU  - Hahn, G. L.
AU  - Eigenberg, R. A.
T2  - International Journal of Biometeorology
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
SP  - 183
EP  - 188
ST  - Quantifying livestock responses for heat stress management
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s004840050103
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:34:35
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Multiple disturbance interactions and drought influence fire severity in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests
AU  - Bigler, Christof
AU  - Kulakowski, Dominik
AU  - Veblen, Thomas T.
T2  - Ecology
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 86
IS  - 11
SP  - 3018
EP  - 3029
UR  - http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/05-0011
Y2  - 2013/09/03/15:08:59
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recent increases in species richness and shifts in altitudinal distributions of Norwegian mountain plants
AU  - Klanderud, Kari
AU  - Birks, H.J.B.
T2  - The Holocene
DA  - 2003/01/01/
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1191/0959683603hl589ft
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 14770911, 09596836
UR  - http://hol.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1191/0959683603hl589ft
Y2  - 2013/09/04/11:52:48
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Potential Future Ranges of Tree Species in the Alps
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
AU  - Jandl, Robert
AU  - Hanewinkel, Marc
AU  - Kunstler, Georges
AU  - Klling, Christian
AU  - Gasparini, Patrizia
AU  - Breznikar, Andrej
AU  - S., Eliane
AU  - Normand, Signe
AU  - Ulmer, Ulrich
AU  - Gschwandtner, Thomas
AU  - Veit, Holger
AU  - Naumann, Maria
AU  - Falk, Wolfgang
AU  - Mellert, Karl
AU  - Rizzo, Maria
AU  - Skudnik, Mitja
AU  - Psomas, Achilleas
T2  - Management Strategies to Adapt Alpine Space Forests to Climate Change Risks
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
DP  - CrossRef
PB  - InTech
SN  - 978-953-51-1194-8
UR  - http://www.intechopen.com/books/management-strategies-to-adapt-alpine-space-forests-to-climate-change-risks/potential-future-ranges-of-tree-species-in-the-alps
Y2  - 2013/11/09/04:25:27
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Nitrifiers and denitrifiers respond rapidly to changed moisture and increasing temperature in a pristine forest soil
AU  - Szukics, Ute
AU  - Abell, Guy C.J.
AU  - Hödl, Verania
AU  - Mitter, Birgit
AU  - Sessitsch, Angela
AU  - Hackl, Evelyn
AU  - Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie
T2  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
AB  - Complete cycling of mineral nitrogen (N) in soil requires the interplay of microorganisms performing nitrification and denitrification, whose activity is increasingly affected by extreme rainfall or heat brought about by climate change. In a pristine forest soil, a gradual increase in soil temperature from 5 to 25 °C in a range of water contents stimulated N turnover rates, and N gas emissions were determined by the soil water-filled pore space (WFPS). NO and N2O emissions dominated at 30% WFPS and 55% WFPS, respectively, and the step-wise temperature increase resulted in a threefold increase in the NO3− concentrations and a decrease in the NH4+ concentration. At 70% WFPS, NH4+ accumulated while NO3− pools declined, indicating gaseous N loss. AmoA- and nirK-gene-based analysis revealed increasing abundance of bacterial ammonia oxidizers (AOB) with increasing soil temperature and a decrease in the abundance of archaeal ammonia oxidizers (AOA) in wet soil at 25 °C, suggesting the sensitivity of the latter to anaerobic conditions. Denitrifier (nirK) community structure was most affected by the water content and nirK gene abundance rapidly increased in response to wet conditions until the substrate (NO3−) became limiting. Shifts in the community structure were most pronounced for nirK and most rapid for AOA, indicating dynamic populations, whereas distinct adaptation of the AOB communities required 5 weeks, suggesting higher stability.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00853.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
SP  - 395
EP  - 406
LA  - en
SN  - 1574-6941
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00853.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:16:53
KW  - nitrification
KW  - Denitrification
KW  - amoA
KW  - N2O emission
KW  - nirK
KW  - NO
KW  - qPCR
KW  - T-RFLP
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees
AU  - Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure
AU  - Marçais, Benoit
AU  - Nageleisen, Louis-Michel
AU  - Piou, Dominique
AU  - Vannini, Andrea
T2  - Annals of Forest Science
DA  - 2006/09/14/
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1051/forest:2006040
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 63
IS  - 6
SP  - 597
EP  - 612
SN  - 1286-4560, 1297-966X
UR  - http://www.afs-journal.org/articles/forest/abs/2006/06/f6061/f6061.html
Y2  - 2013/09/03/06:41:45
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reaktion der Reben auf den Klimawandel
AU  - Petgen, M.
T2  - Schweizerischen Zeitschrift für Obst-und Weinbau
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 9
IS  - 07
SP  - 6
EP  - 9
UR  - http://www.agroscope.admin.ch/publikationen/02121/02155/03554/index.html?pubkeywords=Reaktion+der+Reben+auf+den+Klimawandel&pubautor=Petgen&pubjahrvon=2007&pubjahrbis=&lang=de&pubsuche=Suchen&flexId=0_0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Temperature-dependent sex determination and global change: are some species at greater risk?
AU  - Hulin, Vincent
AU  - Delmas, Virginie
AU  - Girondot, Marc
AU  - Godfrey, Matthew H.
AU  - Guillon, Jean-Michel
T2  - Oecologia
AB  - In species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), global climate change may result in a strong sex ratio bias that could lead to extinction. The relationship between sex ratio and egg incubation at constant temperature in TSD species is characterized by two parameters: the pivotal temperature (P) and the transitional range of temperature that produces both sexes (TRT). Here, we show that the proportion of nests producing both sexes is positively correlated to the width of the TRT by a correlative approach from sex ratio data collected in the literature and by simulations of TSD using a mechanistic model. From our analyses, we predict that species with a larger TRT should be more likely to evolve in response to new thermal conditions, thus putting them at lower risk to global change.
DA  - 2009/06/01/
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1007/s00442-009-1313-1
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 160
IS  - 3
SP  - 493
EP  - 506
J2  - Oecologia
LA  - en
SN  - 0029-8549, 1432-1939
ST  - Temperature-dependent sex determination and global change
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00442-009-1313-1
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:41:41
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - global warming
KW  - ecology
KW  - Pivotal temperature
KW  - Sex ratio
KW  - Transitional range of temperature
KW  - Turtles
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Global warming and positive fitness response in mountain populations of common lizards Lacerta vivipara
AU  - Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon
AU  - Massot, Manuel
AU  - Aragón, Pedro
AU  - Clobert, Jean
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - Recent global warming threatens many species and has already caused population- and species-level extinctions. In particular, high risks of extinction are expected for isolated populations of species with low dispersal abilities. These predictions rely on widely used ‘climatic envelope’ models, while individual responses, the ultimate driver of a species response to climate change, have been most often neglected. Here, we report on some changes in life-history traits of a dispersal-limited reptile species (a poorly studied taxa) living in isolated populations. Using long-term data on common lizards collected in southern France, we show that individual body size dramatically increased in all the four populations studied over the past 18 years. This increase in body size in all age classes appeared related to a concomitant increase in temperature experienced during the first month of life (August). Daily maximum temperature in August increased by 2.2°C and yearling snout-vent-length increased by about 28%. As a result, adult female body size increased markedly, and, as fecundity is strongly dependent on female body size, clutch size and total reproductive output also increased. For one population where capture–recapture data were available, adult survival was positively related to May temperature. All fitness components investigated therefore responded positively to the increase in temperature, such that it might be concluded that the common lizard has been advantaged by the shift in temperature. We contrast these short-term results with the long-term habitat-based prediction that these populations located close to mountain tops on the southern margin of the species range should be unable to cope with the alteration of their habitat. To achieve a better prediction of a species persistence, one will probably need to combine both habitat and individual-based approaches.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01088.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
SP  - 392
EP  - 402
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01088.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:43:35
KW  - global warming
KW  - body size
KW  - fitness
KW  - life-history trade-offs
KW  - lizards
KW  - mountain habitat reproduction
KW  - survival
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Aktuelle Ansätze zur Modellierung der Auswirkungen von Klimaänderungen auf die biologische Vielfalt
AU  - Kühn, Ingoif
AU  - Vohland, Katrin
AU  - Badeck, Franz
AU  - Hanspach, Jan
AU  - Pompe, Sven
AU  - Klotz, Stefan
T2  - Natur und Landschaft
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 84
IS  - 1
SP  - 8
EP  - 12
UR  - http://www.natur-und-landschaft.de/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Klimahüllen für 27 Waldbaumarten
AU  - Kölling, Ch
T2  - AFZ/DerWald
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 62
IS  - 23
SP  - 1242
EP  - 1245
UR  - http://www.lwf.bayern.de/waldoekologie/standort-bodenschutz/veroeffentlichungen/34283/linkurl_2.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The influence of soil pH on the diversity, abundance and transcriptional activity of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria
AU  - Nicol, Graeme W.
AU  - Leininger, Sven
AU  - Schleper, Christa
AU  - Prosser, James I.
T2  - Environmental Microbiology
AB  - Autotrophic ammonia oxidation occurs in acid soils, even though laboratory cultures of isolated ammonia oxidizing bacteria fail to grow below neutral pH. To investigate whether archaea possessing ammonia monooxygenase genes were responsible for autotrophic nitrification in acid soils, the community structure and phylogeny of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea were determined across a soil pH gradient (4.9–7.5) by amplifying 16S rRNA and amoA genes followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequence analysis. The structure of both communities changed with soil pH, with distinct populations in acid and neutral soils. Phylogenetic reconstructions of crenarchaeal 16S rRNA and amoA genes confirmed selection of distinct lineages within the pH gradient and high similarity in phylogenies indicated a high level of congruence between 16S rRNA and amoA genes. The abundance of archaeal and bacterial amoA gene copies and mRNA transcripts contrasted across the pH gradient. Archaeal amoA gene and transcript abundance decreased with increasing soil pH, while bacterial amoA gene abundance was generally lower and transcripts increased with increasing pH. Short-term activity was investigated by DGGE analysis of gene transcripts in microcosms containing acidic or neutral soil or mixed soil with pH readjusted to that of native soils. Although mixed soil microcosms contained identical archaeal ammonia oxidizer communities, those adapted to acidic or neutral pH ranges showed greater relative activity at their native soil pH. Findings indicate that different bacterial and archaeal ammonia oxidizer phylotypes are selected in soils of different pH and that these differences in community structure and abundances are reflected in different contributions to ammonia oxidizer activity. They also suggest that both groups of ammonia oxidizers have distinct physiological characteristics and ecological niches, with consequences for nitrification in acid soils.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01701.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
SP  - 2966
EP  - 2978
LA  - en
SN  - 1462-2920
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01701.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:08:22
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Importance of organic phosphate hydrolyzed in stalks of the lotic diatom Didymosphenia geminata and the possible impact of atmospheric and climatic changes
AU  - Ellwood, N. T. W.
AU  - Whitton, B. A.
T2  - Hydrobiologia
AB  - The aquatic colonial stalked diatom, Didymosphenia geminata, has acquired notoriety in recent years because of huge increases in many rivers of temperate regions. However, in some streams in northern England it has probably or, in the case of the R. Coquet (Northumberland), certainly been abundant for many decades. The paper describes the nutrient environment and phosphatase activities of Didymosphenia in Stony Gill (N. Yorkshire), a fast-flowing stream draining an upland catchment with peaty soils overlying limestone. Organic phosphate formed 85% of the filtrable phosphate in the water during the study (January–August 2000), with a maximum in April. Colonies were most abundant in June, but had disappeared by August. Surface phosphomonoesterase (PMEase) and phosphodiesterase activities assayed from March to July showed low PMEase activity in early March, but otherwise both were high throughout the period and especially so in June and July. Use of BCIP-NBT staining procedure showed that PMEase activity occurred in the stalks. A more detailed study of colony structure and staining with material from the R. Coquet in June 2006 also showed marked PMEase activity, with staining localized in the upper part of the stalks and the cells remaining unstained. It is suggested that organic phosphate is hydrolyzed in the stalk and the inorganic phosphate passes to the cell via a central tube in the stalk. It seems likely that organic phosphate as a major P source is a key factor favouring the success of Didymosphenia. The possible impact of environmental changes in the catchment such as climatic warming, C loss from peat and atmospheric N deposition is discussed.
DA  - 2007/11/01/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1007/s10750-007-0728-0
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 592
IS  - 1
SP  - 121
EP  - 133
J2  - Hydrobiologia
LA  - en
SN  - 0018-8158, 1573-5117
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10750-007-0728-0
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:40:20
KW  - Climate change
KW  - ecology
KW  - Freshwater & Marine Ecology
KW  - Organic phosphate
KW  - Atmospheric N deposition
KW  - Catchment
KW  - Didymosphenia
KW  - Stalk, Phosphatase staining
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Die Pflanzengesellschaft Österreichs: Teil I: Anthropogene Vegetation. Teil II: Natürliche waldfreie Vegetation.Teil III: Wälder und Gebüsche
A3  - Mucina, L.
A3  - Grabherr, Georg
A3  - Ellmauer, Thomas
A3  - Wallnöfer
CY  - Jena, Stuttgart, New York
DA  - 1993///
PY  - 1993
VL  - 1,2,3
SP  - 1454
PB  - Verlag Gustav Fischer
SN  - 3-8274-0639-0 978-3-8274-0639-2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lakes as sentinels of climate change
AU  - Adrian, Rita
AU  - O'Reilly, Catherine M.
AU  - Zagarese, Horacio
AU  - Baines, Stephen B.
AU  - Hessen, Dag O.
AU  - Keller, Wendel
AU  - Livingstone, David M.
AU  - Sommaruga, Ruben
AU  - Straile, Dietmar
AU  - Van Donk, Ellen
AU  - Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
AU  - Winder, Monika
T2  - Limnology and Oceanography
AB  - While there is a general sense that lakes can act as sentinels of climate change, their efficacy has not been thoroughly analyzed. We identified the key response variables within a lake that act as indicators of the effects of climate change on both the lake and the catchment. These variables reflect a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological responses to climate. However, the efficacy of the different indicators is affected by regional response to climate change, characteristics of the catchment, and lake mixing regimes. Thus, particular indicators or combinations of indicators are more effective for different lake types and geographic regions. The extraction of climate signals can be further complicated by the influence of other environmental changes, such as eutrophication or acidification, and the equivalent reverse phenomena, in addition to other land-use influences. In many cases, however, confounding factors can be addressed through analytical tools such as detrending or filtering. Lakes are effective sentinels for climate change because they are sensitive to climate, respond rapidly to change, and integrate information about changes in the catchment.
DA  - 2009/11//
PY  - 2009
DP  - PubMed Central
VL  - 54
IS  - 6
SP  - 2283
EP  - 2297
J2  - Limnol Oceanogr
SN  - 0024-3590
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2854826/
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:20:20
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Alpine waters in the interplay of global change. Complex links – simple effects
AU  - Psenner, R.
T2  - Global Environmental Change in Alpine Regions: Recognition, Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation
A2  - Steininger, Karl W.
A2  - Weck-Hannemann, Hannelore
CY  - Cheltenham, U.K
DA  - 2002/01/01/
PY  - 2002
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 15
EP  - 40
LA  - en
PB  - Edward Elgar Publishing
SN  - 978-1-78254-325-1
KW  - Science / Earth Sciences / Meteorology & Climatology
KW  - Business & Economics / Economics / General
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Assessing the long-term dynamics of endemic plants at summit habitats
AU  - Pauli, H.
AU  - Gottfried, M.
AU  - Dirnböck, T.
AU  - Dullinger, S.
AU  - Grabherr, G.
T2  - Alpine Biodiversity in Europe
A2  - Nagy, Laszlo
A2  - Grabherr, Georg
A2  - Körner, Christian
A2  - Thompson, Desmond B.A.
T3  - Ecological Studies
CY  - Berlin Heidelberg
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 195
EP  - 207
PB  - Springer
SN  - 978-3-642-62387-5 978-3-642-18967-8
SV  - 167
UR  - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-18967-8_9
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:07:27
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Coincidence of the alpine–nival ecotone with the summer snowline
AU  - Gottfried, M
AU  - Hantel, M
AU  - Maurer, C
AU  - Toechterle, R
AU  - Pauli, H
AU  - Grabherr, G
T2  - Environmental Research Letters
DA  - 2011/01/01/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1088/1748-9326/6/1/014013
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
SN  - 1748-9326
UR  - http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/6/i=1/a=014013?key=crossref.c6bdfc1e18b9617b8017d4f0c84afbb1
Y2  - 2013/09/04/07:37:26
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Emergence of Usutu virus, an African Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus Group, Central Europe
AU  - Weissenbock, Herbert
AU  - Kolodziejek, Jolanta
AU  - Url, Angelika
AU  - Lussy, Helga
AU  - Rebel-Bauder, Barbara
AU  - Nowotny, Norbert
T2  - Emerging Infectious Diseases
AB  - During late summer 2001 in Austria, a series of deaths in several species of birds occurred, similar to the beginning of the West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic in the United States. We necropsied the dead birds and examined them by various methods; pathologic and immunohistologic investigations suggested a WNV infection. Subsequently, the virus was isolated, identified, partially sequenced, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The isolates exhibited 97% identity to Usutu virus (USUV), a mosquito-borne Flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis virus group; USUV has never previously been observed outside Africa nor associated with fatal disease in animals or humans. If established in central Europe, this virus may have considerable effects on avian populations; whether USUV has the potential to cause severe human disease is unknown.
DA  - 2002/07//
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.3201/eid0807.020094
DP  - PubMed Central
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
SP  - 652
EP  - 656
J2  - Emerg Infect Dis
SN  - 1080-6040
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730324/
Y2  - 2013/11/09/03:33:46
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730324/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Management of European forests under changing climatic conditions: final report of the project "Silvicultural response strategies to climatic change in management of European forests"
AU  - Kellomäki, Seppo
AU  - Leinonen, Sanna
CY  - Joensuu, Finland
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DP  - Open WorldCat
LA  - English
PB  - University of Joensuu
SN  - 952-458-652-5 978-952-458-652-8
ST  - Management of European forests under changing climatic conditions
UR  - http://www.efi.int/files/attachments/projects/silvistrat/summary.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Estimating the impact of climate change on the occurrence of selected pests in the Central European region
AU  - Kocmánková, E
AU  - Trnka, M
AU  - Eitzinger, J
AU  - Formayer, H
AU  - Dubrovsky, M
AU  - Semerádová, D
AU  - Zalud, Z
AU  - Juroch, J
AU  - Mozny, M
T2  - Climate Research
DA  - 2010/10/28/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.3354/cr00905
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
SP  - 95
EP  - 105
SN  - 0936-577X, 1616-1572
UR  - http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/cr/v44/n1/p95-105/
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:00:31
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Spatial pattern in dry grassland communities of the Central Alps and its ecophysiological significance
AU  - Erschbamer, B.
AU  - Grabherr, G.
AU  - Reisigl, H.
T2  - Vegetatio
DA  - 1983///
PY  - 1983
DO  - 10.1007/BF00047102
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
SP  - 143
EP  - 151
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00047102
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:37:23
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Modeling of Nitrogen Dynamics in an Austrian Alpine Forest Ecosystem on Calcareous Soils: A Scenario-Based Risk Assessment under Changing Environmental Conditions
AU  - Herman, Friedl
AU  - Smidt, Stefan
AU  - Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus
AU  - Englisch, Michael
AU  - Gebetsroither, Ernst
AU  - Jandl, Robert
AU  - Katzensteiner, Klaus
AU  - Lexer, Manfred
AU  - Strebl, Friederike
AU  - Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie
T2  - The Scientific World Journal
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1100/tsw.2007.9
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 7
SP  - 159
EP  - 165
SN  - 1537-744X
ST  - Modeling of Nitrogen Dynamics in an Austrian Alpine Forest Ecosystem on Calcareous Soils
UR  - http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2007/786238/abs/
Y2  - 2013/09/04/13:39:42
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The future of terrestrial mammals in the Mediterranean basin under climate change
AU  - Maiorano, L.
AU  - Falcucci, A.
AU  - Zimmermann, N. E.
AU  - Psomas, A.
AU  - Pottier, J.
AU  - Baisero, D.
AU  - Rondinini, C.
AU  - Guisan, A.
AU  - Boitani, L.
T2  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
DA  - 2011/08/15/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1098/rstb.2011.0121
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 366
IS  - 1578
SP  - 2681
EP  - 2692
SN  - 0962-8436, 1471-2970
UR  - http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rstb.2011.0121
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:10:53
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The phylogenetic composition and structure of soil microbial communities shifts in response to elevated carbon dioxide
AU  - He, Zhili
AU  - Piceno, Yvette
AU  - Deng, Ye
AU  - Xu, Meiying
AU  - Lu, Zhenmei
AU  - DeSantis, Todd
AU  - Andersen, Gary
AU  - Hobbie, Sarah E.
AU  - Reich, Peter B.
AU  - Zhou, Jizhong
T2  - The ISME Journal
AB  - One of the major factors associated with global change is the ever-increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2. Although the stimulating effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on plant growth and primary productivity have been established, its impacts on the diversity and function of soil microbial communities are poorly understood. In this study, phylogenetic microarrays (PhyloChip) were used to comprehensively survey the richness, composition and structure of soil microbial communities in a grassland experiment subjected to two CO2 conditions (ambient, 368 p.p.m., versus elevated, 560 p.p.m.) for 10 years. The richness based on the detected number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) significantly decreased under eCO2. PhyloChip detected 2269 OTUs derived from 45 phyla (including two from Archaea), 55 classes, 99 orders, 164 families and 190 subfamilies. Also, the signal intensity of five phyla (Crenarchaeota, Chloroflexi, OP10, OP9/JS1, Verrucomicrobia) significantly decreased at eCO2, and such significant effects of eCO2 on microbial composition were also observed at the class or lower taxonomic levels for most abundant phyla, such as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria, suggesting a shift in microbial community composition at eCO2. Additionally, statistical analyses showed that the overall taxonomic structure of soil microbial communities was altered at eCO2. Mantel tests indicated that such changes in species richness, composition and structure of soil microbial communities were closely correlated with soil and plant properties. This study provides insights into our understanding of shifts in the richness, composition and structure of soil microbial communities under eCO2 and environmental factors shaping the microbial community structure.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1038/ismej.2011.99
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
SP  - 259
EP  - 272
J2  - ISME J
LA  - en
SN  - 1751-7362
UR  - http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/v6/n2/abs/ismej201199a.html
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:04:24
KW  - elevated CO2
KW  - microbial community structure
KW  - microbial composition
KW  - PhyloChip
KW  - soil microbial community
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Analyse des Sachstands zu Auswirkungen von Klimaveränderungen auf die deutsche Landwirtschaft und Maßnahmen zur Anpassung
AU  - Schaller, Michaela
AU  - Weigel, Hans-Joachim
CY  - Braunschweig, Deutschland
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
SP  - 252
LA  - Deutsch
M3  - Sonderheft
PB  - Landbauforschung Völkenrode - FAL Agricultural Research
SN  - 316
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) disturbance on timber production and carbon sequestration in different management strategies under climate change
AU  - Seidl, Rupert
AU  - Rammer, Werner
AU  - Jäger, Dietmar
AU  - Lexer, Manfred J.
T2  - Forest Ecology and Management
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 256
IS  - 3
SP  - 209
EP  - 220
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112708003198
Y2  - 2013/09/04/13:53:19
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - During a Hot Summer, Bluetongue Virus Invades Northern Europe
AU  - Enserink, Martin
T2  - Science
AB  - In a striking example of pathogens hopscotching the globe, a livestock virus originating in Africa appears to have hit three countries in northern Europe since 14 August. (Read more.)
DA  - 2006/01/09/
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1126/science.313.5791.1218a
DP  - www.sciencemag.org
VL  - 313
IS  - 5791
SP  - 1218
EP  - 1219
J2  - Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0036-8075, 1095-9203
UR  - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/313/5791/1218.1
Y2  - 2013/10/22/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sensitivity of alpine stream ecosystems to climate change and human impacts
AU  - McGregor, G.
AU  - Petts, G. E.
AU  - Gurnell, A. M.
AU  - Milner, A. M.
T2  - Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
AB  - * 1Climatic changes and water resource developments alter the relative contribution of the water sources (glacier-melt, snow-melt, rainfall run-off and springflow) to the discharge regime of alpine streams. * 2Likely changes in the magnitude and variability of a range of climatic determinants of glacier behaviour, as a result of an enhanced Greenhouse Effect, are shown to have important implications for the future hydrogeomorphological and thermal dynamics of alpine streams. * 3Zoobenthic communities typically show deterministic patterns in alpine streams due to the over-riding influence of water temperature and channel stability. These communities could act as indicators of change in the relative contribution of run-off, particularly to alterations of glacier-melt patterns. * 4A reduction of glacial meltwater, following diversion for HEP generation, is used as an example to illustrate the sensitivity of the zoobenthic communities to changes in temperature and flow regimes, and geomorphological dynamics.
DA  - 1995///
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1002/aqc.3270050306
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
SP  - 233
EP  - 247
LA  - en
SN  - 1099-0755
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.3270050306/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:57:38
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Environmental changes in an alpine lake (Gossenköllesee, austria) over the last two centuries – the influence of air temperature on biological parameters
AU  - Koinig, Karin A.
AU  - Kamenik, Christian
AU  - Schmidt, Roland
AU  - Agustí-Panareda, Anna
AU  - Appleby, Peter
AU  - Lami, Andrea
AU  - Prazakova, Miroslava
AU  - Rose, Neil
AU  - Schnell, Øyvind A.
AU  - Tessadri, Richard
AU  - Thompson, Roy
AU  - Psenner, Roland
T2  - Journal of Paleolimnology
AB  - Changes in microfossils (diatoms, chrysophytes, chironomids and cladocera remains), geochemistry and deposition of atmospheric pollutants have been investigated in the sediment records of the alpine lake Gossenköllesee (Tyrol, Austria) spanning the last two centuries. The sediment records were compared with seasonal and annual air temperature trends calculated for the elevation (2417 m a.s.l.) and the geographical position (47° 13′46′′N, 11° 00′51′′E) of the lake, and with precipitation records available since 1866 from Innsbruck. Temperature trends followed a 20–30 year oscillation between cold and warm periods. Regarding long-term changes, temperature trends showed a U-shaped trend between 1780 and 1950, followed by a steep increase since 1975. Physical, geochemical, and organic parameters were not controlled by air temperature. Among the biological records only diatoms and chrysophytes reacted to air temperature changes: the relative abundance of planktonic diatoms increased during warm periods and changes in mean annual alpine air temperature explained 36.5% of their variation. The relation between abundance of seasonal stomatocyst types and air temperature varied on two different time scales: while summer stomatocysts were influenced by short term temperature fluctuations, the autumn stomatocysts were affected only by the long term changes. Other biological parameters exhibited a constant species composition (chironomids, pigments) or changes were small and independent of temperature (cladocera). Spheroidal carbonaceous fly-ash particles, and trends in Pb and Cr indicated increasing deposition of atmospheric pollutants but had no detectable effects on the biological parameters either. In respect to temperature variations over the last 200 years, this alpine lake is much less sensitive than expected and has thus to be regarded as a well buffered site. However, temperature alone is not sufficient to understand changes in species composition and other biogeochemical processes with unknown historical patterns might have affected species composition more strongly.
DA  - 2002/06/01/
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1023/A:1020332220870
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
SP  - 147
EP  - 160
J2  - Journal of Paleolimnology
LA  - en
SN  - 0921-2728, 1573-0417
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1020332220870
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:52:10
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
KW  - diatoms
KW  - Hydrogeology
KW  - palaeolimnology
KW  - lake sediments
KW  - chironomids
KW  - pigments
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Sedimentology
KW  - Hydrobiology
KW  - chrysophytes
KW  - Cladocera
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A modified 3D-patch model for spatially explicit simulation of vegetation composition in heterogeneous landscapes
AU  - Lexer, Manfred J.
AU  - Hönninger, Karl
T2  - Forest ecology and management
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 144
IS  - 1
SP  - 43
EP  - 65
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112700003868
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:17:08
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The discomfort index
AU  - Thom, Earl C.
T2  - Weatherwise
DA  - 1959///
PY  - 1959
DO  - 10.1080/00431672.1959.9926960
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
SP  - 57
EP  - 61
UR  - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00431672.1959.9926960
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:15:36
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Comparing palaeolimnological and instrumental evidence of climate change for remote mountain lakes over the last 200 years
AU  - Battarbee, Richard W.
AU  - Grytnes, John-Arvid
AU  - Thompson, Roy
AU  - Appleby, Peter G.
AU  - Catalan, Jordi
AU  - Korhola, Atte
AU  - Birks, H. J. B.
AU  - Heegaard, Einar
AU  - Lami, Andrea
T2  - Journal of Paleolimnology
AB  - This paper compares the palaeolimnological evidence for climate change over the last 200 years with instrumental climate data for the same period at seven European remote mountain lakes. The sites are Øvre Neådalsvatn (Norway), Saanajärvi (Finland), Gossenköllesee (Austria), Hagelseewli (Switzerland), Jezero v Ledvici (Slovenia), Estany Redó (Spain, Pyrenees), and Nižné Terianske Pleso (Slovakia). We used multiple regression analysis to transfer homogenised lowland air temperature records to each of the sites, and these reconstructions were validated using data from on-site automatic weather stations. These data showed that mean annual temperature has varied over the last 200 years at each site by between 1 and 2 °C, typical of the high frequency variability found throughout the Holocene, and appropriate, therefore, to test the sensitivity of the various proxy methods used. Sediment cores from each site were radiometrically dated using 210Pb, 137Cs and 241Am and analysed for loss-on-ignition, C, N, S, pigments, diatoms, chrysophytes, Cladocera and chironomids. Comparisons between the proxy data and the instrumental data were based on linear regression analysis with the proxy data treated as response variables and the instrumental data (after smoothing using LOESS regressions) as predictor variables. The results showed few clear or consistent patterns with generally low or very low r2 values. Highest values were found when the data were compared after smoothing using a broad span, indicating that some of the proxy data were capturing climate variability but only at a relatively coarse time resolution. Probable reasons for the weak performance of the methods used include inaccurate dating, especially for earlier time periods, the influence of confounding forcing factors at some sites e.g., air pollution, earthquakes, and the insensitivity of some methods to low amplitude climate forcing. Nevertheless, there were trends in some proxy records at a number of sites that had a relatively unambiguous correspondence with the instrumental climate records. These included organic matter and associated variables (C and N) and planktonic diatom assemblages at the majority of sites and chrysophytes and chironomids at a few sites. Overall for longer term studies of the Holocene, these results indicate the need to be cautious in the interpretation of proxy records, the importance of proxy method validation, the continuing need to use reinforcing multi-proxy approaches, and the need for careful site and method selection.
DA  - 2002/06/01/
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1023/A:1020384204940
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
SP  - 161
EP  - 179
J2  - Journal of Paleolimnology
LA  - en
SN  - 0921-2728, 1573-0417
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1020384204940
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:20:58
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
KW  - diatoms
KW  - Hydrogeology
KW  - palaeolimnology
KW  - chironomids
KW  - pigments
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Sedimentology
KW  - Hydrobiology
KW  - chrysophytes
KW  - Cladocera
KW  - instrumental records
KW  - remote mountain lakes
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate Change as the Primary Cause for pH Shifts in a High Alpine Lake
AU  - Koinig, Karin A.
AU  - Schmidt, Roland
AU  - Sommaruga-Wögrath, Sabine
AU  - Tessadri, Richard
AU  - Psenner, Roland
T2  - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
AB  - Chemical and biological sedimentary records of a high alpine lake were used to reconstruct palaeoecological conditions and compared with two centuries of instrumental temperature measurements. Air temperature determined the lake water pH throughout the past 200 yr almost regardless of the level of atmospheric deposition. Our data suggest a strong climate forcing of the acid-base balance in sensitive high-altitude lakes. Their physico-chemical conditions and biota strongly depend on the duration of ice and snow cover which is significantly different between warm and cold periods. Beside changes in weathering rates, in-lake alkalinity generation and water-retention time, delayed freezing in autumn and earlier ice-out dates with a shorter duration of CO2 over-saturation could be crucial for the tight temperature-pH coupling.
DA  - 1998/05/01/
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1023/A:1004941013924
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 104
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 167
EP  - 180
J2  - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
LA  - en
SN  - 0049-6979, 1573-2932
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1004941013924
Y2  - 2013/10/29/09:19:48
KW  - Climate change
KW  - diatoms
KW  - Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
KW  - Hydrogeology
KW  - palaeolimnology
KW  - acid-base equilibrium
KW  - pH reconstruction
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ein klimasensitives statisches Modell zur Beurteilung der Baumarteneignung
AU  - Steiner, C.
AU  - Lexer, M.J.
T2  - Forstarchiv
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
VL  - 69
SP  - 92
EP  - 103
UR  - http://www.forstpraxis.de/forstarchiv-startseite-home
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Beyond Predictions: Biodiversity Conservation in a Changing Climate
AU  - Dawson, Terence P.
AU  - Jackson, Stephen T.
AU  - House, Joanna I.
AU  - Prentice, Iain Colin
AU  - Mace, Georgina M.
T2  - Science
AB  - Climate change is predicted to become a major threat to biodiversity in the 21st century, but accurate predictions and effective solutions have proved difficult to formulate. Alarming predictions have come from a rather narrow methodological base, but a new, integrated science of climate-change biodiversity assessment is emerging, based on multiple sources and approaches. Drawing on evidence from paleoecological observations, recent phenological and microevolutionary responses, experiments, and computational models, we review the insights that different approaches bring to anticipating and managing the biodiversity consequences of climate change, including the extent of species’ natural resilience. We introduce a framework that uses information from different sources to identify vulnerability and to support the design of conservation responses. Although much of the information reviewed is on species, our framework and conclusions are also applicable to ecosystems, habitats, ecological communities, and genetic diversity, whether terrestrial, marine, or fresh water.
DA  - 2011/04/01/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1126/science.1200303
DP  - www.sciencemag.org
VL  - 332
IS  - 6025
SP  - 53
EP  - 58
J2  - Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0036-8075, 1095-9203
ST  - Beyond Predictions
UR  - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6025/53
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:55:22
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change vulnerability of sustainable forest management in the Eastern Alps
AU  - Seidl, Rupert
AU  - Rammer, Werner
AU  - Lexer, Manfred J.
T2  - Climatic Change
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 106
IS  - 2
SP  - 225
EP  - 254
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-010-9899-1
Y2  - 2013/09/04/13:50:47
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adaptation of a Psychrophilic Freshwater Dinoflagellate to Ultraviolet Radiation1
AU  - Obertegger, Ulrike
AU  - Camin, Federica
AU  - Guella, Graziano
AU  - Flaim, Giovanna
T2  - Journal of Phycology
AB  - Little is known about the UV photobiology of psychrophilic dinoflagellates, particularly in freshwater systems. We addressed the life strategies of Borghiella dodgei Moestrup, Gert. Hansen et Daugbjerg to cope with ambient levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) under cold conditions. Several physiological parameters related to growth, metabolism, and UVR protection were determined for 4 d in UVR-exposed and control cells by applying stable isotope analysis, spectrophotometry, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS). In UVR-exposed cells, assimilation of 15N and 13C and content of chl a and carotenoids, specifically diatoxanthin with respect to dinoxanthin and diadinoxanthin, were increased; furthermore, catalase activity showed a cyclic pattern with a strong increase after UVR exposure but a rapid return to preexposure levels. Both in UVR-exposed and control cells, no lipid peroxidation of galactolipids was observed. However, in UVR-exposed cells, content of galactolipids was higher and linked to an increase in monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs). We concluded that Borghiella's adaptation to UVR depended on a general metabolic enhancement and efficient scavenging of oxygen radicals to mitigate and counteract damage. While Borghiella seemed to be well adapted to ambient UVR, the interactive effects of higher temperature and UVR on psychrophilic species in front of climate change merit further investigation.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01025.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
SP  - 811
EP  - 820
LA  - en
SN  - 1529-8817
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01025.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:27:19
KW  - stable isotopes
KW  - psychrophiles
KW  - catalase
KW  - diatoxanthin
KW  - galactolipids
KW  - UVR
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate Change: Effects on Culicoides-Transmitted Viruses and Implications for the UK
AU  - Wittmann, E. J.
AU  - Baylis, M.
T2  - The Veterinary Journal
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/tvjl.2000.0470
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 160
IS  - 2
SP  - 107
EP  - 117
ST  - Climate Change
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023300904702
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:28:25
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cross-biome metagenomic analyses of soil microbial communities and their functional attributes
AU  - Fierer, Noah
AU  - Leff, Jonathan W.
AU  - Adams, Byron J.
AU  - Nielsen, Uffe N.
AU  - Bates, Scott Thomas
AU  - Lauber, Christian L.
AU  - Owens, Sarah
AU  - Gilbert, Jack A.
AU  - Wall, Diana H.
AU  - Caporaso, J. Gregory
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB  - For centuries ecologists have studied how the diversity and functional traits of plant and animal communities vary across biomes. In contrast, we have only just begun exploring similar questions for soil microbial communities despite soil microbes being the dominant engines of biogeochemical cycles and a major pool of living biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. We used metagenomic sequencing to compare the composition and functional attributes of 16 soil microbial communities collected from cold deserts, hot deserts, forests, grasslands, and tundra. Those communities found in plant-free cold desert soils typically had the lowest levels of functional diversity (diversity of protein-coding gene categories) and the lowest levels of phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity. Across all soils, functional beta diversity was strongly correlated with taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity; the desert microbial communities were clearly distinct from the nondesert communities regardless of the metric used. The desert communities had higher relative abundances of genes associated with osmoregulation and dormancy, but lower relative abundances of genes associated with nutrient cycling and the catabolism of plant-derived organic compounds. Antibiotic resistance genes were consistently threefold less abundant in the desert soils than in the nondesert soils, suggesting that abiotic conditions, not competitive interactions, are more important in shaping the desert microbial communities. As the most comprehensive survey of soil taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity to date, this study demonstrates that metagenomic approaches can be used to build a predictive understanding of how microbial diversity and function vary across terrestrial biomes.
DA  - 2012/12/26/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.1215210110
DP  - www.pnas.org
VL  - 109
IS  - 52
SP  - 21390
EP  - 21395
J2  - PNAS
LA  - en
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/109/52/21390
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:02:18
KW  - 16S rRNA gene sequencing
KW  - Biogeography
KW  - shotgun metagenomics
KW  - soil microbial ecology
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - From introduction to the establishment of alien species: bioclimatic differences between presence and reproduction localities in the slider turtle
AU  - Ficetola, Gentile Francesco
AU  - Thuiller, Wilfried
AU  - Padoa-Schioppa, Emilio
T2  - Diversity and Distributions
AB  - Aim Understanding the factors determining the transition from introduction of aliens to the establishment of invasive populations is a critical issue of the study of biological invasions, and has key implications for management. Differences in fitness among areas of introduction can define the zones where aliens become invasive. The American slider turtle Trachemys scripta has been introduced worldwide, and has negative effects on freshwater communities, but only a subset of introduced populations breed successfully. We used species distribution models to assess the factors influencing the slider distribution in Italy, by analysing bioclimatic features that can cause the transition from presence of feral adults to breeding populations. We also evaluated whether climate change might increase the future suitability for reproduction.Location Central and Northern Italy.Methods The distribution of slider turtle was obtained from the literature, unpublished reports and field surveys. We used Maxent to build bioclimatic models.Results Reproductive populations are associated to a clear bioclimatic envelope with warmer climate, more solar radiation and higher precipitations than populations where reproduction is not observed. Several Mediterranean areas currently have climatic features suitable for sliders. Scenarios of climate change predict the expansion of these areas. In the near future (2020), the proportion of populations in areas suitable for reproduction will dramatically increase.Main conclusion Our study shows that bioclimatic differences can determine the areas where aliens become invaders. Management should be focused to these source areas. However, climate change can increase fitness in the future, and therefore the interactions between climate change and fitness can boost the invasiveness of this alien species.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00516.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 108
EP  - 116
LA  - en
SN  - 1472-4642
ST  - From introduction to the establishment of alien species
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00516.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:17:07
KW  - Climate change
KW  - species distribution models
KW  - biological invasions
KW  - fitness
KW  - Bioclimatic envelope
KW  - MAXENT
KW  - problematic alien species
KW  - reproduction
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Species traits explain recent range shifts of Finnish butterflies
AU  - Pöyry, Juha
AU  - Luoto, Miska
AU  - Heikkinen, Risto K.
AU  - Kuussaari, Mikko
AU  - Saarinen, Kimmo
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - This study provides a novel systematic comparative analysis of the species characteristics affecting the range margin shifts in butterflies towards higher latitudes, while taking phylogenetic relatedness among species into account. We related observed changes in the northern range margins of 48 butterfly species in Finland between two time periods (1992–1996 and 2000–2004) to 11 species traits. Species with positive records in at least ten 10 km × 10 km grid squares (in the Finnish National Butterfly Recording Scheme, NAFI) in both periods were included in the study. When corrected for range size change, the 48 butterfly species had shifted their range margins northwards on average by 59.9 km between the study periods, with maximum shifts of over 300 km for three species. This rate of range shifts exceeds all previously reported records worldwide. Our findings may be explained by two factors: the study region is situated in higher latitudes than in most previous studies and it focuses on the period of most prominent warming during the last 10–15 years. Several species traits exhibited a significant univariate relationship with the range margin shift according to generalized estimation equations (GEE) taking into account the phylogenetic relatedness among species. Nonthreatened butterflies had on average expanded their ranges strongly northwards (84.5 km), whereas the distributions of threatened species were stationary (−2.1 km). Hierarchical partitioning (HP) analysis indicated that mobile butterflies living in forest edges and using woody plants as their larval hosts exhibited largest range shifts towards the north. Thus, habitat availability and dispersal capacity of butterfly species are likely to determine whether they will be successful in shifting their ranges in response to the warming climate.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01789.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
SP  - 732
EP  - 743
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01789.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:36:57
KW  - Climate change
KW  - butterflies
KW  - range shift
KW  - atlas data
KW  - distribution
KW  - Finland
KW  - generalized estimation equations (GEE)
KW  - hierarchical partitioning (HP)
KW  - species traits
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming
AU  - Mäder, Paul
AU  - Fliessbach, Andreas
AU  - Dubois, David
AU  - Gunst, Lucie
AU  - Fried, Padruot
AU  - Niggli, Urs
T2  - Science
DA  - 2002///
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1126/science.1071148
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 296
IS  - 5573
SP  - 1694
EP  - 1697
UR  - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/296/5573/1694.short
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:21:27
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Bemessungsniederschläge in Österreich
AU  - Weilguni, V.
T2  - Hochwässer - Bemessung, Risikoanalyse und Vorhersage
A2  - Blöschl, G.
T3  - Wiener Mitteilungen. Wasser, Abwasser, Gewässer
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 216
SP  - 71
EP  - 84
PB  - Inst. für Wasserbau und Ingenieurbiologie, TU Wien
SN  - 978-3-85234-108-8
UR  - http://www.hydro.tuwien.ac.at/forschung/publikationen/deutschsprachige-publikationen/wiener-mitteilungen-band-216.html
Y2  - 2013/11/09/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Maiswurzelbohrer: Bisher keine Ausbreitung, aber deutlich mehr Käfer
AU  - Pilz, C.
AU  - Kahrer, A.
T2  - Der Pflanzenarzt
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://www.der-pflanzenarzt.at/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Bird migration times, climate change, and changing population sizes
AU  - Miller-Rushing, Abraham J.
AU  - Lloyd-Evans, Trevor L.
AU  - Primack, Richard B.
AU  - Satzinger, Paul
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - Past studies of bird migration times have shown great variation in migratory responses to climate change. We used 33 years of bird capture data (1970–2002) from Manomet, Massachusetts to examine variation in spring migration times for 32 species of North American passerines. We found that changes in first arrival dates – the unit of observation used in most studies of bird migration times – often differ dramatically from changes in the mean arrival date of the migration cohort as a whole. In our study, the earliest recorded springtime arrival date for each species occurred 0.20 days later each decade. In contrast, the mean arrival dates for birds of each species occurred 0.78 days earlier each decade. The difference in the two trends was largely explained by declining migration cohort sizes, a factor not examined in many previous studies. We found that changes in migration cohort or population sizes may account for a substantial amount of the variation in previously documented changes in migration times. After controlling for changes in migration cohort size, we found that climate variables, migration distance, and date of migration explained portions of the variation in migratory changes over time. In particular, short-distance migrants appeared to respond to changes in temperature, while mid-distance migrants responded particularly strongly to changes in the Southern Oscillation Index. The migration times of long-distance migrants tended not to change over time. Our findings suggest that previously reported changes in migration times may need to be reinterpreted to incorporate changes in migration cohort sizes.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01619.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 14
IS  - 9
SP  - 1959
EP  - 1972
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01619.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:13:30
KW  - Climate change
KW  - global warming
KW  - phenology
KW  - Manomet
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - migratory birds
KW  - panel analysis
KW  - population sizes
KW  - spring migration
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Amphibien und Reptilien im anthropogenen Klimawandel: Was wissen wir und was erwarten wir?
AU  - Rödder, Dennis
AU  - Schulte, Ulrich
T2  - Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 17
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
UR  - http://www.lacerta.de/AS/Bibliografie/BIB_5110.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The relationship between heat stress, survivability and blood composition of the domestic chicken
AU  - Bogin, Eitan
AU  - Avidar, Yaakov
AU  - Pech-Waffenschmidt, Volker
AU  - Doron, Yakir
AU  - Israeli, Bat-Ami
AU  - Kevkhayev, Erna
T2  - Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
DA  - 1996///
PY  - 1996
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
SP  - 463
EP  - 470
UR  - http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/cclm.1996.34.issue-6/cclm.1996.34.6.463/cclm.1996.34.6.463.xml
Y2  - 2013/09/03/09:36:10
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Silvicultural management in maintaining biodiversity and resistance of forests in Europe—temperate zone
AU  - Spiecker, Heinrich
T2  - Journal of Environmental Management
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 67
IS  - 1
SP  - 55
EP  - 65
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479702001883
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:05:13
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recent findings regarding non-native or poorly known diatom taxa in north-western Italian rivers
AU  - Falasco, Elisa
AU  - Bona, Francesca
T2  - Journal of Limnology
DA  - 2013/02/06/
PY  - 2013
DO  - 10.4081/jlimnol.2013.e4
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 72
IS  - 1
SN  - 1723-8633, 1129-5767
UR  - http://www.jlimnol.it/index.php/jlimnol/article/view/537
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:45:06
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate, competition and connectivity affect future migration and ranges of European trees: Future migration and ranges of European trees
AU  - Meier, Eliane S.
AU  - Lischke, Heike
AU  - Schmatz, Dirk R.
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
T2  - Global Ecology and Biogeography
DA  - 2012/02//
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00669.x
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
SP  - 164
EP  - 178
SN  - 1466822X
ST  - Climate, competition and connectivity affect future migration and ranges of European trees
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00669.x
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:27:52
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Temperature effects on the acidity of remote alpine lakes
AU  - Sommaruga-Wögrath, Sabine
AU  - Koinig, Karin A.
AU  - Schmidt, Roland
AU  - Sommaruga, Ruben
AU  - Tessadri, Richard
AU  - Psenner, Roland
T2  - Nature
DA  - 1997///
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1038/387064a0
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 387
IS  - 6628
SP  - 64
EP  - 67
J2  - Nature
LA  - en
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v387/n6628/abs/387064a0.html
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:41:51
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - WINDA—a system of models for assessing the probability of wind damage to forest stands within a landscape
AU  - Blennow, Kristina
AU  - Sallnäs, Ola
T2  - Ecological Modelling
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.10.009
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 175
IS  - 1
SP  - 87
EP  - 99
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380003004708
Y2  - 2013/09/03/15:09:56
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Molecular biogeography of Europe: Pleistocene cycles and postglacial trends
AU  - Schmitt, Thomas
T2  - Frontiers in Zoology
AB  - The climatic cycles with subsequent glacial and intergalcial periods have had a great impact on the distribution and evolution of species. Using genetic analytical tools considerably increased our understanding of these processes. In this review I therefore give an overview of the molecular biogeography of Europe. For means of simplification, I distinguish between three major biogeographical entities: (i)
DA  - 2007/04/17/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1186/1742-9994-4-11
DP  - www.frontiersinzoology.com
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
LA  - en
SN  - 1742-9994
ST  - Molecular biogeography of Europe
UR  - http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/4/1/11/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:56:20
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2
AU  - Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.
AU  - Long, Stephen P.
T2  - New Phytologist
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 165
IS  - 2
SP  - 351
EP  - 372
ST  - What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)?
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01224.x/full
Y2  - 2013/09/03/15:06:56
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants
AU  - Root, Terry L.
AU  - Price, Jeff T.
AU  - Hall, Kimberly R.
AU  - Schneider, Stephen H.
AU  - Rosenzweig, Cynthia
AU  - Pounds, J. Alan
T2  - Nature
AB  - Over the past 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by approximately 0.6 °C and is projected to continue to rise at a rapid rate. Although species have responded to climatic changes throughout their evolutionary history, a primary concern for wild species and their ecosystems is this rapid rate of change. We gathered information on species and global warming from 143 studies for our meta-analyses. These analyses reveal a consistent temperature-related shift, or 'fingerprint', in species ranging from molluscs to mammals and from grasses to trees. Indeed, more than 80% of the species that show changes are shifting in the direction expected on the basis of known physiological constraints of species. Consequently, the balance of evidence from these studies strongly suggests that a significant impact of global warming is already discernible in animal and plant populations. The synergism of rapid temperature rise and other stresses, in particular habitat destruction, could easily disrupt the connectedness among species and lead to a reformulation of species communities, reflecting differential changes in species, and to numerous extirpations and possibly extinctions.
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1038/nature01333
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 421
IS  - 6918
SP  - 57
EP  - 60
J2  - Nature
LA  - en
SN  - 0028-0836
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v421/n6918/abs/nature01333.html
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:53:05
KW  - Climate change
KW  - ecology
KW  - immunology
KW  - evolution
KW  - developmental biology
KW  - science
KW  - earth science
KW  - environmental science
KW  - astronomy
KW  - astrophysics
KW  - biochemistry
KW  - bioinformatics
KW  - biology
KW  - biotechnology
KW  - cancer
KW  - cell cycle
KW  - cell signalling
KW  - computational biology
KW  - development
KW  - DNA
KW  - drug discovery
KW  - evolutionary biology
KW  - functional genomics
KW  - genetics
KW  - genomics
KW  - geophysics
KW  - interdisciplinary science
KW  - life
KW  - marine biology
KW  - materials science
KW  - medical research
KW  - medicine
KW  - metabolomics
KW  - molecular biology
KW  - molecular interactions
KW  - nanotechnology
KW  - Nature
KW  - neurobiology
KW  - neuroscience
KW  - palaeobiology
KW  - pharmacology
KW  - physics
KW  - proteomics
KW  - quantum physics
KW  - RNA
KW  - science news
KW  - science policy
KW  - signal transduction
KW  - structural biology
KW  - systems biology
KW  - transcriptomics
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Phytoplankton response to a changing climate
AU  - Winder, Monika
AU  - Sommer, Ulrich
T2  - Hydrobiologia
DA  - 2012/05/26/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s10750-012-1149-2
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 698
IS  - 1
SP  - 5
EP  - 16
SN  - 0018-8158, 1573-5117
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10750-012-1149-2
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:55:24
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Consequences of climate change for European agricultural productivity, land use and policy
AU  - Olesen, Jørgen E.
AU  - Bindi, Marco
T2  - European Journal of Agronomy
DA  - 2002/06//
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00004-7
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
SP  - 239
EP  - 262
SN  - 11610301
UR  - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1161030102000047
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:38:37
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change and outbreaks of the geometrids Operophtera brumata and Epirrita autumnata in subarctic birch forest: evidence of a recent outbreak range expansion
AU  - Jepsen, Jane U.
AU  - Hagen, Snorre B.
AU  - Ims, Rolf A.
AU  - Yoccoz, Nigel G.
T2  - Journal of Animal Ecology
AB  - * 1Range expansions mediated by recent climate warming have been documented for many insect species, including some important forest pests. However, whether climate change also influences the eruptive dynamics of forest pest insects, and hence the ecological and economical consequences of outbreaks, is largely unresolved. * 2Using historical outbreak records covering more than a century, we document recent outbreak range expansions of two species of cyclic geometrid moth, Operophtera brumata Bkh. (winter moth) and Epirrita autumnata L. (autumnal moth), in subarctic birch forest of northern Fennoscandia. The two species differ with respect to cold tolerance, and show strikingly different patterns in their recent outbreak range expansion. * 3We show that, during the past 15–20 years, the less cold-tolerant species O. brumata has experienced a pronounced north-eastern expansion into areas previously dominated by E. autumnata outbreaks. Epirrita autumnata, on the other hand, has expanded the region in which it exhibits regular outbreaks into the coldest, most continental areas. Our findings support the suggestion that recent climate warming in the region is the most parsimonious explanation for the observed patterns. * 4The presence of O. brumata outbreaks in regions previously affected solely by E. autumnata outbreaks is likely to increase the effective duration of local outbreaks, and hence have profound implications for the subarctic birch forest ecosystem.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01339.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 77
IS  - 2
SP  - 257
EP  - 264
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2656
ST  - Climate change and outbreaks of the geometrids Operophtera brumata and Epirrita autumnata in subarctic birch forest
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01339.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:47:54
KW  - global warming
KW  - forest defoliation
KW  - insect attacks
KW  - invasion
KW  - population cycles
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The relative importance of climatic effects, wildfires and management for future forest landscape dynamics in the Swiss Alps
AU  - Schumacher, Sabine
AU  - Bugmann, Harald
T2  - Global Change Biology
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01188.x
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 12
IS  - 8
SP  - 1435
EP  - 1450
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01188.x/full
Y2  - 2013/09/04/13:48:21
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Ökophysiologie der Pflanzen: Leben, Leistung und Stressbewältigung der Pflanzen in ihrer Umwelt
AU  - Larcher, Walter
CY  - Stuttgart
DA  - 1994///
PY  - 1994
DP  - Open WorldCat
ET  - 5
SP  - 394
LA  - German
PB  - Verlag Eugen Ulmer bei UTB
SN  - 3-8252-8074-8 978-3-8252-8074-1 3-8001-2759-8 978-3-8001-2759-7
ST  - Ökophysiologie der Pflanzen
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effect of global warming on the distribution of parasitic and other infectious diseases: a review.
AU  - Cook, G. C.
T2  - Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
DA  - 1992///
PY  - 1992
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 85
IS  - 11
ST  - Effect of global warming on the distribution of parasitic and other infectious diseases
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1293729/
Y2  - 2013/09/03/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ecosystem recovery after climatic extremes enhanced by genotypic diversity
AU  - Reusch, Thorsten BH
AU  - Ehlers, Anneli
AU  - Hämmerli, August
AU  - Worm, Boris
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.0500008102
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 102
IS  - 8
SP  - 2826
EP  - 2831
ST  - PNAS
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/102/8/2826.short
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:34:18
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trends in the upward shift of alpine plants
AU  - Walther, Gian-Reto
AU  - Beißner, Sascha
AU  - Burga, Conradin A.
T2  - Journal of Vegetation Science
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02394.x
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
SP  - 541
EP  - 548
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02394.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:16:46
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Response by coypus to catastrophic events of cold and flooding
AU  - Doncaster, C. P.
AU  - Micol, T.
T2  - Ecography
AB  - Population dynamics of the coypu, Myocastor coypus, were studied in central-West France. This species has recently colonized temperate regions despite physiological sensitivity to cold weather. Live-trapping over three years demonstrated that increasing population densities from summer into autumn were associated with a faster population turn-over, homogeneous dispersion, and reduced rates of weight gain. Densities fell by 71% over a cold winter in which canals froze for 20 consecutive days, and by 69% over a mild winter with a flood of 5 weeks duration. Mortality was high in the coldest weather, and 45% of those surviving had frost lesions. A scarcity of males after the cold winter (up to 1♂: 3.3♀) was matched in a nearby population at artificially low density, where dispersing males predominated after the flood. The effect of the cold winter on reproductive output was to synchronize littering in summer, at a time of rich food supply. It was concluded that a flexible response to winter conditions enabled coypus to minimize the effects of extreme events and maximize their colonizing potential.
DA  - 1990///
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1990.tb00594.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
SP  - 98
EP  - 104
LA  - en
SN  - 1600-0587
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1990.tb00594.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:00:51
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - How does climate warming affect plant-pollinator interactions?
AU  - Hegland, Stein Joar
AU  - Nielsen, Anders
AU  - Lázaro, Amparo
AU  - Bjerknes, Anne-Line
AU  - Totland, Ørjan
T2  - Ecology Letters
AB  - Climate warming affects the phenology, local abundance and large-scale distribution of plants and pollinators. Despite this, there is still limited knowledge of how elevated temperatures affect plant-pollinator mutualisms and how changed availability of mutualistic partners influences the persistence of interacting species. Here we review the evidence of climate warming effects on plants and pollinators and discuss how their interactions may be affected by increased temperatures. The onset of flowering in plants and first appearance dates of pollinators in several cases appear to advance linearly in response to recent temperature increases. Phenological responses to climate warming may therefore occur at parallel magnitudes in plants and pollinators, although considerable variation in responses across species should be expected. Despite the overall similarities in responses, a few studies have shown that climate warming may generate temporal mismatches among the mutualistic partners. Mismatches in pollination interactions are still rarely explored and their demographic consequences are largely unknown. Studies on multi-species plant-pollinator assemblages indicate that the overall structure of pollination networks probably are robust against perturbations caused by climate warming. We suggest potential ways of studying warming-caused mismatches and their consequences for plant-pollinator interactions, and highlight the strengths and limitations of such approaches.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01269.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
SP  - 184
EP  - 195
LA  - en
SN  - 1461-0248
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01269.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:34:29
KW  - phenology
KW  - Global change
KW  - pollination
KW  - climate warming
KW  - distribution
KW  - Abundance
KW  - interaction
KW  - mismatch
KW  - mutualism
KW  - network
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Predicting global change impacts on plant species’ distributions: Future challenges
AU  - Thuiller, Wilfried
AU  - Albert, Cécile
AU  - Araújo, Miguel B.
AU  - Berry, Pam M.
AU  - Cabeza, Mar
AU  - Guisan, Antoine
AU  - Hickler, Thomas
AU  - Midgley, Guy F.
AU  - Paterson, James
AU  - Schurr, Frank M.
AU  - Sykes, Martin T.
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
T2  - Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
AB  - Given the rate of projected environmental change for the 21st century, urgent adaptation and mitigation measures are required to slow down the on-going erosion of biodiversity. Even though increasing evidence shows that recent human-induced environmental changes have already triggered species’ range shifts, changes in phenology and species’ extinctions, accurate projections of species’ responses to future environmental changes are more difficult to ascertain. This is problematic, since there is a growing awareness of the need to adopt proactive conservation planning measures using forecasts of species’ responses to future environmental changes.

There is a substantial body of literature describing and assessing the impacts of various scenarios of climate and land-use change on species’ distributions. Model predictions include a wide range of assumptions and limitations that are widely acknowledged but compromise their use for developing reliable adaptation and mitigation strategies for biodiversity. Indeed, amongst the most used models, few, if any, explicitly deal with migration processes, the dynamics of population at the “trailing edge” of shifting populations, species’ interactions and the interaction between the effects of climate and land-use.

In this review, we propose two main avenues to progress the understanding and prediction of the different processes occurring on the leading and trailing edge of the species’ distribution in response to any global change phenomena. Deliberately focusing on plant species, we first explore the different ways to incorporate species’ migration in the existing modelling approaches, given data and knowledge limitations and the dual effects of climate and land-use factors. Secondly, we explore the mechanisms and processes happening at the trailing edge of a shifting species’ distribution and how to implement them into a modelling approach. We finally conclude this review with clear guidelines on how such modelling improvements will benefit conservation strategies in a changing world.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1016/j.ppees.2007.09.004
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 9
IS  - 3–4
SP  - 137
EP  - 152
J2  - Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
SN  - 1433-8319
ST  - Predicting global change impacts on plant species’ distributions
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1433831907000376
Y2  - 2013/09/02/12:44:15
KW  - Global change
KW  - Habitat models
KW  - Conservation planning
KW  - Process-based models
KW  - Species distribution modeling
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The upward shift in altitude of pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum) in Switzerland—the result of climate warming?
AU  - Dobbertin, Matthias
AU  - Hilker, Nadine
AU  - Rebetez, Martine
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
AU  - Wohlgemuth, Thomas
AU  - Rigling, Andreas
T2  - International Journal of Biometeorology
AB  - Pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum) is common in natural Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests in the alpine Rhone Valley, Switzerland. This semi-parasite, which is regarded as an indicator species for temperature, increases the drought stress on trees and may contribute to the observed pine decline in the region. We recorded mistletoes on representative plots of the Swiss National Forest Inventory ranging from 450 to 1,550 m a.s.l. We found mistletoe on 37% of the trees and on 56% of all plots. Trees infested with mistletoe had a significantly higher mortality rate than non-infested trees. We compared the current mistletoe occurrence with records from a survey in 1910. The current upper limit, 1,250 m, is roughly 200 m above the limit of 1,000–1,100 m found in the earlier survey 100 years ago. Applying a spatial model to meteorological data we obtained monthly mean temperatures for all sites. In a logistic regression mean winter temperature, pine proportion and geographic exposition significantly explained mistletoe occurrence. Using mean monthly January and July temperatures for 1961–1990, we calculated Skre’s plant respiration equivalent (RE) and regressed it against elevation to obtain the RE value at the current mistletoe elevation limit. We used this RE value and temperature from 1870–1899 in the regression and found the past elevation limit to be at 1,060 m, agreeing with the 1910 survey. For the predicted temperature rise by 2030, the limit for mistletoe would increase above 1,600 m altitude.
DA  - 2005/09/01/
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1007/s00484-005-0263-5
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
SP  - 40
EP  - 47
J2  - Int J Biometeorol
LA  - en
SN  - 0020-7128, 1432-1254
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00484-005-0263-5
Y2  - 2013/09/03/06:43:39
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Logistic regression
KW  - Pine decline
KW  - Pine mistletoe
KW  - Respiration equivalent
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Analyzing Austria's forest disturbance regime as basis for the development of climate change adaptation strategies.
AU  - Seidl, R.
AU  - Thom, D.
AU  - Krehan, H.
AU  - Steyrer, G.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
M3  - Endbericht von StartClim2011.B in Start-Clim2011: Anpassung an den Klimawandel in Österreich: Themenfeld Wald.
PB  - Auftraggeber: BMLFUW, BMWF, ÖBF
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A fine-scaled predictive model for changes in species distribution patterns of high mountain plants induced by climate warming
AU  - Gottfried, Michael
AU  - Pauli, Harald
AU  - Reiter, Karl
AU  - Grabherr, Georg
T2  - Diversity and Distributions
AB  - Induced by global warming, mountain plant species are migrating upwards. Species inhabiting the nival zone of today are threatened by competitors which move from the alpine zone towards the summits. The manner in which species move depends on their abilities to cope with microtopographical situations. We present a spatially explicit predictive model which draws scenarios of future species distribution patterns at a typical high mountain of the European Alps. The altitudinal temperature gradient is examined. Based on the lapse rate and on definitions of topographical niches of species, a +1 °C- and a +2 °C-warming scenario are modelled using a fine-scaled digital elevation model. Nival species will lose area and become restricted to specific topographical situations. Alpine and subnival grassland species are predicted to expand their area, mainly along stable surface situations. Whether the migration will take place as a filling or a moving process is specific to the particular species. Overall, biodiversity is apparently not threatened on the decadal scale. In special cases, however, genetic losses are likely both on a local and on a regional scale.
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1046/j.1472-4642.1999.00058.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
SP  - 241
EP  - 251
LA  - en
SN  - 1472-4642
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1472-4642.1999.00058.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/04/07:40:39
KW  - Climate change
KW  - European Alps
KW  - altitudinal gradient
KW  - digital elevation model
KW  - mountain vegetation
KW  - predictive model
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Why the larch bud-moth cycle collapsed in the subalpine larch-cembran pine forests in the year 1990 for the first time since 1850
AU  - Baltensweiler, Werner
T2  - Oecologia
AB  - The larch bud-moth cycle has been observed in the sub-alpine larch-cembran pine forests 16 times since 1850. Infestation is easily recognized by the characteristic red-brown discoloration of the larch crowns due to the wasteful feeding of the bud moth larvae. The heaviest defoliation recurs at intervals of 8.47±0.27 (SE) years, and the larval density per kilogram of larch branches varies more than 10000-fold over four or five generations. The basic regulatory mechanism for this cycle is the induced change in food quality for the two or more subsequent larval generations. Defoliation functions as a negative feedback mechanism acting on larval density. In 1989 local discoloration in the Upper Engadine valley was observed in the usual first focus. In 1990 and 1991, however, instead of the expected widespread defoliation damage, larval densities decreased drastically. Based on extensive field data collected from 1961 to 1991 on the development and the survival of the bud moth (Zeiraphera diniana Gn.) and the phenology of the host, Larix decidua L., this paper shows the effect of weather on survival in the egg stage and on the coincidence of larval hatching with the sprouting of the larch. It is shown that the winter and spring weather conditions in 1989–1991 were conducive to unusually high egg mortality. Since these conditions occurred in three successive generations, population growth was effectively reduced and the cycle collapsed prematurely. Thus the rather persistent cyclicity of the larch-larch bud-moth system was disturbed by weather conditions with a very low probability of occurrence, but due to the inherent high resilience of the system, the next population peak with visible defoliation is expected to occur 1996/1997, provided that the weather conditions return to the climatic standard.
DA  - 1993/05/01/
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1007/BF00317302
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 94
IS  - 1
SP  - 62
EP  - 66
J2  - Oecologia
LA  - en
SN  - 0029-8549, 1432-1939
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00317302
Y2  - 2013/10/21/07:46:20
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - ecology
KW  - Population cycle
KW  - Weather impact
KW  - Zeiraphera diniana
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Introduction to Bryophytes
AU  - Vanderpoorten, Alain
AU  - Goffinet, Bernard
CY  - Cambridge
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 1
SP  - 294
LA  - English
PB  - Cambridge University Press
SN  - 978-0-521-87712
UR  - http://www.langtoninfo.com/web_content/9780521877121_frontmatter.pdf
Y2  - 2013/09/03/09:01:16
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Terrestrial ecosystems in changing environments
AU  - Shugart, Herman H.
T2  - Cambridge Studies in Ecology
CY  - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 537
PB  - Cambridge University Press
SN  - 0-521-56342-9 0-521-56523-5
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:04:27
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Atlas zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der Amphibien und Reptilien in Österreich. Auswertung der Herpetofaunistischen Datenbank am Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien
AU  - Cabela, Antonia
AU  - Grillitsch, Heinz
AU  - Tiedemann, Franz
A2  - Umweltbundesamt Wien
CN  - 3-85457-586-6
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DP  - Google Scholar
PB  - Umweltbundesamt
SN  - 066
UR  - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/aktuell/publikationen/publikationssuche/pub_suchergebnis/
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:40:02
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Influence of temperature on the spatial distribution of first spawning dates of the common frog (Rana temporaria) in the UK
AU  - Carroll, E. A.
AU  - Sparks, T. H.
AU  - Collinson, N.
AU  - Beebee, T. J. C.
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - Between 1998 and 2007, the UK Phenology Network collected nearly 70 000 records of the first spawn dates of the common frog Rana temporaria. Annual national mean dates varied by more than 2 weeks and were closely related to January–March temperatures. A 1 °C increase in Central England Temperature advanced national mean spawning by 5.1 days. The temporal pattern of spawning records varied between years; sometimes unimodal in form, sometimes multimodal, seemingly associated with steady or erratic rises in spring temperatures, respectively. Spatial patterns of frogspawn were similar in different years, the earliest records occurring in the southwest with records progressively later in the north and east. On average, 100 km of eastwards progression took 7.4 days and 100 km of northwards progression took 4.7 days. A composite map for the 1998–2007 period is constructed and compared with an earlier published map based on data 60 years previously. The similarity and dissimilarity of these two maps is discussed; the general progression pattern of frogspawn phenology is similar but an advance of a 10-day contour category is apparent. We anticipate further advances of frog spawning dates in the future and an increase in the numbers of pre-January 1 records of frog breeding.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01726.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
SP  - 467
EP  - 473
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01726.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:41:30
KW  - phenology
KW  - amphibians
KW  - breeding
KW  - frog
KW  - maps
KW  - spawn
KW  - temperature response
KW  - volunteer records
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Das Usutu-Virus als Ursache von Massensterben bei Amseln Turdus merula und anderen Vogelarten in Europa: Erfahrungen aus fünf Ausbrüchen zwischen 2001 und 2011
AU  - Bosch, Stefan
AU  - Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas
AU  - Fiedler, Wolfgang
T2  - Vogelwarte
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
SP  - 109
EP  - 122
ST  - Das Usutu-Virus als Ursache von Massensterben bei Amseln Turdus merula und anderen Vogelarten in Europa
UR  - http://www.do-g.de/index.php?id=169&L=0
Y2  - 2013/09/03/09:53:06
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climatic Risk Atlas of European Butterflies
AU  - Settele, Josef
AU  - Kudrna, Otakar
AU  - Harpke, Alexander
AU  - Kuehn, Ingolf
AU  - van Swaay, Chris
AU  - Verovnik, Rudi
AU  - Warren, Martin
AU  - Wiemers, Martin
AU  - Hanspach, Jan
AU  - Hickler, Thomas
AU  - Kühn, Elisabeth
AU  - van Halder, Inge
AU  - Veling, Kars
AU  - Vliegenthart, Albert
AU  - Wynhoff, Irma
AU  - Schweiger, Oliver
T2  - BioRisk – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Risk Assessment
DA  - 2008/12/03/
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.3897/biorisk.1
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 1
IS  - Special Issue
SN  - 1313-2652, 1313-2644
UR  - http://www.pensoft.net/journals/biorisk/article/568/
Y2  - 2013/09/03/19:02:52
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Simulation of climate-change scenarios to explain Usutu-virus dynamics in Austria
AU  - Brugger, Katharina
AU  - Rubel, Franz
T2  - Preventive Veterinary Medicine
DA  - 2009/01//
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.06.023
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 88
IS  - 1
SP  - 24
EP  - 31
SN  - 01675877
UR  - http://pisces.boku.ac.at/han/bokusummon/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587708001475
Y2  - 2013/08/30/08:44:19
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Tree line shifts in the Swiss Alps: Climate change or land abandonment?
AU  - Gehrig-Fasel, Jacqueline
AU  - Guisan, Antoine
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
T2  - Journal of Vegetation Science
AB  - Questions: Did the forest area in the Swiss Alps increase between 1985 and 1997? Does the forest expansion near the tree line represent an invasion into abandoned grasslands (ingrowth) or a true upward shift of the local tree line? What land cover / land use classes did primarily regenerate to forest, and what forest structural types did primarily regenerate? And, what are possible drivers of forest regeneration in the tree line ecotone, climate and/or land use change?Location: Swiss Alps.Methods: Forest expansion was quantified using data from the repeated Swiss land use statistics GEOSTAT. A moving window algorithm was developed to distinguish between forest ingrowth and upward shift. To test a possible climate change influence, the resulting upward shifts were compared to a potential regional tree line.Results: A significant increase of forest cover was found between 1650 m and 2450 m. Above 1650 m, 10% of the new forest areas were identified as true upward shifts whereas 90% represented ingrowth, and we identified both land use and climate change as likely drivers. Most upward shift activities were found to occur within a band of 300 m below the potential regional tree line, indicating land use as the most likely driver. Only 4% of the upward shifts were identified to rise above the potential regional tree line, thus indicating climate change.Conclusions: Land abandonment was the most dominant driver for the establishment of new forest areas, even at the tree line ecotone. However, a small fraction of upwards shift can be attributed to the recent climate warming, a fraction that is likely to increase further if climate continues to warm, and with a longer time-span between warming and measurement of forest cover.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02571.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
SP  - 571
EP  - 582
LA  - en
SN  - 1654-1103
ST  - Tree line shifts in the Swiss Alps
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02571.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/04/07:36:33
KW  - Forest cover change
KW  - Climatic tree line
KW  - Forest ingrowth
KW  - Land use change
KW  - Moving window analysis
KW  - Upward shift
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Future climate impact on the productivity of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Europe
AU  - Jones, P. D.
AU  - Lister, D. H.
AU  - Jaggard, K. W.
AU  - Pidgeon, J. D.
T2  - Climatic Change
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 58
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 93
EP  - 108
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1023420102432
Y2  - 2013/09/03/11:45:31
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe
AU  - Purse, Bethan V.
AU  - Mellor, Philip S.
AU  - Rogers, David J.
AU  - Samuel, Alan R.
AU  - Mertens, Peter PC
AU  - Baylis, Matthew
T2  - Nature Reviews Microbiology
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1038/nrmicro1090
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
SP  - 171
EP  - 181
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v3/n2/abs/nrmicro1090.html
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:53:47
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effect of nutrition on fatty acid profiles of riverine, lacustrine, and aquaculture-raised salmonids of pre-alpine habitats
AU  - Heissenberger, Martin
AU  - Watzke, Jörg
AU  - Kainz, Martin J.
T2  - Hydrobiologia
DA  - 2010/04/28/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1007/s10750-010-0266-z
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 650
IS  - 1
SP  - 243
EP  - 254
SN  - 0018-8158, 1573-5117
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10750-010-0266-z
Y2  - 2013/09/04/13:10:26
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Klimawandel und die Ausbreitung von Krankheiten: Durch Arthropoden übertragene Infektionen in Mitteleuropa
AU  - Aspöck, Horst
T2  - Entomologica Romanica
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
IS  - 12
SP  - 345
EP  - 365
SN  - 1224 - 2594
UR  - http://er.lepidoptera.ro/12_2007/ER12200737_Aspock.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change may cause severe loss in the economic value of European forest land
AU  - Hanewinkel, Marc
AU  - Cullmann, Dominik A.
AU  - Schelhaas, Mart-Jan
AU  - Nabuurs, Gert-Jan
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
T2  - Nature Climate Change
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
SP  - 203
EP  - 207
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate1687.html?WT.mc_id=FBK_NatureClimate
Y2  - 2013/09/03/15:36:33
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Synergies among extinction drivers under global change
AU  - Brook, B
AU  - Sodhi, N
AU  - Bradshaw, C
T2  - Trends in Ecology & Evolution
DA  - 2008/08//
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1016/j.tree.2008.03.011
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 23
IS  - 8
SP  - 453
EP  - 460
SN  - 01695347
UR  - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016953470800195X
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:38:07
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Modelling range shifts and assessing genetic diversity distribution of the montane aquatic mayfly Ameletus inopinatus in Europe under climate change scenarios
AU  - Taubmann, Julia
AU  - Theissinger, Kathrin
AU  - Feldheim, Kevin A.
AU  - Laube, Irina
AU  - Graf, Wolfram
AU  - Haase, Peter
AU  - Johannesen, Jes
AU  - Pauls, Steffen U.
T2  - Conservation Genetics
AB  - Genetic diversity is one of the most important criteria to identify unique populations for conservation purposes. In this study we analyze the genetic population structure of the endangered montane mayfly Ameletus inopinatus in its European range. The species is restricted to unpolluted cold-water streams, and exhibits an insular distribution across highlands of Central Europe and a more continuous distribution across Fennoscandia and Northern Euro-Siberia. We genotyped 389 individuals from 31 populations for eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci to investigate genetic diversity and population structure within and among European mountain ranges. Genetic diversity of A. inopinatus decreases along an east–west gradient in Central Europe and along a north–south gradient in Fennoscandia, respectively. Centres of exceptionally high genetic diversity are located in the Eastern Alps (Andertal Moor, Austria), the High Tatra, the Beskides, the Sudety Mountains and the Eastern German Highlands. Species distribution modelling for 2080 projects major regional habitat loss, particularly in Central Europe mountain ranges. By relating these range shifts to our population genetic results, we identify conservation units primarily in Eastern Europe, that if preserved would maintain high levels of the present-day genetic diversity and continue to provide long-term suitable habitat under future climate warming scenarios.
DA  - 2011/04/01/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1007/s10592-010-0157-x
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
SP  - 503
EP  - 515
J2  - Conserv Genet
LA  - en
SN  - 1566-0621, 1572-9737
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10592-010-0157-x
Y2  - 2013/09/03/19:08:13
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - evolutionary biology
KW  - Animal Anatomy / Morphology / Histology
KW  - Aquatic insects
KW  - Conservation
KW  - Conservation Biology/Ecology
KW  - microsatellites
KW  - Population genetics
KW  - Species distribution modelling
KW  - Wahlund effect
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Microalgae under Global Environmental Change: Implications for Growth and Productivity, Populations and Trophic Flow
AU  - Beardall, John
AU  - Stojkovic, Slobodanka
T2  - ScienceAsia
AB  - The world is currently going through a period of rapid change in global environment associated with increases in atmospheric CO2, rises in temperature and elevated UVBR fluxes at high and mid latitudes.
In this review, we analyse the consequences of such alterations in environmental factors for the microalgae that form the basis of many aquatic food chains. We show that the effects of these changes can be species specific, and so lead to shifts in community composition as well as biomass. These environmental factors also lead to changes in elemental and biochemical composition of microalgae and this can have consequences for the flow of energy and materials to higher trophic levels
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2006.32(s1).001
VL  - 32
IS  - Supplement 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
UR  - http://scienceasia.org/2006.32%28s1%29/v32s_001_010.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate Change and Global Wine Quality
AU  - Jones, Gregory V.
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Cooper, Owen R.
AU  - Storchmann, Karl
T2  - Climatic Change
DA  - 2005/12//
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1007/s10584-005-4704-2
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 73
IS  - 3
SP  - 319
EP  - 343
SN  - 0165-0009, 1573-1480
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-005-4704-2
Y2  - 2013/09/03/11:31:28
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Chikungunya in Europe
AU  - Queyriaux, Benjamin
AU  - Armengaud, Alexis
AU  - Jeannin, Charles
AU  - Couturier, Elisabeth
AU  - Peloux-Petiot, Fran\ccoise
T2  - The Lancet
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 371
IS  - 9614
SP  - 723
EP  - 724
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rapid spread of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi across Europe: a consequence of climate change?
AU  - Kumschick, Sabrina
AU  - Fronzek, Stefan
AU  - Entling, Martin H.
AU  - Nentwig, Wolfgang
T2  - Climatic Change
AB  - Numerous species are expanding their ranges towards the North Pole, a pattern that is usually explained with climate change. However, few studies have actually tested the potential role of climate in such range expansions. Here, we studied the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi, which has multiplied its range in Central and Northern Europe during the 20th century and is still spreading. Using current and historical climate data, we analysed whether this spread can be explained by climate warming, increasing cold tolerance or if it is unrelated to temperature. Spatial partial regression showed that the spread of A. bruennichi into formerly cooler areas is independent of spatial autocorrelation, indicating that it is driven by temperature. Some aspects of the spread, as e.g. the patchy distribution at the beginning of the century are likely to be relicts of climate fluctuations before our study period. From the middle of the 20th century until the 1980s, A. bruennichi was recorded from gradually cooler climates, while temperature was relatively constant. This indicates that A. bruennichi either increased its cold tolerance or that the spread continued with a time lag following an earlier warming event, due to dispersal limitation. In the last two decades, temperature rose sharply. The temperatures at which A. bruennichi was newly recorded increased as well, indicating that the spider is dispersal limited and that the spread will continue even in the absence of further climate warming.
DA  - 2011/12//
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1007/s10584-011-0139-0
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 109
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 319
EP  - 329
J2  - Climatic Change
LA  - en
SN  - 0165-0009, 1573-1480
ST  - Rapid spread of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi across Europe
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-011-0139-0
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:04:55
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mehr Misteln wegen der Klimaerwärmung
AU  - Hilker, N.
AU  - Rigling, A.
AU  - Dobbertin, M.
T2  - Wald Holz
A2  - WSL
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 86
IS  - 3
SP  - 39
EP  - 42
UR  - http://www.wsl.ch/fe/walddynamik/projekte/foehrensterben_wallis/publikationen/index_DE
Y2  - 2013/10/23/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Differences in the climatic debts of birds and butterflies at a continental scale
AU  - Devictor, Vincent
AU  - van Swaay, Chris
AU  - Brereton, Tom
AU  - Brotons, Lluı´s
AU  - Chamberlain, Dan
AU  - Heliölä, Janne
AU  - Herrando, Sergi
AU  - Julliard, Romain
AU  - Kuussaari, Mikko
AU  - Lindström, Åke
AU  - Reif, Jiřı´
AU  - Roy, David B.
AU  - Schweiger, Oliver
AU  - Settele, Josef
AU  - Stefanescu, Constantı´
AU  - Van Strien, Arco
AU  - Van Turnhout, Chris
AU  - Vermouzek, Zdeněk
AU  - WallisDeVries, Michiel
AU  - Wynhoff, Irma
AU  - Jiguet, Frédéric
T2  - Nature Climate Change
AB  - Climate changes have profound effects on the distribution of numerous plant and animal species. However, whether and how different taxonomic groups are able to track climate changes at large spatial scales is still unclear. Here, we measure and compare the climatic debt accumulated by bird and butterfly communities at a European scale over two decades (1990–2008). We quantified the yearly change in community composition in response to climate change for 9,490 bird and 2,130 butterfly communities distributed across Europe. We show that changes in community composition are rapid but different between birds and butterflies and equivalent to a 37 and 114 km northward shift in bird and butterfly communities, respectively. We further found that, during the same period, the northward shift in temperature in Europe was even faster, so that the climatic debts of birds and butterflies correspond to a 212 and 135 km lag behind climate. Our results indicate both that birds and butterflies do not keep up with temperature increase and the accumulation of different climatic debts for these groups at national and continental scales.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1038/nclimate1347
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
SP  - 121
EP  - 124
J2  - Nature Clim. Change
LA  - en
SN  - 1758-678X
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v2/n2/full/nclimate1347.html
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:56:31
KW  - ecology
KW  - Biodiversity and ecosystems
KW  - biology
KW  - Conservation
KW  - Biological sciences
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Physiological responses of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle to prolonged, continuous heat and humidity
AU  - Beatty, D. T.
AU  - Barnes, A.
AU  - Taylor, E.
AU  - Pethick, D.
AU  - McCarthy, M.
AU  - Maloney, S. K.
T2  - Journal of Animal Science
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 84
IS  - 4
SP  - 972
EP  - 985
UR  - http://www.journalofanimalscience.org/content/84/4/972.short
Y2  - 2013/09/03/09:33:40
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Die Datenbank der Pilze Österreichs
AU  - Dämon, Wolfgang
AU  - Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard
T2  - Stapfia
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 96
SP  - 245
EP  - 330
UR  - http://www.univie.ac.at/pilzdatenbank/documents/Daemon_Krisai_2012_Datenbank_der_Pilze_Oesterreichs_STAPFIA_0096_0245_0330.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Response of aboveground grassland biomass and soil moisture to moderate long-term CO2 enrichment
AU  - Kammann, C.
AU  - Grünhage, L.
AU  - Grüters, U.
AU  - Janze, S.
AU  - Jäger, H.-J.
T2  - Basic and Applied Ecology
DA  - 2005/08//
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1016/j.baae.2005.01.011
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
SP  - 351
EP  - 365
SN  - 14391791
UR  - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1439179105000137
Y2  - 2013/09/03/11:47:08
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming
AU  - Pounds, J. Alan
AU  - Bustamante, Martín R.
AU  - Coloma, Luis A.
AU  - Consuegra, Jamie A.
AU  - Fogden, Michael P. L.
AU  - Foster, Pru N.
AU  - La Marca, Enrique
AU  - Masters, Karen L.
AU  - Merino-Viteri, Andrés
AU  - Puschendorf, Robert
AU  - Ron, Santiago R.
AU  - Sánchez-Azofeifa, G. Arturo
AU  - Still, Christopher J.
AU  - Young, Bruce E.
T2  - Nature
AB  - As the Earth warms, many species are likely to disappear, often because of changing disease dynamics. Here we show that a recent mass extinction associated with pathogen outbreaks is tied to global warming. Seventeen years ago, in the mountains of Costa Rica, the Monteverde harlequin frog (Atelopus sp.) vanished along with the golden toad (Bufo periglenes). An estimated 67% of the 110 or so species of Atelopus, which are endemic to the American tropics, have met the same fate, and a pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) is implicated. Analysing the timing of losses in relation to changes in sea surface and air temperatures, we conclude with 'very high confidence' (> 99%, following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) that large-scale warming is a key factor in the disappearances. We propose that temperatures at many highland localities are shifting towards the growth optimum of Batrachochytrium, thus encouraging outbreaks. With climate change promoting infectious disease and eroding biodiversity, the urgency of reducing greenhouse-gas concentrations is now undeniable.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1038/nature04246
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 439
IS  - 7073
SP  - 161
EP  - 167
J2  - Nature
LA  - en
SN  - 0028-0836
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v439/n7073/abs/nature04246.html
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:28:16
KW  - Climate change
KW  - ecology
KW  - immunology
KW  - evolution
KW  - developmental biology
KW  - science
KW  - earth science
KW  - environmental science
KW  - astronomy
KW  - astrophysics
KW  - biochemistry
KW  - bioinformatics
KW  - biology
KW  - biotechnology
KW  - cancer
KW  - cell cycle
KW  - computational biology
KW  - development
KW  - DNA
KW  - drug discovery
KW  - evolutionary biology
KW  - functional genomics
KW  - genetics
KW  - genomics
KW  - geophysics
KW  - interdisciplinary science
KW  - life
KW  - marine biology
KW  - materials science
KW  - medical research
KW  - medicine
KW  - metabolomics
KW  - molecular biology
KW  - molecular interactions
KW  - nanotechnology
KW  - Nature
KW  - neurobiology
KW  - neuroscience
KW  - palaeobiology
KW  - pharmacology
KW  - physics
KW  - proteomics
KW  - quantum physics
KW  - RNA
KW  - science news
KW  - science policy
KW  - signal transduction
KW  - structural biology
KW  - systems biology
KW  - transcriptomics
KW  - cell signalling.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Modelling the effects of climate change on the potential feeding activity of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Notodontidae) in France
AU  - Robinet, Christelle
AU  - Baier, Peter
AU  - Pennerstorfer, Josef
AU  - Schopf, Axel
AU  - Roques, Alain
T2  - Global Ecology and Biogeography
AB  - Aim We investigated whether climate change has affected the potential feeding activity of a winter active larva, the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa L., and whether it may explain its range expansion.Location The study area is France and, at a smaller scale, the Paris Basin.Methods We used a statistical model derived from Huchon and Démolin [1970 Revue Forestière Française (special issue: La lutte biologique en forêt), 220–234] to test whether their model, updated with climate change, could explain the observed range expansion. Since Battisti and colleagues have recently shown that climate could affect survival of the PPM through its effect on feeding activity, we also developed a mechanistic model based on larval feeding requirements (night air temperature above 0 °C and temperature inside the nest above 9 °C on the preceding day). We reconstructed the geographical distribution of feeding activity and we compared the resulting change with the PPM range expansion.Results The statistical model did not successfully predict the observed expansion but the mechanistic model showed considerable change in the feeding activity of the PPM. In the Paris Basin, the PPM border coincided with a zone unfavourable for feeding activity in the period 1992–96. Feeding conditions became more favourable in the period 2001–04, and the PPM succeeded in crossing this zone. Over larger temporal and spatial scales improved feeding conditions in the north-western part of France were forecast by the mechanistic model.Main conclusions (1) The range distribution of the PPM in the Paris Basin is no longer limited by unfavourable feeding conditions. (2) The pattern of range expansion of the PPM is now governed mainly by its dispersal capabilities and host tree distribution. (3) At the country scale, this approach gives an approximate prediction of the potential distribution of the PPM, though the model may not be reliable in mountainous regions.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2006.00302.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
SP  - 460
EP  - 471
LA  - en
SN  - 1466-8238
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2006.00302.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:49:58
KW  - Climate change
KW  - modelling
KW  - feeding activity
KW  - range expansion
KW  - spatial dynamics
KW  - Thaumetopoea pityocampa
KW  - Bioclimatic envelope
KW  - forest defoliator
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Auswirkungen des Stallklimas auf die Gesundheit und die Produktivität von Rindern und Schweinen
AU  - Groth, W.
T2  - Zentralbl Veterinarmed B.
DA  - 1984/09//
PY  - 1984
VL  - 31
IS  - 8
SP  - 561
EP  - 584
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Climate change impacts on forest health
AU  - Moore, B.A.
AU  - Allard, G.B.
T2  - Forest Resources Development Service
CY  - Rome
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
M3  - Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers FBS/34E
PB  - Forest Management Division, FAO
UR  - http://www.fao.org/forestry/pests/83456/en/
Y2  - 2013/11/06/
N1  - <p>PDF fehlt, Infos ev nicht vollständig</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology
AU  - Guisan, Antoine
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
T2  - Ecological Modelling
AB  - With the rise of new powerful statistical techniques and GIS tools, the development of predictive habitat distribution models has rapidly increased in ecology. Such models are static and probabilistic in nature, since they statistically relate the geographical distribution of species or communities to their present environment. A wide array of models has been developed to cover aspects as diverse as biogeography, conservation biology, climate change research, and habitat or species management. In this paper, we present a review of predictive habitat distribution modeling. The variety of statistical techniques used is growing. Ordinary multiple regression and its generalized form (GLM) are very popular and are often used for modeling species distributions. Other methods include neural networks, ordination and classification methods, Bayesian models, locally weighted approaches (e.g. GAM), environmental envelopes or even combinations of these models. The selection of an appropriate method should not depend solely on statistical considerations. Some models are better suited to reflect theoretical findings on the shape and nature of the species’ response (or realized niche). Conceptual considerations include e.g. the trade-off between optimizing accuracy versus optimizing generality. In the field of static distribution modeling, the latter is mostly related to selecting appropriate predictor variables and to designing an appropriate procedure for model selection. New methods, including threshold-independent measures (e.g. receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-plots) and resampling techniques (e.g. bootstrap, cross-validation) have been introduced in ecology for testing the accuracy of predictive models. The choice of an evaluation measure should be driven primarily by the goals of the study. This may possibly lead to the attribution of different weights to the various types of prediction errors (e.g. omission, commission or confusion). Testing the model in a wider range of situations (in space and time) will permit one to define the range of applications for which the model predictions are suitable. In turn, the qualification of the model depends primarily on the goals of the study that define the qualification criteria and on the usability of the model, rather than on statistics alone.
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00354-9
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 135
IS  - 2–3
SP  - 147
EP  - 186
J2  - Ecological Modelling
SN  - 0304-3800
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380000003549
Y2  - 2013/09/02/12:22:03
KW  - Plant Ecology
KW  - Model evaluation
KW  - Biogeography
KW  - GIS
KW  - Model applicability
KW  - Model calibration
KW  - Model credibility
KW  - Model formulation
KW  - Model predictions
KW  - Species models
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Vegetation models
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change and bark beetles of the western United States and Canada: direct and indirect effects
AU  - Bentz, Barbara J.
AU  - Régnière, Jacques
AU  - Fettig, Christopher J.
AU  - Hansen, E. Matthew
AU  - Hayes, Jane L.
AU  - Hicke, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Kelsey, Rick G.
AU  - Negrón, Jose F.
AU  - Seybold, Steven J.
T2  - BioScience
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 60
IS  - 8
SP  - 602
EP  - 613
ST  - Climate change and bark beetles of the western United States and Canada
UR  - http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1525/bio.2010.60.8.6
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:22:50
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Die Alpen im" Treibhaus": Nachweise für das erwärmungsbedingte Höhersteigen der alpinen und nivalen Vegetation
AU  - Gottfried, Michael
AU  - Pauli, Harald
AU  - Grabherr, Georg
T2  - Jahrbuch des Vereins zum Schutz der Bergwelt
DA  - 1994///
PY  - 1994
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 59
SP  - 13
EP  - 27
ST  - Die Alpen im" Treibhaus"
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Fruchtfolgen: [konventionell, integriert, biologisch
AU  - Freyer, Bernhard
CY  - Stuttgart (Hohenheim)
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DP  - Open WorldCat
LA  - German
PB  - Ulmer
SN  - 3-8001-3576-0 978-3-8001-3576-9
ST  - Fruchtfolgen
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Über den Einfluss der Düngungsintensität auf den N-Kreislauf im alpenländischen Grünland
AU  - Pötsch, E. M.
T2  - Die Bodenkultur
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
SP  - 19
EP  - 27
UR  - http://www.boku.ac.at/diebodenkultur/volltexte/band-49/heft-1/poetsch.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/07/
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Long-Term Monitoring of Mountain Peaks in The Alps
AU  - Grabherr, G.
AU  - Gottfried, Michael
AU  - Pauli, Harald
T2  - Biomonitoring: General and Applied Aspects on Regional and Global Scales
A2  - Burga, C.A.
A2  - Kratochvil, A.
T3  - Tasks for vegetation science
AB  - This volume contains a selection of 14 articles dealing with different aspects of biomonitoring and their relation to questions of global change. The first part concerns general aspects of biomonitoring. The second part gives ...
CY  - Dordrecht
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DP  - www.springer.com
SP  - 153
EP  - 177
PB  - Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. / Kluwer Academic Publishers
SN  - 978-90-481-5621-4 (Print) 978-94-015-9686-2 (Online)
UR  - http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/ecology/book/978-0-7923-6734-5
Y2  - 2013/10/23/
KW  - Atmospheric Sciences
KW  - Plant Ecology
KW  - Biomonitoring: General and Applied Aspects on Regional and Global Scales
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Klimawandel und landwirtschaftliche Produktion
AU  - Calanca, Pierluigi
AU  - Fuhrer, Jürg
AU  - Jasper, Karsten
AU  - Torriani, Daniele
AU  - Keller, Franziska
AU  - Dueri, Sibylle
T2  - Agrarforschung
AB  - Der bevorstehende Klimawandel könnte auch für die Schweizer Landwirtschaft zu einer grossen Herausforderung werden. Wichtige Fragen in diesem Zusammenhang betreffen das Ausmass der Klimaänderung, die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf heutige Agrarökosysteme und die Möglichkeiten, welche der Landwirtschaft für eine
gezielte Anpassung zur Verfügung stehen. Die Beantwortung dieser Fragen ist Ziel des Projekts «GRASS – Climate Change and Food Production», das Agroscope FAL Reckenholz 2001 als Beitrag zum Nationalen Forschungsschwerpunkt (NFS) Klima
lanciert hat.
Die Untersuchungen der ersten vier Forschungsjahre haben sich an die Klimaszenarien des «Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change» gehalten. Die Resultate zeigen, dass
in der Schweiz mit einer grösseren Variabilität des regionalen Klimas zu rechnen ist. Von der neuen Situation profitieren dürften die Futterpflanzen, wogegen die Auswirkungen auf das Sommergetreide ohne Anpassung der Sorten eher negativ ausfallen könnten. Das steigende Risiko für Dürreperioden wird eine bessere Absicherung der Betriebsein - nahmen erfordern. Die Erarbeitung und Umsetzung von Anpassungsstrategien für die Bewirtschaftung wird in der zweiten Phase von GRASS an Bedeutung gewinnen.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
SP  - 392
EP  - 397
UR  - http://www.bioland.de/fileadmin/bioland/file/aktuelles/fachtagung/tagungsbericht_klimatagung_2006/klimatagung_beitrag_calanca.pdf
Y2  - 2013/09/03/09:56:15
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - 21st century climate change threatens mountain flora unequally across Europe
AU  - Engler, Robin
AU  - Randin, Christophe F.
AU  - Thuiller, Wilfried
AU  - Dullinger, Stefan
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
AU  - Araújo, Miguel B.
AU  - Pearman, Peter B.
AU  - Le Lay, Gwenaëlle
AU  - Piedallu, Christian
AU  - Albert, Cécile H.
AU  - Choler, Philippe
AU  - Coldea, Gheorghe
AU  - De LAMO, Xavier
AU  - Dirnböck, Thomas
AU  - Gégout, Jean-Claude
AU  - Gómez-García, Daniel
AU  - Grytnes, John-Arvid
AU  - Heegaard, Einar
AU  - Høistad, Fride
AU  - Nogués-Bravo, David
AU  - Normand, Signe
AU  - Puşcaş, Mihai
AU  - Sebastià, Maria-Teresa
AU  - Stanisci, Angela
AU  - Theurillat, Jean-Paul
AU  - Trivedi, Mandar R.
AU  - Vittoz, Pascal
AU  - Guisan, Antoine
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - Continental-scale assessments of 21st century global impacts of climate change on biodiversity have forecasted range contractions for many species. These coarse resolution studies are, however, of limited relevance for projecting risks to biodiversity in mountain systems, where pronounced microclimatic variation could allow species to persist locally, and are ill-suited for assessment of species-specific threat in particular regions. Here, we assess the impacts of climate change on 2632 plant species across all major European mountain ranges, using high-resolution (ca. 100 m) species samples and data expressing four future climate scenarios. Projected habitat loss is greater for species distributed at higher elevations; depending on the climate scenario, we find 36–55% of alpine species, 31–51% of subalpine species and 19–46% of montane species lose more than 80% of their suitable habitat by 2070–2100. While our high-resolution analyses consistently indicate marked levels of threat to cold-adapted mountain florae across Europe, they also reveal unequal distribution of this threat across the various mountain ranges. Impacts on florae from regions projected to undergo increased warming accompanied by decreased precipitation, such as the Pyrenees and the Eastern Austrian Alps, will likely be greater than on florae in regions where the increase in temperature is less pronounced and rainfall increases concomitantly, such as in the Norwegian Scandes and the Scottish Highlands. This suggests that change in precipitation, not only warming, plays an important role in determining the potential impacts of climate change on vegetation.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02393.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 17
IS  - 7
SP  - 2330
EP  - 2341
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02393.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/04/07:34:46
KW  - species distribution models
KW  - Global change
KW  - Alpine plants
KW  - Europe vegetation
KW  - impact assessment
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A World Awash with Nitrogen
AU  - Elser, James J.
T2  - Science
DA  - 2011/12/16/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1126/science.1215567
DP  - www.sciencemag.org
VL  - 334
IS  - 6062
SP  - 1504
EP  - 1505
J2  - Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0036-8075, 1095-9203
UR  - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6062/1504
Y2  - 2013/10/22/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration and Phytoplankton Biomass in High-Mountain Lakes of the Austrian Alps: Potential Effect of Climatic Warming on UV Underwater Attenuation
AU  - Sommaruga, Ruben
AU  - Psenner, Roland
AU  - Schafferer, Ellen
AU  - Koinig, Karin A.
AU  - Sommaruga-Wograth, Sabine
T2  - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
DA  - 1999/08//
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.2307/1552253
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
SN  - 15230430
ST  - Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration and Phytoplankton Biomass in High-Mountain Lakes of the Austrian Alps
UR  - http://www.jstor.org/stable/i269579
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:40:30
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rapid microevolution of migratory behaviour in a wild bird species
AU  - Berthold, P.
AU  - Helbig, A. J.
AU  - Mohr, G.
AU  - Querner, U.
T2  - Nature
DA  - 1992/12/17/
PY  - 1992
DO  - 10.1038/360668a0
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 360
IS  - 6405
SP  - 668
EP  - 670
SN  - 0028-0836
UR  - http://pisces.boku.ac.at/han/scopus/www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026616507&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=Rapid+microevolution+of+migratory+behaviour+in+a+wild+bird+species&sid=7B72FDA145D2AC35B957B0DC287FD1D5.CnvicAmOODVwpVrjSeqQ%3a1540&sot=q&sdt=b&sl=86&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Rapid+microevolution+of+migratory+behaviour+in+a+wild+bird+species%29&relpos=0&relpos=0&citeCnt=189&searchTerm=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Rapid+microevolution+of+migratory+behaviour+in+a+wild+bird+species%29
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:27:23
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Sustainability of Crop Production Systems under Climate Change
AU  - Fuhrer, J.
T2  - Agroecosystems in a Changing Climate
A2  - Newton, Paul C. D.
A2  - Carran, R. Andrew
A2  - Edwards, Grant R.
A2  - Niklaus, Pascal A.
AB  - Agroecosystems in a Changing Climate considers the consequences of changes in the atmosphere and climate on the integrity, stability, and productivity of agroecosystems. The book adopts a novel approach by bringing together theoretical contributions from ecologists and the applied interpretations of agriculturalists. Drawing these two approaches together, the book provides the theoretical underpinning that guides scientists on what phenomena to look for, looking beyond first-order responses in the creation of sustainable agroecosystems. This unique approach provides an interpretation of ecological insights and general theory, and then relates them to agroecosystem performance. Each section of the book combines general principles of response with an examination of the applied consequences. The authors cover the supply of resources necessary to sustain agriculture in the future and discuss the incidence of pests, weeds, diseases, and their control. They provide an understanding of how the population biology of organisms will change and the adaptations that might be possible. The book also explores plant breeding solutions and the capacity for adaptation that exists in plant populations. In addition to the full chapters, the book includes Special Example chapters that deal in more detail with specific issues. Presenting a global perspective of climate change effects on agricultural production, Agroecosystems in a Changing Climate establishes connections between the immediate effects of change and the longer-term processes that will ultimately determine the consequences for agroecosystems and therefore the potential for adaptation.
CY  - Florida
DA  - 2006/09/01/
PY  - 2006
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 167
EP  - 185
LA  - en
PB  - CRC Press
SN  - 978-1-4200-0382-6
KW  - Technology & Engineering / Agriculture / Agronomy / Soil Science
KW  - Technology & Engineering / Agriculture / Forestry
KW  - Nature / Ecology
KW  - Science / Life Sciences / Botany
KW  - Technology & Engineering / Agriculture / General
KW  - Science / Life Sciences / Biological Diversity
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Coherent Signature of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Deposition to Remote Watersheds of the Northern Hemisphere
AU  - Holtgrieve, Gordon W.
AU  - Schindler, Daniel E.
AU  - Hobbs, William O.
AU  - Leavitt, Peter R.
AU  - Ward, Eric J.
AU  - Bunting, Lynda
AU  - Chen, Guangjie
AU  - Finney, Bruce P.
AU  - Gregory-Eaves, Irene
AU  - Holmgren, Sofia
AU  - Lisac, Mark J.
AU  - Lisi, Peter J.
AU  - Nydick, Koren
AU  - Rogers, Lauren A.
AU  - Saros, Jasmine E.
AU  - Selbie, Daniel T.
AU  - Shapley, Mark D.
AU  - Walsh, Patrick B.
AU  - Wolfe, Alexander P.
T2  - Science
AB  - Humans have more than doubled the amount of reactive nitrogen (Nr) added to the biosphere, yet most of what is known about its accumulation and ecological effects is derived from studies of heavily populated regions. Nitrogen (N) stable isotope ratios (15N:14N) in dated sediments from 25 remote Northern Hemisphere lakes show a coherent signal of an isotopically distinct source of N to ecosystems beginning in 1895 ± 10 years (±1 standard deviation). Initial shifts in N isotope composition recorded in lake sediments coincide with anthropogenic CO2 emissions but accelerate with widespread industrial Nr production during the past half century. Although current atmospheric Nr deposition rates in remote regions are relatively low, anthropogenic N has probably influenced watershed N budgets across the Northern Hemisphere for over a century.
DA  - 2011/12/16/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1126/science.1212267
DP  - www.sciencemag.org
VL  - 334
IS  - 6062
SP  - 1545
EP  - 1548
J2  - Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0036-8075, 1095-9203
UR  - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6062/1545
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:49:05
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What can scenario modelling tell us about future European scale agricultural land use, and what not?
AU  - Audsley, E.
AU  - Pearn, K.R.
AU  - Simota, C.
AU  - Cojocaru, G.
AU  - Koutsidou, E.
AU  - Rounsevell, M.D.A.
AU  - Trnka, M.
AU  - Alexandrov, V.
T2  - Environmental Science & Policy
AB  - Given scenarios describing future climates and socio-techno-economics, this study estimates the consequences for agricultural land use, combining models of crop growth and farm decision making to predict profitability over the whole of Europe, driven solely by soil and climate at each location. Each location is then classified by its profitability as intensive or extensive agriculture or not suitable for agriculture.

The main effects of both climate and socio-economics were in the agriculturally marginal areas of Europe. The results showed the effect of different climates is relatively small, whereas there are large variations when economic scenarios are included. Only Finland's agricultural area significantly responds to climate by increasing at the expense of forests in several scenarios. Several locations show more difference due to climate model (PCM versus HadCM3) than emission scenario, because of large differences in predicted precipitation, notably the Ardennes switching to arable in HadCM3.

Scenario modelling has identified several such regions where there is a need to be watchful, but few where all of the scenario results agree, suggesting great uncertainty in future projections. Thus, it has not been possible to predict any futures, though all results agree that in Central Europe, changes are likely to be relatively small.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1016/j.envsci.2005.11.008
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 148
EP  - 162
J2  - Environmental Science & Policy
SN  - 1462-9011
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901105001498
Y2  - 2013/09/06/06:58:55
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Agricultural land use
KW  - Crop model
KW  - Farm decision model
KW  - Scenarios
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Einflüsse des Klimawandels auf landwirtschaftliche Schädlinge und Nützlinge im Biologischen Landbau Ostösterreichs.
AU  - Grünbacher, E. M.
AU  - Kromp, B.
AU  - Formayer, H.
AU  - Hann, P.
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DP  - Google Scholar
M3  - Endbericht zum Projekt StartClim2005. C3-a, Teilprojekt von StartClim2005 „Klimawandel und Gesundheit!
SN  - StartClim2005.C3-a
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/startclim/
Y2  - 2013/10/23/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Libellen als Indikatoren der Klimaänderung–Ergebnisse aus Deutschland und Konsequenzen für den Naturschutz
AU  - Ott, J.
T2  - Insecta–Zeitschrift für Entomologie und Naturschutz
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 11
SP  - 75
EP  - 89
UR  - http://www.lupogmbh.de/index.php?e1=5&lang=5
Y2  - 2013/11/07/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Incidence of climate on common frog breeding: Long-term and short-term changes
AU  - Neveu, André
T2  - Acta Oecologica
AB  - In Brittany (northwest France), the climate is showing a trend toward warming. This change is increasingly suspected to have a role in driving amphibian decline, but it is very difficult to determine at what level the climate affects the future of species. Recently, some studies have detected some direct effects on breeding phenology and indirect effects on energy allocation. The present study explores some of these effects on the common frog (Rana temporaria) from 1984 to 2007.

The results show two trends: a long-term change in breeding activities and a short-term influence due to the 2003 climatic anomaly. For the period of study, the start of egg-laying shows a precocity that was correlated with thermal conditions during the preceding 40 days as well as milder springs during the previous year. This degree of precocity is currently the highest found in Europe (+26.6 days). As a result of the 2003 heat wave, the clutch mean fecundity in 2004 was smaller than for other years, the fecundity rates were reduced and abortions were numerous (unlike other years). Moreover, young females were the smallest observed in recent years and some females seemed to exhibit a trade-off between fecundity and growth. Before or after egg-laying, female body condition and mean weight of mature ovules were both lower. The year 2005 appears as a transition period before the recovery in 2006–2007.

The results show that climate warming endangers the vital rates of the common frog, while the 2003 climatic events seem more detrimental than the long-term warming trend.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1016/j.actao.2009.06.012
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 35
IS  - 5
SP  - 671
EP  - 678
J2  - Acta Oecologica
SN  - 1146-609X
ST  - Incidence of climate on common frog breeding
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1146609X0900085X
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:21:13
KW  - climate warming
KW  - reproduction
KW  - France
KW  - Long-term series
KW  - Rana temporaria
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Benthic Algae in High Altitude Streams of the Alps – a Neglected Component of the Aquatic Biota
AU  - Rott, E.
AU  - Cantonati, M.
AU  - Füreder, L.
AU  - Pfister, P.
T2  - Hydrobiologia
AB  - This is a review on benthic algae from streams situated above the tree line in the Alps. It integrates published and unpublished data from alpine streams in Austria and in the Trento Province (Northern Italy). The main focus is on the structural and taxonomic composition of benthic algae including macro- and micro-algae and their contribution to the epilithic biofilm and the stream food-web. The environmental conditions relevant to algae within the two major stream types, the glacial (glacier-fed) and non-glacial krenal (spring-fed) stream are discussed. The paper considers both the maximum possible structural complexity of transverse algae zonation in cascading alpine/subalpine stream segments, and the effects of glacial water on species richness in the Central Alps in Austria. Autecological data are given for 46 common diatoms from 42 sites in the Central Eastern and Southern Central Alps and for 30 algae in addition to diatoms for 22 streams in the Central Eastern Alps. Since data on responses of benthic algae to the harsh conditions in high altitude Alpine streams are very scarce, results from literature and the author’s experiences from these and other mountain stream types are synthesized to formulate major objectives for future research in benthic high altitude Alpine stream ecology.
DA  - 2006/06/01/
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1007/s10750-005-1811-z
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 562
IS  - 1
SP  - 195
EP  - 216
J2  - Hydrobiologia
LA  - en
SN  - 0018-8158, 1573-5117
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10750-005-1811-z
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:31:30
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - ecology
KW  - diatoms
KW  - seasonality
KW  - Hydrobiology
KW  - species traits
KW  - glacio-rhithral
KW  - zonations
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Influences of species, latitudes and methodologies on estimates of phenological response to global warming
AU  - Parmesan, Camille
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - New analyses are presented addressing the global impacts of recent climate change on phenology of plant and animal species. A meta-analysis spanning 203 species was conducted on published datasets from the northern hemisphere. Phenological response was examined with respect to two factors: distribution of species across latitudes and taxonomic affiliation or functional grouping of target species. Amphibians had a significantly stronger shift toward earlier breeding than all other taxonomic/functional groups, advancing more than twice as fast as trees, birds and butterflies. In turn, butterfly emergence or migratory arrival showed three times stronger advancement than the first flowering of herbs, perhaps portending increasing asynchrony in insect–plant interactions. Response was significantly stronger at higher latitudes where warming has been stronger, but latitude explained < 4% of the variation. Despite expectation, latitude was not yet an important predictor of climate change impacts on phenology. The only two previously published estimates of the magnitude of global response are quite different: 2.3 and 5.1 days decade−1 advancement. The scientific community has assumed this difference to be real and has attempted to explain it in terms of biologically relevant phenomena: specifically, differences in distribution of data across latitudes, taxa or time periods. Here, these and other possibilities are explored. All analyses indicate that the difference in estimated response is primarily due to differences between the studies in criteria for incorporating data. It is a clear and automatic consequence of the exclusion by one study of data on ‘stable’ (nonresponsive) species. Once this is accounted for, the two studies support each other, generating similar conclusions despite analyzing substantially nonoverlapping datasets. Analyses here on a new expanded dataset estimate an overall spring advancement across the northern hemisphere of 2.8 days decade−1. This is the first quantitative analysis showing that data-sampling methodologies significantly impact global (synthetic) estimates of magnitude of global warming response.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01404.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 13
IS  - 9
SP  - 1860
EP  - 1872
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01404.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:25:36
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Temperature
KW  - global warming
KW  - latitude
KW  - phenology
KW  - trophic interactions
KW  - meta-analysis
KW  - animal
KW  - insect–plant interactions
KW  - plant
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Auswirkungen von Bodentrockenheit auf die Transpiration österreichischer Baumarten
AU  - Wohlfahrt, G.
AU  - Mayr, S.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
SP  - 32
M3  - Endbericht von StartClim2011.C in StartClim2011: Anpassung an den Klimawandel - Themenfeld Wald
PB  - Auftraggeber: BMLFUW, BMWF, ÖBF
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/fileadmin/user_upload/StartClim2011_reports/StCl11C.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/09/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation in Agriculture. Extended Abstracts of the International Symosium
T2  - Boku-Met Report
A3  - Eitzinger, Josef
A3  - Kubu, Gerhard
CY  - Vienna
DA  - 2009/06/22/23
PY  - 2009
DP  - Google Scholar
M1  - 17
PB  - University of Natural Ressources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna
SN  - ISSN 1994-4179 (Print), ISSN 1994-4187 (Online)
ST  - Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation in Agriculture
UR  - http://www.boku.ac.at/met/report/BOKU-Met_Report_17_online.pdf
Y2  - 2013/10/22/
N1  - <div style="font-size: 14.64px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 113.44px; top: 112.399px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00362, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">This publication should be cited as follows:</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.64px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 113.44px; top: 137.287px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00462, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Eitzinger, J., Kubu, G. (eds.), (2009): Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation in Agriculture.</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.64px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 113.44px; top: 154.255px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00269, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Extended Abstracts of the International Symosium,</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.64px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 457.275px; top: 154.255px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.0035, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">University of Natural Resources and Ap-</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.64px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 113.44px; top: 171.691px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00438, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">plied Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, June 22-23 2009.</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.64px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 471.523px; top: 171.691px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00281, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">BOKU-Met Report</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.64px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 594.644px; top: 171.691px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00296, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">17</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.64px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 610.959px; top: 171.691px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00285, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">, ISSN 1994-4179</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.64px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 113.442px; top: 188.731px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00543, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">(Print), ISSN 1994-4187 (Online) - http://www.boku.ac.at/met/report</div>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Signals of range expansions and contractions of vascular plants in the high Alps: observations (1994–2004) at the GLORIA* master site Schrankogel, Tyrol, Austria
AU  - Pauli, Harald
AU  - Gottfried, Michael
AU  - Reiter, Karl
AU  - Klettner, Christian
AU  - Grabherr, Georg
T2  - Global Change Biology
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01282.x
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SP  - 147
EP  - 156
ST  - Signals of range expansions and contractions of vascular plants in the high Alps
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01282.x/full
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:09:26
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change and plant distribution: local models predict high-elevation persistence
AU  - Randin, Christophe F.
AU  - Engler, Robin
AU  - Normand, Signe
AU  - Zappa, Massimiliano
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
AU  - Pearman, Peter B.
AU  - Vittoz, Pascal
AU  - Thuiller, Wilfried
AU  - Guisan, Antoine
T2  - Global Change Biology
DA  - 2009/06//
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01766.x
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
SP  - 1557
EP  - 1569
SN  - 13541013, 13652486
ST  - Climate change and plant distribution
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01766.x
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:10:54
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Einfluß des Klimawandels auf die Tiergesundheit
AU  - Grummer, J.
T2  - Landwirtschaft im Klimawandel: Auswirkungen und Anpassungsstrategien für die Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Mitteleuropa
A2  - Eitzinger, Josef
A2  - Kersebaum, Kurt Christian
A2  - Formayer, Herbert
CN  - S600.64.E865 E38 2009
CY  - Clenze
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
SP  - 219
EP  - 235
PB  - Agrimedia
SN  - 978-3-86037-378-1
KW  - Economic aspects
KW  - climate
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Crops and climate
KW  - Europe, Central
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Lebensraumtypen und Diversitätsgradienten lotischer Algen in einem Gletschereinzugsgebiet
AU  - Rott, E.
AU  - Gesierich, D.
AU  - Binder, N.
T2  - Glaziale und periglaziale Lebensräume im Raum Obergurgl
A2  - Koch, Eva-Maria
A2  - Erschbamer, Brigitta
T3  - Series / Alpine Forschungsstelle Obergurgl
CN  - QH145 .G53 2010
CY  - Innsbruck
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
PB  - Innsbruck University Press
SN  - 978-3-902719-50-8
SV  - Bd. 1
KW  - Glaciers
KW  - Austria Obergurgl
KW  - Natural history
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Will extreme climatic events facilitate biological invasions?
AU  - Diez, Jeffrey M
AU  - D'Antonio, Carla M
AU  - Dukes, Jeffrey S
AU  - Grosholz, Edwin D
AU  - Olden, Julian D
AU  - Sorte, Cascade JB
AU  - Blumenthal, Dana M
AU  - Bradley, Bethany A
AU  - Early, Regan
AU  - Ibáñez, Inés
AU  - Jones, Sierra J
AU  - Lawler, Joshua J
AU  - Miller, Luke P
T2  - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
AB  - Extreme climatic events (ECEs) – such as unusual heat waves, hurricanes, floods, and droughts – can dramatically affect ecological and evolutionary processes, and these events are projected to become more frequent and more intense with ongoing climate change. However, the implications of ECEs for biological invasions remain poorly understood. Using concepts and empirical evidence from invasion ecology, we identify mechanisms by which ECEs may influence the invasion process, from initial introduction through establishment and spread. We summarize how ECEs can enhance invasions by promoting the transport of propagules into new regions, by decreasing the resistance of native communities to establishment, and also sometimes by putting existing non-native species at a competitive disadvantage. Finally, we outline priority research areas and management approaches for anticipating future risks of unwanted invasions following ECEs. Given predicted increases in both ECE occurrence and rates of species introductions around the globe during the coming decades, there is an urgent need to understand how these two processes interact to affect ecosystem composition and functioning.
DA  - 2012/06//
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1890/110137
DP  - ESA Journals
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
SP  - 249
EP  - 257
J2  - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
SN  - 1540-9295
UR  - http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/110137
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:57:26
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Detrimental effect of temperature increase on the fitness of an amphibian (Lissotriton helveticus)
AU  - Galloy, Valérie
AU  - Denoël, Mathieu
T2  - Acta Oecologica
AB  - Increases of global temperatures have resulted in measurable shifts in the distribution, phenology and survival of some plant and animal species. However, the mechanisms showing links between global warming and biodiversity declines remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine whether a key parameter of fitness, i.e. offspring number, could be affected by a temperature increase. To this end, we compared egg-laying traits at naturally occurring temperatures (14 °C, 18 °C and 22 °C) in palmate newts, Lissotriton helveticus. Our study suggests that water temperature increase has a negative effect on the fecundity of female newts. Females lay half as many eggs at high temperatures as they do at low temperatures, which results in a lower number of hatchlings. This study shows that global warming would affect amphibian populations. It complements other studies in pointing out that changes in phenology may not be driven only by warmer earlier temperatures but also by counter-selection during late-breeding, particularly in long-term breeders such as newts. More experimental studies should be carried out to understand the complex consequences of global warming and the proximate mechanisms of amphibian decline.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1016/j.actao.2009.12.002
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - 179
EP  - 183
J2  - Acta Oecologica
SN  - 1146-609X
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1146609X09001647
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:21:25
KW  - Climate change
KW  - global warming
KW  - Amphibian decline
KW  - Fecundity
KW  - Life-history trait
KW  - Proximate causes
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rapid and dissimilar response of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria to nitrogen and water amendment in two temperate forest soils
AU  - Szukics, Ute
AU  - Hackl, Evelyn
AU  - Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie
AU  - Sessitsch, Angela
T2  - Microbiological Research
AB  - Biochemical processes relevant to soil nitrogen (N) cycling are performed by soil microorganisms affiliated with diverse phylogenetic groups. For example, the oxidation of ammonia, representing the first step of nitrification, can be performed by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and, as recently reported, also by ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA). However, the contribution to ammonia oxidation of the phylogenetically separated AOA versus AOB and their respective responsiveness to environmental factors are still poorly understood. The present study aims at comparing the capacity of AOA and AOB to momentarily respond to N input and increased soil moisture in two contrasting forest soils. Soils from the pristine Rothwald forest and the managed Schottenwald forest were amended with either NH4+–N or NO3−–N and were incubated at 40% and 70% water-filled pore space (WFPS) for four days. Nitrification rates were measured and AOA and AOB abundance and community composition were determined via quantitative PCR (qPCR) and terminal restriction length fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of bacterial and archaeal amoA genes.

Our study reports rapid and distinct changes in AOA and AOB abundances in the two forest soils in response to N input and increased soil moisture but no significant effects on net nitrification rates. Functional microbial communities differed significantly in the two soils and responded specifically to the treatments during the short-term incubation. In the Rothwald soil the abundance and community composition of AOA were affected by the water content, whereas AOB communities responded to N amendment. In the Schottenwald soil, by contrast, AOA responded to N addition. These results suggest that AOA and AOB may be selectively influenced by soil and management factors.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1016/j.micres.2011.04.002
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 167
IS  - 2
SP  - 103
EP  - 109
J2  - Microbiological Research
SN  - 0944-5013
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944501311000371
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:17:59
KW  - nitrification
KW  - soil moisture
KW  - amoA
KW  - AOA
KW  - AOB
KW  - Forest soil
KW  - Nitrogen amendment
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Calcification types of Oocardium stratum Nägeli and microhabitat conditions in springs of the Alps
AU  - Rott, Eugen
AU  - Hotzy, Ralf
AU  - Cantonati, Marco
AU  - Sanders, Diethard
T2  - Freshwater Science
DA  - 2012/06//
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1899/11.084.1
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
SP  - 610
EP  - 624
SN  - 2161-9549, 2161-9565
UR  - http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1899/11.084.1
Y2  - 2013/11/07/14:18:35
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Biodiversität und Klimawandel - Auswirkungen und Handlungsoptionen für den Naturschutz in Mitteleuropa
A3  - Essl, F.
A3  - Rabitsch, Wolfgang
AB  - Das Buch „Biodiversität und Klimawandel“ bietet erstmals einen umfassenden Überblick der Klimawandeleffekte auf die Biodiversität in Mitteleuropa. Dabei nehmen die Bewertung der beobachteten und prognostizierten Folgen des ...
CY  - Berlin
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
DP  - www.springer.com
SP  - 458
LA  - Deutsch
PB  - Springer
SN  - 3-642-29691-2 978-3-642-29691-8
UR  - http://www.springer.com/springer+spektrum/biowissenschaften/%C3%B6kologie/book/978-3-642-29691-8
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:15:13
KW  - Biodiversität
KW  - Biodiversität und Klimawandel - Auswirkungen und Handlungsoptionen für den Naturschutz in Mitteleuropa
KW  - Ökologie
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Physiological Responses of Bryophytes Thuidium tamariscinum and Hylocomium splendens to Increased Nitrogen Deposition
AU  - Koranda, M.
AU  - Kerschbaum, S.
AU  - Wanek, W.
AU  - Zechmeister, H.
AU  - Richter, A.
T2  - Annals of Botany
DA  - 2007/01/01/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1093/aob/mcl239
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 99
IS  - 1
SP  - 161
EP  - 169
SN  - 0305-7364, 1095-8290
UR  - http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/aob/mcl239
Y2  - 2013/09/03/08:55:19
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Global change and food webs in running waters
AU  - Perkins, Daniel M.
AU  - Reiss, Julia
AU  - Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel
AU  - Woodward, Guy
T2  - Hydrobiologia
AB  - Riverine habitats are vulnerable to a host of environmental stressors, many of which are increasing in frequency and intensity across the globe. Climate change is arguably the greatest threat on the horizon, with serious implications for freshwater food webs via alterations in thermal regimes, resource quality and availability, and hydrology. This will induce radical restructuring of many food webs, by altering the identity of nodes, the strength and patterning of interactions and consequently the dynamics and architecture of the trophic network as a whole. Although such effects are likely to be apparent globally, they are predicted to be especially rapid and dramatic in high altitude and latitude ecosystems, which represent ‘sentinel systems’. The complex and subtle connections between members of a food web and potential synergistic interactions with other environmental stressors can lead to seemingly counterintuitive responses to perturbations that cannot be predicted from the traditional focus of studying individual species in isolation. In this review, we highlight the need for developing new network-based approaches to understand and predict the consequences of global change in running waters.
DA  - 2010/12/01/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1007/s10750-009-0080-7
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 657
IS  - 1
SP  - 181
EP  - 198
J2  - Hydrobiologia
LA  - en
SN  - 0018-8158, 1573-5117
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10750-009-0080-7
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:28:45
KW  - Climate change
KW  - global warming
KW  - ecology
KW  - Zoology
KW  - Freshwater & Marine Ecology
KW  - Rivers
KW  - Ecological networks
KW  - Food webs
KW  - Freshwater
KW  - Hydrology
KW  - Invasive species
KW  - Stoichiometry
KW  - Streams
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Summer moisture variability across Europe
AU  - Van der Schrier, G.
AU  - Briffa, K. R.
AU  - Jones, P. D.
AU  - Osborn, T. J.
T2  - Journal of Climate
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3734.1
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 19
IS  - 12
SP  - 2818
EP  - 2834
UR  - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI3734.1
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:21:54
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Infra-red thermometry of alpine landscapes challenges climatic warming projections
AU  - Scherrer, Daniel
AU  - Koerner, Christian
T2  - Global Change Biology
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02122.x
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 16
IS  - 9
SP  - 2602
EP  - 2613
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02122.x/full
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:13:18
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Warmer climates boost cyanobacterial dominance in shallow lakes
AU  - Kosten, Sarian
AU  - Huszar, Vera L. M.
AU  - Bécares, Eloy
AU  - Costa, Luciana S.
AU  - van Donk, Ellen
AU  - Hansson, Lars-Anders
AU  - Jeppesen, Erik
AU  - Kruk, Carla
AU  - Lacerot, Gissell
AU  - Mazzeo, Néstor
AU  - De Meester, Luc
AU  - Moss, Brian
AU  - Lürling, Miquel
AU  - Nõges, Tiina
AU  - Romo, Susana
AU  - Scheffer, Marten
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - Dominance by cyanobacteria hampers human use of lakes and reservoirs worldwide. Previous studies indicate that excessive nutrient loading and warmer conditions promote dominance by cyanobacteria, but evidence from global scale field data has so far been scarce. Our analysis, based on a study of 143 lakes along a latitudinal transect ranging from subarctic Europe to southern South America, shows that although warmer climates do not result in higher overall phytoplankton biomass, the percentage of the total phytoplankton biovolume attributable to cyanobacteria increases steeply with temperature. Our results also reveal that the percent cyanobacteria is greater in lakes with high rates of light absorption. This points to a positive feedback because restriction of light availability is often a consequence of high phytoplankton biovolume, which in turn may be driven by nutrient loading. Our results indicate a synergistic effect of nutrients and climate. The implications are that in a future warmer climate, nutrient concentrations may have to be reduced substantially from present values in many lakes if cyanobacterial dominance is to be controlled.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02488.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 118
EP  - 126
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02488.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:56:15
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Europe
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - light
KW  - nutrients
KW  - phytoplankton
KW  - shade
KW  - South America
KW  - trophic state
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - High summits of the Alps in a changing climate
AU  - Pauli, Harald
AU  - Gottfried, Michael
AU  - Grabherr, Georg
T2  - “Fingerprints” of Climate Change. Adapted Behaviour and Shifting Species Ranges
A2  - Walther, G.-R.
A2  - Burga, C.A.
A2  - Edwards, P.J.
CY  - US
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 139
EP  - 149
PB  - Springer
SN  - 978-1-4613-4667-8 978-1-4419-8692-4
UR  - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-8692-4_9
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:06:28
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Alien species in a warmer world: risks and opportunities
AU  - Walther, Gian-Reto
AU  - Roques, Alain
AU  - Hulme, Philip E.
AU  - Sykes, Martin T.
AU  - Pyšek, Petr
AU  - Kühn, Ingolf
AU  - Zobel, Martin
AU  - Bacher, Sven
AU  - Botta-Dukát, Zoltán
AU  - Bugmann, Harald
AU  - Czúcz, Bálint
AU  - Dauber, Jens
AU  - Hickler, Thomas
AU  - Jarošík, Vojtěch
AU  - Kenis, Marc
AU  - Klotz, Stefan
AU  - Minchin, Dan
AU  - Moora, Mari
AU  - Nentwig, Wolfgang
AU  - Ott, Jürgen
AU  - Panov, Vadim E.
AU  - Reineking, Björn
AU  - Robinet, Christelle
AU  - Semenchenko, Vitaliy
AU  - Solarz, Wojciech
AU  - Thuiller, Wilfried
AU  - Vilà, Montserrat
AU  - Vohland, Katrin
AU  - Settele, Josef
T2  - Trends in Ecology & Evolution
AB  - Climate change and biological invasions are key processes affecting global biodiversity, yet their effects have usually been considered separately. Here, we emphasise that global warming has enabled alien species to expand into regions in which they previously could not survive and reproduce. Based on a review of climate-mediated biological invasions of plants, invertebrates, fishes and birds, we discuss the ways in which climate change influences biological invasions. We emphasise the role of alien species in a more dynamic context of shifting species’ ranges and changing communities. Under these circumstances, management practices regarding the occurrence of ‘new’ species could range from complete eradication to tolerance and even consideration of the ‘new’ species as an enrichment of local biodiversity and key elements to maintain ecosystem services.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1016/j.tree.2009.06.008
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 24
IS  - 12
SP  - 686
EP  - 693
J2  - Trends in Ecology & Evolution
SN  - 0169-5347
ST  - Alien species in a warmer world
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534709002031
Y2  - 2013/09/04/07:12:29
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Modelling the potential impact of global warming on Ips typographus voltinism and reproductive diapause
AU  - Jönsson, Anna Maria
AU  - Harding, Susanne
AU  - Krokene, Paal
AU  - Lange, Holger
AU  - Lindelöw, Åke
AU  - Økland, Bjørn
AU  - Ravn, Hans Peter
AU  - Schroeder, Leif Martin
T2  - Climatic Change
DA  - 2011/02/22/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1007/s10584-011-0038-4
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 109
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 695
EP  - 718
SN  - 0165-0009, 1573-1480
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-011-0038-4
Y2  - 2013/09/04/13:41:01
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - How well do we know species richness in a well-known continent? Temporal patterns of endemic and widespread species descriptions in the European fauna
AU  - Essl, Franz
AU  - Rabitsch, Wolfgang
AU  - Dullinger, Stefan
AU  - Moser, Dietmar
AU  - Milasowszky, Norbert
T2  - Global Ecology and Biogeography
AB  - Aim To analyse if the historical species description process in 10 animal groups differed among widespread and endemic species and to evaluate whether our current knowledge about the diversity of these groups is complete. Location Sixty-nine terrestrial regions (countries, large islands, archipelagos) covering all of Europe. Methods Based on data from the Fauna Europaea project, we reconstructed the description histories of four vertebrate groups (amphibians, fish, mammals, reptiles) and six well-studied invertebrate groups (butterflies, grasshoppers, ground beetles, snails, spiders, true bugs) living in terrestrial and freshwater environments. We used accelerated failure time models to test for a possible delay of endemic species detection and to provide conservative estimates of the as yet undescribed proportions of the existing diversity. Results Our data set includes 24,092 species, of which 7202 (30%) are endemic to one Fauna Europaea region. Species descriptions over time follow different trajectories for endemic and widespread species, with endemic species being described 79 years later than widespread ones, on average. Rates of widespread species descriptions have been low throughout the 20th century despite increasing numbers of active taxonomists, and models indicate that only a minor fraction of extant species is unknown (0.4–3%). By contrast, endemic species accumulation curves do not seem to have levelled off yet. Conservative model predictions suggest that up to 19% of the existing endemic diversity still awaits description in some taxonomic groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that even for well-studied groups in the world's biogeographically best-known continent, scientific knowledge of species richness is far from complete and is biased towards widespread species. Research and conservation priorities may thus be misdirected, as, for example, regions with high numbers of as yet unrecognized endemics may not be adequately considered when setting conservation priorities. This is particularly problematic as their mostly small populations make endemic species especially vulnerable to human-induced pressures.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
DO  - 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00787.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
SP  - 29
EP  - 39
LA  - en
SN  - 1466-8238
ST  - How well do we know species richness in a well-known continent?
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00787.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:16:10
KW  - Europe
KW  - taxonomy
KW  - Accelerated failure time
KW  - conservation biogeography
KW  - cumulative species numbers
KW  - Fauna Europaea
KW  - research effort
KW  - species descriptions
KW  - temporal trends
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The times are changing: temporal shifts in patterns of fish invasions in central European fresh waters
AU  - Rabitsch, W.
AU  - Milasowszky, N.
AU  - Nehring, S.
AU  - Wiesner, C.
AU  - Wolter, C.
AU  - Essl, F.
T2  - Journal of Fish Biology
AB  - This study examines the invasion history of alien fish species based on exhaustive national data sets on fish invasions of two contiguous central European countries (Germany and Austria). Fifteen alien fish species are currently established in both countries, constituting 14 and 17% of the total freshwater fish fauna of Germany and Austria, respectively. In both countries, six alien species are present, but not established. The status of five alien species in Germany and three species in Austria remains unknown. Accumulation rates of alien fish species have increased in recent decades with >50% of them reported after 1971. North America and Asia were the primary sources of alien fish species in Germany and Austria up to the 1980s, whereas European species of Ponto-Caspian origin dominate now. Fisheries (including aquaculture) and the animal trade were responsible for most earlier introductions, whereas waterways were the main pathway for recent invaders. The extent of the spatial distribution of alien species was positively correlated with residence time, i.e. the time elapsed since the first national record. Different thermal preferences of early invaders (mostly coldwater species) and new invaders (typically warmwater adapted) may benefit the latter in the face of climate change. It is concluded that new challenges for alien fish management arise and that ecosystem-based approaches as endorsed by the E.U. Water Framework Directive (maintaining or restoring good ecological status of rivers and streams) should become the centrepiece of river management in Europe.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
DO  - 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03457.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 82
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
EP  - 33
LA  - en
SN  - 1095-8649
ST  - The times are changing
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03457.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:46:44
KW  - black list
KW  - invasive alien species
KW  - management
KW  - pathways
KW  - residence time
KW  - spread
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cryptic biodiversity loss linked to global climate change
AU  - Bálint, M.
AU  - Domisch, S.
AU  - Engelhardt, C. H. M.
AU  - Haase, P.
AU  - Lehrian, S.
AU  - Sauer, J.
AU  - Theissinger, K.
AU  - Pauls, S. U.
AU  - Nowak, C.
T2  - Nature Climate Change
DA  - 2011/08/21/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1038/nclimate1191
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 1
IS  - 6
SP  - 313
EP  - 318
SN  - 1758-678X, 1758-6798
UR  - http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nclimate1191
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:16:28
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of an extreme climatic event on community assembly
AU  - Thibault, Katherine M.
AU  - Brown, James H.
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 105
IS  - 9
SP  - 3410
EP  - 3415
ST  - PNAS
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/105/9/3410.short
Y2  - 2013/09/04/13:03:33
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Soil biota and global change at the ecosystem level: describing soil biota in mathematical models
AU  - Smith, Pete.
AU  - Andrén, Olof.
AU  - Brussaard, Lijbert
AU  - Dangerfield, Mark.
AU  - Ekschmitt, Klemens
AU  - Lavelle, Patrick
AU  - Tate, Kevin
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - All current mathematical models of the soil system are underpinned by a wealth of research into soil biology and new research continues to improve the description of the real world by mathematical models. In this review we examine the various approaches for describing soil biology in mathematical models and discuss the use of each type of model in global change research. The approaches represented among models participating in the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (GCTE) Soil Organic Matter Network (SOMNET) are described. We examine the relative advantages and constraints of each modelling approach and, using these, suggest appropriate uses of each. We show that for predictive purposes at ecosystem scale and higher, process-orientated models (which have only an implicit description of soil organisms) are most commonly used. As a research tool at the ecosystem level, both process-orientated and organism-orientated models (in which functional or taxonomic groups of soil organisms are explicitly described) are commonly used. Because of uncertainties introduced in internal model parameter estimation and system feedbacks, the predictive use of organism-orientated models at the ecosystem scale and larger is currently less feasible than is the use of process-orientated models. In some specific circumstances, however, an explicit description of some functional groups of soil organisms within models may be required to adequately describe the effects of global change. No existing models can adequately predict the feedback between global change, a change in soil community function, and the response of the changed system to future global change. To find out if these feedbacks exist and to what extent they affect future global change, more research is urgently required into the response of soil community function to global change and its potential ecosystem-level effects.
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00193.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 4
IS  - 7
SP  - 773
EP  - 784
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
ST  - Soil biota and global change at the ecosystem level
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00193.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:15:53
KW  - global environmental change
KW  - ecosystem
KW  - mathematical models
KW  - soil biota
KW  - soil organic matter
KW  - soil organic matter network (SOMNET)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Temperature and species richness effects in phytoplankton communities
AU  - Schabhüttl, Stefanie
AU  - Hingsamer, Peter
AU  - Weigelhofer, Gabriele
AU  - Hein, Thomas
AU  - Weigert, Achim
AU  - Striebel, Maren
T2  - Oecologia
AB  - Phytoplankton play an important role as primary producers and thus can affect higher trophic levels. Phytoplankton growth and diversity may, besides other factors, be controlled by seasonal temperature changes and increasing water temperatures. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of temperature and diversity on phytoplankton growth. In a controlled laboratory experiment, monocultures of 15 freshwater phytoplankton taxa (green algae, cyanobacteria, and diatoms) as well as 25 mixed communities of different species richness (2–12 species) and taxa composition were exposed to constant temperatures of 12, 18, and 24 °C. Additionally, they were exposed to short-term daily temperature peaks of +4 °C. Increased species richness had a positive effect on phytoplankton growth rates and phosphorous content at all temperature levels, with maximum values occurring at 18 °C. Overyielding was observed at almost all temperature levels and could mostly be explained by complementary traits. Higher temperatures resulted in higher fractions of cyanobacteria in communities. This negative effect of temperature on phytoplankton diversity following a shift in community composition was most obvious in communities adapted to cooler temperatures, pointing to the assumption that relative temperature changes may be more important than absolute ones.
DA  - 2013/02/01/
PY  - 2013
DO  - 10.1007/s00442-012-2419-4
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 171
IS  - 2
SP  - 527
EP  - 536
J2  - Oecologia
LA  - en
SN  - 0029-8549, 1432-1939
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00442-012-2419-4
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:09:59
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - ecology
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - Complementarity effect
KW  - Diversity–stability
KW  - Overyielding
KW  - Selection effect
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Verdrängen Flaumeichen die Walliser Waldföhren?
AU  - Rigling, A.
AU  - Dobbertin, M.
AU  - Gimmi, U.
AU  - Pannatier, Graf E.
AU  - Gugerli, F.
AU  - Heininger, U.
AU  - Polomski, J.
AU  - Rebetez, M.
AU  - Rigling, D.
AU  - Weber, P.
AU  - Wermelinger, B.
AU  - Wohlgemuth, T.
T2  - Merkblatt für die Praxis
CY  - Birmensdorf, Schweiz
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
SP  - 16
PB  - Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL
SN  - 41
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The Impact of Variations in the Climate on Seasonal Dynamics of Phytoplankton
AU  - Nõges, Peeter
AU  - Adrian, Rita
AU  - Anneville, Orlane
AU  - Arvola, Lauri
AU  - Blenckner, Thorsten
AU  - George, Glen
AU  - Jankowski, Thomas
AU  - Järvinen, Marko
AU  - Maberly, Stephen
AU  - Padisák, Judit
AU  - Straile, Dietmar
AU  - Teubner, Katrin
AU  - Weyhenmeyer, Gesa
T2  - The Impact of Climate Change on European Lakes
A2  - George, Glen
T3  - Aquatic Ecology Series
AB  - Phytoplankton, an assemblage of suspended, primarily autotrophic single cells and colonies, forms part of the base of the pelagic food chain in lakes. The responses of phytoplankton to anthropogenic pressures frequently provide the most visible indication of a long-term change in water quality. Several attributes related to the growth and composition of phytoplankton, such as their community structure, abundance as well as the frequency and the intensity of blooms, are included as indicators of water quality in the Water Framework Directive. The growth and seasonal succession of phytoplankton is regulated by a variety of external as well as internal factors (Reynolds et al., 1993; Reynolds, 2006). Among the most important external factors are light, temperature, and those associated with the supply of nutrients from point and diffuse sources in the catchment. The internal factors include the residence time of the lakes, the underwater light regime and the mixing characteristics of the water column. The schematic diagram (Fig. 14.1) shows some of the ways in which systematic changes in the climate can modulate these seasonal and inter-annual variations. The effects associated with the projected changes in the rainfall are likely to be most pronounced in small lakes with short residence times (see George et al., 2004 for some examples). In contrast, those connected with the projected changes in irradiance and wind mixing, are likely to be most important in deep, thermally stratified lakes.
DA  - 2010/01/01/
PY  - 2010
DP  - link.springer.com
SP  - 253
EP  - 274
LA  - en
PB  - Springer Netherlands
SN  - 978-90-481-2944-7 978-90-481-2945-4
UR  - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-2945-4_14
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:25:17
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Freshwater & Marine Ecology
KW  - Environmental Monitoring/Analysis
KW  - Marine & Freshwater Sciences
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Potential effects of climate change on insect herbivores in European forests—General aspects and the pine processionary moth as specific example
AU  - Netherer, Sigrid
AU  - Schopf, Axel
T2  - Forest Ecology and Management
AB  - The nature of “climate change” will differ with geographical regions and its final impact on ecosystems vary with the extent of temperature increase, changes in irradiance and levels of UVB, amount and patterns of precipitation and humidity, and alterations in the incidence and nature of abiotic disturbances. Despite many uncertainties, there is consensus in the fact that global warming already has and will have impact on the temporal and spatial dynamics of insect herbivores. Ectothermic organisms are affected by the changes in environmental conditions directly in dispersal, reproduction, development and mortality, and indirectly through altered plant nutritional quality, resistance and via community interactions. Ambiguous consequences are to be expected depending on the individual host plant and herbivore species, probably involving altered incidence and intensity of pest outbreaks and changes in distributional ranges. Regions that represent northern or upper limits of occurrence, such as the Alps or the boreal zone, are likely to be affected most by an increase in stability and population density of certain pest species, such as defoliating insects or bark beetles. At the same time, temperature increase and drought will render areas of distribution in southern and continental parts of Europe less suitable for heat susceptible species, which will probably not only result in northwards shifts, but range contractions. The review is based on chapters of the “Study on impacts of climate change on European forests and options for adaptation” led by the European Forest Institute (Efi) and on results of the EU project “PROMOTH - Global change and pine processionary moth: a new challenge for integrated pest management”. Thaumetopoea pityocampa serves as illustrative example for insect herbivores whose latitudinal and altitudinal distribution is mainly controlled by temperature and already modified by global warming.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.034
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 259
IS  - 4
SP  - 831
EP  - 838
J2  - Forest Ecology and Management
SN  - 0378-1127
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112709005015
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:20:12
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Thaumetopoea pityocampa
KW  - European forests
KW  - Insect herbivores
KW  - Pest outbreaks
KW  - Species distribution
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Large-scale biodiversity patterns in freshwater phytoplankton
AU  - Stomp, Maayke
AU  - Huisman, Jef
AU  - Mittelbach, Gary G.
AU  - Litchman, Elena
AU  - Klausmeier, Christopher A.
T2  - Ecology
AB  - Our planet shows striking gradients in the species richness of plants and animals, from high biodiversity in the tropics to low biodiversity in polar and high-mountain regions. Recently, similar patterns have been described for some groups of microorganisms, but the large-scale biogeographical distribution of freshwater phytoplankton diversity is still largely unknown. We examined the species diversity of freshwater phytoplankton sampled from 540 lakes and reservoirs distributed across the continental United States and found strong latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitudinal gradients in phytoplankton biodiversity, demonstrating that microorganisms can show substantial geographic variation in biodiversity. Detailed analysis using structural equation models indicated that these large-scale biodiversity gradients in freshwater phytoplankton diversity were mainly driven by local environmental factors, although there were residual direct effects of latitude, longitude, and altitude as well. Specifically, we found that phytoplankton species richness was an increasing saturating function of lake chlorophyll a concentration, increased with lake surface area and possibly increased with water temperature, resembling effects of productivity, habitat area, and temperature on diversity patterns commonly observed for macroorganisms. In turn, these local environmental factors varied along latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitudinal gradients. These results imply that changes in land use or climate that affect these local environmental factors are likely to have major impacts on large-scale biodiversity patterns of freshwater phytoplankton.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1890/10-1023.1
DP  - ESA Journals
VL  - 92
IS  - 11
SP  - 2096
EP  - 2107
J2  - Ecology
SN  - 0012-9658
UR  - http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/10-1023.1
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:43:11
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Temperature
KW  - phytoplankton
KW  - altitude
KW  - biodiversity gradient
KW  - elevation
KW  - lake
KW  - latitude
KW  - microbial diversity
KW  - productivity
KW  - species richness
KW  - structural equation model
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate affects severity and altitudinal distribution of outbreaks in an eruptive bark beetle
AU  - Marini, Lorenzo
AU  - Ayres, Matthew P.
AU  - Battisti, Andrea
AU  - Faccoli, Massimo
T2  - Climatic Change
DA  - 2012/04/28/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s10584-012-0463-z
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 115
IS  - 2
SP  - 327
EP  - 341
SN  - 0165-0009, 1573-1480
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-012-0463-z
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:20:25
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The zone of optimal temperature as related to age of domesticated animals.
AU  - Poczopko, P.
T2  - Archiv für experimentelle Veterinärmedizin
DA  - 1984///
PY  - 1984
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
SP  - 411
EP  - 418
SN  - 0003-9055
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6385906
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:50:30
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Spread of North American wind-dispersed trees in future environments: Spread of wind-dispersed trees
AU  - Nathan, Ran
AU  - Horvitz, Nir
AU  - He, Yanping
AU  - Kuparinen, Anna
AU  - Schurr, Frank M.
AU  - Katul, Gabriel G.
T2  - Ecology Letters
DA  - 2011/03//
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01573.x
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
SP  - 211
EP  - 219
SN  - 1461023X
ST  - Spread of North American wind-dispersed trees in future environments
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01573.x
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:30:31
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The European environment – state and outlook 2010: Synthesis
AU  - EEA
CY  - Copenhagen
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
PB  - EEA (European Environment Agency)
UR  - http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/synthesis/
Y2  - 2013/10/22/
N1  - <p>EEA, 2010. The European environment — state and outlook 2010: synthesis. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change uncouples trophic interactions in an aquatic ecosystem
AU  - Winder, Monika
AU  - Schindler, Daniel E.
T2  - Ecology
DA  - 2004/08//
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1890/04-0151
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 85
IS  - 8
SP  - 2100
EP  - 2106
SN  - 0012-9658
UR  - http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/04-0151
Y2  - 2013/11/09/04:02:05
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A simulation study of the effect of soil water balance and water stress on winter wheat production under different climate change scenarios
AU  - Eitzinger, J.
AU  - Stastná, M.
AU  - Zalud, Z.
AU  - Dubrovskỳ, M.
T2  - Agricultural Water Management
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
SP  - 195
EP  - 217
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377403000246
Y2  - 2013/09/03/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unraveling the drivers of intensifying forest disturbance regimes in Europe
AU  - Seidl, Rupert
AU  - Schelhaas, Mart-Jan
AU  - Lexer, Manfred J.
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - Natural disturbances like wildfire, windthrow and insect outbreaks are critical drivers of composition, structure and functioning of forest ecosystems. They are strongly climate-sensitive, and are thus likely to be distinctly affected by climatic changes. Observations across Europe show that in recent decades, forest disturbance regimes have intensified markedly, resulting in a strong increase in damage from wind, bark beetles and wildfires. Climate change is frequently hypothesized as the main driving force behind this intensification, but changes in forest structure and composition associated with management activities such as promoting conifers and increasing standing timber volume (i.e. ‘forest change’) also strongly influence susceptibility to disturbances. Here, we show that from 1958 to 2001, forest change contributed in the same order of magnitude as climate change to the increase in disturbance damage in Europe's forests. Climate change was the main driver of the increase in area burnt, while changes in forest extent, structure and composition particularly affected the variation in wind and bark beetle damage. For all three disturbance agents, damage was most severe when conducive weather conditions and increased forest susceptibility coincided. We conclude that a continuing trend towards more disturbance-prone conditions is likely for large parts of Europe's forests, and can have strong detrimental effects on forest carbon storage and other ecosystem services. Understanding the interacting drivers of natural disturbance regimes is thus a prerequisite for climate change mitigation and adaptation in forest ecosystem management.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02452.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 17
IS  - 9
SP  - 2842
EP  - 2852
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02452.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/08/26/16:11:17
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Forest management
KW  - bark beetles
KW  - European forest ecosystems
KW  - natural disturbance
KW  - wind
KW  - Wildfire
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Observed and projected climate shifts 1901-2100 depicted by world maps of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification
AU  - Rubel, Franz
AU  - Kottek, Markus
T2  - Meteorologische Zeitschrift
AB  - In a previous paper we presented an update of the highly referenced climate classification map, that of Wladimir Köppen, which was published for the first time in 1900 and updated in its latest version by Rudolf Geiger in 1961. This updated world map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification was based on temperature and precipitation observations for the period 1951-2000. Here, we present a series of digital world maps for the extended period 1901-2100 to depict global trends in observed climate and projected climate change scenarios. World maps for the observational period 1901-2002 are based on recent data sets from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia and the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) at the German Weather Service. World maps for the period 2003-2100 are based on ensemble projections of global climate models provided by the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. The main results comprise an estimation of the shifts of climate zones within the 21st century by considering different IPCC scenarios. The largest shifts between the main classes of equatorial climate (A), arid climate (B), warm temperate climate (C), snow climate (D) and polar climate (E) on global land areas are estimated as 2.6-3.4 % (E to D), 2.2-4.7 % (D to C), 1.3-2.0 (C to B) and 2.1-3.2 % (C to A).
DA  - 2010/04/01/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1127/0941-2948/2010/0430
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
SP  - 135
EP  - 141
SN  - ISSN 0941-2948
UR  - http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/metz/list/19#issue2
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Aliens: Neobiota und Klimawandel - eine verhängnisvolle Affäre?
A3  - Rabitsch, Wolfgang
A3  - Essl, Franz
CY  - Weitra
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Open WorldCat
LA  - German
PB  - Bibliothek der Provinz
SN  - 978-3-900000-81-3
ST  - Aliens
UR  - http://www.bibliothekderprovinz.at/buecher.php?id=1221&session=
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Grüner Bericht 2013. Bericht über die Situation der österreichischen Land- und Forstwirtschaft.
AU  - BMLFUW
CY  - Wien [online]
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
M3  - Grüner Bericht gemäß § 9 des Landwirtschaftsgesetzes BGBl
PB  - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft
SN  - 375/1992
UR  - www.gruenerbericht.at
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Klimawandel und die möglichen Auswirkungen auf die Pflanzengesundheit in Österreich. 48. Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, Mautern a. d. Donau, 28.11.2007
T2  - 48. Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage
A2  - Blümel, Silvia
CY  - Mautern a. d. Donau
DA  - 2007/11/28/
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://www.ages.at/uploads/media/Klimawandel_und_Pflanzengesundheit_2007_Bluemel_03.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf Fauna, Flora und Lebensräume sowie Anpassungsstrategien des Naturschutzes
AU  - Beierkuhnlein, C.
AU  - Jentsch, Anke
AU  - Reineking, B.
AU  - Schlumprecht, H.
AU  - Ellwanger, G.
CY  - 2012
PB  - Natschutz Biologische Vielfalt. In Druck
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Expansion of geographic range in the pine processionary moth caused by increased winter temperatures.
AU  - Battisti, Andrea
AU  - Stastny, Michael
AU  - Netherer, Sigrid
AU  - Robinet, Christelle
AU  - Schopf, Axel
AU  - Roques, Alain
AU  - Larsson, Stig
T2  - Ecological Applications
AB  - Global warming is predicted to cause distributional changes in organisms whose geographic ranges are controlled by temperature. We report a recent latitudinal and altitudinal expansion of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, whose larvae build silk nests and feed on pine foliage in the winter. In north-central France (Paris Basin), its range boundary has shifted by 87 km northwards between 1972 and 2004; in northern Italy (Alps), an altitudinal shift of 110–230 m upwards occurred between 1975 and 2004. By experimentally linking winter temperature, feeding activity, and survival of T. pityocampa larvae, we attribute the expansions to increased winter survival due to a warming trend over the past three decades. In the laboratory we determined the minimum nest and night air temperatures required for larval feeding and developed a mechanistic model based on these temperature thresholds. We tested the model in a translocation experiment that employed natural temperature gradients as spatial analogues for global warming. In all transects we transferred colonies of T. pityocampa larvae to sites within zones of historical distribution, recent distribution, and outside the present range. We monitored air and nest temperature, incoming solar radiation, larval phenology, feeding activity, and survival. Early-season temperature effects on phenology were evident, with delayed development of colonies in the more extreme (colder) sites. In the coldest months, our model was consistent with the observed patterns of feeding activity: Feeding was progressively reduced with increasing latitude or elevation, as predicted by the lower number of hours when the feeding threshold was reached, which negatively affected final survival. Insolation raised nest temperature and increased feeding activity on the south but not the north aspect. Prolonged temperature drops below the feeding thresholds occurred at all sites, leading to starvation and partial mortality. Nonetheless, even the most extreme sites still allowed some feeding and, consequently, up to 20% colony survival and successful pupation. Given that the present distribution of the oligophagous T. pityocampa is not constrained by the distribution of its actual or potential hosts, and that warmer winters will cause the number of hours of feeding to increase and the probability of the lower lethal temperature to decrease, we expect the trend of improved survival in previously prohibitive environments to continue, causing further latitudinal and altitudinal expansion. This work highlights the need to develop temperature-based predictive models for future range shifts of winter-limited species, with potential applications in management.
DA  - 2005/12/01/
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1890/04-1903
DP  - esajournals.org (Atypon)
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
SP  - 2084
EP  - 2096
J2  - Ecological Applications
SN  - 1051-0761
UR  - http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/04-1903
Y2  - 2014/06/14/06:01:27
KW  - Climate change
KW  - feeding activity
KW  - insect pest
KW  - larval survival
KW  - Lepidoptera
KW  - Pinus
KW  - range expansion
KW  - spatial dynamics
KW  - Thaumetopoea pityocampa
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Central European hardwood trees in a high-CO2 future: synthesis of an 8-year forest canopy CO2 enrichment project
AU  - Bader, Martin K.-F.
AU  - Leuzinger, Sebastian
AU  - Keel, Sonja G.
AU  - Siegwolf, Rolf T.W.
AU  - Hagedorn, Frank
AU  - Schleppi, Patrick
AU  - Körner, Christian
T2  - Journal of Ecology
AB  - * Rapidly increasing atmospheric CO2 is not only changing the climate system but may also affect the biosphere directly through stimulation of plant growth and ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. Although forest ecosystems play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, experimental information on forest responses to rising CO2 is scarce, due to the sheer size of trees.


* Here, we present a synthesis of the only study world-wide where a diverse set of mature broadleaved trees growing in a natural forest has been exposed to future atmospheric CO2 levels (c. 550 ppm) by free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE). We show that litter production, leaf traits and radial growth across the studied hardwood species remained unaffected by elevated CO2 over 8 years.


* CO2 enrichment reduced tree water consumption resulting in detectable soil moisture savings. Soil air CO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon both increased suggesting enhanced below-ground activity. Carbon release to the rhizosphere and/or higher soil moisture primed nitrification and nitrate leaching under elevated CO2; however, the export of dissolved organic carbon remained unaltered.


* Synthesis. Our findings provide no evidence for carbon-limitation in five central European hardwood trees at current ambient CO2 concentrations. The results of this long-term study challenge the idea of a universal CO2 fertilization effect on forests, as commonly assumed in climate–carbon cycle models.
DA  - 2013/11/01/
PY  - 2013
DO  - 10.1111/1365-2745.12149
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 101
IS  - 6
SP  - 1509
EP  - 1519
J2  - J Ecol
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2745
ST  - Central European hardwood trees in a high-CO2 future
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12149/abstract
Y2  - 2014/06/14/05:59:20
KW  - elevated CO2
KW  - CO2 fertilization
KW  - coupled climate–carbon cycle model
KW  - ecosystem carbon cycling
KW  - free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)
KW  - global carbon cycle
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Der Österreichische Wald
AU  - Anonymus
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
PB  - BMLFUW, Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft, Abteilung I V/1
UR  - http://www.bmlfuw.gv.at/dms/lmat/publikationen/der_oesterreichische_wald/Der%20%C3%B6sterreichische%20Wald.pdf?1=1
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Maiswurzelbohrer
AU  - AGES
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://www.ages.at/ages/landwirtschaftliche-sachgebiete/pflanzengesundheit/maiswurzelbohrer/
Y2  - 2012/06/14/05:51:08
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Auswirkungen des globalen Klimawandels auf Brut- und Zugphänologie von Vögeln in Österreich.
AU  - Winkler, Hans
AU  - Scheifinger, H.
AU  - Pollheimer, J.
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
SP  - 1
EP  - 104
M3  - Endbericht zu einem Expertengutachten für das Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Die Amerikanische Rebzikade (Scaphoideus titanus) in Österreich – Ergebnisse vom Monitoring 2005. Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, 29.-30.11.2006, Schloss Seggau/Leibnitz.
AU  - Zeisner, N.
AU  - Hausdorf, H.
CY  - Leibnitz
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Die Gefährdung des österreichischen Weinbaues durch die Amerikanische Rebzikade (Scaphoideus titanus).Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, 1.-2.12.2010, Schloss Seggau/Leibnitz.
AU  - Zeisner, N.
AU  - Hausdorf, H.
CY  - Leibnitz
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Is an Unprecedented Dothistroma Needle Blight Epidemic Related to Climate Change?
AU  - Woods, A.
AU  - Coates, K.A.
AU  - Hamann, A.
T2  - BioScience
AB  - Abstract Dothistroma needle blight, caused by the fungus Dothistroma septosporum, is a major pest of pine plantations in the Southern Hemisphere, where both the host and the pathogen have been introduced. In northern temperate forests where the pest and host trees are native, damage levels have historically been low; however, Dothistroma is currently causing extensive defoliation and mortality in plantations of lodgepole pine in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. The severity of the disease is such that mature lodgepole pine trees in the area are succumbing, which is an unprecedented occurrence. This raises the question of whether climate change might enable the spread of the disease by surpassing an environmental threshold that has previously restricted the pathogen's development in northern temperate regions. Establishing a causal relationship between climate change and local biological trends is usually difficult, but we found a clear mechanistic relationship between an observed climate trend and the host–pathogen interaction. A local increase in summer precipitation, not climate warming, appears to be responsible. We examine whether the recently observed climate change trend exceeds natural fluctuations in the local climate.
DA  - 2005/09/01/
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0761:IAUDNB]2.0.CO;2
DP  - bioone.org (Atypon)
VL  - 55
IS  - 9
SP  - 761
EP  - 769
J2  - BioScience
SN  - 0006-3568
UR  - http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055%5B0761%3AIAUDNB%5D2.0.CO%3B2
Y2  - 2014/06/14/12:13:44
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sensitivity of carbon cycling in the European Alps to changes of climate and land cover
AU  - Zierl, Bärbel
AU  - Bugmann, Harald
T2  - Climatic Change
AB  - Assessments of the impacts of global change on carbon stocks in mountain regions have received little attention to date, in spite of the considerable role of these areas for the global carbon cycle. We used the regional hydro-ecological simulation system RHESSys in five case study catchments from different climatic zones in the European Alps to investigate the behavior of the carbon cycle under changing climatic and land cover conditions derived from the SRES scenarios of the IPCC. The focus of this study was on analyzing the differences in carbon cycling across various climatic zones of the Alps, and to explore the differences between the impacts of various SRES scenarios (A1FI, A2, B1, B2), and between several global circulation models (GCMs, i.e., HadCM3, CGCM2, CSIRO2, PCM). The simulation results indicate that the warming trend generally enhances carbon sequestration in these catchments over the first half of the twenty-first century, particularly in forests just below treeline. Thereafter, forests at low elevations increasingly release carbon as a consequence of the changed balance between growth and respiration processes, resulting in a net carbon source at the catchment scale. Land cover changes have a strong modifying effect on these climate-induced patterns. While the simulated temporal pattern of carbon cycling is qualitatively similar across the five catchments, quantitative differences exist due to the regional differences of the climate and land cover scenarios, with land cover exerting a stronger influence. The differences in the simulations with scenarios derived from several GCMs under one SRES scenario are of the same magnitude as the differences between various SRES scenarios derived from one single GCM, suggesting that the uncertainty in climate model projections needs to be narrowed before accurate impact assessments under the various SRES scenarios can be made at the local to regional scale. We conclude that the carbon balance of the European Alps is likely to shift strongly in the future, driven mainly by land cover changes, but also by changes of the climate. We recommend that assessments of carbon cycling at regional to continental scales should make sure to adequately include sub-regional differences of changes in climate and land cover, particularly in areas with a complex topography.
DA  - 2007/11/01/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1007/s10584-006-9201-8
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 85
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 195
EP  - 212
J2  - Climatic Change
LA  - en
SN  - 0165-0009, 1573-1480
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-006-9201-8
Y2  - 2014/06/14/12:12:50
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Die Kohlenstoffbilanz des Österreichischen Waldes und Betrachtungen zum Kyoto-Protokol
AU  - Weiss, P.
AU  - Schieler, Karl
AU  - Schadauer, K.
AU  - Radunsky, K.
AU  - Englisch, M.
T2  - Monographien
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
M1  - M-106
PB  - Umweltbundesamt
SN  - 3-85457-454-1
UR  - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/fileadmin/site/publikationen/M106.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Management von Wetterrisiken in Anbetracht des Klimawandels und der GAP-Reform
AU  - Weinberger, K.
T2  - Online-Fachzeitschrift des Bundesministeriums für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Decadal detection of biodiversity in alpine lakes in relation to climate change
AU  - Weckström, K.
AU  - Huber, K.
AU  - Salvenmoser, W.
AU  - Schaidreiter, V.
AU  - Psenner, R.
AU  - Rieradevall, M.
AU  - Schmidt R.
AU  - Kurmayer, R.
DA  - (in prep.)
PY  - (in prep.)
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Der Einfluss veränderter Landnutzungen auf Klimawandel und Biodiversität
AU  - Von Haaren, C.
AU  - Saathoff, W.
AU  - Bodenschatz, T.
AU  - Lange, M.
T2  - Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
LA  - Deutsch
M1  - 94
PB  - Bundesamt für Naturschatz BfN, Landeswirtschaftsverlag
L2  - http://www.amazon.de/Einfluss-ver%C3%A4nderter-Landnutzungen-Klimawandel-Biodiversit%C3%A4t/dp/3784339948
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Bryophyte Ecology And Climate Change
A3  - Tuba, Z.
A3  - Slack, N.G.
A3  - Stark, L.R.
CY  - Cambridge, UK
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
PB  - Cambridge University Press
SN  - 978-0-521-75777-5
UR  - http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/life-sciences/plant-science/bryophyte-ecology-and-climate-change
Y2  - 2014/06/14/11:50:44
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Die Kraut- und Knollenfäule der Kartoffel (Phytophthora infestans) in den Jahren 2000 bis 2006 in Niederösterreich. Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, 29.-30.11.2006, Schloss Seggau/Leibnitz
AU  - Thenmayer, F.J.
AU  - Schmiedl, J.
AU  - Glauninger, J.
CY  - Leibnitz
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change and forest diseases: using today’s knowledge to address future challenges
AU  - Sturrock, R.
T2  - Forest Systems
AB  - The health of the earth’s forests and urban green spaces is increasingly challenged by the outcomes of human activities, including global climate change. As climate changes, the role and impact of diseases on trees in both forest ecosystems and in urban settings will also change. Knowledge of relationships between climate variables and diseases affecting forest and urban trees is reviewed, with specific emphasis on those affecting foliage, shoots, and stems. Evidence that forest diseases are already responding to the earth’s changing climate is examined (e.g., Dothistroma needle blight in northern British Columbia) as are predicted scenarios for future changes in impact on forests by other tree diseases. Outbreaks of tree diseases caused by native and alien pathogens are predicted to become more frequent and intense – this and other general predictions about the effects of climate change on forest and tree diseases are discussed. Despite the uncertainty that accompanies such predictions it is imperative that researchers, forest and urban tree managers, and policy makers work together to develop and implement management strategies that enhance the resilience of the worlds’ forests and urbanized trees. Strategies discussed include monitoring, forecasting, planning, and mitigation.
DA  - 2012/07/20/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.5424/fs/2012212-02230
DP  - revistas.inia.es
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
SP  - 329
EP  - 336
LA  - en
SN  - 2171-9845
ST  - Climate change and forest diseases
UR  - http://revistas.inia.es/index.php/fs/article/view/2230
Y2  - 2014/06/14/11:48:38
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Risikoanalyse zur Wahrscheinlichkeit der Einschleppung und Etablierung von Flavescence dorée in die österreichischen Weinbaugebiete. Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, 29.-30.11.2006, Schloss Seggau/Leibnitz.
AU  - Steffek, R.
AU  - Reisenzein, H.
AU  - Zeisner, N.
CY  - Leibnitz
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - VitisCLIM, a project modelling spread and economic impact of Grapevine Flavescence dorée phytoplasma in Austrian viticulture under a climate change scenario.
AU  - Steffek, R.
AU  - Reisenzein, H.
AU  - Strauss, G.
AU  - Leichtfried, Thomas
AU  - Hofrichter, Johannes
AU  - Kopacka, Ian
AU  - Schwarz, M.
AU  - Pusterhofer, J.
AU  - Biedermann, R.
AU  - Renner, Wolfgang
AU  - Klement, Josef
AU  - Luttenberger, Werner
AU  - Welzl, A.
AU  - Kleissner, A.
AU  - Alt, Raimund
T2  - Bulletin of Insectology (Supplement)
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 64
SP  - 191
EP  - 192
SN  - 1721-8861
UR  - http://www.bulletinofinsectology.org/pdfarticles/vol64-2011-s191-s192steffek.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Preparing for changes in plant diseases due to climate change
AU  - Shaw, M.W.
T2  - Plant Protection Science
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - 45
IS  - Special Issue
SP  - 3
EP  - 10
UR  - http://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/13961.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Assessing trade-offs between carbon sequestration and timber production within a framework of multi-purpose forestry in Austria
AU  - Seidl, Rupert
AU  - Rammer, Werner
AU  - Jäger, Dietmar
AU  - Currie, William S.
AU  - Lexer, Manfred J.
T2  - Forest Ecology and Management
T3  - Meeting the challenges of process-oriented management. Outcomes of the e-Conference "ForwardFORESTs".
AB  - Numerous studies have analyzed the carbon sequestration potential of forests and forest management. However, most studies either focused on national and supra-national scales or on the project level in the context of the flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol. Few studies are available which analyze the effects of alternative silvicultural strategies on carbon sequestration, timber production and other forest services and functions at the operational level of the forest management unit (FMU). The present study investigates effects of three alternative management strategies for secondary Norway spruce forests (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) (Norway spruce age class forestry; continuous cover forestry; conversion to mixed broadleaved forests) and an unmanaged control variant on C sequestration in situ, in wood products and through bioenergy production at the level of a private FMU in Austria, and analyses the interrelationships with timber production and key indicators of biodiversity. The hybrid patch model PICUS v1.4 and a wood products model are employed to simulate forest ecosystem development, timber production, carbon storage in the forest and in wood product pools. Results show that in situ C sequestration is sensitive to forest management with the highest amount of carbon stored in the unmanaged strategy, followed by the continuous cover regime. All three management strategies store substantial quantities of C in the wood products pool. Considering alternative biomass utilization focused on bioenergy production, substantial C offsets could be generated from potential substitution of fossil fuels. Opportunity cost estimates for C sequestration reveal that C sequestration through forest management can be a cost efficient way to reduce atmospheric CO2, but the achievable quantities are limited due to biological limitations and societal constraints. The study emphasizes the importance of developing sustainable forest management strategies that serve the multiple demands on forests in the future.
DA  - 2007/08/30/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.02.035
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 248
IS  - 1–2
SP  - 64
EP  - 79
J2  - Forest Ecology and Management
SN  - 0378-1127
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112707002101
Y2  - 2014/06/14/11:35:48
KW  - Carbon storage
KW  - Norway spruce conversion
KW  - PICUS
KW  - Sustainable forest management
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Rote Liste gefährdeter Moose Vorarlbergs
AU  - Schröck, C.
AU  - Köckinger, H.
AU  - Amann, G.
AU  - Zechmeister, H.
T2  - Rote Listen Vorarlbergs, Band 8
CY  - Dornbirn
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
SP  - 236
M1  - 8
PB  - inatura
UR  - http://www.inatura.at/RL-Moose.12647.0.html
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Untersuchungen zum Einfluss des Klimas auf Vol-tinismus und Ausbreitung des Buchdruckers, Ips typographus, im alpinen Raum
AU  - Schopf, Axel
AU  - Blackwell
AU  - Wimmer, V.
T2  - StartClim2011: Anpassung an den Klimawandel in Österreich– Themenfeld Wald
CY  - Wien, Österreich
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
M3  - Endbericht Start Clim 2011. A
PB  - Universität für Bodenkultur, Institut für Forstentomologie, Forstpathologie und Forstschutz
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/index.php?id=startclim2011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A multi-level concept for fish-based, river-type-specific assessment of ecological integrity
AU  - Schmutz, S.
AU  - Kaufmann, M.
AU  - Vogel, B.
AU  - Jungwirth, M.
AU  - Muhar, S.
T2  - Hydrobiologia
AB  - We propose a multi-level concept for fish-based assessment (MuLFA) of the ecological integrity of running waters. This concept is designed for large-scale monitoring programmes such as required for the proposed Water Framework Directive of the EU. Out of five different biological organisation levels (fauna, community, guild, population and individual), we propose seven criteria: River-type-specific species, species with self-sustaining populations, fish region, number of guilds, guild composition, population size and population age structure. The principle of the MuLFA is based on assessing the deviation from undisturbed reference conditions. Reference conditions have to be compiled for every distinct river type using historical fish and abiotic data, present river-type-specific reference sites and reference models. The final assessment procedure is done by comparing the assessment reach with the reference conditions using a 5-tiered normative scheme and assigning that reach to the level of highest coincidence. The benefit of the MuLFA is its potential for consistent sensitivity to low- and high-dose human alterations, and due to its general character, its adaptability to all river types.
DA  - 2000/04/01/
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1023/A:1017038820390
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 422-423
IS  - 0
SP  - 279
EP  - 289
J2  - Hydrobiologia
LA  - en
SN  - 0018-8158, 1573-5117
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1017038820390
Y2  - 2014/06/14/11:26:45
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Europe
KW  - Austria
KW  - Hydrobiology
KW  - water quality
KW  - assessment criteria
KW  - biological hierarchy
KW  - MuLFA
KW  - reference conditions
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Global warming affecting fish in the Danube River Basin
AU  - Schmutz, S.
AU  - Mielach, C.
T2  - Danube News
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 23
SP  - 12
EP  - 14
SN  - 2070-1292
UR  - http://www.iad.gs/docs/danube_news/Danube_News_23.pdf?PHPSESSID=708652a79156332ebc5be9657f0d43b6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Experimental warming effects on the microbial community of a temperate mountain forest soil
AU  - Schindlbacher, A
AU  - Rodler, A
AU  - Kuffner, M
AU  - Kitzler, B
AU  - Sessitsch, A
AU  - Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S
T2  - Soil biology & biochemistry
AB  - Soil microbial communities mediate the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). The amount of carbon (C) that is respired leaves the soil as CO(2) (soil respiration) and causes one of the greatest fluxes in the global carbon cycle. How soil microbial communities will respond to global warming, however, is not well understood. To elucidate the effect of warming on the microbial community we analyzed soil from the soil warming experiment Achenkirch, Austria. Soil of a mature spruce forest was warmed by 4 °C during snow-free seasons since 2004. Repeated soil sampling from control and warmed plots took place from 2008 until 2010. We monitored microbial biomass C and nitrogen (N). Microbial community composition was assessed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) and by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of ribosomal RNA genes. Microbial metabolic activity was estimated by soil respiration to biomass ratios and RNA to DNA ratios. Soil warming did not affect microbial biomass, nor did warming affect the abundances of most microbial groups. Warming significantly enhanced microbial metabolic activity in terms of soil respiration per amount of microbial biomass C. Microbial stress biomarkers were elevated in warmed plots. In summary, the 4 °C increase in soil temperature during the snow-free season had no influence on microbial community composition and biomass but strongly increased microbial metabolic activity and hence reduced carbon use efficiency.
DA  - 2011/07//
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.005
DP  - NCBI PubMed
VL  - 43
IS  - 7
SP  - 1417
EP  - 1425
LA  - ENG
SN  - 0038-0717
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21760644
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change: can we predict the impacts on plant pathology and pest management?
AU  - Scherm, H.
T2  - Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology
AB  - The science of climate change has matured considerably during the past decade, both relative to the strength of the evidence documenting the ongoing anthropogenic climate change and in terms of the quality of climate models projecting future changes in climate. Concomitantly, modeling studies to project the likely impacts of climate change on agricultural production also have become more sophisticated. Nonetheless, agricultural impact assessments still do not account for all important factors; for example, potential changes in yield losses due to altered dynamics and intensity of pests (insects, plant pathogens, and weeds) under climate change are generally ignored — an important omission, given the significant role of plant pests in constraining the production of food and fiber worldwide. This paper highlights selected challenges that must be overcome before we can hope to quantify the impacts of a changing climate on plant disease intensity and yield loss. They pertain both to retrospective analyses seeking to identify fingerprints related to climate change in long-term plant-disease records, as well as to the use of mathematical models to predict likely impacts on plant pathosystems in the future. The use of climate-change fingerprints has been limited because time series containing disease variables collected in a standardized manner are unavailable for most plant pathogens; in cases where such long-term records do exist, trends are often confounded by changes in biological or management factors over time. As for the use of models for impact assessment, key challenges pertain to uncertainty in input variables, the difficulty in predicting biological responses in the presence of nonlinearities and thresholds, and the high likelihood of genetic adaptation to climate change.
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1080/07060660409507143
DP  - Taylor and Francis+NEJM
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
SP  - 267
EP  - 273
SN  - 0706-0661
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060660409507143
Y2  - 2014/06/14/11:05:04
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Temperature and species richness effects in phytoplankton communities
AU  - Schabhüttl, Stefanie
AU  - Hingsamer, Peter
AU  - Weigelhofer, Gabriele
AU  - Hein, Thomas
AU  - Weigert, Achim
AU  - Striebel, Maren
T2  - Oecologia
AB  - Phytoplankton play an important role as primary producers and thus can affect higher trophic levels. Phytoplankton growth and diversity may, besides other factors, be controlled by seasonal temperature changes and increasing water temperatures. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of temperature and diversity on phytoplankton growth. In a controlled laboratory experiment, monocultures of 15 freshwater phytoplankton taxa (green algae, cyanobacteria, and diatoms) as well as 25 mixed communities of different species richness (2–12 species) and taxa composition were exposed to constant temperatures of 12, 18, and 24 °C. Additionally, they were exposed to short-term daily temperature peaks of +4 °C. Increased species richness had a positive effect on phytoplankton growth rates and phosphorous content at all temperature levels, with maximum values occurring at 18 °C. Overyielding was observed at almost all temperature levels and could mostly be explained by complementary traits. Higher temperatures resulted in higher fractions of cyanobacteria in communities. This negative effect of temperature on phytoplankton diversity following a shift in community composition was most obvious in communities adapted to cooler temperatures, pointing to the assumption that relative temperature changes may be more important than absolute ones.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s00442-012-2419-4
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - (electronic first)
J2  - Oecologia
LA  - en
SN  - 0029-8549, 1432-1939
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00442-012-2419-4
Y2  - 2014/06/14/11:03:45
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - Biodiversity
KW  - Complementarity effect
KW  - Diversity–stability
KW  - Overyielding
KW  - Selection effect
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Studies on variant glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases: G6PD Fort Worth
AU  - Mills, G C
AU  - Alperin, J B
AU  - Trimmer, K B
T2  - Biochemical medicine
DA  - 1975/07//
PY  - 1975
DP  - NCBI PubMed
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
SP  - 264
EP  - 275
J2  - Biochem Med
LA  - eng
SN  - 0006-2944
ST  - Studies on variant glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1007
KW  - Adult
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
KW  - Kinetics
KW  - Drug Stability
KW  - Erythrocytes
KW  - Genetic Variation
KW  - Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase
KW  - Texas
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Inhibitory effects of antihistamines and antiserotonins on the bone marrow reactions produced by Escherichia coli endotoxin in mice
AU  - Hirata, M
T2  - The Journal of infectious diseases
AB  - The bone marrow reactions (that is, decrease of nucleated cell counts and increase of red blood cell counts) of mouse bone were observed 1 hr after injection of endotoxin and peaked after 18 hr. These reactions were significantly inhibited when diphenhydramine, promethazine (antihistamines), chlorpromazine (antiserotonin), or cyproheptadine (antihistamine and antiserotonin) was given 30 min before endotoxin. Such bone marrow reactions were also induced with histamine or serotonin and peaked 1 hr after administration. The histamine-induced changes were inhibited by prior treatment with diphenhydramine. These reactions were also produced by injection of a small amount of both histamine and serotonin, whereas no change was found when mice were given a single injection of a larger dose of histamine or serotonin. These results indicate that histamine and serotonin released in mice at the initial stage after endotoxin synergistically trigger the bone marrow reactions, which then continue in the presence of further mediators. Antihistamines and antiserotonins are considered to hinder the whole process of reactions produced by endotoxin.
DA  - 1975/12//
PY  - 1975
DP  - NCBI PubMed
VL  - 132
IS  - 6
SP  - 611
EP  - 616
J2  - J. Infect. Dis.
LA  - eng
SN  - 0022-1899
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/442
KW  - Male
KW  - Animals
KW  - Bone Marrow Diseases
KW  - Chlorpromazine
KW  - Cyproheptadine
KW  - Diphenhydramine
KW  - Endotoxins
KW  - Escherichia coli
KW  - Histamine
KW  - Histamine H1 Antagonists
KW  - Mice
KW  - Phenobarbital
KW  - Promethazine
KW  - Serotonin Antagonists
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Untersuchungen zur Struktur und Dynamik eines Krummseggenrasens (Caricetum curvulae) in den Ötztaler Alpen. Diplomarbeit.
AU  - Sauberer, N.
DA  - 1994///
PY  - 1994
PB  - Universität Wien
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) epidemics on grapevine under climate change
AU  - Francesca, Salinari
AU  - Simona, Giosuè
AU  - Francesco Nicola, Tubiello
AU  - Andrea, Rettori
AU  - Vittorio, Rossi
AU  - Federico, Spanna
AU  - Cynthia, Rosenzweig
AU  - Maria Lodovica, Gullino
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - As climate is a key agro-ecosystem driving force, climate change could have a severe impact on agriculture. Many assessments have been carried out to date on the possible effects of climate change (temperature, precipitation and carbon dioxide concentration changes) on plant physiology. At present however, likely effects on plant pathogens have not been investigated deeply. The aim of this work was to simulate future scenarios of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) epidemics on grape under climate change, by combining a disease model to output from two general circulation models (GCMs). Model runs corresponding to the SRES-A2 emissions scenario, characterized by high projections of both population and greenhouse gas emissions from present to 2100, were chosen in order to investigate impacts of worst-case scenarios, among those currently available from IPCC. Three future decades were simulated (2030, 2050, 2080), using as baseline historical series of meteorological data collected from 1955 to 2001 in Acqui Terme, an important grape-growing area in the north-west of Italy. Both GCMs predicted increase of temperature and decrease of precipitation in this region. The simulations obtained by combining the disease model to the two GCM outputs predicted an increase of the disease pressure in each decade: more severe epidemics were a direct consequence of more favourable temperature conditions during the months of May and June. These negative effects of increasing temperatures more than counterbalanced the effects of precipitation reductions, which alone would have diminished disease pressure. Results suggested that, as adaptation response to future climate change, more attention would have to be paid in the management of early downy mildew infections; two more fungicide sprays were necessary under the most negative climate scenario, compared with present management regimes. At the same time, increased knowledge on the effects of climate change on host–pathogen interactions will be necessary to improve current predictions.
DA  - 2006/07/01/
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01175.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 12
IS  - 7
SP  - 1299
EP  - 1307
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01175.x/abstract
Y2  - 2014/06/14/11:00:26
KW  - Climate change
KW  - disease pressure
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - GCM scenarios
KW  - impacts and adaptation
KW  - modelling
KW  - oomycota
KW  - Plant disease
KW  - primary infections
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mehr Wald in Österreich.
AU  - Russ, Wolfgang
T2  - BFW-Praxisinformation
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 24
UR  - http://bfw.ac.at/030/pdf/1818_pi24.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Grapevine Flavescence dorée – eine Gefahr für den österreichischen Weinbau? Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, 1.-2.12.2010, Schloss Seggau/Leibnitz.
AU  - Reisenzein, H.
AU  - Berger, N.
AU  - Suarez, B.
AU  - Steffek, R.
CY  - Leibnitz
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The times are changing: temporal shifts in patterns of fish invasions in central European fresh waters
AU  - Rabitsch, W.
AU  - Milasowszky, N.
AU  - Nehring, S.
AU  - Wiesner, C.
AU  - Wolter, C.
AU  - Essl, F.
T2  - Journal of Fish Biology
AB  - This study examines the invasion history of alien fish species based on exhaustive national data sets on fish invasions of two contiguous central European countries (Germany and Austria). Fifteen alien fish species are currently established in both countries, constituting 14 and 17% of the total freshwater fish fauna of Germany and Austria, respectively. In both countries, six alien species are present, but not established. The status of five alien species in Germany and three species in Austria remains unknown. Accumulation rates of alien fish species have increased in recent decades with >50% of them reported after 1971. North America and Asia were the primary sources of alien fish species in Germany and Austria up to the 1980s, whereas European species of Ponto-Caspian origin dominate now. Fisheries (including aquaculture) and the animal trade were responsible for most earlier introductions, whereas waterways were the main pathway for recent invaders. The extent of the spatial distribution of alien species was positively correlated with residence time, i.e. the time elapsed since the first national record. Different thermal preferences of early invaders (mostly coldwater species) and new invaders (typically warmwater adapted) may benefit the latter in the face of climate change. It is concluded that new challenges for alien fish management arise and that ecosystem-based approaches as endorsed by the E.U. Water Framework Directive (maintaining or restoring good ecological status of rivers and streams) should become the centrepiece of river management in Europe.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DP  - Wiley Online Library
SP  - (online
EP  - early)
LA  - en
SN  - 1095-8649
ST  - The times are changing
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03457.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:46:44
KW  - black list
KW  - invasive alien species
KW  - management
KW  - pathways
KW  - residence time
KW  - spread
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effects of nitrogen on tree recruitment in a temperate montane forest as analysed by measured variables and Ellenberg indicator values
AU  - Pröll, G
AU  - Dullinger, S.
AU  - Dirnböck, T.
AU  - Kaiser, C.
AU  - Richter, A.
T2  - Preslia
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 83
IS  - 1
SP  - 111
EP  - 127
SN  - 0032-7786
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Optimale Grünlandbewirtschaftung in Bergregionen.
AU  - Pötsch, E.M.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
SP  - 9
EP  - 18
M3  - Tagungsbericht zur 39. Viehwirtschaftlichen Fachtagung „Milchproduktion – status quo und Anpassung an zukünftige Herausforderungen“
PB  - LFZ Raumberg-Gumpenstein
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Datenbank der Pilze Österreichs. Bearbeitet von Dämon, W., Hausknecht, A. und Krisai-Greilhuber, I.
AU  - Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft (ÖMG)
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://austria.mykodata.net/
Y2  - 2013/05/08/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - CO2 – Die Zukunft gehört dem Klee.
AU  - Nösberger, J.
AU  - Lüscher, A.
T2  - Die Grüne
DA  - 1995///
PY  - 1995
VL  - 23/95
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Tree responses to rising CO2 in field experiments: implications for the future forest
AU  - Norby, R. J.
AU  - Wullschleger, S. D.
AU  - Gunderson, C. A.
AU  - Johnson, D. W.
AU  - Ceulemans, R.
T2  - Plant, Cell & Environment
AB  - The need to assess the role of forests in the global cycling of carbon and how that role will change as the atmospheric concentration of CO2 increases has spawned many experiments over a range of scales. Experiments using open-top chambers have been established at many sites to test whether the short-term responses of tree seedlings described in controlled environments would be sustained over several growing seasons under field conditions. Here we review the results of those experiments, using the framework of the interacting cycles of carbon, water and nutrients, because that is the framework of the ecosystem models that are being used to address the decades-long response of forests. Our analysis suggests that most of what was learned in seedling studies was qualitatively correct. The evidence from field-grown trees suggests a continued and consistent stimulation of photosynthesis of about 60% for a 300 p.p.m. increase in [CO2], and there is little evidence of the long-term loss of sensitivity to CO2 that was suggested by earlier experiments with tree seedlings in pots. Despite the importance of respiration to a tree's carbon budget, no strong scientific consensus has yet emerged concerning the potential direct or acclimation response of woody plant respiration to CO2 enrichment. The relative effect of CO2 on above-ground dry mass was highly variable and greater than that indicated by most syntheses of seedling studies. Effects of CO2 concentration on static measures of response are confounded with the acceleration of ontogeny observed in elevated CO2. The trees in these open-top chamber experiments were in an exponential growth phase, and the large growth responses to elevated CO2 resulted from the compound interest associated with an increasing leaf area. This effect cannot be expected to persist in a closed-canopy forest where growth potential is constrained by a steady-state leaf area index. A more robust and informative measure of tree growth in these experiments is the annual increment in wood mass per unit leaf area, which increased 27% in elevated CO2. There is no support for the conclusion from many studies of seedlings that root-to-shoot ratio is increased by elevated CO2; the production of fine roots may be enhanced, but it is not clear that this response would persist in a forest. Foliar nitrogen concentrations were lower in CO2-enriched trees, but to a lesser extent than was indicated in seedling studies and only when expressed on a leaf mass basis. The prediction that leaf litter C/N ratio would increase was not supported in field experiments. Also contrasting with seedling studies, there is little evidence from the field studies that stomatal conductance is consistently affected by CO2; however, this is a topic that demands more study. Experiments with trees in open-top chambers under field conditions have provided data on longer-term, larger-scale responses of trees to elevated CO2 under field conditions, confirmed some of the conclusions from previous seedling studies, and challenged other conclusions. There remain important obstacles to using these experimental results to predict forest responses to rising CO2, but the studies are valuable nonetheless for guiding ecosystem model development and revealing the critical questions that must be addressed in new, larger-scale CO2 experiments.
DA  - 1999/06/01/
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00391.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 22
IS  - 6
SP  - 683
EP  - 714
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-3040
ST  - Tree responses to rising CO2 in field experiments
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00391.x/abstract
Y2  - 2014/06/14/10:37:30
KW  - Global change
KW  - Forests
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - open-top chambers
KW  - Trees
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Responses of forest trees to single and multiple environmental stresses from seedlings to mature plants: Past stress history, stress interactions, tolerance and acclimation
AU  - Niinemets, Ülo
T2  - Forest Ecology and Management
AB  - Forest trees are exposed to a myriad of single and combined stresses with varying strength and duration throughout their lifetime, and many of the simultaneous and successive stress factors strongly interact. While much progress has been achieved in understanding the effects of single stresses on tree performance, multiple interacting stress effects cannot be adequately assessed from combination of single factor analyses. In particular, global change brings about novel combinations of severity and timing of different stresses, the effects of which on tree performance are currently hard to predict. Furthermore, the combinations of stresses commonly sustained by trees change during tree ontogeny. In addition, tree photosynthesis and growth rates decline with increasing tree age and size, while support biomass in roots, stem and branches accumulates and the concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates increase, collectively resulting in an enhancement of non-structural carbon pools. In this review, tree physiological responses to key environmental stress factors and their combinations are analyzed from seedlings to mature trees. The key conclusions of this analysis are that combined stresses can influence survival of large trees even more than chronic exposure to a single predictable stress such as drought. In addition, tree tolerance to many environmental stresses increases throughout the ontogeny as the result of accumulation of non-structural carbon pools, implying major change in sensing, response and acclimation to single and multiple stresses in trees of different size and age.
DA  - 2010/10/15/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.054
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 260
IS  - 10
SP  - 1623
EP  - 1639
J2  - Forest Ecology and Management
SN  - 0378-1127
ST  - Responses of forest trees to single and multiple environmental stresses from seedlings to mature plants
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112710004743
Y2  - 2014/06/14/10:36:22
KW  - volatile organic compounds
KW  - Non-structural carbon pools
KW  - Ontogeny
KW  - photosynthesis
KW  - Plasticity
KW  - Single and interacting stresses
KW  - Stress diagnosis
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Klimawandel und Veränderungen an der alpinen Waldgrenze - aktuelle Entwicklungen im Vergleich zur Nacheiszeit
AU  - Nicolussi, Kurt
AU  - Patzelt, Gernot
T2  - BFW-Praxisinformation
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
VL  - 10
SP  - 3
EP  - 5
UR  - http://www.uibk.ac.at/geographie/forschung/dendro/publikationen---pdf-files/2006-nic_patz-bfw-praxisinfo10.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Österreichs Schutzwälder sind total überaltert.
AU  - Niese, Gerhard
T2  - BFW-Praxisinformation
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 24
SP  - 29
EP  - 31
UR  - http://bfw.ac.at/030/pdf/1818_pi24.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis
AU  - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
CN  - GF50 .E269 2005
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
SP  - 137
PB  - Island Press
SN  - 1-59726-040-1
ST  - Ecosystems and human well-being
N1  - How is desertification related to ecosystem services and human well-being? -- Who is affected by desertification? -- What are the major causes of desertification? -- How will different future development paths affect desertification? -- How can we prevent or reverse desertification? -- What are the linkages among desertification, global climate change and biodiversity loss? -- How can we better understand the significance of desertification?
KW  - Ecosystem management
KW  - Human ecology
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Biogeographical variation in the population density of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in western Eurasia
AU  - Melis, Claudia
AU  - Szafrańska, Paulina A.
AU  - Jędrzejewska, Bogumiła
AU  - Bartoń, Kamil
T2  - Journal of Biogeography
AB  - Aim  We reviewed 54 studies reporting population densities of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in western Eurasia in order to investigate the roles of vegetation productivity [fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) index], winter harshness (mean January temperature) and presence/absence of wolves (Canis lupus) in shaping the biogeographical variation in population density of wild boar. Location  We collected published data on the autumn–winter population density of wild boar (number of individuals km−2) in 54 locations in western Eurasia, from 1966 to 2003. Methods  The mean January temperature, obtained from the World Climate data base (http://www.worldclimate.com), was taken as a measure of winter severity. We used monthly 4 × 4 km MODIS FPAR data sets covering January 2000 to June 2004 to calculate the vegetation productivity index. In addition, we collected literature data about the presence or absence of wolves from the study areas. Results  In the geographical span of 37–60° N, the population densities of wild boar declined by three orders of magnitude, from 10 to 0.01 individuals km−2. The best multiple regression model (selected with the Akaike information criterion corrected for small samples) showed that mean January temperature and the vegetation productivity index were the most important factors explaining the biogeographical variation in population densities of wild boar. The impact of temperature was stronger than that of productivity. The presence of wolves had a weak limiting effect on population densities of wild boar at the biogeographical scale. Main conclusion  We propose that winter harshness imposes density-independent mortality on wild boar populations at higher latitudes. Competition for food in less productive regions may cause stronger density dependence in birth and death rates of wild boar populations. We expect that wild boar will respond to global warming by both an increase in local population densities and an expansion of their geographical range north and north-eastwards.
DA  - 2006/05/01/
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01434.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 33
IS  - 5
SP  - 803
EP  - 811
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2699
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01434.x/abstract
Y2  - 2014/06/14/10:17:50
KW  - Eurasia
KW  - macroecological scale
KW  - population density
KW  - Sus scrofa
KW  - vegetation productivity
KW  - wild boar
KW  - winter temperature
KW  - wolf predation
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity – Valuation Database Manual
AU  - McVittie, A.
AU  - Hussain, S.S.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://www.teebweb.org/publication/tthe-economics-of-ecosystems-and-biodiversity-valuation-database-manual/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climatic change and wetland desiccation cause amphibian decline in Yellowstone National Park
AU  - McMenamin, Sarah K.
AU  - Hadly, Elizabeth A.
AU  - Wright, Christopher K.
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB  - Amphibians are a bellwether for environmental degradation, even in natural ecosystems such as Yellowstone National Park in the western United States, where species have been actively protected longer than anywhere else on Earth. We document that recent climatic warming and resultant wetland desiccation are causing severe declines in 4 once-common amphibian species native to Yellowstone. Climate monitoring over 6 decades, remote sensing, and repeated surveys of 49 ponds indicate that decreasing annual precipitation and increasing temperatures during the warmest months of the year have significantly altered the landscape and the local biological communities. Drought is now more common and more severe than at any time in the past century. Compared with 16 years ago, the number of permanently dry ponds in northern Yellowstone has increased 4-fold. Of the ponds that remain, the proportion supporting amphibians has declined significantly, as has the number of species found in each location. Our results indicate that climatic warming already has disrupted one of the best-protected ecosystems on our planet and that current assessments of species' vulnerability do not adequately consider such impacts.
DA  - 2008/04/11/
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.0809090105
DP  - www.pnas.org
VL  - 105
IS  - 44
SP  - 16988
EP  - 16993
LA  - en
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/105/44/16988
Y2  - 2014/06/14/10:14:31
KW  - global warming
KW  - drought
KW  - amphibian community
KW  - landscape change
KW  - Remote sensing
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evolution of the international regulation of plant pests and challenges for future plant health
AU  - MacLeod, Alan
AU  - Pautasso, Marco
AU  - Jeger, Mike J.
AU  - Haines-Young, Roy
T2  - Food Security
AB  - Plant pathogens and invertebrates harmful to plants, collectively referred to as plant pests, continue to threaten food security. International cooperation and regulatory systems to inhibit the spread of plant pests began formally in 1878. Initially seven countries worked together and agreed phytosanitary measures against grape phylloxera, Phylloxera vastatrix (=Daktulosphaira vitifoliae). There are now 172 countries that are contracting parties to the International Plant Protection Convention, a treaty that aims to prevent the introduction and spread of pests of plants and plant products, and to promote appropriate measures for their control. Apparently contradictory interests between international trade, which has facilitated the spread of plant pests, and the protection of plants are mutually recognised in global trade and phytosanitary agreements. The principle that risk management measures should provide an appropriate level of protection without undue interference in trade was established within the plant protection agreements at the beginning of the 20th Century and is still fundamental to risk management policy today. Globally ten Regional Plant Protection Organizations facilitate more local cooperation and recommend the regulation of over 1,000 named quarantine plant pests. Member States of the European Union work together and regulate imported plant material on the grounds of plant health with each Member State taking into account the plant health concerns of every other Member State. However, decision making can be slow and border inspections poorly targeted. Close relationships between regulatory scientists and policy makers, focussed on agricultural and horticultural production, are changing to take a broader stakeholder community into consideration as decisions regarding the environment seek to draw upon a wider knowledge base. Challenges that impede the success of limiting international pest movement include increased international trade and climate change. International guidelines designed to prevent pest spread present challenges of their own if they remain difficult to implement.
DA  - 2010/03/01/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1007/s12571-010-0054-7
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
SP  - 49
EP  - 70
LA  - en
SN  - 1876-4517, 1876-4525
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12571-010-0054-7
Y2  - 2014/06/14/10:13:46
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - Agriculture
KW  - Environment, general
KW  - Food Science
KW  - Pest risk analysis
KW  - Phytosanitation
KW  - Plant biosecurity
KW  - Quarantine
KW  - Regulatory science
KW  - Social Policy
KW  - Social Sciences, general
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Do global change experiments overestimate impacts on terrestrial ecosystems?
AU  - Leuzinger, Sebastian
AU  - Luo, Yiqi
AU  - Beier, Claus
AU  - Dieleman, Wouter
AU  - Vicca, Sara
AU  - Körner, Christian
T2  - Trends in Ecology and Evolution
AB  - In recent decades, many climate manipulation experiments have investigated biosphere responses to global change. These experiments typically examined effects of elevated atmospheric CO2, warming or drought (driver variables) on ecosystem processes such as the carbon and water cycle (response variables). Because experiments are inevitably constrained in the number of driver variables tested simultaneously, as well as in time and space, a key question is how results are scaled up to predict net ecosystem responses. In this review, we argue that there might be a general trend for the magnitude of the responses to decline with higher-order interactions, longer time periods and larger spatial scales. This means that on average, both positive and negative global change impacts on the biosphere might be dampened more than previously assumed.
DA  - 2011/05//
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1016/j.tree.2011.02.011
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 26
IS  - 5
SP  - 236
EP  - 241
J2  - Trends in Ecology & Evolution
SN  - 0169-5347
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534711000681
Y2  - 2014/06/14/10:10:25
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Amphibien
AU  - Kyek, M.
AU  - Pintar, Manfred
AU  - Formayer, Herbert
T2  - Auswirkungen von Klimaänderungen auf die Tierwelt – derzeitiger Wissensstand, fokussiert auf den Alpenraum und Österreich
A2  - Kromp-Kolb, H
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
PB  - Endbericht Projekt GZ 54 3895/171-V/4/02. Im Auftrag des  Bundesministeriums für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft
SN  - 3-900962-63-4 978-3-900962-63-0
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Untersuchungen zum Voltinismus und der Entwicklung des Buchdruckers in montanen und subalpinen Fichtenwäldern der Steiermark. Diplomarbeit.
AU  - Krenn, Sonja
CY  - Wien, Österreich
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
SP  - 85
PB  - Universität für Bodenkultur
UR  - http://permalink.obvsg.at/bok/AC06526259
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Vergleich konventioneller und organischer Landbau - Teil II: Klimarelevante Kohlendioxid-Senken von Pflanzen und Boden
AU  - Köpke, Ulrich
AU  - Haas, Guido
T2  - Berichte über Landwirtschaft: Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft.
DA  - 1995///
PY  - 1995
VL  - 73
IS  - 3
SP  - 416
EP  - 434
SN  - 0005-9080
UR  - https://www.econbiz.de/Record/vergleich-konventioneller-und-organischer-landbau-teil-ii-klimarelevante-kohlendioxid-senken-von-pflanzen-und-boden-k%C3%B6pke-ulrich/10007413125
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Datenquellen: Burgunder Daten: Chuine, I., Yiou, P., Viovy, N. et al.: Historical phenology: Grape ripening as a climate indicator, Nature, 432, 289-290, 2004. Schweizer Daten: Meier, N., Ruthishauser, T., Pfister, C., Wanner, H., Luterbacher, J.: Grape harvest dates as a proxy for Swiss April to August temperature reconstruction back to A. D. 1480, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L20705, doi: 10.1029/2007GL031381, 2007. Moderne Klosterneuburger und Wiener Daten: Sommer, M.: Zusammenfassung der Analysenkenndaten von authentischen Weinen verschiedener Jahrgänge und deren weinbaulich-klimatische Interpretation. Diplomarbeit aus den Fachgegenständen Chemie der Früchte und Fruchtprodukte Mathematik. Lehr- und Forschungszentrum für Wein- und Obstbau Klosterneuburg, 2008. Historische Klosterneuburger und Bürgerspitaldaten: Dr. Hammerl; Quelle: ZAMG.
AU  - Koch, Elisabeth
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Phenology in Austria. Phenological Mapping, Long-Term Trends. Selected Papers from the Conference ICB - ICUC ́99, Sydney 8 – 12 November 1999.
AU  - Koch, Elisabeth
T2  - WMO / TD No. 1026, Genf
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recent increases in species richness and shifts in altitudinal distributions of Norwegian mountain plants
AU  - Klanderud, Kari
AU  - Birks, H. J. B.
T2  - The Holocene
AB  - Opportunities for observing long-term changes in natural biota are rare. Observations on the distribution and frequency of vascular plants were performed on 23 mountains situated along a west–east gradient in Jotunhei men, central Norway, where detailed site descriptions and species lists exist from ad 1930–31. The sites were resurveyed during the summer of 1998, to examine possible changes in species richness and species distributions along the altitudinal gradient during a 68-year period. Increased species richness was found on 19 of the mountains and was most pronounced at lower altitudes and in the eastern areas. Lowland species, dwarf shrubs and species with wide altitudinal and ecological ranges showed the greatest increases in abundance and altitudinal advances since the 1930–31 study. Species with more restricted habitat demands, such as some hygrophilous snow-bed species, have declined. High-altitude species have disappeared from their lower-elevation sites and increased their abundance at the highest altitudes. Climatic warming occurring in the last 100 years might have allowed the invasion of lowland and lee-slope species. Increased competition at sites where such species have invaded may have led to a decreased abundance of the less competitive species and a concentration of high-altitude species on the highest ridges. Natural succession since the ‘Little Ice Age’, increased deposition of nitrogen during recent years and changes in grazing and tourism might have in‘ uenced some of the species turnovers, but recent climatic changes are considered to be the most likely major driving factor for the changes observed.
DA  - 2003/01/01/
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1191/0959683603hl589ft
DP  - hol.sagepub.com
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
J2  - The Holocene
LA  - en
SN  - 0959-6836, 1477-0911
UR  - http://hol.sagepub.com/content/13/1/1
Y2  - 2014/06/14/09:34:29
KW  - species richness
KW  - altitudinal limits
KW  - global warming effects
KW  - Jotunheimen
KW  - long-term observations
KW  - mountain plants
KW  - Norway
KW  - recent climatic change
KW  - Vegetation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Integrative model analysis of adaptation measures to a warmer and drier climate
AU  - Kirchner, Mathias
AU  - Strauss, Franziska
AU  - Heumesser, Christine
AU  - Schmid, Erwin
T2  - Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Agrarökonomie
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 177
EP  - 186
UR  - http://oega.boku.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Tagung/2011/Band_21_1/18-13_Kirchner_et_al_OEGA-Jahrbuch_2011.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Ocena ranljivosti in strategija prilagoditve ekosistemov na spremembo podnebja v Sloveniji
AU  - Kajfež-Bogataj, Lučka
AU  - Bergant, Klemen
AU  - Zupančič, Boris
AU  - Črepinšek, Zalika
AU  - Matajc, Iztok
AU  - Leskošek, Mirko
AU  - Gomboc, Stanislav
AU  - Robič, Dušan
AU  - Bizjak, Aleš
AU  - Rogelj, Damjan
AU  - Uhan, Jože
AU  - Skoberne, Peter
AU  - Cegnar, Tanja
AU  - Hočevar, Andrej
CY  - Ljubljana
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
DP  - Open WorldCat
LA  - Slovenian
PB  - Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za agronomijo : Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor : Hidrometeorološki zavod R Slovenije
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Untersuchung der Wasser-, Futter- und Fischqualität in Freigewässern und Aquakulturen des NÖ Alpenvorlandes
AU  - Kainz, M.
T2  - WasserCluster Lunz, Lunz am See.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
SP  - 35
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Risiko einer dauerhaften Festsetzung des Kalifornischen Blütenthripses (Frankliniella occidentalis) im Freiland als Folge des Klimawandels; 48. Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, Mautern a. d. Donau, 28.11.2007.
AU  - Kahrer, A.
AU  - Formayer, H.
CY  - [online]
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
PB  - AGES - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheut und Ernährungssicherheit, BOKU - Universität für Bodenkultur
UR  - http://www.ages.at/uploads/media/Risikoanalyse_Frankliniella_occidentalis_2007_Kahrer_02.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Abschätzung des Überwinterungserfolgs exotischer Insekten unter künftigen Klimabedingungen in Österreich. 13. Klimatag, 14.-15.6. 2012. Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien
T2  - 13. Klimatag, 14.-15.6. 2012
A2  - Kahrer, A.
A2  - Pilz, C.
A2  - Egartner, A.
A2  - Grabenweger, G.
A2  - Scheifinger, H.
A2  - Matulla, C.
A2  - Zuvela-Aloise, M.
CY  - Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/fileadmin/user_upload/13._Klimatag2012/Poster/P15_Kahrer.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Abschätzung des Risikos einer dauerhaften Festsetzung von Gewächshausschädlingen im Freiland als Folge des Klimawandels am Beispiel des Kalifornischen Blütenthripses (Frankliniella occidentalis).
AU  - Kahrer, A.
AU  - Formayer, H.
CY  - Wien, Österreich
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
SP  - 19
M3  - StartClim2005.C3b
PB  - AGES, Institut für Pflanzengesundheit, Universität für Bodenkultur, Institut für Meteorologie
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/fileadmin/user_upload/reports/StCl05C3b.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Analysis of the relative importance of nutrients, climatic factors, and CO2 as causes of observed changes in growth
AU  - Kahle, Hans-Peter
AU  - v.Oijen
AU  - Spiecker, Heinrich
AU  - Ågren, G.I.
AU  - Chertow, Marian
AU  - Kellomäki, Seppo
AU  - Mellert, Karl
AU  - Perez-Martinez, P.-J.
AU  - Prietzel, Jörg
AU  - Straussberger, R.
AU  - Rehfuess, Karl-Eugen
AU  - Unseld, R.
T2  - Causes and consequences of forest growth trends in Europe
A2  - Kahle, Hans-Peter
A2  - Karjalainen, Timo
A2  - Schuck, Anette
A2  - Ågren, G.I.
A2  - Kellomäki, Seppo
A2  - Mellert, Karl
A2  - Prietzel, Jörg
A2  - Rehfuess, Karl-Eugen
A2  - Spiecker, Heinrich
T3  - European Forest Institute research report
CN  - SD396 .C38 2008
CY  - Leiden; Boston
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
PB  - Brill
SN  - 978-90-04-16705-6
SV  - v. 21
N1  - "Results of the RECOGNITION project."
KW  - Europe
KW  - growth
KW  - Trees
KW  - Forest regeneration
KW  - Forest surveys
KW  - Growth Mathematical models
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Das Auftreten verschiedener Blattlausarten in Wintergerste auf dem Versuchsstandort Raasdorf/NÖ in der Vegetationsperiode 2008/09.
T2  - Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, 25.-26.11.2009
A2  - Jungmeier, Michael
A2  - Lethmayer, C.
A2  - Glauninger, J.
CY  - Raasdorf, Österreich
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Untersuchungen über die Viröse Gelbverzwergung (barley yellow dwarf virus) an Wintergerste (Hordeum vulgare L.) in der Vegetationsperiode 2008/2009. Masterarbeit
AU  - Jungmeier, Michael
CY  - Wien, Österreich
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
PB  - Universität für Bodenkultur
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Future climate impact on spruce bark beetle life cycle in relation to uncertainties in regional climate model data ensembles
AU  - Jönsson, Anna Maria
AU  - Bärring, Lars
T2  - Tellus A
AB  - In this study, we quantify the effect of uncertainties in climate projections on an impact model (IPS) that describes the temperature-dependent swarming and development of Ips typographus. Three forcing climate data sets (ensembles) were used: (1) E-Obs gridded observations, (2) ERA-40 reanalysis data downscaled by eight regional climate models (RCMs) and (3) regional scenarios from one RCM forced by seven GCM simulations representing SRES-A1B, for the period of 1961–2097. The IPS_RCM_ERA40 ensemble members, including IPS_RC3_ERA40, were generally within the IPS_E-Obs confidence limits. The IPS model is however sensitive to the warming during spring and cooling during autumn, and deviations in simulated swarming were related to known climate model biases. The variation between the IPS_RCA3_GCM ensemble members was particularly high in regions where warmer summers (temperature increase from +2 °C to +4 °C) will induce an additional generation per year, for example a shift from one to two generations per year in south Scandinavia, and an increased frequency of three generations per year in central Europe. Impact assessments based on an ensemble of climate data gives more robust decision support than a single climate model approach because it allows a probabilistic assessment of the geographical areas experiencing a transition in biological response.
DA  - 2011/01/01/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00479.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
SP  - 158
EP  - 173
LA  - en
SN  - 1600-0870
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00479.x/abstract
Y2  - 2014/06/14/08:43:36
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Divergent vegetation growth responses to the 2003 heat wave in the Swiss Alps: VEGETATION RESPONSE TO ALPINE HEAT WAVE
AU  - Jolly, William M.
AU  - Dobbertin, Matthias
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
AU  - Reichstein, Markus
T2  - Geophysical Research Letters
DA  - 2005/09/28/
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1029/2005GL023252
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 32
IS  - 18
LA  - en
SN  - 00948276
ST  - Divergent vegetation growth responses to the 2003 heat wave in the Swiss Alps
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2005GL023252
Y2  - 2014/06/14/08:43:05
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Land use form affects the soil carbon pool – Case study Austria. EGU General Assembly 2011
AU  - Jandl, Robert
T2  - Geophysical Research Abstracts.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 13. EGU2011-3384
UR  - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2011/EGU2011-3384.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Macrophyte inventory of the river Danube: A pilot study
T2  - Large Rivers
A3  - Janauer, G.A.
A3  - Hale, Peter
A3  - Sweeting, Roger
CY  - Stuttgart
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DP  - Open WorldCat
VL  - 1-2
SP  - 229
LA  - English
M1  - 14
PB  - Schweizerbart
SN  - 3-510-66033-1 978-3-510-66033-9
UR  - http://www.midcc.at/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Working Group II Contribution to AR5. Volume I & II
AU  - IPCC
CY  - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
DA  - 2014///
PY  - 2014
PB  - Cambridge University Press
UR  - http://www.ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/report
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Pilzkrankheiten im Ackerbau – Historischer Rückblick und aktuelle Entwicklungen.
AU  - Huss, H.
T2  - Stapfia
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 96
SP  - 195
EP  - 209
UR  - http://www.raumberg-gumpenstein.at/cm4/index.php/de/component/jdownloads/finish/203-fodok/8393-pilzkrankheiten-im-ackerbau-historischer-rueckblick-und-aktuelle-entwicklungen.html
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Temperatur- und Lichtbedingungen auf die Keimfähigkeit der Giftbeere (Nicandra physalodes). Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, 1.-2.12.2010, Schloss Seggau/Leibnitz.
A2  - Huemer, M.
A2  - Glauninger, J.
CY  - Leibnitz
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Auswirkungen der Erderwärmung auf die Maisreife. ALVA-Jahrestagung „Klimawandel – Auswirkungen auf Umwelt und Agrarproduktion
AU  - Hinterholzer, J.
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
PB  - Arbeitsgemeinschaft Landwirtschaftlicher Versuchsanstalten (ALVA), Österr. Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit (AGES)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Hochlageninventur 2005 und Luftbildauswertung 2003 bis 2005. Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zur Waldentwicklung im Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald
AU  - Heurich, M.
AU  - Rall, Heinrich
T2  - Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald.
T3  - Berichte aus dem Nationalpark
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
IS  - 3/2006
SP  - 21
UR  - http://www.nationalpark-bayerischer-wald.de/doc/service/publikationen/d_berichte/berichte_np_heft_3_2006_ba.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Consequences of climatic change for water temperature and brown trout populations in Alpine rivers and streams
AU  - Hari, Renata E.
AU  - Livingstone, David M.
AU  - Siber, Rosi
AU  - Burkhardt-Holm, Patricia
AU  - Güttinger, Herbert
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - Twenty-five years of extensive water temperature data show regionally coherent warming to have occurred in Alpine rivers and streams at all altitudes, reflecting changes in regional air temperature. Much of this warming occurred abruptly in 1987/1988. For brown trout populations, the warming resulted in an upward shift in thermal habitat that was accelerated by an increase in the incidence of temperature-dependent Proliferative Kidney Disease at the habitat's lower boundary. Because physical barriers restrict longitudinal migration in mountain regions, an upward habitat shift in effect implies habitat reduction, suggesting the likelihood of an overall population decrease. Extensive brown trout catch data documenting an altitudinally dependent decline indicate that such a climate-related population decrease has in fact occurred. Our analysis employs a quantitatively defined reference optimum temperature range for brown trout, based on the sinusoidal regression of seasonally varying field data.
DA  - 2006/01/01/
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001051.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 10
EP  - 26
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001051.x/abstract
Y2  - 2014/06/14/07:36:03
KW  - Climatic change
KW  - water temperature
KW  - Alpine rivers and streams
KW  - altitude dependence
KW  - brown trout
KW  - habitat shift
KW  - optimum temperature
KW  - Proliferative Kidney Disease
KW  - regional coherence
KW  - sinusoidal regression
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Effects of genotype, environment and crop management on biotic and abiotic stress responses of potato. Poster presented at INRA, 2nd Conference EUCARPIA, 1.-3.12.2010
A2  - Grausgruber, H.
A2  - Sengthaler, K.
A2  - Kronberger, E.
A2  - Glauninger, J.
CY  - Paris, France
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://forschung.boku.ac.at/fis/suchen.publikationen_uni_autoren?sprache_in=en&menue_id_in=205&id_in=&publikation_id_in=72752
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Experimentelles Wachstum von Moosen auf unterschiedlichem Substrat. Diplomarbeit.
AU  - Grafschafter, Robert
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
PB  - Universität Wien
UR  - http://131.130.59.133/department/Library/publications_students.cfm
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - On community structure in high alpine grasslands
AU  - Grabherr, Georg
T2  - Progress in theoretical vegetation science
A2  - Grabherr, G.
A2  - Mucina, L.
A2  - Dale, M. B.
A2  - Braak, C. J. F. Ter
T3  - Advances in vegetation science
AB  - Previously published data on production biology, energy use efficiency, nutrient availability and vulnerability were reinterpreted for the explanation of community processing and structure in high altitude grasslands of the Alps. The final goal of the approach was to present a characterization of these plant communities in generalized terms. The keystone-concept was applied, and the alpine grasslands then defined as plant communities with one or a few keystone species. Associated species show a varying degree of interdependence from these keystones. They form guilds exploiting resources not needed by the latter. As many of these species belong to these groups, and alpine grasslands are commonly species rich, a high functional redundancy is typical for these communities.
DA  - 1990/01/01/
PY  - 1990
DP  - link.springer.com
SP  - 223
EP  - 227
LA  - en
PB  - Springer Netherlands
SN  - 978-94-010-7363-9 978-94-009-1934-1
SV  - 11
UR  - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-1934-1_19
Y2  - 2014/06/14/07:27:47
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - Austria
KW  - Plant Ecology
KW  - Caricetum curvulae
KW  - Functional role
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Ergebnisse des Maiswurzelbohrer– Monitorings 2007
AU  - Grabenweger, G.
T2  - 48. Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, 28.-29.11.2007, Mautern a.d. Donau.
A2  - Österreichische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für integrierten Pflanzenschutz
CY  - Mautern a.d. Donau.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
SN  - 1996-5028
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Ökosystemleistungen und Landwirtschaft. Erstellung eines Inventars für Österreich.
AU  - Götzl, M.
AU  - Schwaiger, E.
AU  - Sonderegger, G.
AU  - Süßenbacher, E.
CY  - Wien, Österreich
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
PB  - Umweltbundesamt Wien
SN  - REP-0355
UR  - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/fileadmin/site/publikationen/REP0355.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Neue Unkrautarten auf Ackerland – eine Herausforderung für Wissenschaft und Praxis. Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, 29.-30.11.2006, Schloss Seggau/Leibnitz.
A2  - Glauninger, J.
A2  - Holzner, W.
A2  - Klug, P.
CY  - Leibnitz
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Kartoffeln: Alternaria-Befallssituation 2009 und 2010 im Weinviertel / Ostösterreich. Witterungsbedingt unterschiedliche Ausprägung der Sortenanfälligkeit.
AU  - Glauninger, J.
AU  - Holzweber, M.
AU  - Kronberger, E.
T2  - Der Pflanzenarzt
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 63
IS  - 9-10
SP  - 16
EP  - 17
SN  - 0031-6733
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Neue Unkräuter - Wissen fehlt noch.
AU  - Glauninger, J.
T2  - Bio Austria Fachzeitschrift für Landwirtschaft und Ökologie
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
IS  - 2
SP  - 16
EP  - 17
UR  - https://forschung.boku.ac.at/fis/suchen.person_wissenstransfer?sprache_in=de&menue_id_in=106&id_in=75
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Auswirkungen von Klimaveränderungen auf biogene Schadfaktoren.
AU  - Glauninger, J.
AU  - Kersebaum, K. C.
T2  - Landwirtschaft im Klimawandel: Auswirkungen und Anpassungsstrategien für die Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Mitteleuropa
A2  - Eitzinger, Josef
A2  - Kersebaum, Kurt Christian
A2  - Formayer, Herbert
CN  - S600.64.E865 E38 2009
CY  - Clenze, Deutschland
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
PB  - Agrimedia
SN  - 978-3-86037-378-1
KW  - Economic aspects
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Crops and climate
KW  - Europe, Central
KW  - Climate
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate-driven changes in spring plankton dynamics and the sensitivity of shallow polymictic lakes to the North Atlantic Oscillation
AU  - Gerten, Dieter
AU  - Adrian, Rita
T2  - Limnology and Oceanography
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.4319/lo.2000.45.5.1058
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
SP  - 1058
EP  - 1066
SN  - 00243590
UR  - http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_45/issue_5/1058.html
Y2  - 2014/06/14/07:10:40
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Climate change and plant disease risk.
AU  - Garrett, K.A.
T2  - Global Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events: Understanding the Contributions to Infectious Disease Emergence: Workshop Summary
A2  - Relman, D.A.
A2  - Hamburg, M.A.
A2  - Choffnes, E.R.
A2  - Mack, A.
AB  - The Forum on Microbial Threats of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a public workshop in Washington, DC, on December 4 and 5, 2007, to explore the anticipated direct and indirect effects of global climate change and extreme weather events on infectious diseases of humans, animals, and plants and the implications of these health impacts for global and national security. Through invited presentations and discussions, invited speakers considered a range of topics related to climate change and infectious diseases, including the ecological and environmental contexts of climate and infectious diseases; direct and indirect influences of extreme weather events and climate change on infectious diseases; environmental trends and their influence on the transmission and geographic range of vector- and non-vector-borne infectious diseases; opportunities and challenges for the surveillance, prediction, and early detection of climate-related outbreaks of infectious diseases; and the international policy implications of the potentially far-reaching impacts of climate change on infectious disease.
CN  - NBK45747
CY  - Washington (DC)
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - NCBI PubMed
SP  - 143
EP  - 155
LA  - eng
PB  - National Academies Press (US)
SN  - 978-0-309-12402-7 0-309-12402-6
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45747/
Y2  - 2014/06/14/07:03:53
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20945574
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change effects on plant disease: genomes to ecosystems
AU  - Garrett, K A
AU  - Dendy, S P
AU  - Frank, E E
AU  - Rouse, M N
AU  - Travers, S E
T2  - Annual review of phytopathology
AB  - Research in the effects of climate change on plant disease continues to be limited, but some striking progress has been made. At the genomic level, advances in technologies for the high-throughput analysis of gene expression have made it possible to begin discriminating responses to different biotic and abiotic stressors and potential trade-offs in responses. At the scale of the individual plant, enough experiments have been performed to begin synthesizing the effects of climate variables on infection rates, though pathosystem-specific characteristics make synthesis challenging. Models of plant disease have now been developed to incorporate more sophisticated climate predictions. At the population level, the adaptive potential of plant and pathogen populations may prove to be one of the most important predictors of the magnitude of climate change effects. Ecosystem ecologists are now addressing the role of plant disease in ecosystem processes and the challenge of scaling up from individual infection probabilities to epidemics and broader impacts.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1146/annurev.phyto.44.070505.143420
DP  - NCBI PubMed
VL  - 44
SP  - 489
EP  - 509
J2  - Annu Rev Phytopathol
LA  - eng
SN  - 0066-4286
ST  - Climate change effects on plant disease
KW  - Greenhouse Effect
KW  - Ecosystem
KW  - Plant Diseases
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Sustainability of Crop Production Systems under Climate Change.
AU  - Fuhrer, Jürg
T2  - Agroecosystems in a Changing Climate
A2  - Newton, Paul C. D.
A2  - Carran, R. Andrew
A2  - Edwards, Grant R.
A2  - Niklaus, Pascal A.
AB  - Agroecosystems in a Changing Climate considers the consequences of changes in the atmosphere and climate on the integrity, stability, and productivity of agroecosystems. The book adopts a novel approach by bringing together theoretical contributions from ecologists and the applied interpretations of agriculturalists. Drawing these two approaches together, the book provides the theoretical underpinning that guides scientists on what phenomena to look for, looking beyond first-order responses in the creation of sustainable agroecosystems. This unique approach provides an interpretation of ecological insights and general theory, and then relates them to agroecosystem performance. Each section of the book combines general principles of response with an examination of the applied consequences. The authors cover the supply of resources necessary to sustain agriculture in the future and discuss the incidence of pests, weeds, diseases, and their control. They provide an understanding of how the population biology of organisms will change and the adaptations that might be possible. The book also explores plant breeding solutions and the capacity for adaptation that exists in plant populations. In addition to the full chapters, the book includes Special Example chapters that deal in more detail with specific issues. Presenting a global perspective of climate change effects on agricultural production, Agroecosystems in a Changing Climate establishes connections between the immediate effects of change and the longer-term processes that will ultimately determine the consequences for agroecosystems and therefore the potential for adaptation.
CY  - Florida, USA
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Books
LA  - en
PB  - CRC Press
SN  - 978-1-4200-0382-6
L2  - http://books.google.at/books?id=Sk1XBmrTtPgC
KW  - Technology & Engineering / Agriculture / Agronomy / Soil Science
KW  - Technology & Engineering / Agriculture / Forestry
KW  - Nature / Ecology
KW  - Science / Life Sciences / Botany
KW  - Technology & Engineering / Agriculture / General
KW  - Science / Life Sciences / Biological Diversity
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - LinkWichtige Unkrautprobleme in steirischen Feldkulturen in den Jahren 2008 und 2009 . Masterarbeit.
AU  - Fragner, Harald
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
PB  - Universität für Bodenkultur
UR  - http://permalink.obvsg.at/bok/AC08276765
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Invasion dynamics of three allergenic invasive Asteraceae (Ambrosia trifida, Artemisia annua, Iva xanthiifolia) in central and eastern Europe.
AU  - Follak, S.
AU  - Dullinger, S.
AU  - Kleinbauer, I.
AU  - Moser, D.
AU  - Essl, F.
T2  - Preslia
AB  - We analyzed the history of the invasion, spread dynamics and habitat affiliation of three allergenic wind-pollinated species (Ambrosia trifida, Artemisia annua, Iva xanthiifolia; tribe Heliantheae, Asteraceae) in central and eastern Europe (CEE) using distribution data from a wide range of sources. In addition, we used niche-based ensemble modelling techniques to assess current invasion risk of the region studied. We collated 1804 records of A. annua, 1063 of I. xanthiifolia and 324 of A. trifida. All species were first recorded in the 19th century, remained rare until the middle of the 20th century, but have spread rapidly in recent decades. Iva xanthiifolia spread the fastest followed by A. annua. The latter species is now abundant in northern Italy, along the Elbe river in Germany and the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia and Hungary, while I. xanthiifolia occurs most frequently in the warm and continental parts of CEE. Ambrosia trifida spread slowly and its current distribution consists of relatively few and mostly isolated localities in CEE. Ambrosia trifida and I. xanthiifolia occur primarily in ruderal habitats, whereas I. xanthiifolia has also increasingly invaded fields. Initially confined to ruderal habitats, A. annua has expanded its habitat niche during the invasion and has invaded riverine vegetation and (semi-)natural habitats. Ensemble species-distribution models show that the current distribution of A. trifida and A. annua in CEE is closely related to temperature and precipitation, whereas land use is only important for I. xanthiifolia. Under the current climate, substantial fractions of the study area provide suitable habitat for these species: A. trifida (16% of CEE), A. annua (28%) and I. xanthiifolia (26%). Because of their significant potential impact on public health, future spread of these species should be monitored and management strategies (e.g. raising awareness, early control) should urgently be implemented.
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
DP  - CABI - CAB Abstracts
VL  - 85
IS  - 1
SP  - 41
EP  - 61
J2  - Preslia
LA  - English
DB  - CABDirect2
N1  - <p>Author Affiliation: Austrian Agency of Health and Food Safety, Spargelfeldstrasse 191, A-1220 Vienna, Austria.</p>
N1  - <p>Author Email: swen.follak@ages.at</p>
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Zum Auftreten neuer Unkrautarten in der Steiermark
AU  - Follak, S.
CY  - [online]
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 1
PB  - Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährun gssicherheit, Institut für Pflanzengesundheit
UR  - http://www.ages.at/uploads/media/Neue_Unkrautarten_in_der_Steiermark_2008_Follak_02.PDF
Y2  - 2014/06/14/06:49:06
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Neue Unkrautprobleme in der Landwirtschaft – Welche Rolle spielt der Klimawandel?
AU  - Follak, S.
T2  - 48. Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, 28.-29.11.2007, Mautern a.d. Donau.
A2  - Österreichische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für integrierten Pflanzenschutz
CY  - Mautern a.d. Donau.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
SN  - 1996-5028
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ocean Science: The power of plankton
AU  - Falkowski, Paul
T2  - Nature
AB  - Do tiny floating microorganisms in the ocean's surface waters play a massive role in controlling the global climate?
DA  - 2012/03/01/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1038/483S17a
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 483
IS  - 7387
SP  - S17
EP  - S20
J2  - Nature
LA  - en
SN  - 0028-0836
ST  - Ocean Science
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v483/n7387_supp/full/483S17a.html
Y2  - 2014/06/14/06:43:19
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Save our surface
AU  - Exner, A.
T2  - Sustainable Austria
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
SP  - 20
SN  - 57/2011
UR  - http://www.nachhaltig.at/SusA57.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Vulnerability of mires under climate change: implications for nature conservation and climate change adaptation
AU  - Essl, Franz
AU  - Dullinger, Stefan
AU  - Moser, Dietmar
AU  - Rabitsch, Wolfgang
AU  - Kleinbauer, Ingrid
T2  - Biodiversity and Conservation
AB  - Wetlands in general and mires in particular belong to the most important terrestrial carbon stocks globally. Mires (i.e. bogs, transition bogs and fens) are assumed to be especially vulnerable to climate change because they depend on specific, namely cool and humid, climatic conditions. In this paper, we use distribution data of the nine mire types to be found in Austria and habitat distribution models for four IPCC scenarios to evaluate climate change induced risks for mire ecosystems within the 21st century. We found that climatic factors substantially contribute to explain the current distribution of all nine Austrian mire ecosystem types. Summer temperature proved to be the most important predictor for the majority of mire ecosystems. Precipitation—mostly spring and summer precipitation sums—was influential for some mire ecosystem types which depend partly or entirely on ground water supply (e.g. fens). We found severe climate change induced risks for all mire ecosystems, with rain-fed bog ecosystems being most threatened. Differences between scenarios are moderate for the mid-21st century, but become more pronounced towards the end of the 21st century, with near total loss of climate space projected for some ecosystem types (bogs, quagmires) under severe climate change. Our results imply that even under minimum expected, i.e. inevitable climate change, climatic risks for mires in Austria will be considerable. Nevertheless, the pronounced differences in projected habitat loss between moderate and severe climate change scenarios indicate that limiting future warming will likely contribute to enhance long-term survival of mire ecosystems, and to reduce future greenhouse gas emissions from decomposing peat. Effectively stopping and reversing the deterioration of mire ecosystems caused by conventional threats can be regarded as a contribution to climate change mitigation. Because hydrologically intact mires are more resilient to climatic changes, this would also maintain the nature conservation value of mires, and help to reduce the severe climatic risks to which most Austrian mire ecosystems may be exposed in the 2nd half of the 21st century according to IPCC scenarios.
DA  - 2012/03/01/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s10531-011-0206-x
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
SP  - 655
EP  - 669
J2  - Biodivers Conserv
LA  - en
SN  - 0960-3115, 1572-9710
ST  - Vulnerability of mires under climate change
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10531-011-0206-x
Y2  - 2014/06/14/06:38:17
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - Tree Biology
KW  - Biodiversity
KW  - Carbon sequestration
KW  - mitigation
KW  - ecosystems
KW  - BIOMOD
KW  - Climate scenarios
KW  - Evolutionary Biology
KW  - Habitat loss
KW  - Habitat models
KW  - Peatland
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Distribution patterns, range size and niche breadth of Austrian endemic plants
AU  - Essl, Franz
AU  - Staudinger, Markus
AU  - Stöhr, Oliver
AU  - Schratt-Ehrendorfer, Luise
AU  - Rabitsch, Wolfgang
AU  - Niklfeld, Harald
T2  - Biological Conservation
AB  - Endemic species are not a uniform group in terms of range size, habitat preferences, and ecological plasticity. Based on a recent inventory of endemic vascular plant species in Austria, we analysed distribution patterns, altitudinal distribution and habitat preferences of endemic species and analysed the correlation of range size and niche breadth. The inventory includes 103 vascular plant taxa (species and subspecies) endemic to Austria.

Grid cells (cell size ca. 35 km2) with highest taxon numbers (max. 25 taxa) are limited to the Northeastern Calcareous Alps, whereas highest numbers of acidophilous endemics occur in the easternmost high-mountain chains of the Central Alps. The majority of endemics (61 taxa; 59.2%) are found on calcareous bedrock, 6 taxa (5.8%) on intermediate substrates, and 29 (28.2%) on siliceous bedrock. The range size of endemic vascular plant taxa is strongly skewed towards very narrow distributions – 45 taxa are restricted to &lt;20 grid cells. Average range sizes differ markedly between endemics of different broad habitat types, endemics of habitats with limited and patchy distribution (serpentine vegetation, dry grassland) having the smallest ranges.

The altitudinal distribution of endemic plant taxa peaks at high altitudes, in the subalpine and lower alpine altitude belt. Below the tree line, endemics predominantly colonize extra- and azonal dry or wet habitats, whereas above the tree line, zonal alpine grassland and azonal vegetation types (scree, rocks, snowbeds) are equally essential to the endemic flora. Niche breadth of endemics is positively, however moderately, correlated with range size. This correlation is stronger for the altitudinal distribution than for the number of habitats colonized.

The distribution patterns and ecology of endemics differ considerably from overall biodiversity patterns and must be addressed appropriately in conservation strategies. Small niche-breadths and the specific habitat requirements of endemics of very localized distribution render these taxa highly vulnerable to climate change.
DA  - 2009/11//
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.05.027
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 142
IS  - 11
SP  - 2547
EP  - 2558
J2  - Biological Conservation
SN  - 0006-3207
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320709002493
Y2  - 2014/06/14/06:37:40
KW  - Altitude
KW  - Habitat preference
KW  - Hot spots
KW  - Niche breadth
KW  - Pleistocene
KW  - Range size
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Regional climate change impacts on agricultural crop production in Central and Eastern Europe – hotspots, regional differences and common trends
AU  - Eitzinger, J.
AU  - Trnka, M.
AU  - Semerádová, D.
AU  - Thaler, S.
AU  - Svobodová, E.
AU  - Hlavinka, P.
AU  - Šiška, B.
AU  - Takáč, J.
AU  - Malatinská, L.
AU  - Nováková, M.
AU  - Dubrovský, M.
AU  - Žalud, Z.
T2  - The Journal of Agricultural Science
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
DO  - 10.1017/S0021859612000767
DP  - Cambridge Journals Online
VL  - 151
IS  - 06
SP  - 787
EP  - 812
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Europe's ecological backbone: recognising the true value of our mountains
AU  - EEA
AB  - Europe's mountain areas have social, economic and environmental capital of significance for the entire continent. This importance has been recognised since the late 19th century through national legislation; since the 1970s through regional structures for cooperation; and since the 1990s through regional legal instruments for the Alps and Carpathians. The European Union (EU) first recognised the specific characteristics of mountain areas in 1975 through the designation of Less Favoured Areas (LFAs). During the last decade, EU cohesion policy and the Treaty of Lisbon have both focused specifically on mountains.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
LA  - en
M3  - Report
PB  - European Environment Agency
SN  - 6/2010
ST  - Europe's ecological backbone
UR  - http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/europes-ecological-backbone
Y2  - 2014/06/14/06:33:41
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Floods
KW  - Natura 2000
KW  - Biodiversity
KW  - water quality
KW  - Ecosystem services
KW  - ecosystems
KW  - habitats
KW  - Habitats Directive
KW  - hydropower
KW  - land cover
KW  - mountain ecosystems
KW  - Mountains
KW  - population
KW  - protected areas
KW  - species
KW  - water towers
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Modelling climate change-driven treeline shifts: relative effects of temperature increase, dispersal and invasibility
AU  - Dullinger, Stefan
AU  - Dirnböck, Thomas
AU  - Grabherr, Georg
T2  - Journal of Ecology
AB  - * 1Global warming will probably shift treelines upslope in alpine areas and towards the pole in arctic environments. However, responses of regional treelines to climatic trends over the last century do not show any clear trends. We hypothesize that these equivocal responses may partly be caused by limitation of dispersal and/or recruitment that is species-specific to particular trees with potentially expanding ranges.
* 2To test this hypothesis, we established and parameterized a temporally and spatially explicit model of plant spread and analysed its sensitivity to: (a) variation in predicted climatic trends; (b) the spatial distribution of recruits around a seed source; and (c) variation in the resistance of resident non-woody vegetation to invasion. We used data from a high mountain landscape of the Northern Calcareous Alps in Austria where the treeline is dominated by Pinus mugo Turra, a shrubby pine.
* 3Low growth rates and long generation times, together with considerable dispersal and recruitment limitation, resulted in an overall slow range expansion under various climate-warming scenarios.
* 4Running the model for 1000 years predicted that the area covered by pines will increase from 10% to between 24% and 59% of the study landscape.
* 5The shape of the dispersal curve and spatial patterns of competitively controlled recruitment suppression affect range size dynamics at least as severely as does variation in assumed future mean annual temperature (between 0 °C and 2 °C above the current mean). Moreover, invasibility and shape of the dispersal curve interact with each other due to the spatial patterns of vegetation cover in the region.
* 6Ambiguous transient responses of individual treeline systems may thus originate not only from variation in regional climatic trends but also from differences in species’ dispersal and recruitment behaviour and in the intensity and pattern of resistance of resident alpine vegetation to invasion.
DA  - 2004/04/01/
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00872.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 92
IS  - 2
SP  - 241
EP  - 252
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2745
ST  - Modelling climate change-driven treeline shifts
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00872.x/abstract
Y2  - 2014/06/14/06:32:45
KW  - Climate change
KW  - European Alps
KW  - alpine treeline
KW  - dispersal
KW  - invisibility
KW  - plant spread model
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Interactions among tree-line conifers: differential effects of pine on spruce and larch
AU  - Dullinger, S.
AU  - Dirnböck, T.
AU  - Köck, R.
AU  - Hochbichler, E.
AU  - Englisch, T.
AU  - Sauberer, N.
AU  - Grabherr, G.
T2  - Journal of Ecology
AB  - * 1Plant–plant interactions are increasingly considered as complex phenomena involving both negative and positive components. Within a community, the relative importance of these components is probably species-specific and may also vary among life-history stages and along environmental gradients.
* 2We used the tree line of the north-eastern Calcareous Alps of Austria, composed of shrubby Pinus mugo and upright Picea abies and Larix decidua, as a simple system in which to investigate these interactions. We focused on the largely unknown effects of pines on spruce and larch, rather than on P. mugo, which is known to be competitively displaced by the two tree species.
* 3We used regression models on observational data to analyse the responses of the trees to a gradient of pine cover in terms of recruitment, growth, fecundity and browsing damage, and to determine whether effects involved both competitive and facilitative components, if they depended on the life-history stage of the trees and if they were species-specific.
* 4We detected a pronounced negative effect of pine cover on recruitment and growth of both spruce and larch, whereas seed production was unaffected. Larch turned out to be more sensitive to pine competition: its recruitment and growth are superior to that of spruce in open habitats but this advantage vanishes in dense pine thickets.
* 5Contrary to expectations, the effects of pine cover on growth rates of spruce and larch did not depend on the life-history stage of the trees.
* 6Pine cover is a major determinant of browsing damage for both spruce and larch, indicating that it does have a positive effect in providing shelter against herbivores.
* 7The differential effects of pines on spruce and larch are likely to favour spruce at the expense of larch in realizing potential habitat expansion as a result of climate change. Disregarding the complex details of plant–plant interactions may thus result in unrealistic predictions of species responses to environmental changes.
DA  - 2005/10/01/
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01036.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 93
IS  - 5
SP  - 948
EP  - 957
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2745
ST  - Interactions among tree-line conifers
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01036.x/abstract
Y2  - 2014/06/14/06:32:20
KW  - Climate change
KW  - alpine tree line
KW  - browsing
KW  - competition
KW  - facilitation
KW  - fecundity
KW  - growth
KW  - recruitment
KW  - subalpine conifers
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The global warming versus re-oligotrophication controversy in lakes: Can effects on phytoplankton be disentangled?
AU  - Dokulil, Martin
AU  - Teubner, K.
T2  - Phycologia (Suppl.)
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
VL  - 44
SP  - 28
EP  - 29
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - AFLP markers reveal high clonal diversity and extreme longevity in four key arctic-alpine species
AU  - De Witte, Lucienne C.
AU  - Armbruster, Georg F. J.
AU  - Gielly, Ludovic
AU  - Taberlet, Pierre
AU  - Stöcklin, Jürg
T2  - Molecular Ecology
AB  - We investigated clonal diversity, genet size structure and genet longevity in populations of four arctic-alpine plants (Carex curvula, Dryas octopetala, Salix herbacea and Vaccinium uliginosum) to evaluate their persistence under past climatic oscillations and their potential resistance to future climate change. The size and number of genets were determined by an analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms and a standardized sampling design in several European arctic-alpine populations, where these species are dominant in the vegetation. Genet age was estimated by dividing the size by the annual horizontal size increment from in situ growth measurements. Clonal diversity was generally high but differed among species, and the frequency distribution of genet size was strongly left-skewed. The largest C. curvula genet had an estimated minimum age of c. 4100 years and a maximum age of c. 5000 years, although 84.8% of the genets in this species were <200 years old. The oldest genets of D. octopetala, S. herbacea and V. uliginosum were found to be at least 500, 450 and 1400 years old, respectively. These results indicate that individuals in the studied populations have survived pronounced climatic oscillations, including the Little Ice Age and the postindustrial warming. The presence of genets in all size classes and the dominance of presumably young individuals suggest repeated recruitment over time, a precondition for adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Together, persistence and continuous genet turnover may ensure maximum ecosystem resilience. Thus, our results indicate that long-lived clonal plants in arctic-alpine ecosystems can persist, despite considerable climatic change.
DA  - 2012/03/01/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05326.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
SP  - 1081
EP  - 1097
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-294X
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05326.x/abstract
Y2  - 2014/06/14/06:24:10
KW  - Climate change
KW  - genet size
KW  - maximum age
KW  - offspring recruitment
KW  - population persistence
KW  - spatial structure
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What is the future of the ecosystem services of the Alpine forest against a backdrop of climate change?
AU  - Courbaud, Benoît
AU  - Kunstler, Georges
AU  - Morin, Xavier
AU  - Cordonnier, Thomas
T2  - Journal of Alpine Research | Revue de géographie alpine
AB  - La forêt de montagne produit de nombreux services écosystémiques qui vont être affectés par les changements climatiques. On attend une remontée des essences en altitude qui pourrait conduire à une diminution des résineux et des espèces du subalpin. Ces changements d’essences pourraient avoir un impact négatif sur la biodiversité et sur la production de bois d’œuvre. On observe cependant également une augmentation de la productivité favorable à la production de bois énergie et au moins temporairement de bois d’œuvre, ainsi qu’au stockage de carbone. Face à une augmentation possible des évènements climatiques extrêmes, les changements de végétation pourront être marqués par des épisodes de dépérissements, très négatifs pour la filière économique, la protection contre les risques naturels et la biodiversité. Le changement climatique affectera la forêt également de manière indirecte en augmentant la demande en énergie renouvelable et en stockage de carbone. Les incertitudes sur les prédictions de changements de végétation sont élevées, ce qui rend délicate la définition de stratégies d’adaptation de la gestion forestière. Une gestion de crises efficace, un accompagnement des évolutions naturelles de la forêt basé sur une interaction recherche-gestion (gestion adaptative), et la prise en compte explicite de la notion d’incertitude paraissent des éléments essentiels au maintien des services écosystémiques fournis par la forêt.
DA  - 2010/12/20/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.4000/rga.1317
DP  - rga.revues.org
IS  - 98-4
LA  - en
SN  - 0035-1121
UR  - http://rga.revues.org/1317
Y2  - 2014/06/14/06:23:12
KW  - biodiversité
KW  - gestion forestière
KW  - production de bois
KW  - protection contre les aléas naturels
KW  - stockage de carbone
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change: potential impact on plant diseases
AU  - Chakraborty, S
AU  - Tiedemann, A. V
AU  - Teng, P. S
T2  - Environmental Pollution
AB  - Global climate has changed since pre-industrial times. Atmospheric CO2, a major greenhouse gas, has increased by nearly 30% and temperature has risen by 0.3 to 0.6°C. The intergovernmental panel on climate change predicts that with the current emission scenario, global mean temperature would rise between 0.9 and 3.5°C by the year 2100. There are, however, many uncertainties that influence these predictions. Despite the significance of weather on plant diseases, comprehensive analysis of how climate change will influence plant diseases that impact primary production in agricultural systems is presently unavailable. Evaluation of the limited literature in this area suggests that the most likely impact of climate change will be felt in three areas: in losses from plant diseases, in the efficacy of disease management strategies and in the geographical distribution of plant diseases. Climate change could have positive, negative or no impact on individual plant diseases. More research is needed to obtain base-line information on different disease systems. Most plant disease models use different climatic variables and operate at a different spatial and temporal scale than do the global climate models. Improvements in methodology are necessary to realistically assess disease impacts at a global scale.
DA  - 2000/06//
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00210-9
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 108
IS  - 3
SP  - 317
EP  - 326
J2  - Environmental Pollution
SN  - 0269-7491
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749199002109
Y2  - 2014/06/14/06:22:26
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Plant disease
KW  - Impact
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Der Maiswurzelbohrer (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) 2006 in Österreich – Ergebnisse aus Monitoring und Versuchstätigkeit. Österreichische Pflanzenschutztage, 29.-30.11.2006, Schloss Seggau/Leibnitz.
A2  - Cate, P.
A2  - Klapal, H.
A2  - Kahrer, A.
A2  - Wurm, O.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Große Fingerhirse (Digitaria sanguinalis) und Wilde Fingerhirse (Eleusine indica): Wachstum und Entwicklung im Jahre 2007 in Niederösterreich. Posterpräsentation bei den Österreichischen Pflanzenschutztagen, 28.-29.11.2007, Mautern a.d. Donau.
A2  - Burger, K.
A2  - Glauninger, J.
CY  - Mautern a.d. Donau
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - One century of vegetation change on Isla Persa, a nunatak in the Bernina massif in the Swiss Alps
AU  - Vittoz, Pascal
AU  - Bodin, Jeanne
AU  - Ungricht, Stefan
AU  - Burga, Conradin A.
AU  - Walther, Gian-Reto
T2  - Journal of Vegetation Science
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.3170/2008-8-18434
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
SP  - 671
EP  - 680
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3170/2008-8-18434/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:15:57
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Predicting species distribution and abundance responses to climate change: why it is essential to include biotic interactions across trophic levels
AU  - Van der Putten, Wim H.
AU  - Macel, Mirka
AU  - Visser, Marcel E.
T2  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
AB  - Current predictions on species responses to climate change strongly rely on projecting altered environmental conditions on species distributions. However, it is increasingly acknowledged that climate change also influences species interactions. We review and synthesize literature information on biotic interactions and use it to argue that the abundance of species and the direction of selection during climate change vary depending on how their trophic interactions become disrupted. Plant abundance can be controlled by aboveground and belowground multitrophic level interactions with herbivores, pathogens, symbionts and their enemies. We discuss how these interactions may alter during climate change and the resulting species range shifts. We suggest conceptual analogies between species responses to climate warming and exotic species introduced in new ranges. There are also important differences: the herbivores, pathogens and mutualistic symbionts of range-expanding species and their enemies may co-migrate, and the continuous gene flow under climate warming can make adaptation in the expansion zone of range expanders different from that of cross-continental exotic species. We conclude that under climate change, results of altered species interactions may vary, ranging from species becoming rare to disproportionately abundant. Taking these possibilities into account will provide a new perspective on predicting species distribution under climate change.
DA  - 2010/07/12/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1098/rstb.2010.0037
DP  - rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org
VL  - 365
IS  - 1549
SP  - 2025
EP  - 2034
LA  - en
SN  - 0962-8436, 1471-2970
ST  - Predicting species distribution and abundance responses to climate change
UR  - http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/365/1549/2025
Y2  - 2013/09/03/19:13:40
KW  - range shift
KW  - aboveground–belowground interactions
KW  - biological invasion
KW  - climate envelope
KW  - climate warming
KW  - predictive modelling
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The physico-chemical habitat template for periphyton in alpine glacial streams under a changing climate
AU  - Uehlinger, U.
AU  - Robinson, C. T.
AU  - Hieber, M.
AU  - Zah, R.
T2  - Hydrobiologia
AB  - The physico-chemical habitat template of glacial streams in the Alps is characterized by distinct and predictable changes between harsh and relatively benign periods. Spring and autumn were thought to be windows of favorable environmental conditions conducive for periphyton development. Periphyton biomass (measured as chlorophyll a and ash-free dry mass) was quantified in five glacial and three non-glacial streams over an annual cycle. One glacial stream was an outlet stream of a proglacial lake. In all glacial streams, seasonal patterns in periphyton were characterized by low biomass during summer high flow when high turbidity and transport of coarse sediment prevailed. With the end of icemelt in autumn, environmental conditions became more favorable and periphyton biomass increased. Biomass peaked between late September and January. In spring, low flow, low turbidity, and a lack of coarse sediment transport were not paralleled by an increase in periphyton biomass. In the non-glacial streams, seasonal periphyton patterns were similar to those of glacial streams, but biomass was significantly higher. Glacier recession from climate change may shift water sources in glacier streams and attenuate the glacial flow pulse. These changes could alter predicted periods of optimal periphyton development. The window of opportunity for periphyton accrual will shift earlier and extend into autumn in channels that retain surface flows.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1007/s10750-009-9963-x
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 657
IS  - 1
SP  - 107
EP  - 121
J2  - Hydrobiologia
LA  - en
SN  - 0018-8158, 1573-5117
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10750-009-9963-x
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:47:30
KW  - Alpine
KW  - Glacier
KW  - ecology
KW  - primary production
KW  - Zoology
KW  - Freshwater & Marine Ecology
KW  - Algae
KW  - Ecological windows
KW  - Flow regime
KW  - Stream
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Waldschutzsituation 2010 in Österreich
AU  - Tomiczek, Christian
AU  - Cech, T.L.
AU  - Fürst, A.
AU  - Hoyer-Tomiczek, U.
AU  - Krehan, H.
AU  - Perny, B.
AU  - Steyrer, G.
T2  - Forstschutz Aktuell
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 52
SP  - 3
EP  - 9
UR  - http://bfw.ac.at/400/pdf/fsaktuell_52_1.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/08/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Agroclimatic conditions in Europe under climate change
AU  - Trnka, Miroslav
AU  - Olesen, Jørgen Eivind
AU  - Kersebaum, Kurt Christian
AU  - Skjelvag, Arne Oddvar
AU  - Eitzinger, J.
AU  - Seguin, Bernard
AU  - Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo
AU  - Rötter, Reimond
AU  - Iglesias, Ana
AU  - Orlandini, Simone
AU  - Dubrovsky, M.
AU  - Hlavinka, P.
AU  - Balek, Jan
AU  - Eckersten, Henrik
AU  - Cloppet, Emmanuel
AU  - Calanca, Pierluigi
AU  - Gobin, A.
AU  - Vucetic, V.
AU  - Nejedlik, P.
AU  - Kumar, S.
AU  - Lalic, B.
AU  - Mestre, A.
AU  - Rossi, F.
AU  - Kozyr, J.
AU  - Alexandrov, V.
AU  - Semeradova, D.
AU  - Zalud, Z.
T2  - Global Change Biology
DA  - 2011a
PY  - 2011a
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02396.x
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 17
IS  - 7
SP  - 2298
EP  - 2318
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02396.x/full
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:20:43
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Expected changes in agroclimatic conditions in Central Europe
AU  - Trnka, Miroslav
AU  - Eitzinger, Josef
AU  - Semerádová, Daniela
AU  - Hlavinka, Petr
AU  - Balek, Jan
AU  - Dubrovský, Martin
AU  - Kubu, Gerhard
AU  - Štěpánek, Petr
AU  - Thaler, Sabina
AU  - Možný, Martin
AU  - Žalud, Zdeněk
T2  - Climatic Change
AB  - During the past few decades, the basic assumption of agroclimatic zoning, i.e., that agroclimatic conditions remain relatively stable, has been shattered by ongoing climate change. The first aim of this study was to develop a tool that would allow for effective analysis of various agroclimatic indicators and their dynamics under climate change conditions for a particular region. The results of this effort were summarized in the AgriClim software package, which provides users with a wide range of parameters essential for the evaluation of climate-related stress factors in agricultural crop production. The software was then tested over an area of 114,000 km2 in Central Europe. We have found that by 2020, the combination of increased air temperature and changes in the amount and distribution of precipitation will lead to a prolonged growing season and significant shifts in the agroclimatic zones in Central Europe; in particular, the areas that are currently most productive will be reduced and replaced by warmer but drier conditions in the same time the higher elevations will most likely experience improvement in their agroclimatic conditions. This positive effect might be short-lived, as by 2050, even these areas might experience much drier conditions than observed currently. Both the rate and the scale of the shift are amazing as by 2020 (assuming upper range of the climate change projections) only 20–38% of agriculture land in the evaluated region will remain in the same agroclimatic and by 2050 it might be less than 2%. On the other hand farmers will be able to take advantage of an earlier start to the growing season, at least in the lowland areas, as the proportion of days suitable for sowing increases. As all of these changes might occur within less than four decades, these issues could pose serious adaptation challenges for farmers and governmental policies. The presented results also suggest that the rate of change might be so rapid that the concept of static agroclimatic zoning itself might lose relevance due to perpetual change.
DA  - 2011b
PY  - 2011b
DO  - 10.1007/s10584-011-0025-9
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 108
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 261
EP  - 289
J2  - Climatic Change
LA  - en
SN  - 0165-0009, 1573-1480
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-011-0025-9
Y2  - 2013/09/07/18:42:23
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unexpected Response of High Alpine Lake Waters to Climate Warming
AU  - Thies, Hansjörg
AU  - Nickus, Ulrike
AU  - Mair, Volkmar
AU  - Tessadri, Richard
AU  - Tait, Danilo
AU  - Thaler, Bertha
AU  - Psenner, Roland
T2  - Environmental Science & Technology
AB  - Over the past two decades, we have observed a substantial rise in solute concentration at two remote high mountain lakes in catchments of metamorphic rocks in the European Alps. At Rasass See, the electrical conductivity increased 18-fold. Unexpectedly high nickel concentrations at Rasass See, which exceeded the limit in drinking water by more than 1 order of magnitude, cannot be related to catchment geology. We attribute these changes in lake water quality to solute release from the ice of an active rock glacier in the catchment as a response to climate warming. Similar processes occurred at the higher elevation lake Schwarzsee ob Sölden, where electrical conductivity has risen 3-fold during the past two decades.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1021/es0708060
DP  - ACS Publications
VL  - 41
IS  - 21
SP  - 7424
EP  - 7429
SN  - 0013-936X
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0708060
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:45:04
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Waldumbau: für eine zukunftsorientierte Waldwirtschaft
AU  - Von Teuffel, Konstantin
AU  - Baumgarten, Manuela
AU  - Hanewinkel, Marc
AU  - Konold, Werner
AU  - Sauter, Udo Hans
AU  - Spiecker, Heinrich
AU  - Wilpert, Klaus von
AB  - Das Buch untersucht die Auswirkungen von Änderungen der Waldbewirtschaftung, derzeit vorwiegend von nadelbaumdominierten Reinbeständen in strukturierte Mischwälder. Innerhalb einer nachhaltigen und naturnahen Waldwirtschaft wird dieser Prozess als ökologischer Waldumbau bezeichnet. Er wird aktuell von den öffentlichen Forstverwaltungen in Deutschland und Mitteleuropa forciert. Einleitend beschreiben die Autoren Ziele, Möglichkeiten und Erfordernisse des ökologischen Waldumbaus. Basierend auf wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen werden die mit dem Waldumbau einhergehenden Probleme und die zu erwartenden Folgen unter ökologischen, naturschutzfachlichen und betriebswirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten, verständlich für das Fachpublikum wie auch die Praxis, beleuchtet. Schwerpunkte sind dabei Effekte des Waldumbaus auf das Ökosystem Wald und benachbarte Ökosysteme, auf Stoffhaushalt, Artenzusammensetzung und Biodiversität, ebenso wie die ökonomischen Risiken, der Einfluss der Besitzverhältnisse und die Technikfolgen.
DA  - 2005/01/10/
PY  - 2005
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 432
LA  - de
PB  - Springer
SN  - 978-3-540-27247-2
ST  - Waldumbau
KW  - Science / Earth Sciences / Geology
KW  - Nature / Plants / Trees
KW  - Science / Life Sciences / Ecology
KW  - Technology & Engineering / Agriculture / Forestry
KW  - Business & Economics / Economics / General
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Can protected mountain areas serve as refuges for declining amphibians? Potential threats of climate change and amphibian chytridiomycosis in an alpine amphibian population
AU  - Sztatecsny, Marc
T2  - Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1553/ecomont2s19
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 1
SP  - 19
EP  - 24
SN  - 2073-106X, 2073-1558
ST  - Can protected mountain areas serve as refuges for declining amphibians?
UR  - http://www.austriaca.at/??arp=0x0022aa09
Y2  - 2013/09/03/19:06:52
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Perspektiven der Klimaveränderung bis 2050 für den Weinbau in Deutschland (Klima 2050).
AU  - Stock, M.
AU  - Badeck, F.
AU  - Gerstengarbe, F.W.
AU  - Hopmann, D.
AU  - Kartschall, T.
AU  - Österle, H.
AU  - Werner, P.C.
AU  - Wodinski, M.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
SP  - 132
M3  - PIK-Report
SN  - 106
UR  - http://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/publications/pikreports/.files/pr106.pdf
N1  - <p>ev fehlen noch Infos - Download funktioniert nicht.</p>
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Auswirkungen meteorologischer Extreme auf die Pflanzenproduktion in Österreich
AU  - Soja, G.
AU  - Eitzinger, J.
AU  - Schneider, W.
AU  - Soja, A. M.
T2  - 48. Jahrestagung des Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften
A2  - Kämpf, A.
A2  - Claupein, W.
A2  - Graeff, S.
A2  - Diepenbrock, W.
T3  - Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften
C1  - Wien
C3  - Wasser und Pflanzenbau - Herausforderungen für zukünftige Produktionssysteme
DA  - 2005/09/27/29
PY  - 2005
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 17
SP  - 229
EP  - 230
PB  - Verlag Günter Haimbach, Stuttgart
UR  - http://www.pflanzenbau.uni-kiel.de/de/publikationen/tagungsbeitraege/tagungsbeitraege-als-pdf/50-57
Y2  - 2013/11/08/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Using meteorological data to determine the risk of heat stress
AU  - Šleger, V.
AU  - Neuberger, P.
T2  - Res. Agr. Eng.
AB  - This paper first proposes a technique of computing air temperature and humidity in stables based on outdoor air parameters and biological production of animals. The computation technique is outlined. The calculated values are then used to assess the potential of evaporation cooling in mild climatic conditions. Graphs illustrate the assumed effect of evaporation cooling equipment inside a stable housing of egg laying hens. Used in the computation were hourly meteorological readings obtained during the period May to August in years 2000 to 2002, in the locality with a potential installation of a cooling system. Other Graphs illustrate the time the animals spent in an environment with a particular air temperature. For instance in June 2002, the time animals in the stable were exposed to temperatures 27°C or higher was reduced by using an air cooling system from 39 h to 22 h, and in July 2002 from 33 h to 4 h. The envisaged model can be modified for other kinds of gallinaceous poultry and pigs.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
SP  - 39
EP  - 47
LA  - English
UR  - http://www.agriculturejournals.cz/web/rae.htm?volume=52&type=volume#No.%202
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:07:58
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Increasing range mismatching of interacting species under global change is related to their ecological characteristics
AU  - Schweiger, Oliver
AU  - Heikkinen, Risto K.
AU  - Harpke, Alexander
AU  - Hickler, Thomas
AU  - Klotz, Stefan
AU  - Kudrna, Otakar
AU  - Kühn, Ingolf
AU  - Pöyry, Juha
AU  - Settele, Josef
T2  - Global Ecology and Biogeography
AB  - Aim We investigate the importance of interacting species for current and potential future species distributions, the influence of their ecological characteristics on projected range shifts when considering or ignoring interacting species, and the consistency of observed relationships across different global change scenarios.Location Europe.Methods We developed ecological niche models (generalized linear models) for 36 European butterfly species and their larval host plants based on climate and land-use data. We projected future distributional changes using three integrated global change scenarios for 2080. Observed and projected mismatches in potential butterfly niche space and the niche space of their hosts were first used to assess changing range limitations due to interacting species and then to investigate the importance of different ecological characteristics.Results Most butterfly species were primarily limited by climate. Species dwelling in warm areas of Europe and tolerant to large variations in moisture conditions were projected to suffer less from global change. However, a gradient from climate to host plant control was apparent, reflecting the range size of the hosts. Future projections indicated increased mismatching of already host-plant-limited butterflies and their hosts. Butterflies that utilize plants with restricted ranges were projected to suffer most from global change. The directions of these relationships were consistent across the scenarios but the level of spatial mismatching of butterflies and their host plants increased with the severity of the scenario.Main conclusions Future changes in the co-occurrence of interacting species will depend on political and socio-economic development, suggesting that the composition of novel communities due to global change will depend on the way we create our future. A better knowledge of ecological species characteristics can be utilized to project the future fate and potential risk of extinction of interacting species leading to a better understanding of the consequences of changing biotic interactions. This will further enhance our abilities to assess and mitigate potential negative effects on ecosystem functions and services.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00607.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 88
EP  - 99
LA  - en
SN  - 1466-8238
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00607.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:59:36
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Europe
KW  - species distribution model
KW  - climate envelope
KW  - host-plant-constrained range
KW  - species interaction
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Der Einfluss klimatischer Veränderungen auf die phänologische Entwicklung der Rebe, die Sorteneignung sowie Mostgewicht und Säurestruktur der Trauben.
AU  - Schultz, H. R.
AU  - Hoppmann, D.
AU  - Hofmann, M.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DP  - Google Scholar
M3  - Beitrag zum Integrierteen Klimaschutzprogramm des Landes Hessen (InKlim 2012) des Fachgebiets Weinbau der Forschungsanstalt Geisenheim
UR  - http://klimawandel.hlug.de/fileadmin/dokumente/klima/inklim/endberichte/weinbau.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/08/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Preferential feeding on high quality diets decreases methyl mercury of farm-raised common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
AU  - Schultz, Sebastian
AU  - Vallant, Birgit
AU  - Kainz, Martin J.
T2  - Aquaculture
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 338-341
SP  - 105
EP  - 110
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0044848612000075
Y2  - 2013/09/04/13:02:22
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Beurteilung der Auswirkungen möglicher Klimaänderungen auf die Fischfauna anhand ausgewählter Fließgewässer
AU  - Schmutz, S.
AU  - Matulla, C.
AU  - Melcher, A.
AU  - Gerersdorfer, T.
AU  - Haas, P.
AU  - Formayer, H.
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
SP  - 50
M3  - Endbericht im Auftrag des Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft, Abt. V/4, Immissions- und Klimaschutz
PB  - Institut für Hydrobiologie und Gewässermanagement (IHG), Institut für Meteorologie (BOKU Met)
SN  - GZ 54 3895/163‐V/4/03
UR  - http://www.boku.ac.at/imp/klima/Literatur/FishClim_Endbericht.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Ammonia-oxidising archaea-physiology, ecology and evolution
AU  - Schleper, C. Nicol
T2  - Advances in Microbial Physiology
A2  - Poole, R.
AB  - Advances in Microbial Physiology is one of the most successful and prestigious series from Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier. It publishes topical and important reviews, interpreting physiology to include all material that contributes to our understanding of how microorganisms and their component parts work. First published in 1967, it is now in its 55th volume. The Editors have always striven to interpret microbial physiology in the broadest context and have never restricted the contents to “traditional? views of whole cell physiology. Now edited by Professor Robert Poole, University of Sheffield, Advances in Microbial Physiology continues to be an influential and very well reviewed series.* 2007 impact factor of 4.9, placing it 13th in the highly competitive category of microbiology* Contributions by leading international scientists* The latest research in microbial physiology
DA  - 2010/12/07/
PY  - 2010
DP  - Google Books
VL  - 57
SP  - 1
EP  - 41
LA  - en
PB  - Academic Press
SN  - 978-0-12-381046-5
UR  - http://store.elsevier.com/Advances-in-Microbial-Physiology/isbn-9780123810465/
KW  - Science / Life Sciences / Biochemistry
KW  - Science / Life Sciences / Microbiology
KW  - Science / Life Sciences / Molecular Biology
ER  - 

TY  - THES
TI  - Räumliche Modelle zur Vegetations- und Ertragsdynamik im Wirtschaftsgrünland
AU  - Schaumberger, A.
CY  - Graz
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
SP  - 264
M3  - Dissertation
PB  - Technische Universität Graz, Institut für Geoinformation
UR  - https://online.tugraz.at/tug_online/wbAbs.showThesis?pThesisNr=40379&pOrgNr=13067
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ecophysiological aspects of macroalgal seasonality in a gravel stream in the Alps (River Isar, Austria)
AU  - Rott, E.
AU  - Walser, L.
AU  - Kegele, M.
T2  - Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie Verhandlungen
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
SP  - 1622
EP  - 1625
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Auswirkungen und Strategien für Landwirtschaft und Umwelt–aus der Sicht des Erosionsschutzes
AU  - Rippel, R.
T2  - Klimaänderungen und Landwirtschaft - Bestandsaufnahme und Handlungsstrategien für Bayern
T3  - Schriftenreihe der Bayrischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL). 13/2007
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 13
SN  - 1611-4159
UR  - http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/578091690.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Biologie der Pflanzen
AU  - Raven, Peter Hamilton
AU  - Evert, Ray Franklin
AU  - Eichhorn, Susan E.
CY  - Berlin, Deutschland, New York, USA
DA  - 2000/01/01/
PY  - 2000
DP  - Google Books
ET  - 3.
SP  - 1032
LA  - de
PB  - Walter de Gruyter
SN  - 978-3-11-015462-7
KW  - Science / Life Sciences / Biology
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Auswirkungen des rezenten Klimawandels auf die Fauna in Deutschland.
AU  - Rabitsch, Wolfgang
AU  - Winter, Marten
AU  - Kühn, Elisabeth
AU  - Kühn, Ingolf
AU  - Götzl, Martin
AU  - Essl, Franz
AU  - Gruttke, Horst
T2  - Natschutz und Biologische Vielfalt
CY  - Bonn-Bad Godesberg
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 98
SP  - 265
PB  - Bundesamt für Naturschutz
UR  - http://www.bfn.de/0304_klimawandel-fauna-pdm.html
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Endemiten: Kostbarkeiten in Österreichs Pflanzen- und Tierwelt
AU  - Rabitsch, Wolfgang
AU  - Essl, F.
CY  - Klagenfurt
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Open WorldCat
SP  - 924
LA  - German
PB  - Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein für Kärnten & Umweltbundesamt
SN  - 978-3-85328-049-2 3-85328-049-8
ST  - Endemiten
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The Times They Are A-Changin': Driving forces of recent additions to the Heteroptera fauna of Austria
AU  - Rabitsch, W.
T2  - Advances in Heteroptera research: Festschrift in honor of 80th anniversary of Michail Josifov
A2  - Grozeva, S
A2  - Simov, N
T3  - Faunistica
CY  - Sofia; Moscow
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Open WorldCat
SP  - 309
EP  - 326
LA  - Table of contents and front matter also in Bulgarian.
PB  - Pensoft Publishers
SN  - 978-954-642-311-5 954-642-311-4
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Insekten-Neozoen in Österreich und Auswirkungen des Klimawandels
AU  - Rabitsch, W.
T2  - Aliens: Neobiota und Klimawandel - eine verhängnisvolle Affäre?
A2  - Rabitsch, Wolfgang
A2  - Essl, Franz
CY  - Weitra, Österreich
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Open WorldCat
SP  - 93
EP  - 103
LA  - German
PB  - Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz
SN  - 978-3-900000-81-3 3-900000-81-6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wachstumstrends der Fichte in Bayern
AU  - Pretzsch, U.
AU  - Utschig, H.
T2  - Mitteilungen aus der Bayerischen Staatsforstverwaltung
A2  - Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Landwirtschaft
A2  - und Forsten
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
VL  - 49
SP  - 170
SN  - 1616-511X
UR  - http://www.ihb.de/fordaq/news/ihb/_5318.html
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Modellierung der Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Flora und Vegetation in Deutschland
AU  - Pompe, Sven
AU  - Berger, Silje
AU  - Bergmann, Jessica
AU  - Badeck, Franz
AU  - Lübbert, Jana
AU  - Klotz, Stefan
AU  - Rehse, Ann-Kathrin
AU  - Söhlke, Gunnar
AU  - Sattler, Sabrina
AU  - Walther, Gian-Reto
AU  - Kühn, Ingolg
T2  - BfN-Skripten
CY  - Bonn
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 193
PB  - Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN)
SN  - 304
UR  - http://biologische-vielfalt.de/fileadmin/MDB/documents/service/skript304.pdf
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:00:21
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Differences in spawning date between populations of common frog reveal local adaptation
AU  - Phillimore, Albert B.
AU  - Hadfield, Jarrod D.
AU  - Jones, Owen R.
AU  - Smithers, Richard J.
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
A2  - Wake, David B.
AB  - Phenotypic differences between populations often correlate with climate variables, resulting from a combination of environment-induced plasticity and local adaptation. Species comprising populations that are genetically adapted to local climatic conditions should be more vulnerable to climate change than those comprising phenotypically plastic populations. Assessment of local adaptation generally requires logistically challenging experiments. Here, using a unique approach and a large dataset (>50,000 observations from across Britain), we compare the covariation in temperature and first spawning dates of the common frog (Rana temporaria) across space with that across time. We show that although all populations exhibit a plastic response to temperature, spawning earlier in warmer years, between-population differences in first spawning dates are dominated by local adaptation. Given climate change projections for Britain in 2050–2070, we project that for populations to remain as locally adapted as contemporary populations will require first spawning date to advance by ∼21–39 days but that plasticity alone will only enable an advance of ∼5–9 days. Populations may thus face a microevolutionary and gene flow challenge to advance first spawning date by a further ∼16–30 days over the next 50 years.
DA  - 2010/05/04/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.0913792107
DP  - www.pnas.org
VL  - 107
IS  - 18
SP  - 8292
EP  - 8297
LA  - en
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/107/18/8292
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:26:27
KW  - Climate change
KW  - phenology
KW  - ecogeographic
KW  - plasticity
KW  - quantitative genetics
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Comparative Analysis of Soil Fauna Populations and Their Role in Decomposition Processes
AU  - Petersen, Henning
AU  - Luxton, Malcolm
T2  - Oikos
DA  - 1982/12//
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.2307/3544689
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 39
IS  - 3
SP  - 287
EP  - 388
SN  - 00301299
UR  - http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3544689?uid=3737528&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21102607349773
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:09:19
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Schneehöhe und Lawinengefahr einst und im Jahre Schnee?
AU  - Perzl, Frank
AU  - Kammerlander, Johannes
T2  - BFW Praxisinformation
AB  - Dass der Klimawandel in den Alpen einen signifikanten Einfluss hat, lässt sich alleine an Hand der Katastrophenereignisse der vergangenen zehn Jahre zeigen. Dabei ist es zweitrangig, zu welchem Anteil die monetären Auswirkungen tatsächlich auf den Klimawandel selbst oder auf sozio-ökonomische Änderungen zurückzuführen sind. Die erhöhte Schadensanfälligkeit und Sensitivität der Gesellschaft im Alpenraum stellt in Verbindung mit der steigenden Unsicherheit eine wissenschaftliche und steuerungstechnische Herausforderung dar. Das BFW ist in zweifacher Weise gefordert: Einerseits steht die Naturgefahrenforschung in ihrer gesamten Breite - Monitoring von Gefahrenprozessen, Prozessforschung und Entwicklung sowie Optimierung von Schutzmaßnahmen und Schutzstrategien - verstärkt im Blickpunkt der Öffentlichkeit, die konkrete Fragen stellt und Lösungskompetenz erwartet.Andererseits gewinnt die integrale Betrachtung von Wald und Naturgefahren als Grundlage für eine nachhaltig effiziente Steuerung wieder verstärkt an Bedeutung. Anhand einiger Beispiele möchten wir Ihnen mit der vorliegenden BFW-Praxisinformation zeigen, welche Themen das BFW aktuell im Bereich Klimawandel und Naturgefahren bearbeitet. Neben einigen grundlegenden Arbeiten, wie etwa der Änderung der Schneehöhen, den Permafrostböden (Gastbeitrag der Universität Salzburg) oder der Untersuchung der generellen Umgestaltung von Planungsgrundlagen, werden in den Projekten konkrete Fragen wie die Auswirkung des Klimawandels auf Infrastruktureinrichtungen und Energieversorgungsunternehmen bearbeitet. Der Bericht zeigt aber auch deutlich die Entwicklung des BFW seit der Ausgliederung: Der überwiegende Anteil der aktuellen Forschungsprojekte wird über nationale und internationale Förderungen und Kooperationen abgewickelt. Dadurch ergeben sich neue Chancen und eine volkswirtschaftlich effizientere Ressourcenausnutzung.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
VL  - 23
SP  - 8
EP  - 10
SN  - 1815-3895
UR  - http://bfw.ac.at/030/pdf/1818_pi23.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/07/
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Global warming and cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms
AU  - Paul, Valerie J.
T2  - Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms: State of the Science and Research Needs
A2  - Hudnell, H. Kenneth
T3  - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
CY  - New York
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 619
SP  - 239
EP  - 257
PB  - Springer
SN  - 978-0-387-75864-0 978-0-387-75865-7
UR  - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-75865-7_11
Y2  - 2013/09/03/12:40:23
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Muster der Artenvielfalt der Farn-und Blütenpflanzen in Österreich
AU  - Niklfeld, Harald
AU  - Schratt-Ehrendorfer, Luise
AU  - Englisch, Thorsten
T2  - Biodiversität in Österreich: Räumliche Muster und Indikatoren der Arten- und Lebensraumvielfalt
A2  - Sauberer, Norbert
A2  - Moser, Dietmar
A2  - Grabherr, Georg
CY  - Bern
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 20
SP  - 87
EP  - 102
PB  - Haupt Verlag
SN  - 978-3-258-07359-0
UR  - http://books.google.at/books?hl=de&lr=&id=B4ER7hVWNisC&oi=fnd&pg=PA87&dq=Muster+der+Artenvielfalt+der+Farn-+und+Bl%C3%BCtenpflanzen+in+%C3%96sterreich&ots=PKeFJUDF_x&sig=FdmnLfxHePE8rBj-zoFZJWu6KfU
Y2  - 2013/09/03/14:59:01
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Organic agriculture and food supply stability. Ecological and environmental stability of the food supply
AU  - Niggli, U.
AU  - Earley, J.
AU  - Ogorzalek, K.
C1  - FAO, Rome
C3  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Organic Agriculture and Food Security
DA  - 2007/05/03/5
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Scholar
UR  - ftp://ftp.fao.org/paia/organicag/ofs/Niggli.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/06/
N1  - <p>Vortrag oder Konferenzpapier? Url/PDF angefordert</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Moore im Klimawandel. Studie des WWF Österreich, der Österreichischen Bundesforste und des Umweltbundesamtes.
AU  - Niedermair, M.
AU  - Platterer, G.
AU  - Egger, G.
AU  - Essl, F.
AU  - Kohler, B.
AU  - Zika, M.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
SP  - 22
LA  - Deutsch
UR  - http://www.oebf.at/uploads/tx_pdforder/Studie_Moore_im_Klimawandel_2010.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/06/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Klimawandel und Artenvielfalt - Wie klimafit sind Österreichs Wälder, Flüsse und Alpenlandschaften?
AU  - Niedermair, M.
AU  - Lexer, M. J.
AU  - Plattner, G.
AU  - Formayer, H.
AU  - Seidl, R.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 26
LA  - Deutsch
PB  - Österreichischen Bundesforste AG, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, WWF
UR  - http://www.bundesforste.at/index.php?id=404
Y2  - 2013/11/06/
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Soil organic matter dynamics
AU  - Nieder, Rolf
AU  - Benbi, Dinesh K.
AU  - Isermann, K.
T2  - Handbook of processes and modeling in the soil-plant system
A2  - Benbi, Dinesh K.
A2  - Nieder, Rolf
CN  - S596.7 .H36 2003
CY  - New York
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
SP  - 345
EP  - 408
LA  - English
PB  - Haworth Reference Press
SN  - 1-56022-914-4
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Plant-soil relationships
KW  - Soil chemistry
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Zur Ausbreitung humanmedizinisch bedeutsamer Dornfinger-Arten Cheiracanthium mildei und C. punctorium in Sachsen und Brandenburg (Araneae: Miturgidae)
AU  - Muster, Christoph
AU  - Herrmann, Andreas
AU  - Otto, Stefan
AU  - Bernhard, Detlef
T2  - Arachnologische Mitteilungen
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.5431/aramit3502
DP  - www.bibsonomy.org
VL  - 35
IS  - 1/2008
SP  - 13
EP  - 20
UR  - http://arages.de/aramit/aramittresult.php
Y2  - 2013/09/03/18:17:38
KW  - Cheiracanthium
KW  - Leipzig
KW  - myown
KW  - spider
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Vegetation Dynamics at the Treeline Ecotone in the Ural Highlands, Russia
AU  - Moiseev, P. A.
AU  - Shiyatov, S. G.
T2  - Alpine biodiversity in Europe
A2  - Nagy, L.
A2  - Grabherr, Georg
A2  - Körner, C.
A2  - Thompson, Desmond B.A.
T3  - Ecological Studies
CY  - Berlin
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 167
SP  - 423
EP  - 435
PB  - Springer
SN  - 978-3-642-18967-8
UR  - http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/ecology/book/978-3-540-00108-9
Y2  - 2013/09/04/11:59:33
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Österreichs Wald im Treibhaus: Nicht heimische Bäume als Lösung?
AU  - Maroschek, Michael Georg
AU  - Lexer, Manfred
T2  - Aliens: Neobiota und Klimawandel - eine verhängnisvolle Affäre?
A2  - Rabitsch, W.
A2  - Essl, F.
CY  - Weitra, Österreich
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Open WorldCat
SP  - 105
EP  - 113
LA  - German
PB  - Bibliothek der Provinz
SN  - 978-3-900000-81-3 3-900000-81-6
ER  - 

TY  - THES
TI  - How vulnerable is the protective function of Austria’s mountain forests under climate change? A qualitative vulnerability assessment for protective forests in three selected regions.
AU  - Maroschek, Michael Georg
AB  - During the last decades the increase in temperature in the European Alps was about twice as high as the global average. This pattern is recurrent in climate change scenarios for the 21st century. The expected climatic changes may affect mountain forests at a broad range including the provision of forest goods and services. Here the focus is on the protective function against natural hazards. A scheme for a regional vulnerability assessment is developed and demonstrated by means of three case studies from Austria. Based on existing assessment schemes the sensitivity of forest ecosystems and hazardous processes to climate changes was inferred from current state and expected response regarding exposure to climate change. Blending ecosystem and hazard sensitivity yields potential impacts on the protective functions against flooding, debris flow, landslide, rock fall and snow avalanches. Regional adaptive capacity was estimated from a set of indicators reflecting forest infrastructure, administrative and organizational aspects. Vulnerability in three categories resulted from the combination of potential impacts and adaptive capacity. The assessment is based on a literature review, readily available regional forest inventory data and expert knowledge. For the analysis of the case studies the A1B climate change scenario from REMO-UBA was used. In the assessment two time periods were distinguished (2021-2050, 2071-2100). The selected case studies showed different vulnerabilities with regard to temporal development as well as to the magnitude of potential impacts. The results of the literature review revealed knowledge gaps with respect to climate change effects on forest regeneration and biotic disturbances, hazardous processes and extreme climate events. The application of the vulnerability assessment scheme is demonstrated successfully. However, due to the encountered knowledge gaps the results are subject to uncertainty.
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
SP  - 167
LA  - English
M3  - Diplomarbeit
PB  - Institut für Waldbau, Universität für Bodenkultur
UR  - http://www.cipra.org/en/publications/4848
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The effects of climatic and land-use changes on insect vectors of human disease
AU  - Lines, J.
T2  - Insects in a changing environment
A2  - Harrington, Richard
A2  - Stork, N.E.
CY  - London
DA  - 1995///
PY  - 1995
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 158
EP  - 175
PB  - Academic Press
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The sensitivity of Austrian forests to scenarios of climatic change: a large-scale risk assessment based on a modified gap model and forest inventory data
AU  - Lexer, M. J.
AU  - Hönninger, K.
AU  - Scheifinger, H.
AU  - Matulla, Ch.
AU  - Groll, N.
AU  - Kromp-Kolb, H.
AU  - Schadauer, K.
AU  - Starlinger, F.
AU  - Englisch, M.
T2  - Forest Ecology and Management
T3  - National and Regional Climate Change Impact Assessments in the Forestry Sector
AB  - In a spatially explicit climate change impact assessment the modified patch model PICUS v1.2 was applied to simulate the transient response of current forests in Austria under three climate change scenarios which were based on regionalized GCM-scenario data. The forest model was initialized with ground-true stand and soil data from more than 2800 sample plots of the Austrian Forest Inventory (AFI). A comparison of simulated equilibrium species composition under current climate and expert reconstructions of PNV at the sample plots of AFI showed that the model responded realistically to the spatial variability of soil and climate characteristics. In deriving potential climate change impacts the simulation under current climate was used as a reference. Impact criteria representing the period 2000–2050 and long-term criteria derived from simulated site-specific potential natural vegetation (PNV) were used in a multiple-criteria approach to calculate short-/mid-term as well as long-term climate change impact indices. The study showed that neither transient short-/mid-term nor long-term PNV-based indices alone are sufficient to indicate the possible consequences of climate change on existing forests. Based on the results of the study the combined use of such climate change impact indices is recommended. A major finding was that beyond a temperature increase of approximately +1 °C (no changes in precipitation) the proportion of inventory plots showing severe climate change impacts increased markedly. While at higher elevations under warmer climates the set of suitable tree species increased due to increased competitivity of broadleaved species, the study suggests that under the set of analysed climate change scenarios at low-elevation sites Picea abies would become unsuitable as a crop species. Limitations of the presented approach are discussed and conclusions regarding possible consequences for forest management are drawn.
DA  - 2002/06/01/
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00050-6
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 162
IS  - 1
SP  - 53
EP  - 72
J2  - Forest Ecology and Management
SN  - 0378-1127
ST  - The sensitivity of Austrian forests to scenarios of climatic change
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112702000506
Y2  - 2014/06/20/09:13:39
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - Forest inventory
KW  - Patch model
KW  - Potential natural vegetation
KW  - Transient response
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Simulation der potentiellen natürlichen Vegetation für Österreichs Wälder: Vergleich von statischen und dynamischen Modellkonzepten
AU  - Lexer, Manfred J.
T2  - Forstliche Schriftenreihe
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 16
SP  - 166
PB  - Österreichische Gesellschaft für Waldökosystemforschung und experimentelle Baumforschung-Universität für Bodenkultur
SN  - 3-900865-15-9
UR  - http://www.wabo.boku.ac.at/ife/publikationen/forstliche-schriftenreihe/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The role of competition in the Holocene migration of some European tree species
AU  - Lehsten, D.
AU  - Dullinger, S.
AU  - Hülber, K.
AU  - Schurgers, G.
AU  - Cheddadi, R.
AU  - Laborde, H.
AU  - Lehsten, V.
AU  - François, L.
AU  - Dury, M.
AU  - Sykes, M.T.
T2  - Global Ecology and Biogeography
DA  - in revision
PY  - in revision
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Lebensweise der Alpenrosen in ihrer Umwelt: 70 Jahre ökophysiologische Forschung in Innsbruck
AU  - Larcher, Walter
AU  - Wagner, Johanna
CY  - Innsbruck
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 251
EP  - 291
PB  - Ber. nat.-med. Verein Innsbruck
SN  - 91
ST  - Lebensweise der Alpenrosen in ihrer Umwelt
UR  - http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/BERI_91_0251-0291.pdf
Y2  - 2013/09/03/14:57:21
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Thresholds in the life cycle of the spruce bark beetle under climate change
AU  - Lange, H.
AU  - Økland, Bjørn
AU  - Krokene, P.
T2  - Interjournal for Complex Systems
DA  - 2006/06/25/
PY  - 2006
UR  - http://www.skogoglandskap.no/en/pubs/SF_3905_3441/publication_view
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Auswirkungen von Klimaänderungen auf die Tierwelt – derzeitiger Wissensstand, fokussiert auf den Alpenraum und Österreich
AU  - Kromp-Kolb, Helga
AU  - Gerersdorfer, Thomas
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
M3  - Endbericht. Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft
PB  - Institut für Meteorologie und Physik, Universität für Bodenkultur
SN  - Projekt GZ 54 3895/171-V/4/02
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Auswirkungen und Strategien für Landwirtschaft und Umwelt - aus der Sicht der Bodenbearbeitung
AU  - Kreitmayr, J.
AU  - Mayr, K.
T2  - 6. Kulturlandschaftstag
A2  - LfL
T3  - Schriftenreihe der Bayerischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft
C1  - Freising-Weihenstephan.  LfL, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft
C3  - Klimaänderung und Landwirtschaft: Bestandsaufnahme und Handlungsstrategien für Bayern; Tagungsband
DA  - 2007/11/19/
PY  - 2007
VL  - 13
SP  - 71
EP  - 87
PB  - Freising-Weihenstephan: LfL
SN  - ISSN 1611-4159
UR  - http://www.lfl.bayern.de/mam/cms07/publikationen/daten/schriftenreihe/p_28555.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Auswirkungen und Strategien für Landwirtschaft und Umwelt – aus der Sicht der Agrarfauna
AU  - Kreuter, Thomas
T2  - 6. Kulturlandschaftstag
A2  - LfL
T3  - Schriftenreihe der Bayerischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft
C1  - Freising-Weihenstephan.  LfL, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft
C3  - Klimaänderung und Landwirtschaft: Bestandsaufnahme und Handlungsstrategien für Bayern; Tagungsband
DA  - 2007/11/19/
PY  - 2007
VL  - 13
SP  - 71
EP  - 87
PB  - Freising-Weihenstephan: LfL
SN  - ISSN 1611-4159
UR  - http://www.lfl.bayern.de/mam/cms07/publikationen/daten/schriftenreihe/p_28555.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Pine decline in Austria
AU  - Krehan, H.
AU  - Cech, T.L.
T2  - Disease/environment Interactions in Forest Decline: Proceedings of a Workshop of the Working Party, Disease/Environment Interactions in Forest Decline, IUFRO 7.02.06: Vienna, Austria, March 16-21, 1998
A2  - Cech, Thomas L.
A2  - Hartmann, Günther
A2  - Tomiczek, Christian
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 83
EP  - 93
LA  - en
PB  - Federal Forest Research Centre
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA: A Model for Molecular Microbial Ecology
AU  - Kowalchuk, George A.
AU  - Stephen, John R.
T2  - Annual Review of Microbiology
AB  - The eutrophication of many ecosystems in recent decades has led to an increased interest in the ecology of nitrogen transformation. Chemolitho-autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are responsible for the rate-limiting step of nitrification in a wide variety of environments, making them important in the global cycling of nitrogen. These organisms are unique in their ability to use the conversion of ammonia to nitrite as their sole energy source. Because of the importance of this functional group of bacteria, understanding of their ecology and physiology has become a subject of intense research over recent years. The monophyletic nature of these bacteria in terrestrial environments has facilitated molecular biological approaches in studying their ecology, and progress in this field has been rapid. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the β-subclass Proteobacteria have become somewhat of a model system within molecular microbial ecology, and this chapter reviews recent progress in our knowledge of their distribution, diversity, and ecology.
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.485
DP  - Annual Reviews
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
SP  - 485
EP  - 529
UR  - http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.485
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:07:18
KW  - nitrification
KW  - ammonia oxidation
KW  - Nitrosomonas
KW  - Nitrosospira
KW  - β-subclass Proteobacteria
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Mountain systems
AU  - Körner, Christian
AU  - Ohsawa, Masahiko
T2  - Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends, Volume 1
A2  - Hassan, Rashid
A2  - Scholes, Robert
A2  - Ash, Neville
T3  - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
CY  - Washington, Covelo, London
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 681
EP  - 716
PB  - Island Press
SN  - 1-55963-227-5
UR  - http://www.unep.org/maweb/en/condition.aspx
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Checkliste der Moose Österreichs
AU  - Köckinger, H.
AU  - Schröck, C.
AU  - Krisai, R.
AU  - Zechmeister, H.G.
AB  - Dies ist die erste umfassende Zusammenstellung der in Österreich vorkommenden Moose. Die Liste beinhaltet alle Arten die bisher in Österreich gefunden wurden, und deren korrekte Bestimmung überprüft wurde. Die Liste enthält 1102 Taxa – 4 Hornmoose, 264 Lebermoose und 848 Laubmoose, gegliedert in 1065 Arten, 18 Unterarten und 77 Varietäten. Einige Arten werden erstmals für Österreich genannt.
Die Veröffentlichung dieser Liste im Netz wurde vom Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft unterstützt, und im Rahmen der GSPC (Global Strategy for Plant Conservation) durchgeführt.

Die Liste wird laufend aktualisiert.

Kontakt: harald.zechmeister@univie.ac.at
DA  - 2012a
PY  - 2012a
UR  - http://131.130.59.133/projekte/moose/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Barbula consanguinea Discovered in Switzerland and Austria, with a Revision of Former European Records of B. indica
AU  - Köckinger, Heribert
AU  - Kučera, Jan
AU  - Hofmann, Heike
AU  - Müller, Niklaus
AU  - Amann, Georg
T2  - Herzogia
DA  - 2012b
PY  - 2012b
DO  - 10.13158/heia.25.1.2010.61
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
SP  - 61
EP  - 70
LA  - en
SN  - 0018-0971
UR  - http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.13158/heia.25.1.2010.61
Y2  - 2014/06/14/09:55:07
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Review of Literature on Climate Change and Forest Diseases of Western North America
AU  - Kliejunas, John T.
AU  - Geils, Brian W.
AU  - Glaeser, Jessie Micales
AU  - Goheen, Ellen Michaels
AU  - Hennon, Paul
AU  - Kim, Mee-Sook
AU  - Kope, Harry
AU  - Stone, Jeff
AU  - Sturrock, Rona
AU  - Frankel, Susan J.
A2  - USDA
CY  - Albany CA, USA
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Google Books
LA  - en
M3  - General Technical Report
PB  - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
SN  - PSW-GTR-225
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Niedliche Tierchen als ökologischer Zündstoff: Über faunenfremde Schildkröten in Österreich
AU  - Kleewein, Andreas
AU  - Wöss, Günther
T2  - Aliens: Neobiota und Klimawandel - eine verhängnisvolle Affäre?
A2  - Rabitsch, Wolfgang
A2  - Essl, Franz
CY  - Weitra
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Open WorldCat
SP  - 105
EP  - 111
LA  - German
PB  - Bibliothek der Provinz
SN  - 978-3-900000-81-3
UR  - http://www.bibliothekderprovinz.at/buecher.php?id=1221&session=
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Alien pathogens of forest trees in Austria.
AU  - Kirisits, T.
AU  - Cech, Thomas L.
A2  - Diez, J.J.
A2  - Martinez-Álvarez, P.
A2  - Romeralo, C.
C1  - Montesclaros, Cantabria, Spain
C3  - Global change and forest diseases: new threats, new strategies. Proceedings of the meeting of IUFRO working party 7.02.02.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 4 (9)
SP  - 227
EP  - 229
PB  - Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development
UR  - http://www.iufro2011.com/
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Eingeschleppte Krankheitserreger an Waldbäumen und Klimawandel
AU  - Kirisits, T.
T2  - Aliens: Neobiota und Klimawandel - eine verhängnisvolle Affäre?
A2  - Rabitsch, Wolfgang
A2  - Essl, Franz
CY  - Weitra, Österreich
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Open WorldCat
SP  - 59
EP  - 69
LA  - German
PB  - Verlag Publication PN°1 - Bibliothek der Provinz
SN  - 978-3-900000-81-3 3-900000-81-6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Testing different CO2 response algorithms against a face crop rotation experiment and application for climate change impact assessment at different sites in Germany
AU  - Kersebaum, K. C.
AU  - Nendel, C.
AU  - Mirschel, W.
AU  - Manderscheid, R.
AU  - H. J. Weigel
AU  - Wenkel, K. O.
T2  - Quarterly Journal of the Hungarian Meteorological Service (Idöjárás)
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 113
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 79
EP  - 88
UR  - http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228738910_Testing_different_CO2_response_algorithms_against_a_face_crop_rotation_experiment_and_application_for_climate_change_impact_assessment_at_different_sites_in_/file/32bfe50d1d1a38f44b.pdf
Y2  - 2013/09/03/11:51:45
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Grundlegende Wirkungsmechanismen im System Boden-Pflanze-Tier-Atmosphäre
AU  - Kersebaum, K.C.
AU  - Eitzinger, J.
T2  - Landwirtschaft im Klimawandel: Auswirkungen und Anpassungsstrategien für die Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Mitteleuropa
A2  - Eitzinger, Josef
A2  - Kersebaum, K.C.
A2  - Formayer, H.
CN  - S600.64.E865 E38 2009
CY  - Clenze, Deutschland
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
PB  - Agrimedia
SN  - 978-3-86037-378-1
UR  - http://www.erling-verlag.com/agrimedia/
KW  - Economic aspects
KW  - climate
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Crops and climate
KW  - Europe, Central
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Warming-induced shift in European mushroom fruiting phenology
AU  - Kauserud, Håvard
AU  - Heegaard, Einar
AU  - Büntgen, Ulf
AU  - Halvorsen, Rune
AU  - Egli, Simon
AU  - Senn-Irlet, Beatrice
AU  - Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard
AU  - Dämon, Wolfgang
AU  - Sparks, Tim
AU  - Nordén, Jenni
AU  - Høiland, Klaus
AU  - Kirk, Paul
AU  - Semenov, Mikhail
AU  - Boddy, Lynne
AU  - Stenseth, Nils C.
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB  - In terrestrial ecosystems, fungi are the major agents of decomposition processes and nutrient cycling and of plant nutrient uptake. Hence, they have a vital impact on ecosystem processes and the terrestrial carbon cycle. Changes in productivity and phenology of fungal fruit bodies can give clues to changes in fungal activity, but understanding these changes in relation to a changing climate is a pending challenge among ecologists. Here we report on phenological changes in fungal fruiting in Europe over the past four decades. Analyses of 746,297 dated and geo-referenced mushroom records of 486 autumnal fruiting species from Austria, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom revealed a widening of the annual fruiting season in all countries during the period 1970–2007. The mean annual day of fruiting has become later in all countries. However, the interspecific variation in phenological responses was high. Most species moved toward a later ending of their annual fruiting period, a trend that was particularly strong in the United Kingdom, which may reflect regional variation in climate change and its effects. Fruiting of both saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi now continues later in the year, but mycorrhizal fungi generally have a more compressed season than saprotrophs. This difference is probably due to the fruiting of mycorrhizal fungi partly depending on cues from the host plant. Extension of the European fungal fruiting season parallels an extended vegetation season in Europe. Changes in fruiting phenology imply changes in mycelia activity, with implications for ecosystem function.
DA  - 2012/09/04/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.1200789109
DP  - www.pnas.org
VL  - 109
IS  - 36
SP  - 14488
EP  - 14493
LA  - en
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/109/36/14488
Y2  - 2013/09/03/07:01:44
KW  - fungal ecology
KW  - seasonality
KW  - agarics
KW  - Basidiomycetes
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Adapting Austrian forestry to climate change: Assessing the drought tolerance of Austria’s authochtonous tree species
AU  - Karrer, Gerhard
AU  - Bassler, Gabriele
AU  - Schume, Helmut
AU  - Matthews, Bradley
AU  - Willner, Wolfgang
T2  - StartClim2011: Adaption to climate change in Austria: "Forrests"
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
M3  - Final Report
PB  - BMLFUW, BMWF, ÖBf
SN  - StartClim2011.D
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/fileadmin/user_upload/StartClim2011_reports/StCl11D.pdf
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<div style="font-size: 14.72px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 256.789px; top: 642.562px; transform: scale(0.980352, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">r</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.72px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 261.75px; top: 642.562px; transform: scale(0.996212, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">ties:</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.72px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 292.794px; top: 642.562px; transform: scale(1.02262, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">BMLFUW,</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.72px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 364.481px; top: 642.562px; transform: scale(1.02789, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">BMWF,</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.72px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 417.281px; top: 642.562px; transform: scale(0.973527, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">ÖB</div>
<div style="font-size: 14.72px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 438.404px; top: 642.562px; transform: scale(1.02304, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">f</div>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Moore in Österreich unter dem Schutz der Ramsar-Konvention
AU  - Jungmeier, Michael
AU  - Werner, Kathrin
AU  - Pettrich, C.
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
DP  - Open WorldCat
VL  - 115
SP  - 214
LA  - German
PB  - Umweltbundesamt
SN  - 3-7083-0197-8 978-3-7083-0197-6
UR  - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/aktuell/publikationen/publikationssuche/publikationsdetail/?pub_id=1523
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Progress in understanding Phytophthora diseases of trees in Europe 2004-2007
AU  - Jung, T.
AU  - Vannini, A.
AU  - Brasier, C.M.
A2  - Goheen, E.M.
A2  - Frankel, S.J.
C1  - Albany, California
C3  - Proceedings of the fourth meeting of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Working Party S07.02.09: Phytophthoras in forests and natural ecosystems.General Technical Report
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
VL  - Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-221
SP  - 3
EP  - 24
PB  - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station
UR  - http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr221/
N1  - <p>Goheen, E.M.; Frankel, S.J., tech. coords.&nbsp; 2009. &nbsp;Proceedings of the fourth meeting of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Working Party S07.02.09: Phytophthoras in forests and natural ecosystems. &nbsp; Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-221. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. 334 p.</p>
N1  - <p>Goheen, E.M.; Frankel, S.J., tech. coords. - statt eds (techn. coords)</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Die künftige Verbreitung der Baumarten im Simulationsmodell
AU  - Jandl, Robert
AU  - Gschwandtner, Thomas
AU  - Zimmermann, Nikolaus
T2  - BFW Praxisinformation
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
VL  - 30
SP  - 16
EP  - 19
UR  - http://bfw.ac.at/db/bfwcms.web?dok=9338
Y2  - 2013/10/24/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Climate change 2007: the Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
AU  - IPCC
A3  - Solomon, S.
A3  - Qin, D.
A3  - Manning, M.
A3  - Chen, Z.
A3  - Marquis, M.
A3  - Averyt, K.B.
A3  - Tignor, M.
A3  - Miller, H.L.
CY  - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
DA  - 2007a
PY  - 2007a
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 996pp.
PB  - Cambridge University Press
ST  - Climate change 2007
UR  - http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html
N1  - <div style="font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 48px; top: 680.427px; transform: scale(0.932821, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Please use the following reference to the whole report:</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 48px; top: 712.427px; transform: scale(0.946126, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">IPCC, 2007:</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 118.013px; top: 712.427px; transform: scale(0.676668, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 48.0005px; top: 728.427px; transform: scale(0.690342, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 359.152px; top: 728.427px; transform: scale(0.943886, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">[Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt,</div>
<p>M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp</p>
N1  - <div style="font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 48px; top: 680.427px; transform: scale(0.932821, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Please use the following reference to the whole report:</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 48px; top: 712.427px; transform: scale(0.946126, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">IPCC, 2007:</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 118.013px; top: 712.427px; transform: scale(0.676668, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 48.0005px; top: 728.427px; transform: scale(0.690342, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; font-family: sans-serif; left: 359.152px; top: 728.427px; transform: scale(0.943886, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">[Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt,</div>
<p>M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp</p>
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Environmental aspects
KW  - International cooperation
KW  - greenhouse gases
KW  - Government policy
KW  - Greenhouse gas mitigation
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Potential Impacts of Climatic Change on European Breeding Birds
AU  - Huntley, Brian
AU  - Collingham, Yvonne C.
AU  - Willis, Stephen G.
AU  - Green, Rhys E.
T2  - PLOS ONE
AB  - BackgroundClimatic change is expected to lead to changes in species' geographical ranges. Adaptation strategies for biodiversity conservation require quantitative estimates of the magnitude, direction and rates of these potential changes. Such estimates are of greatest value when they are made for large ensembles of species and for extensive (sub-continental or continental) regions.Methodology/Principal FindingsFor six climate scenarios for 2070–99 changes have been estimated for 431 European breeding bird species using models relating species' distributions in Europe to climate. Mean range centroid potentially shifted 258–882 km in a direction between 341° (NNW) and 45° (NE), depending upon the climate scenario considered. Potential future range extent averaged 72–89% of the present range, and overlapped the present range by an average of 31–53% of the extent of the present range. Even if potential range changes were realised, the average number of species breeding per 50×50 km grid square would decrease by 6·8–23·2%. Many species endemic or near-endemic to Europe have little or no overlap between their present and potential future ranges; such species face an enhanced extinction risk as a consequence of climatic change.Conclusions/SignificanceAlthough many human activities exert pressures upon wildlife, the magnitude of the potential impacts estimated for European breeding birds emphasises the importance of climatic change. The development of adaptation strategies for biodiversity conservation in the face of climatic change is an urgent need; such strategies must take into account quantitative evidence of potential climatic change impacts such as is presented here.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0001439
DP  - PLOS Journals
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001439
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:44:09
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria respond to multifactorial global change
AU  - Horz, Hans-Peter
AU  - Barbrook, Adrian
AU  - Field, Christopher B.
AU  - Bohannan, Brendan J. M.
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that multiple co-occurring global changes can alter the abundance, diversity, and productivity of plant communities. Belowground processes, often mediated by soil microorganisms, are central to the response of these communities to global change. Very little is known, however, about the effects of multiple global changes on microbial communities. We examined the response of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), microorganisms that mediate the transformation of ammonium into nitrite, to simultaneous increases in atmospheric CO2, precipitation, temperature, and nitrogen deposition, manipulated on the ecosystem level in a California grassland. Both the community structure and abundance of AOB responded to these simulated global changes. Increased nitrogen deposition significantly altered the structure of the ammonia-oxidizing community, consistently shifting the community toward dominance by bacteria most closely related to Nitrosospira sp. 2. This shift was most pronounced when temperature and precipitation were not increased. Total abundance of AOB significantly decreased in response to increased atmospheric CO2. This decrease was most pronounced when precipitation was also increased. Shifts in community composition were associated with increases in nitrification, but changes in abundance were not. These results demonstrate that microbial communities can be consistently altered by global changes and that these changes can have implications for ecosystem function.
DA  - 2004/10/19/
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.0406616101
DP  - www.pnas.org
VL  - 101
IS  - 42
SP  - 15136
EP  - 15141
LA  - en
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/101/42/15136
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:05:35
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changes in plant species richness over the last century in the eastern Swiss Alps: elevational gradient, bedrock effects and migration rates
AU  - Holzinger, Barbara
AU  - Hülber, Karl
AU  - Camenisch, Martin
AU  - Grabherr, Georg
T2  - Plant Ecology
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1007/s11258-007-9314-9
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 195
IS  - 2
SP  - 179
EP  - 196
SN  - 1385-0237, 1573-5052
ST  - Changes in plant species richness over the last century in the eastern Swiss Alps
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11258-007-9314-9
Y2  - 2013/09/04/11:48:23
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Alpine bryophytes as indicators for climate change: a case study from the Austrian Alps.
AU  - Hohenwallner, D.
AU  - Zechmeister, H. G.
AU  - Moser, D.
AU  - Pauli, H.
AU  - Gottfried, M.
AU  - Reiter, K.
AU  - Grabherr, G.
T2  - Bryophyte Ecology and Climate Change
A2  - Tuba, Z.
A2  - Slack, N. G.
A2  - Stark, L. R.
CY  - Cambridge
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 237
EP  - 250
PB  - Cambridge University Press
ST  - Alpine bryophytes as indicators for climate change
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Insect Pests as Climate Change Driven Disturbances in Forest Ecosystems
AU  - Hlásny, T.
AU  - Turčáni, M.
T2  - Bioclimatology and Natural Hazards
A2  - Střelcová, Ass Prof Dr Katarína
A2  - Mátyás, Prof Dr Csaba
A2  - Kleidon, Dr Axel
A2  - Lapin, Prof Dr Milan
A2  - Matejka, Dr František
A2  - Blaženec, Dr Miroslav
A2  - Škvarenina, Prof Dr Jaroslav
A2  - Holécy, Prof Dr Ján
AB  - Climate change is generally agreed to have a profound impact on forest structure and its dynamics (Aber et al. 2001; Ayres and Lombardero 2000; Dale et al. 2000, 2001). As trees can live from decades to centuries, rapid changes of climate are also expressed through alterations of the disturbance regime (Franklin et al. 2002; He et al. 1999).
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - link.springer.com
SP  - 165
EP  - 177
LA  - en
PB  - Springer Netherlands
SN  - 978-1-4020-8875-9 978-1-4020-8876-6
UR  - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-8876-6_15
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:39:16
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
KW  - Environmental Management
KW  - Spatial modelling
KW  - Biogeosciences
KW  - Ips typographus (L.)
KW  - Lymantria dispar (L.)
KW  - Outbreaks
KW  - Slovakia
KW  - Voltinism
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Climate change impacts on European Amphibians and Reptiles.
AU  - Henle, Klaus
AU  - Dick, Daniela
AU  - Harpke, Alexander
AU  - Kühn, Ingolf
AU  - Schweiger, Oliver
AU  - Settele, Josef
CY  - Strasbourg
DA  - 2008/10/15/
PY  - 2008
SP  - 51
M3  - Report to the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and natural Habitats
SN  - T-PVS/Inf (2008) 11 rev
UR  - http://seh-cc.org/Amp_Reptile_Climate%20Change1.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Klimadiagnose Niederösterreich
AU  - Heilig, M.
CY  - 2007
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Scholar
M3  - Endbericht Mai 2007.
PB  - Amt der NÖ Landesregierung, Abt. Wasserwirtschaft, Abt. Hydrologie
SN  - Auftrag Kennzeichen WA2-A-512/004-2005 vom 21.10.2005.
N1  - <p>pdf fehlt</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The spatial spread of invasions: new developments in theory and evidence: Spatial spread of invasions
AU  - Hastings, Alan
AU  - Cuddington, Kim
AU  - Davies, Kendi F.
AU  - Dugaw, Christopher J.
AU  - Elmendorf, Sarah
AU  - Freestone, Amy
AU  - Harrison, Susan
AU  - Holland, Matthew
AU  - Lambrinos, John
AU  - Malvadkar, Urmila
AU  - Melbourne, Brett A.
AU  - Moore, Kara
AU  - Taylor, Caz
AU  - Thomson, Diane
T2  - Ecology Letters
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00687.x
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
SP  - 91
EP  - 101
SN  - 1461023X, 14610248
ST  - The spatial spread of invasions
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00687.x
Y2  - 2013/09/03/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Klimahandbuch der Österreichischen Bodenschätzung. Klimatographie. Teil 2
AU  - Harlfinger, O.
CY  - Innsbruck
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
VL  - 2
SP  - 259
PB  - Klimareferat der österr. Bodenschätzung, Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik Wien. Universitätsverlag Wagner
SN  - 978-3-7030-0376-9
ST  - Klimahandbuch der Österreichischen Bodenschätzung
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of extreme temperatures on parasitoids in a climate change perspective
AU  - Hance, Thierry
AU  - van Baaren, Joan
AU  - Vernon, Philippe
AU  - Boivin, Guy
T2  - Annual Review of Entomology
AB  - Abstract Parasitoids depend on a series of adaptations to the ecology and physiology of their hosts and host plants for survival and are thus likely highly susceptible to changes in environmental conditions. We analyze the effects of global warming and extreme temperatures on the life-history traits of parasitoids and interactions with their hosts. Adaptations of parasitoids to low temperatures are similar to those of most ectotherms, but these adaptations are constrained by the responses of their hosts. Life-history traits are affected by cold exposure, and extreme temperatures can reduce endosymbiont populations inside a parasitoid, eventually eliminating populations of endosymbionts that are susceptible to high temperatures. In several cases, divergences between the thermal preferences of the host and those of the parasitoid lead to a disruption of the temporal or geographical synchronization, increasing the risk of host outbreaks. A careful analysis on how host-parasitoid systems react to changes in temperature is needed so that researchers may predict and manage the consequences of global change at the ecosystem level.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091333
DP  - Annual Reviews
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
SP  - 107
EP  - 126
UR  - http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091333
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:32:50
KW  - biological control
KW  - cold hardiness
KW  - sublethal effect
KW  - thermal adaptation
KW  - thermal stress
KW  - tritrophic systems
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Global warming will affect the genetic diversity and uniqueness of Lycaena helle populations
AU  - Habel, Jan Christian
AU  - Rödder, Dennis
AU  - Schmitt, Thomas
AU  - Nève, Gabriel
T2  - Global Change Biology
AB  - The climate warming of the postglacial has strongly reduced the distribution of cold-adapted species over most of Central Europe. Such taxa have therefore become extinct over most of the lowlands and shifted to higher altitudes where they have survived to the present day. The lycaenid butterfly Lycaena helle follows this pattern of former widespread distribution and later restriction to mountain areas such as the European middle mountains. We sampled 203 individuals from 10 populations representing six mountain ranges (Pyrenees, Jura, Massif Central, Morvan, Vosges and Ardennes) over the species' western distribution. Allozyme and microsatellite polymorphisms were analysed to study the genetic status of these highly fragmented populations. Both molecular marker systems revealed a strong genetic differentiation among the analysed populations, coinciding with the orographic structure and highly restricted gene flow among them. The large-scale genetic differentiation is more pronounced in allozymes (FCT: 0.326) than in microsatellites (RCT: 0.113), but microsatellites show a higher resolution on the regional scale (RSC: 0.082) compared with allozymes (FSC: n.s.). For both analytical tools, we found private alleles occurring exclusively in a single mountain area. The highly fragmented and isolated occurrence of populations is supported by the distribution pattern of potentially suitable climate suggested by species distribution models. Model projections under two climate warming scenarios predict a decline of climatically suitable areas, which will result in the extinction of most of the populations showing unique genetic characteristics.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02233.x
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
SP  - 194
EP  - 205
LA  - en
SN  - 1365-2486
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02233.x/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/03/17:31:44
KW  - Climate change
KW  - microsatellites
KW  - climate envelope
KW  - allozymes
KW  - ecological niche modelling
KW  - fragmentation
KW  - Lycaenidae
KW  - mountain regions
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Reptilien
AU  - Grillitsch, H.
AU  - Cabela, A.
T2  - Atlas zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der Amphibien und Reptilien in Österreich: Auswertung der herpetofaunistischen Datenbank der herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien
A2  - Cabela, Antonia
A2  - Grillitsch, Heinz
A2  - Tiedemann, Franz
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2001///
PY  - 2001
DP  - Open WorldCat
SP  - 442
EP  - 610
LA  - German
PB  - Umweltbundesamt
SN  - 3-85457-586-6 978-3-85457-586-3
UR  - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/aktuell/publikationen/publikationssuche/publikationsdetail/?pub_id=1262
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs. Teil II: Natürliche waldfreie Vegetation
A3  - Grabherr, G
A3  - Mucina, L.
CY  - Jena
DA  - 1993///
PY  - 1993
SP  - 323
PB  - Gustav Fischer Verlag
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate effects on mountain plants
AU  - Grabherr, Georg
AU  - Gottfried, Michael
AU  - Pauli, Harald
T2  - Nature
DA  - 1994///
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1038/369448a0
DP  - CiteULike
VL  - 369
IS  - 6480
SP  - 448
EP  - ; 448
SN  - 00280836
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/369448a0
Y2  - 2013/09/04/07:41:40
KW  - mountain
KW  - Plants
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Nettoprimärproduktion und Reproduktion in einem Krummseggenrasen (Caricetum curvulae) der Ötztaler Alpen, Tirol
AU  - Grabherr, G.
AU  - Mähr, E.
AU  - Reisigl, H.
T2  - Oecol. Plant
DA  - 1979///
PY  - 1979
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
SP  - 227
EP  - 251
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Rote Liste der in Österreich gefährdeten Lurche (Amphibia) und Kriechtiere (Reptilia)
AU  - Gollmann, G.
T2  - Rote Listen gefährdeter Tiere Österreichs: Kriechtiere, Lurche, Fische, Nachtfalter, Weichtiere
A2  - Gollmann, G.
A2  - Mikschi, E.
A2  - Wolfram, G.
A2  - Huemer, P.
A2  - Reischütz
T3  - Grüne Reihe des Lebensministeriums
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 14/2
SP  - 37
EP  - 60
PB  - Böhlau Verlag
SN  - 978-3-205-77478-5
UR  - http://www.lebensministerium.at/publikationen/umwelt/gruene_reihe.html
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. Physiological Ecology. (e-book)
AU  - Glime, Janice M.
CY  - Houghton, Michigan
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
PB  - Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists
UR  - http://www.bryoecol.mtu.edu/
Y2  - 2013/10/23/
N1  - <p>The Citation information for this volume is: <br /> <br /> <span class="main_body">Glime, Janice M. 2007 <em>Bryophyte Ecology</em>. Volume 1. Physiological Ecology. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. accessed on _____ (provide date you accessed it) at <a href="http://www.bryoecol.mtu.edu/"> http://www.bryoecol.mtu.edu/ </a>. </span></p>
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Der Beitrag von Landschaftsstrukturen (z.B. Windschutzhecken) zur Ertragssituation im Ackerbau in Ostösterreich
AU  - Gerersdorfer, Thomas
AU  - Brandenburg, Christiane
AU  - Bahrs, Enno
AU  - Eitzinger, Josef
A2  - Matzarakis, Andreas
A2  - Mayer, Helmut
A2  - Chmielewski, Frank M.
AB  - Der Ackerbau im Osten Österreichs wird aufg
rund der Folgen des Klimawandels und der be-
grenzten natürlichen Wasserversorgung der Ag
rarflächen zunehmend schwieriger und ohne
entsprechende Anpassungsmaßnahmen möglic
herweise partiell unmöglich werden. Land-
schaftsstrukturen, wie zum Beispiel Windschut
zhecken, verändern das Mikroklima und verbes-
sern die Wassernutzungseffizienz der angebaut
en Kulturen. Mithilfe eines Pflanzen-
wachstumsmodells (DSSAT) werden Erträge in
der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion simuliert.
Eine ökonomische Modellierung untersucht
Grenzen und Chancen einer Landschafts-
strukturierung hinsichtlich eines betriebswi
rtschaftlichen Nutzens. Neben der rein öko-
nomischen Abschätzung werden darüber hinaus
noch die zu erwartenden positiven externen
Effekte der Landschaftsstrukturierung in Betracht gezogen
C1  - Freiburg, Germany
C3  - Proceedings of the 7 th Conference on Biometeorology. Berichte des Meteorologischen Instituts der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
DA  - 2010/04/12/
PY  - 2010
VL  - 20
SP  - 32
EP  - 38
LA  - English
PB  - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg
SN  - ISSN 1435-618X
UR  - http://www.mif.uni-freiburg.de/biomet/bm7/program.htm
Y2  - 2013/10/23/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wie viele Tierarten leben in Österreich? Erfassung, Hochrechnung und Abschätzung
AU  - Geiser, Elisabeth
T2  - Verh.zool.-bot.Ges. Österreich
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
VL  - 135
SP  - 81
EP  - 93
UR  - http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/VZBG_135_0081-0093.pdf
Y2  - 2013/10/23/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Taxonomic, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of methanogenic archaea
AU  - Garcia, Jean-Louis
AU  - Patel, Bharat K.C
AU  - Ollivier, Bernard
T2  - Anaerobe
DA  - 2000/08//
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1006/anae.2000.0345
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
SP  - 205
EP  - 226
J2  - Anaerobe
SN  - 1075-9964
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1075996400903457
Y2  - 2013/10/23/09:33:55
KW  - Archaea
KW  - ecology
KW  - Methanogens
KW  - phylogeny
KW  - review
KW  - taxonomy
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rapid and recent changes in fungal fruiting patterns
AU  - Gange, A. C.
AU  - Gange, E. G.
AU  - Sparks, T. H.
AU  - Boddy, L.
T2  - Science
AB  - Information on responses of higher organisms to climate change is dominated by events in spring. Far less is known about autumnal events and virtually nothing about communities of microorganisms. We analyzed autumnal fruiting patterns of macrofungi over the past 56 years and found that average first fruiting date of 315 species is earlier, while last fruiting date is later. Fruiting of mycorrhizal species that associate with both deciduous and coniferous trees is delayed in deciduous, but not in coniferous, forests. Many species are now fruiting twice a year, indicating increased mycelial activity and possibly greater decay rates in ecosystems.
DA  - 2007/04/06/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1126/science.1137489
DP  - www.sciencemag.org
VL  - 316
IS  - 5821
SP  - 71
EP  - 71
J2  - Science
LA  - en
SN  - 0036-8075, 1095-9203
UR  - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/316/5821/71
Y2  - 2013/09/03/06:57:21
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Zukunft einer ökologisch genutzten Agrarlandschaft
AU  - Freyer, Bernhard
AU  - Surböck, Andreas
AU  - Friedel, Jurgen K.
AU  - Heinzinger, Markus
T2  - GAIA-Ökologische Perspektiven für Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 16
IS  - 2/2007
SP  - 158
EP  - 160
SN  - 0940-5550
UR  - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/oekom/gaia/2007/00000016/00000002/art00022
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, 3
AU  - Fischer, M. A.
AU  - Oswald, K.
AU  - Adler, W.
CY  - Linz
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Google Scholar
ET  - 3
SP  - 1391
PB  - Biologiezentrum der Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseen
SN  - 978-3-85474-187-9
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Water resources across Europe — confronting water scarcity and drought
AU  - European Environment Agency EEA
CY  - Copenhagen
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
LA  - English
M3  - EEA Report
PB  - European Environment Agency (EEA), Office for Official Publications of the European Communities (OPOCE)
SN  - 2
UR  - http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/water-resources-across-europe
DB  - 1725-9177
Y2  - 2013/10/22/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Physiologische Untersuchungen an Weinkulturen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Stressfaktoren als wahrscheinliche Auslöser der Traubenwelke
AU  - Fardossi, A.
AB  - Das Projekt hat zum Ziel, ökologische und ökonomische Maßnahmen zur Ertrags- und Qualitätssicherung im Weinbau abzustimmen. In diesem Zusammenhang steht die Ursachenforschung und Klärung von physiologisch bedingten Ernährungsstörungen unter dem Einfluss von Stressfaktoren im Vordergrund. Um eine richtige Diagnose zu erstellen und Therapiemöglichkeiten der Traubenwelke aufzuzeigen, sind vor allem Boden- und Pflanzenanalysen erforderlich.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
PB  - HBLA/BA Klosterneuburg
UR  - http://bundesamt.weinobstklosterneuburg.at/seiten/index.php/view.244/
N1  - <p>ergänzen - was ist das?</p>
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Biologische Vielfalt - Pflanzenreichtum in den Landschaften Österreichs
AU  - Englisch, T.
AU  - Niklfeld, H.
AU  - Schratt-Ehrendorfer, L.
T2  - Das neue Bild Österreichs: Strukturen und Entwicklungen im Alpenraum und in den Vorländern
A2  - Borsdorf, Axel
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DP  - Open WorldCat
LA  - German
PB  - Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
SN  - 3-7001-3513-0 978-3-7001-3513-5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Forstliche Schadorganismen im Zeichen des Klimawandels
AU  - Engesser, Roland
AU  - Forster, Beat
AU  - Meier, Franz
AU  - Wermelinger, Beat
T2  - Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Forstwesen
DA  - 2008/10//
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.3188/szf.2008.0344
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 159
IS  - 10
SP  - 344
EP  - 351
SN  - 0036-7818
UR  - http://www.szf-jfs.org/doi/abs/10.3188/szf.2008.0344
Y2  - 2013/09/03/06:56:31
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Physiologie der Haustiere
A3  - Engelhardt, Wolfgang von
CY  - Stuttgart
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
DP  - Google Scholar
LA  - Deutsch
PB  - Enke Verlag
SN  - 3-7773-1429-3
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Some aspects of thermal stress on freshwater teleosts
AU  - Elliott, J.M.
T2  - Stress and fish
A2  - Pickering, A. D.
CN  - QL639.1 .S74 1981
CY  - London; New York
DA  - 1981///
PY  - 1981
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
SP  - 209
EP  - 245
PB  - Academic Press
SN  - 0-12-554550-9
KW  - Effect of stress on
KW  - Fishes
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Naturraumanalyse im Weinbaugebiet Carnuntum - Klima
AU  - Eitzinger, J
AU  - Laube, W.
AU  - Gerersdorfer, T.
AU  - Grabenweger, P.
AU  - Reitner, H.
AU  - Heinrich, M.
AU  - Murer, E.
T2  - Ernährung sichern – trotz begrenzter Ressourcen. Tagungsband 2012
A2  - ALVA Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Lebensmittel-, Veterinär- und Agrarwesen
CY  - Lehr- und Forschungszentrum für Gartenbau, Schönbrunn
DA  - Juni 4, 2012b
PY  - Juni 4, 2012b
SP  - 125
EP  - 127
SN  - ISSN 1606-612X
UR  - http://www.alva.at/index.php/de/publikationen
Y2  - 2013/11/24/
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Der Klimawandel, seine absehbaren Folgen für die Landwirtschaft in Oberösterreich und Anpassungsstrategien (Sonderbericht)
AU  - Eitzinger, J.
AU  - Kubu, Gerhard
AU  - Thaler, Sabina
AU  - Trnka, Mirek
T2  - Grüner Bericht 2008 - 30. Bericht über die wirtschaftliche und soziale Lage der oberösterreichischen Land- und Forstwirtschaft im Jahr 2008
A2  - Amt der Oö. Landesregierung
CY  - Linz
DA  - 2009b
PY  - 2009b
SP  - 97
EP  - 106
PB  - Amt der Oö. Landesregierung
UR  - http://www.gruenerbericht.at/cm3/download/finish/109-gruener-bericht-oberoesterreich/468-gruener-bericht-oberoesterreich-2008/0.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Regional climate change impacts on agricultural crop production in Central and Eastern Europe – hotspots, regional differences and common trends
AU  - Eitzinger, J.
AU  - Trnka, M.
AU  - Semerádová, D.
AU  - Thaler, S.
AU  - Svobodová, E.
AU  - Hlavinka, P.
AU  - Siska, B.
AU  - Takáč, J.
AU  - Malatinská, L.
AU  - Nováková, M.
AU  - Dubrovský, M.
AU  - Zalud, Z.
T2  - The Journal of Agricultural Science
DA  - 2012a
PY  - 2012a
DO  - 10.1017/S0021859612000767
DP  - CrossRef
SP  - 787
EP  - 812
SN  - 0021-8596, 1469-5146
UR  - http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0021859612000767
Y2  - 2013/10/22/09:48:52
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Final report, including recommendations on adaptation measures considering regional aspects. Final scientific report of the ADAGIO Project: “Adaptation of agriculture in European regions at environmental risk under climate change”; Specific Support Action, FP6-2005-SSP-5-A, Proj.No.044210, Sixth Framework Programme (European Commission).
AU  - Eitzinger, J.
AU  - Kubu, G.
AU  - Thaler, S.
AU  - Alexandrov, U.
AU  - Utset, V.
AU  - Mihailovic, D.T.
AU  - Lalic, B.
AU  - Trnka, M.
AU  - Zalud, Z.
AU  - Semeradova, D.
AU  - Ventrella, D.
AU  - Anastasiou, D. P.
AU  - Medany, M.
AU  - Altaher, S.
AU  - Olejnik, J.
AU  - Lesny, J.
AU  - Nemeshko, N.
AU  - Simota, C.
AU  - Cojocaru, G.
A2  - Institute of Meteorology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)
CY  - Vienna
DA  - 2009a
PY  - 2009a
SP  - 450
M3  - Final Report
PB  - BOKU
SN  - FP6-2005SSP-5-A
UR  - http://cordis.europa.eu/documents/documentlibrary/124722801EN6.pdf
N1  - <div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 76.8px; top: 130px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.0075, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Eitzinger, J., Kubu, G., Thaler, S</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 296px; top: 130px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.01311, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">., Alexandrov, V., Utset, A., Mihailovic, D.T., Lalic, B., Trnka,</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 76.8px; top: 148.4px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00069, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">M., Zalud, Z., Semeradova, D.,</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 283.44px; top: 148.4px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.01349, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Ventrella, D., Anastasiou, D. P., Medany, M., Altaher, S., Olejnik,</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 76.8px; top: 166.8px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00475, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">J., Lesny, J., Nemeshko, N.,</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 260.32px; top: 166.799px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00386, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Nikolaev, M., Simota, C., Cojocaru, G.</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 512.8px; top: 166.799px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00077, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">(2009) : Final report, including</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 76.8px; top: 185.199px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00122, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">recommendations on adaptation measures considering re</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 440px; top: 185.199px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00518, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">gional aspects. Final scientific report of the</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 76.8px; top: 203.6px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00095, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">ADAGIO Project: “Adaptation of ag</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 325.76px; top: 203.6px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00182, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">riculture in European regions</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 523.04px; top: 203.6px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00232, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">at environmental risk under</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 76.8px; top: 221.999px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00508, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">climate change”; Specific Support Action,</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 357.84px; top: 221.999px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00112, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">FP6-2005-SSP-5-A, Proj.No.044210, Sixth Framework</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 76.8px; top: 240.4px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00185, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Programme (European Commission). Ed.: Institute</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 432px; top: 240.4px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00527, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">of Meteorology, University of Natural</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 76.8px; top: 258.799px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00114, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Resources and Applied Life</div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; font-family: serif; left: 259.84px; top: 258.799px; transform: rotate(0deg) scale(1.00486, 1); transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px;" dir="ltr">Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 450p..</div>
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Landwirtschaft im Klimawandel: Auswirkungen und Anpassungsstrategien für die Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Mitteleuropa
AU  - Eitzinger, Josef
AU  - Kersebaum, Kurt Christian
AU  - Formayer, Herbert
CN  - S600.64.E865 E38 2009
CY  - Clenze, Deutschland
DA  - 2009c
PY  - 2009c
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
SP  - 376
PB  - Agrimedia
SN  - 978-3-86037-378-1
ST  - Landwirtschaft im Klimawandel
KW  - Economic aspects
KW  - climate
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Crops and climate
KW  - Europe, Central
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Einfluss des Klimawandels auf die Produktionsrisiken in der österreichischen Landwirtschaft und mögliche Anpassungsstrategien
AU  - Eitzinger, Josef
T2  - Ländlicher Raum (www.laendlicher-raum.at)
A2  - BMLFUW
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 10
UR  - http://www.accc.gv.at/pdf/Eitzinger_laendl_raum2007.pdf
Y2  - 2013/09/03/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mykorrhiza. Eine faszinierende Lebensgemeinschaft im Wald
AU  - Egli, S.
AU  - Brunner, I.
T2  - Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Merkblatt für die Praxis
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
VL  - 35, 3. Auflage, Birmensdorf, Schweiz
SN  - 1424-2876
UR  - http://www.wsl.ch/dienstleistungen/publikationen/pdf/11252.pdf
Y2  - 2013/10/22/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Zusammenfassender Bericht über den Erhaltungszustand von Arten und Lebensraumtypen gemäß Artikel 17 der Habitatrichtlinie
AU  - EC
CY  - Brüssel, 13. Juli 2009
DA  - 2009/07/13/
PY  - 2009
LA  - Deutsch
M3  - Bericht der Kommission an den Rat und das Europäische Parlament
SN  - KOM(2009) 358 endgültig
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Effects of climate change on timing of breeding and reproductive success in birds
AU  - Dunn, P.O.
AU  - Winkler
T2  - Effects of climate change on birds
A2  - Møller, A. P.
A2  - Fiedler, Wolfgang
A2  - Berthold, P.
CN  - QL698.95 .E34 2010
CY  - Oxford; New York
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
SP  - 113
EP  - 128
LA  - English
PB  - Oxford University Press
SN  - 978-0-19-956975-5
KW  - ecology
KW  - Conservation
KW  - Birds
KW  - Climatic factors
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Extinction debt of high-mountain plants under 21st century climate change
AU  - Dullinger, Stefan
AU  - Gattringer, Andreas
AU  - Thuiller, Wilfried
AU  - Moser, Dietmar
AU  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
AU  - Guisan, Antoine
AU  - Willner, Wolfgang
AU  - Plutzar, Christoph
AU  - Leitner, Michael
AU  - Mang, Thomas
T2  - Nature Climate Change
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1038/nclimate1514
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 2
IS  - 8
SP  - 619
EP  - 622
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate1514.html
Y2  - 2013/09/03/15:29:54
KW  - ecology
KW  - Biodiversity and ecosystems
KW  - Modelling and statistics
KW  - Conservation
KW  - Biological sciences
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Die Welt der Pilze
AU  - Dörfelt, Heinrich
AU  - Ruske, Erika
CY  - Jena
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Open WorldCat
ET  - 2
SP  - 322
LA  - German
PB  - Weissdorn-Verlag Jena
SN  - 978-3-936055-55-9 3-936055-55-6
UR  - http://www.buchhandel.de/detailansicht.aspx?isbn=9783936055559
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Population dynamics and photosynthetic rates of a Cylindrospermopsis - Limnothrix association in a highly eutrophic urban lake, Alte Donau, Vienna, Austria
AU  - Dokulil, Martin T.
AU  - Mayer, Jutta
T2  - Algological Studies
DA  - 1996///
PY  - 1996
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 83
SP  - 179
EP  - 195
UR  - http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/archiv_algolstud/detail/83/68663
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:30:26
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Auswirkungen und Strategien für die Grünlandwirtschaft unter dem Aspekt gegenwärtiger Rahmenbedin- gungen und ertragsphysiologischer Parameter
AU  - Diepolder, Michael
T2  - 6. Kulturlandschaftstag
T3  - Schriftenreihe der Bayerischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (Lfl)
A3  - LfL
C1  - Freising-Weihenstephan
C3  - Klimaänderung und Landwirtschaft - Bestandsaufnahme und Handlungsstrategien für Bayern. Tagungsband
DA  - 2007/11/19/
PY  - 2007
VL  - 13/2007
SP  - 93
EP  - 104
LA  - Deutsch
PB  - Bayrischen Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft
UR  - http://www.lfl.bayern.de/publikationen/schriftenreihe/040924/index.php
DB  - ISSN 1611-4159
Y2  - 2013/10/22/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Environmental diversity of bacteria and archaea
AU  - DeLong, Edward F.
AU  - Pace, Norman R.
T2  - Systematic Biology
AB  - The microbial way of life spans at least 3.8 billion years of evolution. Microbial organisms are pervasive, ubiquitous, and essential components of all ecosystems. The geochemical composition of Earth's biosphere has been molded largely by microbial activities. Yet, despite the predominance of microbes during the course of life's history, general principles and theory of microbial evolution and ecology are not well developed. Until recently, investigators had no idea how accurately cultivated microorganisms represented overall microbial diversity.The development of molecular phylogenetics has recently enabled characterization of naturally occurring microbial biota without cultivation. Free from the biases of culture-based studies, molecular phylogenetic surveys have revealed a vast array of new microbial groups. Many of these new microbes are widespread and abundant among contemporary microbiota and fall within novel divisions that branch deep within the tree of life. The breadth and extent of extant microbial diversity has become much clearer. A remaining challenge for microbial biologists is to better characterize the biological properties of these newly described microbial taxa. This more comprehensive picture will provide much better perspective on the natural history, ecology, and evolution of extant microbial life.
DA  - 2001/08/01/
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1080/10635150118513
DP  - sysbio.oxfordjournals.org
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
SP  - 470
EP  - 478
LA  - en
SN  - 1063-5157, 1076-836X
UR  - http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/content/50/4/470
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:00:48
KW  - Archaea
KW  - phylogeny
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - bacteria
KW  - evolution
KW  - microbial
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Application of an analog downscaling technique to the assessment of future landslide activity - a case study in the Italian Alps
AU  - Dehn, Martin
T2  - Climate Research
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.3354/cr013103
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
SP  - 103
EP  - 113
UR  - http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/cr/v13/n2/p103-113/
Y2  - 2013/09/04/13:37:12
N1  - <p>monatliche Temperaturen und Niederschlag für Cortina; ECHAM4 und HadCM2; unterschiedliche "fitting periods" (22-61 -> 62-91 und 46-75 -> 22-44,76-94) zeigen weniger Auswirkungen als unterschiedliche GCMs; lokaler Niederschlag mittels Analogmethode erstellt (täglicher SLP:20-70N/70W-20E; 5EOF) r=0.02(JJA)-0.52(DJF); lokaler Temperatur mittels GCM Gitterwert; ***wirklich einfach eine GCM Gitterpunktsreihe fuer die monatliche cortina temp.reihe? >wird noch mit dem CR korregiert - werd aber nicht ganz schlau wie sie das gemacht haben >> zu deiner zusatzfrage: >> es wird wohl der taegliche niederschlag rekonstruiert auf basis von >>taeglichen analogen >> slp-felder. nur die korrelationskoeffizienten werden dann saisional >>bestimmt. es werden nicht nur die niederschlagssummen fuer jede saison >>verglichen sondern auch die tage mit weniger als 0.2 mm und solche >>faktoren wie "low frequency variability" high. >>." und q0.9 (was immer das auch sein mag), zur bestimmung dieser >>benoetigt man jedoch tagswerte. es zeigt sich eine Temperaturerhöhung von bis zu 3 grad C zum Ende des Jahrhunderts, die Niederschlagsänderung ist abhängig vom verwendeten GCM und liegt zwischen -/+ 30% Vergleichsraum 1960-1989 (bzw.50-79) mit 2070-2099</p>
N1  - The following values have no corresponding Zotero field:<br/>Label: dehn1999<br/>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Diatomées invasives exotiques ou rares en France: Principales observations effectuées au cours des dernières décennies
AU  - Coste, Michel
AU  - Ector, Luc
T2  - Systematics and Geography of Plants
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.2307/3668651
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 70
IS  - 2
SP  - 373
EP  - 400
SN  - 13747886
ST  - Diatomees invasives exotiques ou rares en France
UR  - http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3668651?uid=3737528&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21102607349773
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:28:35
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Out of sight, out of mind: Thermal acclimation of root respiration in Arctic Ranunculus
AU  - Cooper, Elisabeth J.
T2  - Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1657/1523-0430(2004)036[0308:OOSOOM]2.0.CO;2
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
SP  - 308
EP  - 313
ST  - Out of sight, out of mind
UR  - http://instaar.metapress.com/index/Y44748517J1060VX.pdf
Y2  - 2013/09/03/13:34:29
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Life-history traits promoting outbreaks of the pine bark beetle Ips acuminatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in the south-eastern Alps
AU  - Colombari, Fernanda
AU  - Battisti, Andrea
AU  - Schroeder, Leif Martin
AU  - Faccoli, Massimo
T2  - European Journal of Forest Research
AB  - The pine bark beetle Ips acuminatus has recently increased frequency and intensity of outbreaks in Pinus sylvestris stands in the Alps. During a 3-year period, we investigated life-history traits of the species that may have adaptive value. In the south-eastern Alps, I. acuminatus becomes active in early spring when the air temperature reaches 14°C, suggesting the presence of a local population adapted to low temperature. Such an early emergence allows the complete development of a second generation, even if only a portion of the population is truly bivoltine. As a consequence, there are two main attack periods, the first in early spring and the second in summer, resulting in different trees being colonised each time. Irrespective of the generation, a large part of the beetles leaves the breeding substrate before hibernation, and this is interpreted as an escape from natural enemies associated with the bark. These findings suggest that the populations of I. acuminatus of the south-eastern Alps may benefit from climate warming as they have more opportunities to complete the second generation and to escape from mortality factors associated with a long permanence in the bark. In addition, the extended period of tree colonisation offers more possibilities to locate suitable hosts and to build up outbreak densities.
DA  - 2012/05/01/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s10342-011-0528-y
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 131
IS  - 3
SP  - 553
EP  - 561
LA  - en
SN  - 1612-4669, 1612-4677
ST  - Life-history traits promoting outbreaks of the pine bark beetle Ips acuminatus (Coleoptera
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10342-011-0528-y
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:44:41
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Plant Ecology
KW  - Forestry
KW  - Voltinism
KW  - Colonisation density
KW  - Pine bark beetle
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Rift Valley fever atlas for Africa
AU  - Clements, A.C.
AU  - Pfeiffer, Dirk U.
AU  - Martin, Vincent
AU  - Otte, M. Joachim
T2  - Preventive Veterinary Medicine
DA  - 2007/11//
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.05.006
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 82
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 72
EP  - 82
SN  - 01675877
UR  - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167587707001110
Y2  - 2013/09/03/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Carbon accumulation in European forests
AU  - Ciais, P.
AU  - Schelhaas, M. J.
AU  - Zaehle, S.
AU  - Piao, S. L.
AU  - Cescatti, A.
AU  - Liski, J.
AU  - Luyssaert, S.
AU  - Le-Maire, G.
AU  - Schulze, E.-D.
AU  - Bouriaud, O.
AU  - Freibauer, A.
AU  - Valentini, R.
AU  - Nabuurs, G. J.
T2  - Nature Geoscience
AB  - European forests are intensively exploited for wood products, yet they also form a sink for carbon. European forest inventories, available for the past 50 years, can be combined with timber harvest statistics to assess changes in this carbon sink. Analysis of these data sets between 1950 and 2000 from the EU-15 countries excluding Luxembourg, plus Norway and Switzerland, reveals that there is a tight relationship between increases in forest biomass and forest ecosystem productivity but timber harvests grew more slowly. Encouragingly, the environmental conditions in combination with the type of silviculture that has been developed over the past 50 years can efficiently sequester carbon on timescales of decades, while maintaining forests that meet the demand for wood. However, a return to using wood as biofuel and hence shorter rotations in forestry could cancel out the benefits of carbon storage over the past five decades.
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1038/ngeo233
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 1
IS  - 7
SP  - 425
EP  - 429
LA  - en
SN  - 1752-0894
UR  - http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v1/n7/abs/ngeo233.html
Y2  - 2013/09/02/12:20:53
KW  - geophysics
KW  - Nature
KW  - geology
KW  - content
KW  - geoscience
KW  - journal
KW  - nature geoscience
KW  - nature publishing group
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Klimawandel und Obstbau in Deutschland (KLIO). BMBF-Verbundprojekt unter Koordination der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
AU  - Chmielewski, Frank M.
AU  - Blümel, K.
AU  - Henniges, Y.
AU  - Müller, A.
AU  - Görgens, M.
AU  - Weber, R.W.S.
AU  - Kemfert, C.
AU  - Kremers, H.
CY  - Berlin
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
SP  - 16
M3  - 1. Zwischenbericht, Gesamtbericht
UR  - http://www.accc.gv.at/pdf/Klimawandel_und_Obstbau_.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Kiefernsterben in Tirol
AU  - Cech, T.
AU  - Perny, B.
T2  - Forstschutz Aktuell
A2  - BFW
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 22
SP  - 12
EP  - 15
UR  - http://bfw.ac.at/inst4/fs-aktuell/nr22/02.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Global change revealed by palaeolimnological records from remote lakes: a review
AU  - Catalan, Jordi
AU  - Pla-Rabés, Sergi
AU  - Wolfe, Alexander P.
AU  - Smol, John P.
AU  - Rühland, Kathleen M.
AU  - Anderson, N. John
AU  - Kopáček, Jiři
AU  - Stuchlík, Evžen
AU  - Schmidt, Roland
AU  - Koinig, Karin A.
AU  - Camarero, Lluís
AU  - Flower, Roger J.
AU  - Heiri, Oliver
AU  - Kamenik, Christian
AU  - Korhola, Atte
AU  - Leavitt, Peter R.
AU  - Psenner, Roland
AU  - Renberg, Ingemar
T2  - Journal of Paleolimnology
AB  - Over recent decades, palaeolimnological records from remote sites have provided convincing evidence for the onset and development of several facets of global environmental change. Remote lakes, defined here as those occurring in high latitude or high altitude regions, have the advantage of not being overprinted by local anthropogenic processes. As such, many of these sites record broad-scale environmental changes, frequently driven by regime shifts in the Earth system. Here, we review a selection of studies from North America and Europe and discuss their broader implications. The history of investigation has evolved synchronously with the scope and awareness of environmental problems. An initial focus on acid deposition switched to metal and other types of pollutants, then climate change and eventually to atmospheric deposition-fertilising effects. However, none of these topics is independent of the other, and all of them affect ecosystem function and biodiversity in profound ways. Currently, remote lake palaeolimnology is developing unique datasets for each region investigated that benchmark current trends with respect to past, purely natural variability in lake systems. Fostering conceptual and methodological bridges with other environmental disciplines will upturn contribution of remote lake palaeolimnology in solving existing and emerging questions in global change science and planetary stewardship.
DA  - 2013/03/01/
PY  - 2013
DO  - 10.1007/s10933-013-9681-2
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
SP  - 513
EP  - 535
LA  - en
SN  - 0921-2728, 1573-0417
ST  - Global change revealed by palaeolimnological records from remote lakes
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10933-013-9681-2
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:27:40
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Physical Geography
KW  - Freshwater & Marine Ecology
KW  - Sedimentology
KW  - Acidification
KW  - Alpine lakes
KW  - Arctic lakes
KW  - geology
KW  - High altitude
KW  - High latitude
KW  - Long-range atmospheric pollution
KW  - Nitrogen cascade
KW  - Paleontology
KW  - Remote lake palaeolimnology
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Krankheiten der Wald-und Parkbäume. Diagnose-Biologie-Bekämpfung.
AU  - Butin, H.
CY  - Stuttgart, New York
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
ET  - 4., neubearbeitete Auflage
SP  - 318
PB  - Thieme
SN  - 3-8001-7636-X 978-3-8001-7636-6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Linking climate variability to mushroom productivity and phenology
AU  - Büntgen, Ulf
AU  - Kauserud, Håvard
AU  - Egli, Simon
T2  - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
AB  - Climate change affects ecological systems across various spatiotemporal scales and disrupts the life cycles of resident organisms. Little is known about the environmental drivers of mushroom productivity and phenology, partially because the life cycle of fungi is mostly belowground. Here, we present results from a field survey, in which a total of 65 631 unique individual mycorrhizal mushrooms – representing 273 species – were recorded during weekly intervals from 1975 to 2006 in a nature reserve in Switzerland. The average annual number of observed mushrooms increased from 1313 (pre-1991) to 2730 (1991 and thereafter), while average fruiting time during the latter period was delayed by 10 days as compared with that of the former. Precipitation amounts and temperature means determined fungal activity. Reconstructed intra-annual timing of mushroom fruiting for the 20th century paralleled contemporary Swiss wine harvest dates, providing independent evidence of climate-induced ecosystem change. Enhanced growth conditions and extended growing seasons appear beneficial to fungi from both a socioeconomic and an ecological perspective, because most vascular plants interact with mycorrhizal fungi to generate biomass.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1890/110064
DP  - ESA Journals
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
SP  - 14
EP  - 19
J2  - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
SN  - 1540-9295
UR  - http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/110064
Y2  - 2013/09/02/14:57:10
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change and outbreaks of amphibian chytridiomycosis in a montane area of Central Spain; is there a link?
AU  - Bosch, Jaime
AU  - Carrascal, Luís M.
AU  - Durán, Luis
AU  - Walker, Susan
AU  - Fisher, Matthew C.
T2  - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
AB  - Amphibian species are declining at an alarming rate on a global scale in large part owing to an infectious disease caused by the chytridiomycete fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. This disease of amphibians has recently emerged within Europe, but knowledge of its effects on amphibian assemblages remains poor. Importantly, little is known about the environmental envelope that is associated with chytridiomycosis in Europe and the potential for climate change to drive future disease dynamics. Here, we use long-term observations on amphibian population dynamics in the Peñalara Natural Park, Spain, to investigate the link between climate change and chytridiomycosis. Our analysis shows a significant association between change in local climatic variables and the occurrence of chytridiomycosis within this region. Specifically, we show that rising temperature is linked to the occurrence of chytrid-related disease, consistent with the chytrid-thermal-optimum hypothesis. We show that these local variables are driven by general circulation patterns, principally the North Atlantic Oscillation. Given that B. dendrobatidis is known to be broadly distributed across Europe, there is now an urgent need to assess the generality of our finding and determine whether climate-driven epidemics may be expected to impact on amphibian species across the wider region.
DA  - 2007/01/22/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1098/rspb.2006.3713
DP  - rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org
VL  - 274
IS  - 1607
SP  - 253
EP  - 260
LA  - en
SN  - 0962-8452, 1471-2954
UR  - http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/274/1607/253
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:31:50
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - chytridiomycosis
KW  - amphibian declines
KW  - Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
KW  - climate-change
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Taxonomic and biological trait differences of stream macroinvertebrate communities between mediterranean and temperate regions: implications for future climatic scenarios
AU  - Bonada, NúRia
AU  - Dolédec, Sylvain
AU  - Statzner, Bernhard
T2  - Global Change Biology
DA  - 2007/08//
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01375.x
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 13
IS  - 8
SP  - 1658
EP  - 1671
SN  - 1354-1013, 1365-2486
ST  - Taxonomic and biological trait differences of stream macroinvertebrate communities between mediterranean and temperate regions
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01375.x
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:30:42
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Direct and indirect effects of climate change on amphibian populations
AU  - Blaustein, Andrew R.
AU  - Walls, Susan C.
AU  - Bancroft, Betsy A.
AU  - Lawler, Joshua J.
AU  - Searle, Catherine L.
AU  - Gervasi, Stephanie S.
T2  - Diversity
DA  - 2010/02/25/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.3390/d2020281
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
SP  - 281
EP  - 313
SN  - 1424-2818
UR  - http://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/2/2/281/
Y2  - 2013/09/03/16:29:37
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Iberian Peninsula as a potential source for the plant species pool in Germany under projected climate change
AU  - Bergmann, Jessica
AU  - Pompe, Sven
AU  - Ohlemüller, Ralf
AU  - Freiberg, Martin
AU  - Klotz, Stefan
AU  - Kühn, Ingolf
T2  - Plant Ecology
AB  - The application of niche-based modelling techniques to plant species has not been explored for the majority of taxa in Europe, primarily due to the lack of adequate distributional data. However, it is of crucial importance for conservation adaptation decisions to assess and quantify the likely pool of species capable of colonising a particular region under altered future climate conditions. We here present a novel method that combines the species pool concept and information about shifts in analogous multidimensional climate space. This allows us to identify regions in Europe with a current climate which is similar to that projected for future time periods in Germany. We compared the extent and spatial location of climatically analogous European regions for three projected greenhouse gas emission scenarios in Germany for the time period 2071–2080 (+2.4°C, +3.3°C, +4.5°C average increase in mean annual temperature) to those of the recent past in Europe (1961–90). Across all three scenarios, European land areas which are characterised by climatic conditions analogue to those found in Germany decreased from 14% in 1961–1990 to ca. 10% in 2071–2080. All scenarios show disappearing current climate types in Germany, which can mainly be explained with a general northwards shift of climatically analogous regions. We estimated the size of the potential species pool of these analogous regions using floristic inventory data for the Iberian Peninsula as 2,354 plant species. The identified species pool in Germany indicates a change towards warmth and drought adapted southern species. About one-third of the species from the Iberian analogous regions are currently already present in Germany. Depending on the scenario used, 1,372 (+2.4°C average change of mean annual temperature), 1,399 (+3.3°C) and 1,444 (+4.5°C) species currently not found in Germany, occur in Iberian regions which are climatically analogous to German 2071–80 climate types. We believe that our study presents a useful approach to illustrate and quantify the potential size and spatial distribution of a pool of species potentially colonising new areas under changing climatic conditions.
DA  - 2010/04/01/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1007/s11258-009-9664-6
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 207
IS  - 2
SP  - 191
EP  - 201
LA  - en
SN  - 1385-0237, 1573-5052
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11258-009-9664-6
Y2  - 2013/10/21/08:34:05
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - Climate scenarios
KW  - distribution
KW  - Analogous climates
KW  - Flora
KW  - Species pool theory
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Plant litter: decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration
AU  - Berg, Björn
AU  - McClaugherty, Charles
CN  - QH541.5.S6 B47 2008
CY  - Berlin
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
ET  - 2nd. ed
SP  - 338
PB  - Springer
SN  - 978-3-540-74922-6
N1  - Previous ed.: 2003
KW  - Humus
KW  - Plant litter
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Auswirkungen von Trockenheit und Hitze auf den Waldzustand in Deutschland – waldwachstumskundliche Ergebnisse der Studie im Auftrag des BMEL
AU  - Beck, Wolfgang
DA  - 2010/05/17/
PY  - 2010
SP  - 56
EP  - 65
M3  - Jahrestagung 2010
PB  - DVFFA - Deutscher Verband Forstlicher Forschungsanstalten. Sektion Ertragskunde.
UR  - http://sektionertragskunde.fvabw.de/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Bryology for the Twenty-first Century
A3  - Bates, Jeffrey W.
A3  - Ashton, Neil W.
A3  - Duckett, Jeffrey G.
CY  - Leeds
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 369
PB  - Maney Publishing
SN  - 978 0 901286 90 1
UR  - http://maneypublishing.com/index.php/books/bryology/
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Mineral nutrition, substratum ecology, and pollution
AU  - Bates, J. W.
T2  - Bryophyte Biology
A2  - Shaw, Jonathan A.
C2  - Goffinet, Bernard
CY  - Cambridge, New York
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Google Scholar
ET  - 2
VL  - 248
PB  - Cambridge University Press
SN  - 978-0-521-69322-6
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706720/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Emerging Vibrio risk at high latitudes in response to ocean warming
AU  - Baker-Austin, Craig
AU  - Trinanes, Joaquin A.
AU  - Taylor, Nick G. H.
AU  - Hartnell, Rachel
AU  - Siitonen, Anja
AU  - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime
T2  - Nature Climate Change
AB  - There is increasing concern regarding the role of climate change in driving bacterial waterborne infectious diseases. Here we illustrate associations between environmental changes observed in the Baltic area and the recent emergence of Vibrio infections and also forecast future scenarios of the risk of infections in correspondence with predicted warming trends. Using multidecadal long-term sea surface temperature data sets we found that the Baltic Sea is warming at an unprecedented rate. Sea surface temperature trends (1982–2010) indicate a warming pattern of 0.063–0.078 °C yr−1 (6.3–7.8 °C per century; refs 1, 2), with recent peak temperatures unequalled in the history of instrumented measurements for this region. These warming patterns have coincided with the unexpected emergence of Vibrio infections in northern Europe, many clustered around the Baltic Sea area. The number and distribution of cases correspond closely with the temporal and spatial peaks in sea surface temperatures. This is among the first empirical evidence that anthropogenic climate change is driving the emergence of Vibrio disease in temperate regions through its impact on resident bacterial communities, implying that this process is reshaping the distribution of infectious diseases across global scales.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1038/nclimate1628
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
SP  - 73
EP  - 77
LA  - en
SN  - 1758-678X
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v3/n1/full/nclimate1628.html
Y2  - 2013/09/02/12:50:00
KW  - Oceanography
KW  - biology
KW  - Health
KW  - Impacts
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Recent Increases in Summit Flora Caused by Warming in the Alps
AU  - Bahn, M.
AU  - Körner, C.
T2  - Alpine Biodiversity in Europe
A2  - Nagy, Dr Laszlo
A2  - Grabherr, Georg.
A2  - Körner, Christian
A2  - Thompson, Desmond
T3  - Ecological Studies
AB  - Plant species richness increased on many high-altitude mountain summits during the twentieth century. This has resulted from an up-slope migration of species, which has been attributed to climate warming (Braun-Blanquet 1957; Hofer 1992; Gottfried et al. 1994; Grabherr et al. 1994, 1995; Pauli et al. 1996; Chaps. 24 and 29). In 1986, Mount Glungezer, a high alpine summit in the Austrian Central Alps, was found to host 83 vascular plant species, a remarkably high number in an area of 4000 m2 (Bahn and Körner 1987). The present study reports a recent re-recording of the site by the same authors after the warmest period on record in the Alps. The aim of the study was to assess if an upward migration of plant species had taken place and if any changes in species composition and abundance occurred between 1986 and 1999–2000 within the different plant communities.
DA  - 2003/01/01/
PY  - 2003
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 167
SP  - 437
EP  - 441
LA  - en
PB  - Springer Berlin Heidelberg
SN  - 978-3-642-62387-5 978-3-642-18967-8
UR  - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-18967-8_27
Y2  - 2013/09/04/07:26:53
KW  - Plant Sciences
KW  - Nature Conservation
KW  - Animal Ecology
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - Plant Ecology
KW  - Zoology
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Europe within and beyond its natural range
AU  - Spiecker, H.
T2  - Forest ecosystem restoration. Proceedings of the conference held in Vienna, Austria 10.-12. April 2000
A2  - Hasenauer, Hubert
DA  - 2000///
PY  - 2000
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Auswirkungen von Klimaänderungen auf die Fischfauna
AU  - Schmutz, Stefan
T2  - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die österreichische Wasserwirtschaft
A2  - Böhm, R.
A2  - Godina, R.
A2  - Nachtnebel, H.P.
A2  - Pirker, Otto
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
SP  - 177
EP  - 186
PB  - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft BMLFUW
UR  - http://www.bmlfuw.gv.at/publikationen/wasser/hydrographischer_dienst/auswirkungen_des_klimawandels_auf_die_oesterreichische_wasserwirtschaft.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Tolerance to shade, drought and waterlogging of temperate northern hemisphere trees and shrubs
AU  - Niinemets, Ülo
AU  - Valladares, Fernando
T2  - Ecological Monographs
AB  - Lack of information on ecological characteristics of species across different continents hinders development of general world-scale quantitative vegetation dynamic models. We constructed common scales of shade, drought, and waterlogging tolerance for 806 North American, European/West Asian, and East Asian temperate shrubs and trees representing about 40% of the extant natural Northern Hemisphere species pool. These scales were used to test the hypotheses that shade tolerance is negatively related to drought and waterlogging tolerances, and that these correlations vary among continents and plant functional types. We observed significant negative correlations among shade and drought tolerance rankings for all data pooled, and separately for every continent and plant functional type, except for evergreen angiosperms. Another significant trade-off was found for drought and waterlogging tolerance for all continents, and for evergreen and deciduous angiosperms, but not for gymnosperms. For all data pooled, for Europe and East Asia, and for evergreen and deciduous angiosperms, shade tolerance was also negatively associated with waterlogging tolerance. Quantile regressions revealed that the negative relationship between shade and drought tolerance was significant for species growing in deep to moderate shade and that the negative relationship between shade and waterlogging tolerance was significant for species growing in moderate shade to high light, explaining why all relationships between different tolerances were negative according to general regression analyses. Phylogenetic signal in the tolerance to any one of the three environmental factors studied was significant but low, with only 21–24% of cladogram nodes exhibiting significant conservatism. The inverse relationships between different tolerances were significant in phylogenetically independent analyses both for the overall pool of species and for two multispecies genera (Pinus and Quercus) for which reliable molecular phylogenies were available. Only 2.6–10.3% of the species were relatively tolerant to two environmental stresses simultaneously (tolerance value ≥3), and only three species were tolerant to all three stresses, supporting the existence of functional trade-offs in adjusting to multiple environmental limitations. These trade-offs represent a constraint for niche differentiation, reducing the diversity of plant responses to the many combinations of irradiance and water supply that are found in natural ecosystems.
DA  - 2006/11/01/
PY  - 2006
DO  - 10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0521:TTSDAW]2.0.CO;2
DP  - esajournals.org (Atypon)
VL  - 76
IS  - 4
SP  - 521
EP  - 547
J2  - Ecological Monographs
SN  - 0012-9615
UR  - http://www.esajournals.org/doi/full/10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076%5B0521:TTSDAW%5D2.0.CO;2
Y2  - 2014/06/14/10:35:38
KW  - phylogeny
KW  - drought tolerance
KW  - functional plant type
KW  - intercontinental comparisons
KW  - shade tolerance
KW  - trade-offs
KW  - waterlogging tolerance
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Climate Change 2007 - The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC
AU  - IPCC
A3  - Solomon, Susan
A3  - Quin, D.
A3  - Manning, M.
A3  - Chen, Z.
A3  - Marquis, M.
A3  - Averyt, K.B.
A3  - Tignor, M.
A3  - Miller, H.L.
AB  - The Climate Change 2007 volumes of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provide the most comprehensive and balanced assessment of climate change available. This IPCC Working Group I report brings us completely up-to-date on the full range of scientific aspects of climate change. Written by the world's leading experts, the IPCC volumes will again prove to be invaluable for researchers, students, and policymakers, and will form the standard reference works for policy decisions for government and industry worldwide.
CY  - Cambridge, UK; New York, USA
DA  - 2007/09/10/
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 714
LA  - en
PB  - Cambridge University Press
SN  - 978-0-521-70596-7
ST  - Climate Change 2007 - The Physical Science Basis
L2  - http://books.google.at/books?id=8-m8nXB8GB4C
KW  - Science / Environmental Science
KW  - Science / Earth Sciences / Meteorology & Climatology
KW  - Business & Economics / Economics / General
KW  - Political Science / General
KW  - Technology & Engineering / Environmental / General
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Modeling the establishment potential of Scaphoideus titanus, vector of Grapevine Flavescence doree phytoplasma, in Europe by using the CLIMEX model.
AU  - Strauss, G.
AU  - Steffek, R.
AU  - Reisenzein, H.
AU  - Schwarz, M.
T2  - 7th European Conference on Biological Invasions. Halting Biological Invasions in Europe: from Data to Decisions
C1  - Pontevedra, Spain
C3  - NEOBIOTA 2012 Book of Abstracts. 7th European Conference on Invasive Alien Species
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
SP  - 105
EP  - 106
PB  - GEIB Grupo Especialista en Invasiones Biológicas
UR  - https://sites.google.com/site/eei2012neobiota2012/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Modeling climate change and biophysical impacts of crop production in the Austrian Marchfeld Region
AU  - Strauß, Franziska
AU  - Schmid, Erwin
AU  - Moltchanova, Elena
AU  - Formayer, Herbert
AU  - Wang, Xiuying
T2  - Climatic Change
AB  - Climate change affects major biophysical processes in agricultural crop production (e.g. evaporation of plants and soils, nutrient cycles, and growth of plants). This analysis aims to assess some of these effects by simulating regional climate projections that are integrated in the biophysical process model EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate). Statistical climate models have been developed for six weather parameters based on daily weather records of a weather station in the Austrian Marchfeld region from 1975 to 2006. These models have been used to estimate daily weather parameters for the period 2007–2038. The resulting projections have been compared to climate scenarios provided from the TYNDALL Centre for Climate Change Research, which are based on General Circulation Models (GCMs). The comparison indicates some differences, namely a smaller temperature increase and a higher precipitation amount in the TYNDALL data. Both climate datasets have been used to simulate impacts of climate change on crop yields, topsoil organic carbon content, and nitrate leaching with EPIC and thus to perform a sensitivity analysis of EPIC. Yield impacts have been assessed for four simulated crops, i.e. 6.2 t/ha for winter wheat for statistical climate projections compared to 5.7 t/ha for TYNDALL scenarios, 10.6 t/ha for corn compared to 10.5 t/ha, 3.9 t/ha for sunflower compared to 3.7 t/ha, and 4.5 t/ha for spring barley compared to 4.3 t/ha—all values as an average over the period 2007–2038. Smaller differences have been simulated for topsoil organic carbon content i.e. 55.1 t/ha for the statistical climate projections compared to 55.3 t/ha for the TYNDALL scenarios and nitrate leaching i.e. 7.1 kg/ha compared to 11.1 kg/ha. All crop yields as well as topsoil organic carbon content and nitrate leaching show highest sensitivity to temperature and solar radiation.
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s10584-011-0171-0
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 111
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 641
EP  - 664
J2  - Climatic Change
LA  - en
SN  - 0165-0009, 1573-1480
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-011-0171-0
Y2  - 2014/06/14/11:48:10
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Transfer processes in animal coats. III. Water vapour diffusion
AU  - Cena, K.
AU  - Monteith, J. L.
T2  - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences
DA  - 1975c
PY  - 1975c
DO  - 10.1098/rspb.1975.0028
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 188
IS  - 1093
SP  - 413
EP  - 423
UR  - http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/188/1093/413.short
Y2  - 2013/09/03/09:58:27
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Transfer processes in animal coats. I. Radiative transfer
AU  - Cena, K.
AU  - Monteith, J. L.
T2  - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences
DA  - 1975a
PY  - 1975a
DO  - 10.1098/rspb.1975.0026
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 188
IS  - 1093
SP  - 377
EP  - 393
UR  - http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/188/1093/377.short
Y2  - 2013/09/03/09:57:33
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Transfer processes in animal coats. II. Conduction and convection
AU  - Cena, K.
AU  - Monteith, J. L.
T2  - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences
DA  - 1975b
PY  - 1975b
DO  - 10.1098/rspb.1975.0027
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 188
IS  - 1093
SP  - 395
EP  - 411
UR  - http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/188/1093/395.short
Y2  - 2013/09/03/09:58:02
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Ecosystems and Human Well-being: General Synthesis
AU  - MEA
CY  - Washington, DC.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
SP  - 155
LA  - English
PB  - Island Press
UR  - http://www.unep.org/maweb/en/Synthesis.aspx
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Rote Liste der Fische (Pisces) Österreichs
AU  - Wolfram, G.
AU  - Mikschi, E.
T2  - Rote Listen gefährdeter Tiere Österreichs: Kriechtiere, Lurche, Fische, Nachtfalter, Weichtiere
A2  - Gollmann, G.
A2  - Mikschi, E.
A2  - Wolfram, G.
A2  - Huemer, P.
A2  - Reischütz, W.
T3  - Grüne Reihe des BMLFUW
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
SP  - 61
EP  - 198
PB  - Böhlau Verlag Wien
ST  - Rote Liste der Fische (Pisces) Österreichs.–Bundesministerium für Land-und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft (Hrsg.)
UR  - http://www.lebensministerium.at/umwelt/natur-artenschutz/projekte_natur_artenschutz/gruene_reihe.html
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Szenarien für die Grünlandwirtschaft und den Futterbau nach Trockenjahren
AU  - Zarzer, K.
T2  - ALVA Jahrestagung
A2  - Toifl, Claudia
C3  - Klimawandel: Auswirkungen auf Umwelt und Agrarproduktion
DA  - 2004/05/17/19
PY  - 2004
DP  - Google Books
SP  - 162
EP  - 165
LA  - de
PB  - Österr. Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit
SN  - 1606-612X
ST  - Klimawandel
UR  - http://www.alva.at/images/Publikationen/Tagungsband/TAGUNGSBERICHT_2004.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/17/
L2  - http://books.google.com.my/books?id=Vz-qtgAACAAJ
L2  - http://books.google.com.my/books?id=Vz-qtgAACAAJ
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rote Liste der Moose Niederösterreichs
AU  - Zechmeister, H.G
AU  - Hagel, H.
AU  - Gendo, A.
AU  - Osvaldik, V.
AU  - Schröck, C.
AU  - Prinz, M.
AU  - Köckinger, H.
T2  - Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus dem Niderösterreichischen Landesmuseum. in Druck.
A2  - Amt der Niederösterr. Landesregierung
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
VL  - 24
UR  - http://www.landesmuseum.at/datenbanken/digilit/?serienr=2343
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Assessing airborne pollution effects on bryophytes–lessons learned through long-term integrated monitoring in Austria
AU  - Zechmeister, H. G.
AU  - Dirnböck, T.
AU  - Hülber, K.
AU  - Mirtl, M.
T2  - Environmental Pollution
DA  - 2007a
PY  - 2007a
DO  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.09.008
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 147
IS  - 3
SP  - 696
EP  - 705
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749106005409
Y2  - 2013/09/03/09:20:39
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Spatial distribution patterns of Rhynchostegium megapolitanum at the landscape scale-an expanding species?
AU  - Zechmeister, Harald G.
AU  - Moser, Dietmar
AU  - Milasowszky, Norbert
T2  - Applied Vegetation Science
DA  - 2007b
PY  - 2007b
DO  - 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2007.tb00509.x
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
SP  - 111
EP  - 120
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1654-109X.2007.tb00509.x/full
Y2  - 2013/09/03/09:25:05
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.
AU  - Woese, C. R.
AU  - Kandler, O.
AU  - Wheelis, M. L.
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB  - Molecular structures and sequences are generally more revealing of evolutionary relationships than are classical phenotypes (particularly so among microorganisms). Consequently, the basis for the definition of taxa has progressively shifted from the organismal to the cellular to the molecular level. Molecular comparisons show that life on this planet divides into three primary groupings, commonly known as the eubacteria, the archaebacteria, and the eukaryotes. The three are very dissimilar, the differences that separate them being of a more profound nature than the differences that separate typical kingdoms, such as animals and plants. Unfortunately, neither of the conventionally accepted views of the natural relationships among living systems--i.e., the five-kingdom taxonomy or the eukaryote-prokaryote dichotomy--reflects this primary tripartite division of the living world. To remedy this situation we propose that a formal system of organisms be established in which above the level of kingdom there exists a new taxon called a "domain." Life on this planet would then be seen as comprising three domains, the Bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eucarya, each containing two or more kingdoms. (The Eucarya, for example, contain Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and a number of others yet to be defined). Although taxonomic structure within the Bacteria and Eucarya is not treated herein, Archaea is formally subdivided into the two kingdoms Euryarchaeota (encompassing the methanogens and their phenotypically diverse relatives) and Crenarchaeota (comprising the relatively tight clustering of extremely thermophilic archaebacteria, whose general phenotype appears to resemble most the ancestral phenotype of the Archaea.
DA  - 1990/06/01/
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576
DP  - www.pnas.org
VL  - 87
IS  - 12
SP  - 4576
EP  - 4579
LA  - en
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
ST  - Towards a natural system of organisms
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/87/12/4576
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:18:56
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The oldest monitoring site of the Alps revisited: accelerated increase in plant species richness on Piz Linard summit since 1835
AU  - Wipf, Sonja
AU  - Stöckli, Veronika
AU  - Herz, Kristina
AU  - Rixen, Christian
T2  - Plant Ecology & Diversity
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1080/17550874.2013.764943
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 6
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 447
EP  - 455
ST  - The oldest monitoring site of the Alps revisited
UR  - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17550874.2013.764943
Y2  - 2013/09/04/12:17:55
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Gebietsfremde Fische in Deutschland und Österreich und mögliche Auswirkungen des Klimawandels: Ergebnisse aus dem F+E-Vorhaben FKZ 806 82 330
AU  - Wiesner, Christian
AU  - Wolter, Christian
AU  - Rabitsch, Wolfgang
AU  - Nehring, Stefan
T2  - BfN-Skripten
CY  - Bonn
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Open WorldCat
VL  - 279
SP  - 196
LA  - German
PB  - Bundesamt für Naturschutz
SN  - 978-3-89624-014-9 3-89624-014-5
ST  - Gebietsfremde Fische in Deutschland und Österreich und mögliche Auswirkungen des Klimawandels
UR  - http://www.bfn.de/fileadmin/MDB/documents/service/skript_279.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/09/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Schutzwaldmanagement in den Alpen-eine Übersicht. Management of protection forests in the Alps-an overview
AU  - Wehrli, André
AU  - Brang, Peter
AU  - Maier, Bernhard
AU  - Duc, Philippe
AU  - Binder, Franz
AU  - Lingua, Emanuele
AU  - Ziegner, Kurt
AU  - Kleemayr, Karl
AU  - Dorren, Luuk
T2  - Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 158
IS  - 6
SP  - 142
EP  - 156
UR  - http://szf-jfs.org/doi/abs/10.3188/szf.2007.0142
Y2  - 2013/09/04/13:54:45
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Moore und Klimawandel. Viele Moore sitzen bereits heute auf dem Trockenen - steigende Temperaturen sind ihr Hauptfeind
AU  - Walentowski, Helge
AU  - Lotsch, Heike
AU  - Meier-Uhlherr, Ron
T2  - Wald-Wissen-Praxis. LWF-aktuell. Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft
T3  - 15. Jahrgang
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
VL  - 67
IS  - 6
SP  - 44
EP  - 48
SN  - 1435-4098
UR  - http://www.lwf.bayern.de/waldoekologie/naturschutz/aktuell/2009/35188/index.php
Y2  - 2013/11/09/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
AU  - IPCC
A3  - Parry, M.L.
A3  - Canziani, O.F.
A3  - Palutikoff, J.P.
A3  - van der Linden, P.J.
A3  - Hanson, C.E.
CY  - United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
DA  - 2007a
PY  - 2007a
SP  - 976
PB  - Cambridge University Press
UR  - http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_fourth_assessment_report_wg2_report_impacts_adaptation_and_vulnerability.htm
KW  - Science / Earth Sciences / Meteorology & Climatology
KW  - Political Science / Public Policy / Environmental Policy
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being
AU  - Haines-Young, R.
AU  - Potschin, M.
T2  - Ecosystem Ecology: A New Synthesis
A2  - Raffaelli, D. G.
A2  - Frid, Chris
T3  - Ecological reviews
CN  - QH541.2 .E256 2010
CY  - Cambridge; New York
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
SP  - 110
EP  - 139
PB  - Cambridge University Press, British Ecological Society
SN  - 978-0-521-51349-4
N1  - <p>The evolution of ecosystem ecology / David G. Raffaelli and Christopher L.J. Frid -- Linking population, community and ecosystem ecology within mainstream ecology / Andy Fenton and Matthew Spencer -- Thermodynamic approaches to ecosystem behaviour: fundamental principles with case studies from forest succession and management / Paul C. Stoy -- Ecosystem health / Piran C.L. White ... [et al.] -- Interdisciplinarity in ecosystems research: developing social robustness in environmental science / Kevin Edson Jones and Odette A.L. Paramor -- The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being / Roy Haines-Young and Marion Potschin -- Ecosystem ecology and environmental management / Christopher L.J. Frid and David G. Raffaelli</p>
N1  - "What can ecological science contribute to the sustainable management and conservation of the natural systems that underpin human well-being? Bridging the natural, physical and social sciences, this book shows how ecosystem ecology can inform the ecosystem services approach to environmental management. The authors recognise that ecosystems are rich in linkages between biophysical and social elements that generate powerful intrinsic dynamics. Unlike traditional reductionist approaches, the holistic perspective adopted here is able to explain the increasing range of scientific studies that have highlighted unexpected consequences of human activity, such as the lack of recovery of cod populations on the Grand Banks despite nearly two decades of fishery closures, or the degradation of Australia's fertile land through salt intrusion. Written primarily for researchers and graduate students in ecology and environmental management, it provides an accessible discussion of some of the most important aspects of ecosystem ecology and the potential relationships between them"--Provided by publisher
KW  - Research
KW  - Ecosystem management
KW  - Human ecology
KW  - Biotic communities
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Mögliche Auswirkungen der Klimaänderung auf die Fische in Österreichs Flüssen. Welche Anpassungs-erscheinungen zeichnen sich dabei ab?
AU  - Melcher, A.
AU  - Pletterbauer, F.
AU  - Schmutz, Stefan
T2  - Tagungsband des 11. Österreichischer Klimatag, "Klima im Wandel, Auswirkungen und Strategien“ am 11. und 12. März 2010
CY  - Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
PB  - Klimaforschungsinitiative AustroClim
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/fileadmin/user_upload/ppt_11.Klimatag/Tagungsband_upload.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Twenty years of spatially coherent deepwater warming in lakes across Europe related to the North Atlantic Oscillation
AU  - Dokulil, Martin T.
AU  - Jagsch, Albert
AU  - George, Glen D.
AU  - Anneville, Orlane
AU  - Jankowski, Thomas
AU  - Wahl, Bernd
AU  - Lenhart, Brigitte
AU  - Blenckner, Thorsten
AU  - Teubner, Katrin
T2  - Limnology and Oceanography
AB  - Twenty to fifty years of annual mean deepwater (hypolimnetic) temperature data from twelve deep lakes spaced across Europe (2°95'W to 14°0'E, 46°27' to 59°00'N) show a high degree of coherence among lakes, particularly within geographic regions. Hypolimnetic temperatures vary between years but increased consistently in all lakes by about 0.1-0.2°C per decade. The observed increase was related to the weather generated by largescale climatic processes over the Atlantic. To be effective, the climatic signal from the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) must affect deep lakes in spring before the onset of thermal stratification. The most consistent predictor of hypolimnetic temperature is the mean NAO index for January-May (NAOJ-M), which explains 22-63% of the interannual variation in deepwater temperature in 10 of the 12 lakes. The two exceptions are remote, less wind-exposed alpine valley lakes. In four of the deepest lakes, the climate signal fades with depth. The projected hypolimnetic temperature increase of approximately 1°C in 100 yr, obtained using a conservative approach, seems small. Effects on mixing conditions, thermal stability, or the replenishment of oxygen to deep waters result in accumulation of nutrients, which in turn will affect the trophic status and the food web.
DA  - 2006b
PY  - 2006b
DO  - 10.4319/lo.2006.51.6.2787
DP  - cat.inist.fr
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
SP  - 2787
EP  - 2793
LA  - eng
SN  - 0024-3590
UR  - http://aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_51/issue_6/2787.html
Y2  - 2013/09/02/13:34:45
KW  - climate
KW  - Europe
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Austria
KW  - Central Europe
KW  - Autriche
KW  - nutrients
KW  - warming
KW  - Clima
KW  - Climat
KW  - Europa
KW  - Europa central
KW  - Europe Centrale
KW  - Lac
KW  - lacustrine environment
KW  - Lago
KW  - lakes
KW  - Medio lacustre
KW  - Milieu lacustre
KW  - Suisse
KW  - Suiza
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Temperatura
KW  - Température
KW  - Alemania
KW  - Allemagne
KW  - Angleterre
KW  - Atlantic Ocean
KW  - deep-water environment
KW  - Elément nutritif
KW  - England
KW  - Europa del Oeste
KW  - Europe Ouest
KW  - fresh-water environment
KW  - Germany
KW  - Gran Bretaña
KW  - Grande Bretagne
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Inglaterra
KW  - Medio agua dulce
KW  - Mezcla
KW  - Milieu eau douce
KW  - Milieu eau profonde
KW  - Mixage
KW  - mixing
KW  - North Atlantic
KW  - Nutriente
KW  - Océan Atlantique
KW  - Océan Atlantique Nord
KW  - Océano Atlántico
KW  - Océano Atlántico Norte
KW  - Oscilación
KW  - Oscillation
KW  - oscillations
KW  - Réchauffement
KW  - Reino Unido
KW  - Royaume Uni
KW  - Scandinavia
KW  - Scandinavie
KW  - Suecia
KW  - Suède
KW  - Sweden
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Western Europe
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Raumplanung im Klimawandel
AU  - CIPRA International
CY  - Schaan
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
M3  - Ein Hintergrundbericht der CIPRA
PB  - CIPRA International
SN  - compact nr 02/2010
UR  - http://www.cipra.org/de/dossiers/19
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Kriterienkatalog Wasserkraft
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
M3  - Entwurf, Stand 11.4.2011
PB  - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft
UR  - http://www.bmlfuw.gv.at/wasser/wasser-oesterreich/wasserrecht_national/planung/erneuerbareenergie/Kriterienkatalog.html
ER  -