TY - JOUR TI - The Brave New World of Carbon Trading AU - Spash, Clive L. T2 - New Political Economy DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1080/13563460903556049 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 169 EP - 195 J2 - New Political Economy LA - en SN - 1356-3467, 1469-9923 UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13563460903556049 Y2 - 2021/09/29/13:51:31 L1 - files/21613/Spash_2010_The Brave New World of Carbon Trading.pdf KW - SOD ER - TY - BOOK TI - Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action AU - Ostrom, Elinor AB - Congratulations to Elinor Ostrom, Co-Winner of The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2009! The governance of natural resources used by many individuals in common is an issue of increasing concern to policy analysts. Both state control and privatization of resources have been advocated, but neither the state nor the market have been uniformly successful in solving common pool resource problems. After critiquing the foundations of policy analysis as applied to natural resources, Elinor Ostrom here provides a unique body of empirical data to explore conditions under which common pool resource problems have been satisfactorily or unsatisfactorily solved. Dr. Ostrom first describes three models most frequently used as the foundation for recommending state or market solutions. She then outlines theoretical and empirical alternatives to these models in order to illustrate the diversity of possible solutions. In the following chapters she uses institutional analysis to examine different ways--both successful and unsuccessful--of governing the commons. In contrast to the proposition of the tragedy of the commons argument, common pool problems sometimes are solved by voluntary organizations rather than by a coercive state. Among the cases considered are communal tenure in meadows and forests, irrigation communities and other water rights, and fisheries. DA - 1990/11/30/ PY - 1990 DP - Google Books SP - 308 LA - en PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 978-0-521-40599-7 ST - Governing the Commons L2 - https://books.google.de/books?id=4xg6oUobMz4C L2 - https://books.google.at/books?id=4xg6oUobMz4C KW - Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy KW - Political Science / General ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social norms and cooperation in real-life social dilemmas AU - Thøgersen, John T2 - Journal of Economic Psychology AB - The hypothesis, that injunctive and descriptive norms interact positively or synergistically to promote cooperation in social dilemmas, is tested in the context of a survey study focusing on environmentally responsible behaviour. Measurement error and strong and positive correlations between the two types of normative beliefs make it difficult to test the interaction hypothesis. By using structural equation modelling with residual centering, these problems are overcome and the interaction hypothesis is confirmed. The result is stable across three replications spanning a two-year period. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.joep.2007.12.004 DP - APA PsycNET VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 458 EP - 472 SN - 1872-7719(Electronic),0167-4870(Print) L2 - files/22974/2008-10629-006.html KW - Cooperation KW - Social Dilemma KW - Social Norms ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of social and decision sciences in communicating uncertain climate risks AU - Pidgeon T2 - Nature Climate Change DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate1080 Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:28:41 L2 - files/22976/nclimate1080.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - Advancing Conservation by Understanding and Influencing Human Behavior AU - Reddy, Sheila M. W. AU - Montambault, Jensen AU - Masuda, Yuta J. AU - Keenan, Elizabeth AU - Butler, William AU - Fisher, Jonathan R. B. AU - Asah, Stanley T. AU - Gneezy, Ayelet T2 - Conservation Letters AB - Behavioral sciences can advance conservation by systematically identifying behavioral barriers to conservation and how to best overcome them. Behavioral sciences have informed policy in many other realms (e.g., health, savings), but they are a largely untapped resource for conservation. We propose a set of guiding questions for applying behavioral insights to conservation policy. These questions help define the conservation problem as a behavior change problem, understand behavioral mechanisms and identify appropriate approaches for behavior change (awareness, incentives, nudges), and evaluate and adapt approaches based on new behavioral insights. We provide a foundation for the questions by synthesizing a wide range of behavior change models and evidence related to littering, water and energy conservation, and land management. We also discuss the methodology and data needed to answer these questions. We illustrate how these questions have been answered in practice to inform efforts to promote conservation for climate risk reduction. Although more comprehensive research programs to answer these questions are needed, some insights are emerging. Integrating two or more behavior change approaches that target multiple, context-dependent factors may be most successful; however, caution must be taken to avoid approaches that could undermine one another (e.g., economic incentives crowding out intrinsic incentives). DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12252 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 248 EP - 256 LA - en SN - 1755-263X UR - https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/conl.12252 Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:29:30 L1 - files/22964/Reddy et al_2017_Advancing Conservation by Understanding and Influencing Human Behavior.pdf L2 - files/22966/conl.html KW - decision-making KW - behavioral economics KW - Adaptive management KW - awareness KW - behavioral science KW - incentive KW - nudge ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate policy through changing consumption choices: Options and obstacles for reducing greenhouse gas emissions AU - Girod, Bastien AU - van Vuuren, Detlef Peter AU - Hertwich, Edgar G. T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - While national climate policy can address countries’ production or consumption, climate mitigation via changes in consumption has previously received relatively little attention in climate policy literature. In the absence of an effective international climate policy, the focus on consumption is gaining relevance since it has advantages regarding carbon leakage and competitiveness concerns. In addition, consumption oriented climate policy allows for low cost climate mitigation because of behavioral market failures. Therefore, a systematic evaluation of low greenhouse gas consumption options is needed. This article reviews the carbon footprint of products in the five main consumption categories (food, shelter, travel, goods and service) and compares their compatibility with the greenhouse gas intensity required in 2050 to meet the 2° climate target. The evaluation then identifies consumption options compatible with this climate target in all categories. The description of these consumption options allows for the recognition of barriers to their selection. In contrast to production oriented climate policy, besides costs, relevant barriers include consumer preferences, the skills required to find or adopt the product and high initial investments. We conclude that there is substantial climate mitigation potential from changing consumption choices which can be tapped through climate policy by addressing non-cost barriers. DA - 2014/03/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.01.004 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 25 SP - 5 EP - 15 J2 - Global Environmental Change LA - en SN - 0959-3780 ST - Climate policy through changing consumption choices UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378014000077 Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:26:21 L1 - files/22969/Girod et al_2014_Climate policy through changing consumption choices.pdf L2 - files/22975/S0959378014000077.html KW - Sustainable consumption KW - Climate policy KW - Behavioral economics KW - Life-cycle assessment KW - RCP2.6 climate target ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social norms and human cooperation AU - Fehr, Ernst AU - Fischbacher, Urs T2 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences AB - The existence of social norms is one of the big unsolved problems in social cognitive science. Although no other concept is invoked more frequently in the social sciences, we still know little about how social norms are formed, the forces determining their content, and the cognitive and emotional requirements that enable a species to establish and enforce social norms. In recent years, there has been substantial progress, however, on how cooperation norms are enforced. Here we review evidence showing that sanctions are decisive for norm enforcement, and that they are largely driven by non-selfish motives. Moreover, the explicit study of sanctioning behavior provides instruments for measuring social norms and has also led to deeper insights into the proximate and ultimate forces behind human cooperation. DA - 2004/04/01/ PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.tics.2004.02.007 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 185 EP - 190 J2 - Trends in Cognitive Sciences LA - en SN - 1364-6613 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661304000506 Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:25:59 L1 - files/22970/Fehr_Fischbacher_2004_Social norms and human cooperation.pdf L2 - files/22978/S1364661304000506.html ER - TY - BOOK TI - CHAPTER ONE. Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, Future AU - Camerer, Colin F. AU - Loewenstein, George AB - Das Kapitel CHAPTER ONE. Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, Future erschien in Advances in Behavioral Economics auf Seite 3. DA - 2011/12/12/ PY - 2011 DP - www.degruyter.com LA - en PB - Princeton University Press SN - 978-1-4008-2911-8 ST - CHAPTER ONE. Behavioral Economics UR - https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400829118-004/html Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:25:07 L2 - files/22968/html.html ER - TY - BOOK TI - New Perspectives for Environmental Policies Through Behavioral Economics A3 - Beckenbach, Frank A3 - Kahlenborn, Walter CY - Cham DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) LA - en PB - Springer International Publishing SN - 978-3-319-16792-3 978-3-319-16793-0 UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-16793-0 Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:24:03 L1 - files/22972/Beckenbach_Kahlenborn_2016_New Perspectives for Environmental Policies Through Behavioral Economics.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Behavioral Economics and Energy Conservation – A Systematic Review of Non-price Interventions and Their Causal Effects AU - Andor, Mark AU - Fels, Katja Marie T2 - Ecological Economics. Elsevier B.V. DA - 2018//06/ PY - 2018 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.01.018 VL - 148 SP - 178 EP - 210 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180091731039X Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:23:17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Informing Versus Nudging in Environmental Policy AU - Ölander, Folke AU - Thøgersen, John T2 - Journal of Consumer Policy AB - Information has not been proven a very successful means to promote voluntary behaviour change to protect the environment. On this backcloth, there is currently increasing interest in recommendations from behavioural economics focusing on making the choice architecture more facilitating for the desired behaviour. The authors present three studies demonstrating how mental shortcuts, based on subtle cues in the context, unconsciously influence human decision-making, with important consequences for the environment. Two of our own studies illustrate the behavioural impacts of (a) anchoring (the design of the European energy label) and (b) default effect (the framing of a request to participate in the Smart Grid), and data from Göckeritz et al. (Eur J Soc Psych 40:514-523, 2010) are used to illustrate the impacts of (c) herding or descriptive norms (the social context of energy saving). The authors end by pointing at theoretical weaknesses in behavioural economics and calling for research to strengthening the theoretical underpinnings of this approach to behaviour change. DA - 2014/09/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1007/s10603-014-9256-2 DP - Springer Link VL - 37 IS - 3 SP - 341 EP - 356 J2 - J Consum Policy LA - en SN - 1573-0700 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-014-9256-2 Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:28:19 L1 - files/22971/Ölander_Thøgersen_2014_Informing Versus Nudging in Environmental Policy.pdf ER - TY - ELEC TI - Behavioural Insights and Public Policy: Lessons from Around the World AU - OECD AB - OECD's dissemination platform for all published content - books, serials and statistics DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 LA - en M3 - Text ST - Behavioural Insights and Public Policy UR - https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/behavioural-insights-and-public-policy_9789264270480-en Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:27:52 L2 - files/22979/behavioural-insights-and-public-policy_9789264270480-en.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmental Policy Theory Given Bounded Rationality and Other-regarding Preferences AU - Gsottbauer, Elisabeth AU - van den Bergh, Jeroen C. J. M. T2 - Environmental and Resource Economics AB - Established environmental policy theory is based on the assumption of homo economicus. This means that people are seen as fully rational and acting in a self-regarding manner. In line with this, economics emphasizes efficient policy solutions and the associated advantages of price incentives. Behavioral economics offers alternative, more realistic views on individual behavior. In this paper we investigate opportunities to integrate bounded rationality and other-regarding preferences into environmental policy theory to arrive at recommendations for more effective policies. For this purpose, we will address decisions made under risk and uncertainty, intertemporal choice, decision heuristics, other-regarding preferences, heterogeneity, evolutionary selection of behaviors, and the role of happiness. Three aspects of environmental policy are considered in detail, namely sustainable consumption, environmental valuation and policy design. We pay special attention to the role of non-pecuniary, informative instruments and illustrate the implications for climate policy. DA - 2011/06// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1007/s10640-010-9433-y DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 49 IS - 2 SP - 263 EP - 304 J2 - Environ Resource Econ LA - en SN - 0924-6460, 1573-1502 UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10640-010-9433-y Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:27:22 L1 - files/22967/Gsottbauer_van den Bergh_2011_Environmental Policy Theory Given Bounded Rationality and Other-regarding.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Behavioral economics and climate change policy AU - Gowdy, John M. T2 - Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization AB - The policy recommendations of most economists are based on the rational actor model. The emphasis is on achieving efficient allocation by insuring that property rights are completely assigned and that market failures are corrected. This paper takes the position that so-called behavioral “anomalies” are central to human decision-making and, therefore, should be the starting point for effective economic policies. This contention is supported by game theory experiments involving humans and closely related primates. This research suggests that the standard economic approach to climate change policy, with its focus on narrowly rational, self-regarding responses to monetary incentives, is seriously flawed. DA - 2008/12// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.jebo.2008.06.011 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 68 IS - 3-4 SP - 632 EP - 644 J2 - Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization LA - en SN - 01672681 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167268108001364 Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:26:58 L1 - files/22977/Gowdy_2008_Behavioral economics and climate change policy.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The behavioural economics of climate change AU - Brekke, Kjell Arne AU - Johansson-Stenman, Olof T2 - Oxford Review of Economic Policy AB - This paper attempts to bring some central insights from behavioural economics into the economics of climate change. In particular, it discusses (i) implications of prospect theory, the equity premium puzzle, and time-inconsistent preferences in the choice of discount rate used in climate-change cost assessments, and (ii) the implications of various kinds of social preferences for the outcome of climate negotiations. Several reasons are presented for why it appears advisable to choose a substantially lower social discount rate than the average return on investments. It also seems likely that taking social preferences into account increases the possibilities of obtaining international agreements, compared to the standard model. However, there are also effects going in the opposite direction, and the importance of sanctions is emphasized. DA - 2008/07/01/ PY - 2008 DO - 10.1093/oxrep/grn012 DP - Silverchair VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 280 EP - 297 J2 - Oxford Review of Economic Policy SN - 0266-903X UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grn012 Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:24:38 L1 - files/22973/Brekke_Johansson-Stenman_2008_The behavioural economics of climate change.pdf L2 - files/22965/420418.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Leverage of Demographic Dynamics on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Does Age Structure Matter? AU - Zagheni, Emilio T2 - Demography AB - This article provides a methodological contribution to the study of the effect of changes in population age structure on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. First, I propose a generalization of the IPAT equation to a multisector economy with an age-structured population and discuss the insights that can be obtained in the context of stable population theory. Second, I suggest a statistical model of household consumption as a function of household size and age structure to quantitatively evaluate the extent of economies of scale in consumption of energy-intensive goods, and to estimate age-specific profiles of consumption of energy-intensive goods and of CO2 emissions. Third, I offer an illustration of the methodologies using data for the United States. The analysis shows that per-capita CO2 emissions increase with age until the individual is in his or her 60s, and then emissions tend to decrease. Holding everything else constant, the expected change in U.S. population age distribution during the next four decades is likely to have a small, but noticeable, positive impact on CO2 emissions. DA - 2011/02/01/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.1007/s13524-010-0004-1 DP - Springer Link VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 371 EP - 399 J2 - Demography LA - en SN - 1533-7790 ST - The Leverage of Demographic Dynamics on Carbon Dioxide Emissions UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-010-0004-1 Y2 - 2021/11/01/13:40:45 L1 - files/22980/Zagheni_2011_The Leverage of Demographic Dynamics on Carbon Dioxide Emissions.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The carbon footprint of household energy use in the United States AU - Goldstein, Benjamin AU - Gounaridis, Dimitrios AU - Newell, Joshua P. T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences AB - Residential energy use accounts for roughly 20% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States. Using data on 93 million individual households, we estimate these GHGs across the contiguous United States and clarify the respective influence of climate, affluence, energy infrastructure, urban form, and building attributes (age, housing type, heating fuel) in driving these emissions. A ranking by state reveals that GHGs (per unit floor space) are lowest in Western US states and highest in Central states. Wealthier Americans have per capita footprints ∼25% higher than those of lower-income residents, primarily due to larger homes. In especially affluent suburbs, these emissions can be 15 times higher than nearby neighborhoods. If the electrical grid is decarbonized, then the residential housing sector can meet the 28% emission reduction target for 2025 under the Paris Agreement. However, grid decarbonization will be insufficient to meet the 80% emissions reduction target for 2050 due to a growing housing stock and continued use of fossil fuels (natural gas, propane, and fuel oil) in homes. Meeting this target will also require deep energy retrofits and transitioning to distributed low-carbon energy sources, as well as reducing per capita floor space and zoning denser settlement patterns. DA - 2020/08/11/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1922205117 DP - www.pnas.org VL - 117 IS - 32 SP - 19122 EP - 19130 J2 - PNAS LA - en SN - 0027-8424, 1091-6490 UR - https://www.pnas.org/content/117/32/19122 Y2 - 2021/11/01/13:39:27 L1 - files/22982/Goldstein et al_2020_The carbon footprint of household energy use in the United States.pdf L2 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32690718 L2 - files/22983/19122.html KW - climate change KW - cities KW - sustainability KW - built environment KW - energy ER - TY - JOUR TI - Behavioural responses to climate change: Asymmetry of intentions and impacts AU - Whitmarsh, Lorraine T2 - Journal of Environmental Psychology AB - In seeking to determine whether climate change mitigation strategies are effective, researchers and policy-makers typically use energy consumption as an indicator. UK government data show that energy use amongst the public is rising, despite measures to encourage energy conservation. Yet, research to date has not explicitly asked which actions the public are taking with the express intention of mitigating climate change. Using Stern's classification of impact-oriented and intent-oriented behaviour research, the research described in this paper examines both actions taken ‘out of concern for climate change’ and energy conservation practices amongst the UK public. The findings show a clear divergence between actions prescribed by policy-makers (i.e. energy conservation) and those taken by the public to mitigate climate change (e.g., recycling). Furthermore, those who take action to conserve energy generally do so for reasons unconnected to the environment (e.g., to save money). Regression analyses highlight the distinct determinants of these two behavioural categories. These findings imply that surveys using energy reduction as an indicator of public response to climate change falsely assume that these can be equated; consequently, they will provide a distorted picture of behavioural response. Possible reasons for the asymmetry of intentions and impacts, and policy implications, are discussed. DA - 2009/03/01/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.05.003 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 23 J2 - Journal of Environmental Psychology LA - en SN - 0272-4944 ST - Behavioural responses to climate change UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272494408000431 Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:45:02 L1 - files/22994/Whitmarsh_2009_Behavioural responses to climate change.pdf KW - Climate change KW - Recycling KW - Impacts KW - Behaviour KW - Energy conservation KW - Intentions ER - TY - JOUR TI - No glory without sacrifice — drivers of climate (in)action in the general population AU - Thaller, Annina AU - Fleiß, Eva AU - Brudermann, Thomas T2 - Environmental Science & Policy AB - This study addresses climate-friendly behaviors in three different domains, namely, conservation behavior, social climate protection, and climate citizenship. We tested the effect of psycho-social, cognitive, and socio-demographic factors on different climate-friendly behaviors on a quota sample of Austrian citizens (n = 499). All types of factors investigated were found to influence at least one type of behavior; most of the effects however were small or moderate. The willingness to sacrifice existing conveniences turned out to be the most important predictor for all three types of climate-friendly behaviors. Increasing age was positively associated with climate-friendlier behaviors. Gender showed reverse effects for conservation behavior and climate citizenship, i.e. female participants perform better with regards to conservation behavior, and male participants with regards to climate citizenship. As the most relevant predictors for climate-friendliness cannot be directly targeted by policy measures, it is proposed that behavioral policies aim at establishing suitable circumstances in order for climate-friendly behaviors to thrive rather than hoping for individual behavior changes as a result of growing concern, awareness, or improved knowledge. DA - 2020/12/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.07.014 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 114 SP - 7 EP - 13 J2 - Environmental Science & Policy LA - en SN - 1462-9011 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901120303828 Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:40:18 L1 - files/22995/Thaller et al_2020_No glory without sacrifice — drivers of climate (in)action in the general.pdf L2 - files/22987/S1462901120303828.html KW - Attitude-behavior gap KW - Climate action KW - Climate friendly behavior KW - Knowledge-action gap ER - TY - JOUR TI - Simple and Painless? The Limitations of Spillover in Environmental Campaigning AU - Thøgersen, John AU - Crompton, Tom T2 - Journal of Consumer Policy AB - The comfortable perception that global environmental challenges can be met through marginal lifestyle changes no longer bears scrutiny. The cumulative impact of large numbers of individuals making marginal improvements in their environmental impact will be a marginal collective improvement in environmental impact. Yet, we live at a time when we need urgent and ambitious changes. An appeal to environmental imperatives is more likely to lead to spillover into other pro-environmental behaviours than an appeal to financial self-interest or social status. DA - 2009/06/01/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.1007/s10603-009-9101-1 DP - Springer Link VL - 32 IS - 2 SP - 141 EP - 163 J2 - J Consum Policy LA - en SN - 1573-0700 ST - Simple and Painless? UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-009-9101-1 Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:44:57 L1 - files/22986/Thøgersen_Crompton_2009_Simple and Painless.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Life Events as Windows of Opportunity for Changing Towards Sustainable Consumption Patterns? AU - Schäfer, Martina AU - Jaeger-Erben, Melanie AU - Bamberg, Sebastian T2 - Journal of Consumer Policy AB - Strategies for motivating households towards sustainable consumption are confronted with the challenge of addressing seldom-reflected-upon routines, which cannot easily be changed. We investigate whether life-course transitions can serve as starting point for sustainable consumption interventions, assuming that during such transitions people already need to adapt their behavioural routines and are thus more receptive to interventions. The effects of two different campaigns (information mailing and personal consultation) were evaluated for people experiencing two different kinds of life events (childbirth and relocation). The experimental study found that the consultation campaign had significant effects on sustainable consumption concerning some of the focussed on behaviours, but did not have greater effects on the life-events groups. Mailing of information did not result in significant behavioural changes. To get a clearer picture about the impact of life-course transitions on everyday routines and susceptibility to interventions, additional qualitative interviews were carried out. The results indicate that everyday routines and consumption patterns change during life-course transitions, but with heterogeneous results regarding sustainability. The interviews revealed that the preparation phase preceding life events and a rather short period after them are decisive for changes in routine. Tentative explanations for the low impact of the consultation campaign on the persons in life-course transition are that the campaign addressed the target groups too late and that its design was not specifically adapted to these target groups. DA - 2012/03/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1007/s10603-011-9181-6 DP - Springer Link VL - 35 IS - 1 SP - 65 EP - 84 J2 - J Consum Policy LA - en SN - 1573-0700 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-011-9181-6 Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:39:02 L1 - files/22991/Schäfer et al_2012_Life Events as Windows of Opportunity for Changing Towards Sustainable.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Habits, Rituals, and the Evaluative Brain AU - Graybiel, Ann M. T2 - Annual Review of Neuroscience AB - Scientists in many different fields have been attracted to the study of habits because of the power habits have over behavior and because they invoke a dichotomy between the conscious, voluntary control over behavior, considered the essence of higher-order deliberative behavioral control, and lower-order behavioral control that is scarcely available to consciousness. A broad spectrum of behavioral routines and rituals can become habitual and stereotyped through learning. Others have a strong innate basis. Repetitive behaviors can also appear as cardinal symptoms in a broad range of neurological and neuropsychiatric illness and in addictive states. This review suggests that many of these behaviors could emerge as a result of experience-dependent plasticity in basal ganglia–based circuits that can influence not only overt behaviors but also cognitive activity. Culturally based rituals may reflect privileged interactions between the basal ganglia and cortically based circuits that influence social, emotional, and action functions of the brain. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112851 DP - Annual Reviews VL - 31 IS - 1 SP - 359 EP - 387 UR - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112851 Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:44:20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Psychological research and global climate change AU - Clayton, Susan AU - Devine-Wright, Patrick AU - Stern, Paul C. AU - Whitmarsh, Lorraine AU - Carrico, Amanda AU - Steg, Linda AU - Swim, Janet AU - Bonnes, Mirilia T2 - Nature Climate Change AB - Policies aimed at mitigating climate change, adapting to it and minimizing its impacts must take into account human behaviours and motivations. Psychology can therefore inform efforts to address climate change, but further research is required. DA - 2015/07// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1038/nclimate2622 DP - www.nature.com VL - 5 IS - 7 SP - 640 EP - 646 LA - en SN - 1758-6798 UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2622 Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:44:06 L1 - files/22993/Clayton et al_2015_Psychological research and global climate change.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Efficacy of behavioural interventions for transport behaviour change: systematic review, meta-analysis and intervention coding AU - Arnott, Bronia AU - Rehackova, Lucia AU - Errington, Linda AU - Sniehotta, Falko F. AU - Roberts, Jennifer AU - Araujo-Soares, Vera T2 - International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity AB - Reducing reliance on motorised transport and increasing use of more physically active modes of travel may offer an opportunity to address physical inactivity. This review evaluates the evidence for the effects of behavioural interventions to reduce car use for journeys made by adults and codes intervention development and content. DA - 2014/11/28/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1186/s12966-014-0133-9 DP - BioMed Central VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 133 J2 - International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity SN - 1479-5868 ST - Efficacy of behavioural interventions for transport behaviour change UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-014-0133-9 Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:43:56 L1 - files/22989/Arnott et al_2014_Efficacy of behavioural interventions for transport behaviour change.pdf KW - Active Travel KW - Behaviour Change Technique KW - Behavioural Intervention KW - Sedentary Behaviour KW - Travel Behaviour ER - TY - JOUR TI - The theory of planned behavior AU - Ajzen, Icek T2 - Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes T3 - Theories of Cognitive Self-Regulation AB - Research dealing with various aspects of the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, Ajzen, 1987) is reviewed, and some unresolved issues are discussed. In broad terms, the theory is found to be well supported by empirical evidence. Intentions to perform behaviors of different kinds can be predicted with high accuracy from attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; and these intentions, together with perceptions of behavioral control, account for considerable variance in actual behavior. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are shown to be related to appropriate sets of salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about the behavior, but the exact nature of these relations is still uncertain. Expectancy-value formulations are found to be only partly successful in dealing with these relations. Optimal rescaling of expectancy and value measures is offered as a means of dealing with measurement limitations. Finally, inclusion of past behavior in the prediction equation is shown to provide a means of testing the theory's sufficiency, another issue that remains unresolved. The limited available evidence concerning this question shows that the theory is predicting behavior quite well in comparison to the ceiling imposed by behavioral reliability. DA - 1991/12/01/ PY - 1991 DO - 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T DP - ScienceDirect VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 179 EP - 211 J2 - Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes LA - en SN - 0749-5978 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/074959789190020T Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:37:42 L2 - files/22988/074959789190020T.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - "You know nothing, John Doe" – Judgmental overconfidence in lay climate knowledge AU - Thaller, Annina AU - Brudermann, Thomas T2 - Journal of Environmental Psychology AB - The 1.5° target outlined in the Paris agreement requires immediate and fundamental climate action; the lack of climate knowledge, prevalent misconceptions and purported knowledge may be major barriers. Therefore, this study was carried out to analyze signs of judgmental overconfidence in lay climate knowledge using a quota sample of 499 Austrians. Results indicate that several misconceptions exist, e.g., regarding the role of the ozone hole or that water vapor is a greenhouse gas. Moreover, there is a clear indication of knowledge overconfidence: the respondents' confidence levels in their own answers are higher than the accuracy of the answers. This amount of miscalibration between confidence and accuracy increased as the difficulty of the question increased. Significant differences in the results can be found regarding sociodemographic aspects. In order to be effective, transformative policies need to take into account the potential confounding effects that knowledge overconfidence and misconceptions may have on the reception of these policies by the general public. DA - 2020/06/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101427 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 69 SP - 101427 J2 - Journal of Environmental Psychology LA - en SN - 0272-4944 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272494419305262 Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:40:50 L2 - files/22985/S0272494419305262.html KW - Climate knowledge KW - Climate literacy KW - Knowledge calibration KW - Knowledge confidence KW - Overconfidence ER - TY - JOUR TI - Why People Harm the Environment Although They Try to Treat It Well: An Evolutionary-Cognitive Perspective on Climate Compensation AU - Sörqvist, Patrik AU - Langeborg, Linda T2 - Frontiers in Psychology AB - Climate changes stress the importance of understanding why people harm the environment despite their attempts to behave in climate friendly ways. This paper argues that one reason behind why people do this is that people apply heuristics, originally shaped to handle social exchange, on the issues of environmental impact. Reciprocity and balance in social relations have been fundamental to social cooperation, and thus to survival, and therefore the human brain has become specialized by natural selection to compute and seek this balance. When the same reasoning is applied to environment-related behaviors, people tend to think in terms of a balance between ‘environmentally friendly’ and ‘harmful’ behaviors, and to morally account for the average of these components rather than the sum. This balancing heuristic leads to compensatory green beliefs and negative footprint illusions—the misconceptions that ‘green’ choices can compensate for unsustainable ones. ‘Eco-guilt’ from imbalance in the moral environmental account may promote pro-environmental acts, but also acts that are seemingly pro-environmental but in reality more harmful than doing nothing at all. The current paper suggests strategies for handling this cognitive insufficiency. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00348 DP - Frontiers VL - 10 J2 - Front. Psychol. LA - English SN - 1664-1078 ST - Why People Harm the Environment Although They Try to Treat It Well UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00348/full?utm_source=ad&utm_medium=fb&utm_campaign=ba_sci_fpsyg Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:44:42 L1 - files/22992/Sörqvist_Langeborg_2019_Why People Harm the Environment Although They Try to Treat It Well.pdf KW - Climate Change KW - compensatory green beliefs KW - evolutionary-cognitive perspective KW - moral accounting KW - natural selection KW - Negative footprint illusion ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social norms as solutions AU - Nyborg, Karine AU - Anderies, John M. AU - Dannenberg, Astrid AU - Lindahl, Therese AU - Schill, Caroline AU - Schlüter, Maja AU - Adger, W. Neil AU - Arrow, Kenneth J. AU - Barrett, Scott AU - Carpenter, Stephen AU - Chapin, F. Stuart AU - Crépin, Anne-Sophie AU - Daily, Gretchen AU - Ehrlich, Paul AU - Folke, Carl AU - Jager, Wander AU - Kautsky, Nils AU - Levin, Simon A. AU - Madsen, Ole Jacob AU - Polasky, Stephen AU - Scheffer, Marten AU - Walker, Brian AU - Weber, Elke U. AU - Wilen, James AU - Xepapadeas, Anastasios AU - Zeeuw, Aart de T2 - Science AB - Climate change, biodiversity loss, antibiotic resistance, and other global challenges pose major collective action problems: A group benefits from a certain action, but no individual has sufficient incentive to act alone. Formal institutions, e.g., laws and treaties, have helped address issues like ozone depletion, lead pollution, and acid rain. However, formal institutions are not always able to enforce collectively desirable outcomes. In such cases, informal institutions, such as social norms, can be important. If conditions are right, policy can support social norm changes, helping address even global problems. To judge when this is realistic, and what role policy can play, we discuss three crucial questions: Is a tipping point likely to exist, such that vicious cycles of socially damaging behavior can potentially be turned into virtuous ones? Can policy create tipping points where none exist? Can policy push the system past the tipping point? Policies may influence large-scale behavioral tipping Policies may influence large-scale behavioral tipping DA - 2016/10/07/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1126/science.aaf8317 DP - science.sciencemag.org VL - 354 IS - 6308 SP - 42 EP - 43 LA - en SN - 0036-8075, 1095-9203 UR - https://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6308/42 Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:44:32 L2 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27846488 L2 - files/22984/42.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - Meta-analyses of the determinants and outcomes of belief in climate change AU - Hornsey, Matthew J. AU - Harris, Emily A. AU - Bain, Paul G. AU - Fielding, Kelly S. T2 - Nature Climate Change AB - Recent growth in the number of studies examining belief in climate change is a positive development, but presents an ironic challenge in that it can be difficult for academics, practitioners and policy makers to keep pace. As a response to this challenge, we report on a meta-analysis of the correlates of belief in climate change. Twenty-seven variables were examined by synthesizing 25 polls and 171 academic studies across 56 nations. Two broad conclusions emerged. First, many intuitively appealing variables (such as education, sex, subjective knowledge, and experience of extreme weather events) were overshadowed in predictive power by values, ideologies, worldviews and political orientation. Second, climate change beliefs have only a small to moderate effect on the extent to which people are willing to act in climate-friendly ways. Implications for converting sceptics to the climate change cause—and for converting believers’ intentions into action—are discussed. DA - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1038/nclimate2943 DP - www.nature.com VL - 6 IS - 6 SP - 622 EP - 626 LA - en SN - 1758-6798 UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2943 Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:39:39 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Heuristic Decision Making AU - Gigerenzer, Gerd AU - Gaissmaier, Wolfgang T2 - Annual Review of Psychology AB - As reflected in the amount of controversy, few areas in psychology have undergone such dramatic conceptual changes in the past decade as the emerging science of heuristics. Heuristics are efficient cognitive processes, conscious or unconscious, that ignore part of the information. Because using heuristics saves effort, the classical view has been that heuristic decisions imply greater errors than do “rational” decisions as defined by logic or statistical models. However, for many decisions, the assumptions of rational models are not met, and it is an empirical rather than an a priori issue how well cognitive heuristics function in an uncertain world. To answer both the descriptive question (“Which heuristics do people use in which situations?”) and the prescriptive question (“When should people rely on a given heuristic rather than a complex strategy to make better judgments?”), formal models are indispensable. We review research that tests formal models of heuristic inference, including in business organizations, health care, and legal institutions. This research indicates that (a) individuals and organizations often rely on simple heuristics in an adaptive way, and (b) ignoring part of the information can lead to more accurate judgments than weighting and adding all information, for instance for low predictability and small samples. The big future challenge is to develop a systematic theory of the building blocks of heuristics as well as the core capacities and environmental structures these exploit. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1146/annurev-psych-120709-145346 DP - Annual Reviews VL - 62 IS - 1 SP - 451 EP - 482 UR - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120709-145346 Y2 - 2021/04/30/09:44:15 L1 - files/22990/Gigerenzer_Gaissmaier_2011_Heuristic Decision Making.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intertemporal Price Equilibrium: A Prologue to the Theory of Speculation AU - Samuelson, Paul A. T2 - Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv AB - Der freie Wettbewerb bringt stets ganz bestimmte räumliche Preisgefälle hervor. Ebenso wird er stets bestimmte Preisgefälle in der Zeit hervorrufen, wobei man dem zukünftigen Preis einer Ware, soweit die Kenntnis aller einschlägigen Faktoren reicht, niemals erlauben wird, den gegenwärtigen Preis um mehr als die Kosten der Speicherung zu übersteigen. Die Theorie der Spekulation, auf der all dies beruht, ist äußerst kompliziert auf Grund der überall wirksamen Unsicherheit über die Zukunft. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt also einen Überblick über die exakten Beziehungen, die auf einem idealen Warenmarkt unter der abstrakten und idealen Voraussetzung einer vollkommenen Kenntnis aller Faktoren herrschen würden. Im besonderen wird dargelegt, wie eine vorhergesehene oder unvorhergesehene Störung das Preisgefälle und den Verbrauch verschiedener Ernteperioden beeinflußt. In einem Anhang werden einige der interessanten mathematischen Probleme, die mit der reinen Theorie der Spekulation zusammenhängen, entwickelt. Eine intuitive Darlegung der Grundprinzipien kann allerdings einfach dadurch erreicht werden, daß man die Diagramme der elementaren Außenhandelstheorie verwendet. Schließlich werden einige Bemerkungen zu bestimmten Wirkungen der Unsicherheit vorgetragen. Insbesondere wird die Auffassung kritisiert, nach der jeder erfolgreich Spekulierende damit schon als ein Wohltäter der Gesamtheit angesehen werden muß, der in seinem Gewinn den "verdienten" Lohn empfängt. Wer eine Sekunde eher als die anderen den Schleier der Ungewißheit durchschaut, kann Riesengewinne erzielen, ohne daß es für die gesamte Wirtschaft irgendeine Bedeutung hat, ob die Anpassung des Preises eine Sekunde früher oder später geschieht. DA - 1957/// PY - 1957 DP - JSTOR VL - 79 SP - 181 EP - 221 SN - 0043-2636 ST - Intertemporal Price Equilibrium UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/40434184 Y2 - 2021/05/21/11:26:56 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Economics of Welfare AU - Pigou, A. C. AB - In The Economics of Welfare, originally published in 1920, Pigou reconceptualized economics as a science of economic welfare, in the course of which he developed the first systematic theory of market failures. Employing Alfred Marshall's theoretical framework and the utilitarian logic of Henry Sidgwick, he argued that the Smithian 'system of natural liberty' can fail to maximise economic welfare in three crucial spheres. Economic transactions grounded in the free play of self-interest may achieve a suboptimal allocation of resources by producing spillovers; they may maldistribute the national income, damaging much of the population; and they may generate business cycles, causing unemployment as well as income and consumption instabilities. In his analysis of how to repair these failures, Pigou made an elaborate, carefully reasoned case that interventions in otherwise unfettered markets may be in order.This reissued classic includes a new introduction by Nahid Aslanbeigui and Guy Oakes, who offer fresh ideas on The Economics of Welfare as a treatise that cannot be reduced to a programmatic collection of taxes and subsidies designed to maximise economic welfare. They also spell out the implications of Pigou's thought for contemporary economics. 2013-12-06 DA - 1920/// PY - 1920 DP - Google Books SP - 820 LA - en PB - Palgrave Macmillan SN - 978-1-137-37563-6 L2 - https://books.google.at/books?id=26kAAwAAQBAJ KW - Business & Economics / Economics / General KW - Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy KW - Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services & Welfare KW - Business & Economics / Economic History KW - Business & Economics / Economics / Theory KW - Business & Economics / Economic Conditions ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Tragedy of the Commons AU - Hardin, Garrett T2 - Science AB - The population problem has no technical solution; it requires a fundamental extension in morality. DA - 1968/12/13/ PY - 1968 DO - 10.1126/science.162.3859.1243 DP - science.sciencemag.org VL - 162 IS - 3859 SP - 1243 EP - 1248 LA - en SN - 0036-8075, 1095-9203 UR - https://science.sciencemag.org/content/162/3859/1243 Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:18:44 L1 - files/22997/Hardin_1968_The Tragedy of the Commons.pdf L2 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5699198 L2 - files/22998/1243.html ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Theory of Environmental Policy AU - Baumol, William J. AU - Oates, Wallace E. AB - In this book, Professors Baumol and Oates provide a rigorous and comprehensive analysis of the economic theory of environmental policy. They present a formal, theoretical treatment of those factors influencing the quality of life. By covering both the theory of externalities and its application to environmental policy, the authors have retained the basic structure and organization of the first edition, which has become a standard reference in the field. In this edition, however, they have updated their analysis to incorporate recent research in environmental economics. 1988-02-26 DA - 1975/// PY - 1975 DP - Google Books SP - 351 LA - en PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 978-1-107-71715-2 L2 - https://books.google.at/books?id=1VQiAwAAQBAJ KW - Business & Economics / Environmental Economics ER - TY - BOOK TI - Introduction to Environmental Economics AU - Hanley, Nick AU - Shogren, Jason AU - White, Ben AB - Clearly written, global in approach, and theoretically broad-minded, this text is an ideal introduction to environmental economics.Assuming no prior knowledge of economics, the international author team introduces fundamental economic concepts as they relate to our environment. They then use the fundamental concepts to explore and assess current and potential policy responses to some of the major environmental issues of ourtime. Examples are drawn from all over the world and include such vital issues as climate change, natural resource use, waste management, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. DA - 2019/04// PY - 2019 DP - Google Books SP - 407 LA - en PB - Oxford University Press SN - 978-0-19-873723-0 L2 - https://books.google.at/books?id=QxGTDwAAQBAJ ER - TY - CHAP TI - The Problem of Social Cost AU - Coase, Ronald H. T2 - Classic Papers in Natural Resource Economics A2 - Gopalakrishnan, Chennat AB - This paper is concerned with those actions of business firms which have harmful effects on others. The standard example is that of a factory the smoke from which has harmful effects on those occupying neighbouring properties. The economic analysis of such a situation has usually proceeded in terms of a divergence between the private and social product of the factory, in which economists have largely followed the treatment of Pigou in The Economics of Welfare. The conclusions to which this kind of analysis seems to have led most economists is that it would be desirable to make the owner of the factory liable for the damage caused to those injured by the smoke, or alternatively, to place a tax on the factory owner varying with the amount of smoke produced and equivalent in money terms to the damage it would cause, or finally, to exclude the factory from residential districts (and presumably from other areas in which the emission of smoke would have harmful effects on others). It is my contention that the suggested courses of action are inappropriate, in that they lead to results which are not necessarily, or even usually, desirable. CY - London DA - 1960/// PY - 1960 DP - Springer Link SP - 87 EP - 137 LA - en PB - Palgrave Macmillan UK SN - 978-0-230-52321-0 UR - https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523210_6 Y2 - 2021/04/28/12:07:07 KW - Harmful Effect KW - Legal Position KW - Market Failure KW - Market Transaction KW - Price System ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intergenerational Equity and the Investing of Rents from Exhaustible Resources AU - Hartwick, John M. T2 - The American Economic Review DA - 1977/// PY - 1977 DP - JSTOR VL - 67 IS - 5 SP - 972 EP - 974 SN - 0002-8282 UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/1828079 Y2 - 2021/11/01/12:56:54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intergenerational Equity and Exhaustible Resources AU - Solow, R. M. T2 - The Review of Economic Studies DA - 1974/// PY - 1974 DO - 10.2307/2296370 DP - JSTOR VL - 41 SP - 29 EP - 45 SN - 0034-6527 UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/2296370 Y2 - 2021/11/01/12:54:00 L1 - files/22854/Solow_1974_Intergenerational Equity and Exhaustible Resources.pdf L1 - files/22999/Solow_1974_Intergenerational Equity and Exhaustible Resources.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Denken hilft zwar, nützt aber nichts: Warum wir immer wieder unvernünftige Entscheidungen treffen AU - Ariely, Dan AB - Warum wir ticken, wie wir tickenDer Sachbuch-Bestseller des Verhaltens-Psychologen Dan Ariely erklärt, wie wir Entscheidungen treffen: mit der Logik der UnvernunftKennen Sie das auch? Beim Anblick eines köstlichen Desserts fallen uns spontan tausend vernünftige Gründe ein, unser Diät-Gelübde zu brechen. Wir sind fest davon überzeugt, dass teure Produkte besser wirken als billige. Und für jeden von uns gibt es etwas, für das wir bereit sind, deutlich mehr Geld auszugeben, als wir haben – aus ganz vernünftigen Gründen, versteht sich.Bestseller-Autor Dan Ariely stellt unser Verhalten auf den Prüfstand, um herauszufinden, warum wir immer wieder unvernünftig handeln – und dabei felsenfest überzeugt sind, uns von Vernunft leiten zu lassen.Denn wenn wir Entscheidungen treffen, gehen wir davon aus, dass wir das Für und Wider vernünftig abwägen. In Wahrheit werden unsere Entscheidungen jedoch meist von vorgefassten Urteilen und einer gelernten Weltsicht beeinflusst. Unvernünftige Entscheidungen liegen offenbar in der menschlichen Natur begründet.Ebenso unterhaltsam wie spannend zeigt der renommierte amerikanische Verhaltens-Psychologe Dan Ariely in seinem Bestseller, wie die meisten unserer Entscheidungen tatsächlich zustande kommen, und wie unvernünftig unsere Vernunft oft ist.»Ein ebenso amüsantes wie lehrreiches Buch.«Der Spiegel DA - 2009/12/31/ PY - 2009 DP - Google Books SP - 300 LA - de PB - HarperCollins SN - 978-3-426-40209-2 ST - Denken hilft zwar, nützt aber nichts L2 - https://books.google.at/books?id=2rhtAgAAQBAJ KW - Business & Economics / Consumer Behavior KW - Self-Help / Self-Hypnosis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Maps of Bounded Rationality: Psychology for Behavioral Economics AU - Kahneman, Daniel T2 - American Economic Review DA - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DO - 10.1257/000282803322655392 DP - www.aeaweb.org VL - 93 IS - 5 SP - 1449 EP - 1475 LA - en SN - 0002-8282 ST - Maps of Bounded Rationality UR - https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/000282803322655392 Y2 - 2021/11/03/09:15:38 L2 - files/23383/articles.html KW - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty KW - Microeconomics: General ER - TY - BOOK TI - Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth and happiness AU - Thaler, Richard H. AU - Sunstein, Cass Robert CY - Yale University Press DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 SP - 312 PB - Penguin SN - ISBN: 9780141040011 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Behavioral Environmental Economics: Promises and Challenges AU - Croson, Rachel AU - Treich, Nicolas T2 - Environmental and Resource Economics DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DO - doi 10.1007/s10640-014-9783-y IS - 58 SP - 335 EP - 351 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10640-014-9783-y Y2 - 2022/03/14/09:53:56 L2 - files/25183/s10640-014-9783-y.html ER - TY - BOOK TI - Cost-Benefit Analysis: Concepts and Practice AU - Boardman, Anthony E. AU - Greenberg, David H. AU - Vining, Aidan R. AU - Weimer, David L. AB - The fourth edition of Cost-Benefit Analysis is an authoritative, market-leading textbook that provides a practical introduction to cost-benefit analysis through problem solving. The text uses a consistent application of a nine-step framework for interpreting a cost-benefit analysis. This edition has been fully revised, updated and re-organized to provide the material more effectively. It presents application over abstract theory and clear discussion over mathematics to appeal to a larger, more diverse audience. DA - 2017/12/14/ PY - 2017 DP - Google Books SP - 559 LA - en PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 978-1-108-69480-3 ST - Cost-Benefit Analysis L2 - https://books.google.at/books?id=TrdKDwAAQBAJ KW - Business & Economics / General KW - Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy ER - TY - BOOK TI - Ecological Economics: An Introduction AU - Common, Michael AU - Stagl, Sigrid AB - Taking as its starting point the interdependence of the economy and the natural environment, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to the emerging field of ecological economics. The authors, who have written extensively on the economics of sustainability, build on insights from both mainstream economics and ecological sciences. Part I explores the interdependence of the modern economy and its environment, while Part II focuses mainly on the economy and on economics. Part III looks at how national governments set policy targets and the instruments used to pursue those targets. Part IV examines international trade and institutions, and two major global threats to sustainability - climate change and biodiversity loss. Assuming no prior knowledge of economics, this textbook is well suited for use on interdisciplinary environmental science and management courses. It has extensive student-friendly features including discussion questions and exercises, keyword highlighting, real-world illustrations, further reading and website addresses. DA - 2005/10/13/ PY - 2005 DP - Google Books SP - 600 LA - en PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 978-1-139-44543-6 ST - Ecological Economics L2 - https://books.google.at/books?id=RYktw_SLIrQC KW - Business & Economics / Environmental Economics KW - Business & Economics / Economics / Microeconomics KW - Technology & Engineering / Environmental / General ER - TY - BOOK TI - Environmental & natural resource economics AU - Tietenberg, Thomas H. AU - Lewis, Lynne CN - HC79.E5 T525 2015 CY - Boston DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - Library of Congress ISBN ET - 11th Edition SP - 606 LA - en PB - Pearson SN - 978-0-13-347969-0 L1 - files/25194/Tietenberg_Lewis_2018_Environmental & natural resource economics.pdf KW - Environmental economics KW - Environmental policy KW - Government policy KW - Natural resources KW - Raw materials ER - TY - BOOK TI - Cost-benefit Analysis and the Environment AU - Hanley, Nick AU - Spash, Clive L. AB - . Aldershot, Hants, England: E. CY - Cheltenham DA - 1993/// PY - 1993 SP - 304 PB - Aldershot and Brookfield SN - 1 85278 455 5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development and Dematerialization: An International Study AU - Steinberger, Julia K. AU - Krausmann, Fridolin AU - Getzner, Michael AU - Schandl, Heinz AU - West, Jim T2 - PLOS ONE AB - Economic development and growth depend on growing levels of resource use, and result in environmental impacts from large scale resource extraction and emissions of waste. In this study, we examine the resource dependency of economic activities over the past several decades for a set of countries comprising developing, emerging and mature industrialized economies. Rather than a single universal industrial development pathway, we find a diversity of economic dependencies on material use, made evident through cluster analysis. We conduct tests for relative and absolute decoupling of the economy from material use, and compare these with similar tests for decoupling from carbon emissions, both for single countries and country groupings using panel analysis. We show that, over the longer term, emerging and developing countries tend to have significantly larger material-economic coupling than mature industrialized economies (although this effect may be enhanced by trade patterns), but that the contrary is true for short-term coupling. Moreover, we demonstrate that absolute dematerialization limits economic growth rates, while the successful industrialization of developing countries inevitably requires a strong material component. Alternative development priorities are thus urgently needed both for mature and emerging economies: reducing absolute consumption levels for the former, and avoiding the trap of resource-intensive economic and human development for the latter. DA - 2013/10/21/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0070385 DP - PLoS Journals VL - 8 IS - 10 SP - e70385 J2 - PLOS ONE LA - en SN - 1932-6203 ST - Development and Dematerialization UR - https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0070385 Y2 - 2022/03/14/10:10:21 L1 - files/25176/Steinberger et al_2013_Development and Dematerialization.pdf L2 - files/25175/article.html KW - Environmental economics KW - Economic growth KW - Economics KW - Economic development KW - Fossil fuels KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Clustering algorithms KW - Fossils ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tightening EU ETS targets in line with the European Green Deal: Impacts on the decarbonization of the EU power sector AU - Pietzcker, Robert C. AU - Osorio, Sebastian AU - Rodrigues, Renato T2 - Applied Energy AB - The EU Green Deal calls for climate neutrality by 2050 and emission reductions of 50–55% in 2030 in comparison to 1990. Achieving these reductions requires a substantial tightening of the regulations of the EU emissions trading system (EU ETS). This paper explores how the power sector would have to change in reaction to a tighter EU ETS target, and analyses the technological and economic implications. To cover the major ETS sectors, we combine a detailed power sector model with a marginal-abatement cost curve representation of industry emission abatement. We find that tightening the target would speed up the transformation by 3–17 years for different parts of the electricity system, with renewables contributing 74% of the electricity in 2030, EU-wide coal use almost completely phased-out by 2030 instead of 2045, and zero electricity generation emissions reached by 2040. Carbon prices within the EU ETS would more than triple to 129€/tCO2 in 2030, reducing cumulated power sector emissions from 2017 to 2057 by 54% compared to a scenario with the current target. This transformation would come at limited costs: total discounted power system costs would only increase by 5%. We test our findings against a number of sensitivities: an increased electricity demand, which might arise from sector coupling, increases deployment of wind and solar and prolongs gas usage. Not allowing transmission expansion beyond 2020 levels shifts investments from wind to PV, hydrogen and batteries, and increases total system costs by 3%. Finally, the unavailability of fossil carbon capture and storage (CCS) or further nuclear investments does not impact results. Unavailability of bioenergy-based CCS (BECCS) has a visible impact (18% increase) on cumulated power sector emissions, thus shifting more of the mitigation burden to the industry sector, but does not increase electricity prices or total system costs (<1% increase). DA - 2021/07/01/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116914 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 293 SP - 116914 J2 - Applied Energy LA - en SN - 0306-2619 ST - Tightening EU ETS targets in line with the European Green Deal UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261921003962 Y2 - 2022/03/14/10:08:58 L1 - files/25177/Pietzcker et al_2021_Tightening EU ETS targets in line with the European Green Deal.pdf KW - Renewable energy KW - European Green Deal KW - Carbon capture and storage (CCS) KW - Electricity decarbonization KW - EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS) KW - Power sector ER - TY - JOUR TI - Schlüsselindikatoren zu Klimawandel und Energiewirtschaft 2016. Sonderthema: CO2-Steuern für Österreich AU - Kettner-Marx, Claudia AU - Kirchner, Mathias AU - Kletzan-Slamanig, Daniela AU - Köppl, Angela AU - Meyer, Ina AU - Sinabell, Franz AU - Sommer, Mark T2 - WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports) AB - Die reale Wirtschaftsleistung (+1,5%) und der Bruttoinlandsverbrauch an Energie (+1,4%) wuchsen 2016 gleichgerichtet. Somit wurde in diesem Jahr keine Entkoppelung zwischen der Entwicklung von Energieverbrauch und Wirtschaftsleistung erzielt. Dies zeigt die vorliegende elfte Ausgabe der WIFO-Schlüsselindikatoren zu Energiewirtschaft und Klimawandel. Lediglich die Zunahme der Treibhausgasemissionen (+1%) wurde aufgrund einer Energieträgersubstitution von Kohle hin zu Gas und Mineralöl relativ von der Wirtschaftsleistung entkoppelt. Sie nahmen aber das zweite Jahr in Folge zu, der 2005 eingeleitete rückläufige Trend konnte somit nicht wiederaufgenommen werden. Dies war auf den Anstieg der Emissionen im Nicht-Emissionshandelsbereich (+2,6%) zurückzuführen, insbesondere die CO2-Emissionen des Verkehrssektors wuchsen erneut kräftig (+4,1%), aber auch im Gebäudebereich (+2,5%) wurde aufgrund des Anstieges der Zahl der Heizgradtage eine Zunahme der Emissionen gemessen. In einem Sonderthema befasst sich der vorliegende Bericht mit Optionen für die aufkommensneutrale Einführung einer CO2-Steuer für die Nicht-Emissionshandelssektoren in Österreich und deren potentiellen Effekten auf Verteilung und Wettbewerb. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - ideas.repec.org VL - 91 IS - 7 SP - 507 EP - 524 LA - en ST - Schlüsselindikatoren zu Klimawandel und Energiewirtschaft 2016. Sonderthema UR - https://ideas.repec.org/a/wfo/monber/y2018i7p507-524.html Y2 - 2022/03/14/10:06:23 L2 - files/25178/y2018i7p507-524.html KW - CO2-Steuern KW - Energiepolitik KW - TP_Nachhaltigkeit_Nachhaltigkeit Klimawandel KW - Umweltindikatoren ER - TY - JOUR TI - Contemporary Guidance for Stated Preference Studies AU - Johnston, Robert J. AU - Boyle, Kevin J. AU - Adamowicz, Wiktor (Vic) AU - Bennett, Jeff AU - Brouwer, Roy AU - Cameron, Trudy Ann AU - Hanemann, W. Michael AU - Hanley, Nick AU - Ryan, Mandy AU - Scarpa, Riccardo AU - Tourangeau, Roger AU - Vossler, Christian A. T2 - Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists AB - This article proposes contemporary best-practice recommendations for stated preference (SP) studies used to inform decision making, grounded in the accumulated body of peer-reviewed literature. These recommendations consider the use of SP methods to estimate both use and non-use (passive-use) values, and cover the broad SP domain, including contingent valuation and discrete choice experiments. We focus on applications to public goods in the context of the environment and human health but also consider ways in which the proposed recommendations might apply to other common areas of application. The recommendations recognize that SP results may be used and reused (benefit transfers) by governmental agencies and nongovernmental organizations, and that all such applications must be considered. The intended result is a set of guidelines for SP studies that is more comprehensive than that of the original National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Blue Ribbon Panel on contingent valuation, is more germane to contemporary applications, and reflects the two decades of research since that time. We also distinguish between practices for which accumulated research is sufficient to support recommendations and those for which greater uncertainty remains. The goal of this article is to raise the quality of SP studies used to support decision making and promote research that will further enhance the practice of these studies worldwide. DA - 2017/06// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1086/691697 DP - journals.uchicago.edu (Atypon) VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 319 EP - 405 SN - 2333-5955 UR - https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/691697 Y2 - 2022/03/14/10:05:49 L1 - files/25179/Johnston et al_2017_Contemporary Guidance for Stated Preference Studies.pdf KW - Survey KW - Choice experiment KW - C83 KW - Choice modelling KW - Contingent valuation KW - Guidelines KW - H41 KW - Nonmarket valuation KW - Q51 KW - Questionnaire KW - Stated preference KW - Welfare ER - TY - JOUR TI - Moral Behaviour, Altruism and Environmental Policy AU - Daube, Marc AU - Ulph, David T2 - Environmental and Resource Economics AB - Free-riding is often associated with self-interested behaviour. However, if there is a global pollutant, free-riding will arise if individuals calculate that their emissions are negligible relative to the total, so total emissions and hence any damage that they and others suffer will be unaffected by whatever consumption choice they make. In this context consumer behaviour and the optimal environmental tax are independent of the degree of altruism. For behaviour to change, individuals need to make their decisions in a different way. We propose a new theory of moral behaviour whereby individuals recognise that they will be worse off by not acting in their own self-interest, and balance this cost off against the hypothetical moral value of adopting a Kantian form of behaviour, that is by calculating the consequences of their action by asking what would happen if everyone else acted in the same way as they did. We show that: (a) if individuals behave this way, then altruism matters and the greater the degree of altruism the more individuals cut back their consumption of a ‘dirty’ good; (b) nevertheless the optimal environmental tax is exactly the same as that emerging from classical analysis where individuals act in self-interested fashion. DA - 2016/02/01/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1007/s10640-014-9836-2 DP - Springer Link VL - 63 IS - 2 SP - 505 EP - 522 J2 - Environ Resource Econ LA - en SN - 1573-1502 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-014-9836-2 Y2 - 2022/03/14/10:02:49 L1 - files/25182/Daube_Ulph_2016_Moral Behaviour, Altruism and Environmental Policy.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leaders and Laggards: Climate Policy Ambition in Developed States AU - Tobin, Paul T2 - Global Environmental Politics AB - In 1992 the United Nations identified twenty-four “Annex II” states as being “developed” and holding the greatest responsibility for reducing emissions. Since then, the ambitions of these states toward mitigating climate change have varied significantly. This article is the first to employ fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze climate policy variation among the Annex II developed states. The presence of a left-wing government is shown to be sufficient for ambitious climate policy, as is having high GDP per capita in conjunction with close links to the EU and few political constraints. The analysis highlights Austria’s surprisingly unambitious climate policy, which is explained, following elite interviews, by the state’s unique social partnership governance model and unusual fuel tourism industry. Overall, fsQCA proves a useful method for examining variables in combination and for case study selection, although limited by the number of variables it can assess. DA - 2017/11/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1162/GLEP_a_00433 DP - Silverchair VL - 17 IS - 4 SP - 28 EP - 47 J2 - Global Environmental Politics SN - 1526-3800 ST - Leaders and Laggards UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00433 Y2 - 2022/04/08/11:26:00 L1 - files/26468/Tobin_2017_Leaders and Laggards.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Mainstreaming the economics of nature: a synthesis of the approach, conclusions and recommendations of teeb T2 - The economics of ecosystems & biodiversity A3 - UNEP CY - Geneva DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - K10plus ISBN SP - 36 LA - en PB - UNEP SN - 978-3-9813410-3-4 ST - Mainstreaming the economics of nature L1 - http://www.teebweb.org/wp-content/uploads/Study%20and%20Reports/Reports/Synthesis%20report/TEEB%20Synthesis%20Report%202010.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transitional politics: emerging incentive-based instruments in environmental regulation AU - Aidt, Toke Skovsgaard AU - Dutta, Jayasri T2 - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management T3 - Including Special Symposium Section from the National Bureau of Economic Research Conference on Advances in Empirical Environmental Policy Research AB - This paper proposes a positive theory of environmental instrument choice. We study a democratic society that seeks to lower the level of pollution from industrial sources to a pre-specified target. The target can be implemented by one of three instruments: [S]: uniform emission standards; [P]: tradeable permits; and [T]: emission taxes. The conflict of interest between special-interests, representing polluters, and the electorate is resolved by an elected politician. We characterize when each of the three policy instruments is chosen in political equilibrium and show that the transition, observed in many countries, from [S] to either [P] or [T] can be understood as a natural consequence of increasingly ambitious environmental targets. DA - 2004/05/01/ PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.jeem.2003.07.002 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 47 IS - 3 SP - 458 EP - 479 J2 - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management LA - en SN - 0095-0696 ST - Transitional politics UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069603000986 Y2 - 2022/08/25/10:27:08 L1 - files/28007/Aidt_Dutta_2004_Transitional politics.pdf L2 - files/28006/S0095069603000986.html KW - Environmental policy KW - Political economy KW - Instrument choice ER - TY - JOUR TI - The policy diffusion of environmental performance in the European countries AU - Arbolino, Roberta AU - Carlucci, Fabio AU - De Simone, Luisa AU - Ioppolo, Giuseppe AU - Yigitcanlar, Tan T2 - Ecological Indicators AB - The implementation and the diffusion of environmental policy is a hotspot in European ecosystem management. Policy diffusion meets the need of the harmonization principle in which the EU countries must converge towards the same targets. In the light of this, the paper aims to explain the main determinants of the environmental diffusion policy, allowing countries to converge on a common base. We outline the achievements of the environmental policy objectives of the countries by using the Environmental Performance Index, a widely accepted index used at the international level. By using a dyadic dataset on 15 European countries, we highlight the economic and institutional determinants pointing out successes and failures of policies adopted. The findings reveal that the economic variables play most important role in the diffusion process of environmental policy. DA - 2018/06/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.01.062 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 89 SP - 130 EP - 138 J2 - Ecological Indicators LA - en SN - 1470-160X UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X18300694 Y2 - 2022/08/25/10:26:53 L2 - files/28008/S1470160X18300694.html KW - Convergence policy KW - Determinants KW - Environmental performances KW - Environmental policy diffusion ER - TY - JOUR TI - Coordination vs. voluntarism and enforcement in sustaining international environmental cooperation AU - Barrett, Scott T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences DA - 2016/12/20/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1604989113 DP - pnas.org (Atypon) VL - 113 IS - 51 SP - 14515 EP - 14522 UR - https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1604989113 Y2 - 2022/08/25/10:26:36 L1 - files/28009/Barrett_2016_Coordination vs.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Participation and Duration of Environmental Agreements AU - Battaglini, Marco AU - Harstad, Bård T2 - Journal of Political Economy AB - We analyze participation in international environmental agreements in a dynamic game in which countries pollute and invest in green technologies. If complete contracts are feasible, participants eliminate the holdup problem associated with their investments; however, most countries prefer to free ride rather than participate. If investments are noncontractible, countries face a holdup problem every time they negotiate; but the free-rider problem can be mitigated and significant participation is feasible. Participation becomes attractive because only large coalitions commit to long-term agreements that circumvent the holdup problem. Under well-specified conditions even the first-best outcome is possible when the contract is incomplete. DA - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1086/684478 DP - journals.uchicago.edu (Atypon) VL - 124 IS - 1 SP - 160 EP - 204 SN - 0022-3808 UR - https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/684478 Y2 - 2022/08/25/10:26:19 L1 - files/28010/Battaglini_Harstad_2016_Participation and Duration of Environmental Agreements.pdf ER - TY - CHAP TI - Policy diffusion AU - Biedenkopf, Katja T2 - Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance AB - Policy diffusion describes the process through which policies spread among a group of jurisdictions or even globally. It can be observed at and across different scales of governance, from the local to the global. Authors distinguish several causal mechanisms and a number of scope conditions. Mechanisms describe a sequence of events that explains how one policy triggers or influences a policy change in another jurisdiction. Whereas the number and types of mechanisms differ between studies, a growing consensus on coercion, competition, learning, and emulation has emerged (Gilardi 2012: 460-461). CY - New York ; London DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 PB - Routledge SN - 978-0-203-55356-5 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The climate lobby: a sectoral analysis of lobbying spending on climate change in the USA, 2000 to 2016 AU - Brulle, Robert J. T2 - Climatic Change AB - Lobbying is considered to be an important factor in the success or failure of climate change legislation. This paper provides an estimate of lobbying expenditures related to climate change legislation in the U.S. Congress from 2000 to 2016. During this time period, over $2 billion was spent on this activity, constituting 3.9% of total lobbying expenditures. Major sectors involved in lobbying were fossil fuel and transportation corporations, utilities, and affiliated trade associations. Expenditures by these sectors dwarf those of environmental organizations and renewable energy corporations. Levels of expenditures on lobbying appear to be related to the introduction and probability of passage of significant climate legislation. Future research should focus on tying particular positions on climate legislation and lobbying expenditures at the corporate level. DA - 2018/08/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1007/s10584-018-2241-z DP - Springer Link VL - 149 IS - 3 SP - 289 EP - 303 J2 - Climatic Change LA - en SN - 1573-1480 ST - The climate lobby UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2241-z Y2 - 2022/08/25/10:23:06 L1 - files/28011/Brulle_2018_The climate lobby.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fractionalized but ambitious? Voting on energy and climate policy in the European Parliament AU - Buzogány, Aron AU - Ćetković, Stefan T2 - Journal of European Public Policy AB - Analysing roll call votes from the energy and climate policy field in the Eighth European Parliament (2014–2019), this article asks why has the European Parliament succeeded in maintaining its relatively ambitious position and how national and partizan factors explain voting behaviour of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) on EU energy and climate legislation. We find the Eurosceptic vs. pro-EU cleavage to be the main conflict line structuring voting on energy and climate policy. Additionally, EU energy and climate policy has been supported by MEPs from member states with a track record of more ambitious climate policymaking and those with higher energy dependence. We show that increasing party fragmentation in the European Parliament has strengthened the influence of some progressive party groups, particularly the Greens, and has enhanced the European Parliament’s ability to mobilize support for a relatively ambitious energy and climate legislation. DA - 2021/07/03/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1080/13501763.2021.1918220 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 28 IS - 7 SP - 1038 EP - 1056 SN - 1350-1763 ST - Fractionalized but ambitious? UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2021.1918220 Y2 - 2022/08/25/10:22:28 L1 - files/28012/Buzogány_Ćetković_2021_Fractionalized but ambitious.pdf KW - EU energy and climate policy KW - European Parliament KW - MEPs KW - populist parties KW - roll call votes ER - TY - JOUR TI - Political Competition, Rent Seeking and the Choice of Environmental Policy Instruments: Comment AU - Dijkstra, Bouwe R. T2 - Environmental and Resource Economics AB - In this comment, I analyze Damania's political economy model (Environmental and Resource Economics 13: 415–433, 1999), correcting some flaws and clarifying some ambiguities. I arguethat the political parties are identical at the outset of the game. Onlyafter the parties have chosen the instrument (standards or taxation) and thestrictness of environmental policy do the environmentalists and thepolluting firms know which party to support in the election campaign. Inequilibrium, both parties choose the same platform, so that both have anequal probability of winning the election. DA - 2004/09/01/ PY - 2004 DO - 10.1023/B:EARE.0000035439.63411.68 DP - Springer Link VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 56 J2 - Environmental and Resource Economics LA - en SN - 1573-1502 ST - Political Competition, Rent Seeking and the Choice of Environmental Policy Instruments UR - https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EARE.0000035439.63411.68 Y2 - 2022/08/25/10:12:01 L1 - files/28013/Dijkstra_2004_Political Competition, Rent Seeking and the Choice of Environmental Policy.pdf KW - environmental policy KW - political competition KW - pollution taxes KW - rent seeking ER - TY - JOUR TI - Engines of learning? Policy instruments, cities and climate governance AU - Domorenok, Ekaterina AU - Zito, Anthony R. T2 - Policy Sciences AB - This contribution investigates how combinations of instruments, often called policy mixes, enhance policy learning processes at different levels. It analyzes the European Union’s (EU) Covenant of Mayors (CoM) that is underpinned by a set of learning instruments, to promote local action for sustainable energy and climate. The piece offers an original framework to explore whether and how the Covenant enhances learning at the level of European institutions and among local governments. Drawing on an extensive documentary review and elite interviews in four countries (Germany, Italy, Poland and the UK), the analysis shows that the CoM instrument mix has enhanced certain elements of learning within the actors leading the Covenant as well as many of the local governments within and outside the EU, but only if certain conditions operate, such as political leadership, individual motivation and knowledge and regional coordination mechanisms. DA - 2021/09/01/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1007/s11077-021-09431-5 DP - Springer Link VL - 54 IS - 3 SP - 507 EP - 528 J2 - Policy Sci LA - en SN - 1573-0891 ST - Engines of learning? UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-021-09431-5 Y2 - 2022/08/25/10:11:41 L1 - files/28014/Domorenok_Zito_2021_Engines of learning.pdf KW - European Union KW - Climate change KW - Policy learning KW - Cities KW - Covenant of Mayors KW - Policy change ER - TY - JOUR TI - Political influence on non-cooperative international climate policy AU - Habla, Wolfgang AU - Winkler, Ralph T2 - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management AB - We analyze non-cooperative international climate policy in a setting of political competition by national interest groups. In the first stage, countries decide whether to link their domestic emission permit markets to an international market, which only forms if it is supported by all countries. In the second stage, countries non-cooperatively decide on the number of tradable emission allowances. In both stages, special interest groups try to sway the government in their favor. We find that (i) both the choice of regime and the levels of domestic and global emissions only depend on the aggregate levels of organized stakes in all countries and not on their distribution among individual interest groups and (ii) an increase in lobbying influence by a particular lobby group may backfire by inducing a change towards the lobby group's less preferred regime. DA - 2013/09/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.jeem.2012.10.002 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 66 IS - 2 SP - 219 EP - 234 J2 - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management LA - en SN - 0095-0696 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009506961200099X Y2 - 2022/08/25/10:10:47 L1 - files/28015/Habla_Winkler_2013_Political influence on non-cooperative international climate policy.pdf KW - Political economy KW - Emissions trading KW - Environmental awareness KW - Non-cooperative climate policy ER - TY - JOUR TI - The role of populist attitudes in explaining climate change skepticism and support for environmental protection AU - Huber, Robert A. T2 - Environmental Politics AB - Conventional wisdom holds that partisanship and political ideology, writ large, are some of the most powerful explanations of attitudes towards climate change and environmental politics. While compelling, most studies focus on a narrow definition of political ideology in the US. This study adds to the literature by assessing the relationship between populism, climate skepticism, and support for environmental protection. Populism offers an orthogonal dimension to partisanship and left-right self-placement, which broadens the scope of the concept. Assessing the UK facilitates understanding the role of political ideology beyond the strong party sorting apparent in the US. Data from the 2015 British Election Study offer strong support for the proposition that populism holds a consequential role in climate and environmental politics. DA - 2020/09/18/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1080/09644016.2019.1708186 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 29 IS - 6 SP - 959 EP - 982 SN - 0964-4016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2019.1708186 Y2 - 2022/08/25/10:09:49 L1 - files/28016/Huber_2020_The role of populist attitudes in explaining climate change skepticism and.pdf KW - climate change KW - environmental politics KW - climate skepticism KW - political ideology KW - Populism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Political populism, responsiveness, and public support for climate mitigation AU - Huber, Robert A. AU - Fesenfeld, Lukas AU - Bernauer, Thomas T2 - Climate Policy AB - Populism and its rhetoric are on the rise. Political actors across different ideological camps and parties are employing dispositional blame attribution, emphasizing the non-responsiveness of ‘corrupt elites’ to the needs of ‘good and honest’ people. In this paper, we focus on one specific and common area of blame attribution; climate change. In particular, in the United States, a central player in global climate governance, climate change is a very contested issue. The successes of populist candidates in both major US parties suggest that populism could affect citizen support for climate mitigation policies. The often abstract, elite-driven, and technical nature of climate change makes this issue an ideal target for populist critique. Our paper offers an empirical assessment of this claim. First, we test whether populism truly has an independent effect on people’s climate attitudes. Second, we assess to what extent frames about elite responsiveness are important heuristics for individuals in their formation of preferences concerning climate policies. To accomplish this goal, we fielded representative US surveys (N = 3000) and collected both observational and experimental data. Results suggest that populist attitudes enhance the effects of partisanship, rather than creating an independent, orthogonal dimension. Populist Democrats support climate policies more than non-populist Democrats do, whereas populist Republicans oppose such policies more than non-populist Republicans do. Additionally, while our experimental results indicate that populist treatments blaming elites for being non-responsive to citizens’ preferences do not affect policy support, we also find that reassuring individuals that political elites care about citizens’ needs and preferences in relation to climate policy increases support for the latter.Key policy insights Citizens’ support is central for implementing ambitious climate policies.Populist attitudes amplify partisanship effects on public opinion about climate policy.Populist discourse per se is not an obstacle to adopting ambitious climate policy in the US.Political entrepreneurs can foster support for climate policies by emphasizing elite responsiveness to citizens’ needs and preferences.Populist attacks on established elites are unlikely to derail support for climate policy. DA - 2020/03/15/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1080/14693062.2020.1736490 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 373 EP - 386 SN - 1469-3062 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2020.1736490 Y2 - 2022/08/25/10:09:12 L1 - files/28017/Huber et al_2020_Political populism, responsiveness, and public support for climate mitigation.pdf KW - climate change KW - climate policy KW - public opinion KW - Populism KW - survey experiment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measures to enhance the effectiveness of international climate agreements: The case of border carbon adjustments AU - Al Khourdajie, Alaa AU - Finus, Michael T2 - European Economic Review AB - Actions on climate change which are not supported by all countries are not very effective. However, full participation in a global climate treaty with meaningful emission reductions is difficult to achieve. The non-excludability of the public good mitigation provides an incentive to abstain from global action. Moreover, carbon leakage renders it unattractive to join a treaty without full participation. We study whether and under which conditions border carbon adjustments (BCAs) can mitigate free-riding and reduce carbon leakage in a simple strategic trade model. We show that BCAs can lead to large stable climate agreements, including full participation, associated with large global welfare gains if treaties do not restrict membership (open membership), as this is typical for environmental agreements. We caution against restricting accession to treaties (exclusive membership), as this is typical for trade agreements, which may serve individual but not global interests. DA - 2020/05/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103405 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 124 SP - 103405 J2 - European Economic Review LA - en SN - 0014-2921 ST - Measures to enhance the effectiveness of international climate agreements UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292120300374 Y2 - 2022/08/25/09:36:37 L1 - files/28019/Al Khourdajie_Finus_2020_Measures to enhance the effectiveness of international climate agreements.pdf L2 - files/28018/S0014292120300374.html KW - International trade KW - Border carbon adjustments KW - Self-enforcing international climate agreements ER - TY - JOUR TI - Prices vs. quantities: The effects on technology choice AU - Krysiak, Frank C. T2 - Journal of Public Economics AB - It is well-known that price- and quantity-based regulation approaches provide different investment incentives. But usually, only the effect on the level of investment is studied. In this paper, we show that under uncertainty, they also lead to the adoption of different technologies due to the disparate risks that a regulated firm is exposed to. Different regulatory instruments induce different technologies and this effect cannot be compensated by varying the design of the instruments. Furthermore, price-based instruments lead to the adoption of a socially suboptimal technology, so that the inclusion of technology choice provides a bias in favor of a quantity-based regulation compared with Weitzman's (Weitzman, M.L., 1974. Prices vs. quantities. Review of Economic Studies 41; 477–491) criterion. DA - 2008/06/01/ PY - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.11.003 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 92 IS - 5 SP - 1275 EP - 1287 J2 - Journal of Public Economics LA - en SN - 0047-2727 ST - Prices vs. quantities UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272707001831 Y2 - 2022/08/25/09:35:39 L2 - files/28020/S0047272707001831.html KW - Investment KW - Uncertainty KW - Regulation KW - Asymmetric information KW - Technology choice ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nationalist ideology, rightwing populism, and public views about climate change in Europe AU - Kulin, Joakim AU - Johansson Sevä, Ingemar AU - Dunlap, Riley E. T2 - Environmental Politics AB - Rising rightwing populism (RWP) potentially constitutes an obstacle to climate change mitigation, as European RWP parties and politicians often espouse climate change skepticism and oppose climate policies. Meanwhile, their party positions and issue stances have also become increasingly characterized by nationalism. Using European Social Survey data from 2016, we show that public attitudes consistent with nationalist ideology are clearly linked to voting for RWP parties and that people who hold these attitudes are more likely to be skeptical about climate change and to oppose policies that increase taxes on fossil fuels. With regard to policy attitudes, we find that nationalist ideology is more influential than traditional left-right political ideology, environmental values and political trust. The results also reveal substantial cross-national differences, as nationalist ideology is linked more closely to public views about climate change in Western European countries, where RWP parties with a nationalist rhetoric have had recent electoral successes. DA - 2021/11/10/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1080/09644016.2021.1898879 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 30 IS - 7 SP - 1111 EP - 1134 SN - 0964-4016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2021.1898879 Y2 - 2022/08/25/09:35:05 L1 - files/28021/Kulin et al_2021_Nationalist ideology, rightwing populism, and public views about climate change.pdf KW - political ideology KW - Climate change skepticism KW - climate policy attitudes KW - European Social Survey (ESS) KW - nationalism KW - rightwing populism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Right-wing populism and the climate change agenda: exploring the linkages AU - Lockwood, Matthew T2 - Environmental Politics AB - The rise of right-wing populism (RWP) poses a challenge for the climate agenda, as leaders and supporters tend to be climate sceptics and hostile to policy prescribing action on climate change. However, there is a surprising dearth of research that investigates the nature and causes of this association. Two kinds of explanation are considered, drawing on the literature on populism. One is termed ‘structuralist’, drawing on accounts of the roots of populism in economic and political marginalisation amongst those ‘left behind’ by globalisation and technological change. A second focuses on the ideological content of RWP, especially its antagonism between ‘the people’ and a cosmopolitan elite, with climate change and policy occupying a symbolic place in this contrast. It is argued that there are limits to the structuralist approach, and that an ideologically based explanation is more compelling. An agenda for future research on RWP and climate science and policy is proposed. DA - 2018/07/04/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1080/09644016.2018.1458411 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 712 EP - 732 SN - 0964-4016 ST - Right-wing populism and the climate change agenda UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2018.1458411 Y2 - 2022/08/25/09:34:31 L1 - files/28022/Lockwood_2018_Right-wing populism and the climate change agenda.pdf KW - climate policy KW - ideology KW - Populism KW - climate scepticism ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cap-and-trade, taxes, and distributional conflict AU - MacKenzie, Ian A. AU - Ohndorf, Markus T2 - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management AB - Enacting market-based environmental regulation, such as emissions taxes and cap-and-trade programs, often create rents that are contested by agents. In this paper, we create a framework that compares social welfare from alternative market-based environmental policy instruments under the presence of rent seeking. We show that, contrary to the commonly held view, non-revenue-raising instruments (NRRIs) are in many cases preferable over revenue-raising instruments (RRIs). We find that the choice of instrument depends on the size of a potential revenue-recycling effect and the level of preassigned rents. DA - 2012/01/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.jeem.2011.05.002 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 63 IS - 1 SP - 51 EP - 65 J2 - Journal of Environmental Economics and Management LA - en SN - 0095-0696 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069611000659 Y2 - 2022/08/25/09:33:24 L2 - files/28023/S0095069611000659.html KW - Cap-and-trade KW - Environmental tax KW - Rent seeking ER - TY - JOUR TI - Restricted Coasean bargaining AU - MacKenzie, Ian A. AU - Ohndorf, Markus T2 - Journal of Public Economics AB - We investigate the efficiency of Coasean bargaining when restrictions are placed on the set of feasible bargaining outcomes. When property rights are costly to (defend) appropriate, we find that bargaining restrictions may be Pareto superior to unconstrained voluntary exchange. Under cost uncertainty over the harmful activity, we show that an efficient configuration of restrictions must balance the potential reduction in appropriation costs with the possibility of allocatively inefficient bargaining restrictions. For an all-pay auction, we find conditions where precluding bargaining is always ex ante preferable to unrestricted bargaining. For cases where the restrictions are contested, we show conditions for the continuing existence of welfare improvements. DA - 2013/01/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.11.002 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 97 SP - 296 EP - 307 J2 - Journal of Public Economics LA - en SN - 0047-2727 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272712001302 Y2 - 2022/08/25/09:32:39 L1 - files/28024/MacKenzie_Ohndorf_2013_Restricted Coasean bargaining.pdf KW - All-pay auction KW - Bargaining restrictions KW - Coase theorem KW - Contest ER - TY - JOUR TI - The social cost of lobbying over climate policy AU - Meng, Kyle C. AU - Rode, Ashwin T2 - Nature Climate Change AB - Domestic political processes shape climate policy. In particular, there is increasing concern about the role of political lobbying over climate policy. This paper examines how lobbying spending on the Waxman–Markey bill, the most prominent and promising United States climate regulation so far, altered its likelihood of being implemented. We combine data from comprehensive United States lobbying records with an empirical method for forecasting the policy’s effect on the value of publicly listed firms. Our statistical analysis suggests that lobbying by firms expecting losses from the policy was more effective than lobbying by firms expecting gains. Interpreting this finding through a game-theoretic model, we calculate that lobbying lowered the probability of enacting the Waxman–Markey bill by 13 percentage points, representing an expected social cost of US$60 billion (in 2018 US dollars). Our findings also suggest how future climate policy proposals can be designed to be more robust to political opposition. DA - 2019/06// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1038/s41558-019-0489-6 DP - www.nature.com VL - 9 IS - 6 SP - 472 EP - 476 J2 - Nat. Clim. Chang. LA - en SN - 1758-6798 UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-019-0489-6 Y2 - 2022/08/25/09:31:17 L1 - files/28027/Meng_Rode_2019_The social cost of lobbying over climate policy.pdf L2 - files/28026/s41558-019-0489-6.html KW - Economics KW - Climate change KW - Politics KW - Climate-change policy KW - Business ER - TY - JOUR TI - Exploring Farmers’ Climate Change Perceptions and Adaptation Intentions: Empirical Evidence from Austria AU - Mitter, Hermine AU - Larcher, Manuela AU - Schönhart, Martin AU - Stöttinger, Magdalena AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Environmental Management AB - The lack of timely adaptation in agriculture may hamper prosperous farm developments by neglecting risks and opportunities emerging from climate change. Understanding farmers’ perceptual and socio-cognitive processes is key in order to encourage on-farm adaptation. We aim at investigating how farmers’ individual cognition on climate change and adaptation as well as socio-environmental context factors affect agricultural adaptation intention and avoidance. We build on the Model of Private Proactive Adaptation to Climate Change (MPPACC) and apply a qualitative interview approach in two Austrian farming regions. Twenty semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 29 farmers. Based on the results of the qualitative content analysis, we have identified four groups of farmers, which differ in the formation process of adaptation intention and avoidance: (i) climate change adaptors, (ii) integrative adaptors, (iii) cost-benefit calculators, and (iv) climate change fatalists. Farmers who are part of groups (i)–(iii) form adaptation intentions, whereas climate change fatalists do not intend to adapt. According to our analysis, adaptation intentions are only formed if farmers are aware of effective adaptation measures, accept personal responsibility for their farms, and evaluate adaptation costs positively (i.e. adaptation appraisal). Farmers’ climate change appraisal as well as farm and regional characteristics are also perceived relevant for farmers’ adaptation decisions but seem to be less important than adaptation appraisal. Therefore, we conclude that engagement strategies and outreach efforts need not only address risks and opportunities, but should also strengthen farmers’ self-responsibility and offer adaptation measures tailored to the regional characteristics and the farmers’ needs. DA - 2019/06/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1007/s00267-019-01158-7 DP - Springer Link VL - 63 IS - 6 SP - 804 EP - 821 J2 - Environmental Management LA - en SN - 1432-1009 ST - Exploring Farmers’ Climate Change Perceptions and Adaptation Intentions UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01158-7 Y2 - 2022/08/25/09:28:20 L1 - files/28028/Mitter et al_2019_Exploring Farmers’ Climate Change Perceptions and Adaptation Intentions.pdf KW - Adaptation avoidance KW - Agricultural climate change adaptation KW - Farmers’ perceptions and adaptation intentions KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Socio-cognitive process KW - Socio-environmental context factors ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate Clubs: Overcoming Free-Riding in International Climate Policy AU - Nordhaus, William T2 - American Economic Review AB - Notwithstanding great progress in scientific and economic understanding of climate change, it has proven difficult to forge international agreements because of free-riding, as seen in the defunct Kyoto Protocol. This study examines the club as a model for international climate policy. Based on economic theory and empirical modeling, it finds that without sanctions against non-participants there are no stable coalitions other than those with minimal abatement. By contrast, a regime with small trade penalties on non-participants, a Climate Club, can induce a large stable coalition with high levels of abatement. (JEL Q54, Q58, K32, K33) DA - 2015/04// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1257/aer.15000001 DP - www.aeaweb.org VL - 105 IS - 4 SP - 1339 EP - 1370 LA - en SN - 0002-8282 ST - Climate Clubs UR - https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.15000001 Y2 - 2022/08/25/09:22:27 L1 - files/28031/Nordhaus_2015_Climate Clubs.pdf L2 - files/28030/articles.html KW - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law, International Law, Climate KW - Global Warming, Environmental Economics: Government Policy KW - Natural Disasters and Their Management ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systematic review of the outcomes and trade-offs of ten types of decarbonization policy instruments AU - Peñasco, Cristina AU - Anadón, Laura Díaz AU - Verdolini, Elena T2 - Nature Climate Change AB - The literature evaluating the technical and socioeconomic outcomes of policy instruments used to support the transition to low-carbon economies is neither easily accessible nor comparable and often provides conflicting results. We develop and implement a framework to systematically review and synthesize the impact of ten types of decarbonization policy instruments on seven technical and socioeconomic outcomes. Our systematic review shows that the selected types of regulatory and economic and financial instruments are generally associated with positive impacts on environmental, technological and innovation outcomes. Several instruments are often associated with short-term negative impacts on competitiveness and distributional outcomes. We discuss how these trade-offs can be reduced or transformed into co-benefits by designing research and development and government procurement, deployment policies, carbon pricing and trading. We show how specific design features can promote competitiveness and reduce negative distributional impacts, particularly for small firms. An online interactive Decarbonisation Policy Evaluation Tool allows further analysis of the evidence. DA - 2021/03// PY - 2021 DO - 10.1038/s41558-020-00971-x DP - www.nature.com VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 257 EP - 265 J2 - Nat. Clim. Chang. LA - en SN - 1758-6798 UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-020-00971-x Y2 - 2022/08/25/09:09:29 L1 - files/28033/Peñasco et al_2021_Systematic review of the outcomes and trade-offs of ten types of.pdf L2 - files/28032/s41558-020-00971-x.html KW - Decision making KW - Social sciences KW - Policy KW - Climate-change policy KW - Energy and society KW - Carbon and energy ER -