TY - JOUR TI - Austrian climate policies and GHG-emissions since 1990: What is the role of climate policy integration? AU - Niedertscheider, Maria AU - Haas, Willi AU - Görg, Christoph T2 - Environmental Science & Policy AB - In 1990 Austria has committed to the Kyoto-protocol and later to the Paris Agreement. Since then, it has developed two climate strategies, has passed its first climate protection act, has adopted a strategy for adaptation to climate change and has implemented many new institutions, programmes and local to provincial climate change mitigation (CCM) measures. Indeed, Austrian GHG-emissions have been decreasing since 2005, giving reasons to suspect policy success. A closer analysis, however, challenges this impression. Here, we put climate policies since 1990 into perspective with other, often short-term drivers of GHG-emissions. Employing a conceptual framework, we evaluate the level of climate policy integration, which has been found key for successful climate policies in literature. This framework also helps us to detect benefits and shortcomings of past and existing CCM policies and so to derive insights relevant for policy-makers. We find that short-term climatic and socio-economic events overruled climate policies in their proximate GHG-emission effects, even when policies were implemented due to EU regulation after 2007. Policy effects are much more difficult to uncover, because they often happen within longer time-frames and are usually accompanied by indirect CCM-effects. In the background of accelerating climate change impacts in combination with associated high uncertainties, strengthening climate policies and integrating reflexive mechanisms that allow adjusting and continuously re-evaluating policy effectiveness, will become ever more important. Eliminating inconsistencies between CCM- and other sectoral policies and drastically reforming accounting schemes to include carbon leakage effects are particularly timely, yet considering political realities, very bold but necessary next step to make climate goals attainable. DA - 2018/03/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.envsci.2017.12.007 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 81 SP - 10 EP - 17 J2 - Environmental Science & Policy LA - en SN - 1462-9011 ST - Austrian climate policies and GHG-emissions since 1990 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901117309024 Y2 - 2020/09/25/12:41:35 L1 - files/18515/Niedertscheider et al_2018_Austrian climate policies and GHG-emissions since 1990.pdf L2 - files/13164/S1462901117309024.html KW - Austria KW - GHG emissions KW - Climate policy KW - Climate policy integration KW - Policy effectiveness ER - TY - JOUR TI - Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways AU - Geels, Frank W. AU - Schot, Johan T2 - Research Policy AB - Contributing to debates about transitions and system changes, this article has two aims. First, it uses criticisms on the multi-level perspective as stepping stones for further conceptual refinements. Second, it develops a typology of four transition pathways: transformation, reconfiguration, technological substitution, and de-alignment and re-alignment. These pathways differ in combinations of timing and nature of multi-level interactions. They are illustrated with historical examples. DA - 2007/04/01/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.003 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 399 EP - 417 J2 - Research Policy LA - en SN - 0048-7333 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733307000248 Y2 - 2020/10/31/15:43:13 L1 - files/14130/Geels_Schot_2007_Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways.pdf KW - Multi-level perspective KW - Transition pathways KW - Sociotechnical regime ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Environmental Impact of Green Consumption and Sufficiency Lifestyles Scenarios in Europe: Connecting Local Sustainability Visions to Global Consequences AU - Vita, Gibran AU - Lundström, Johan R. AU - Hertwich, Edgar G. AU - Quist, Jaco AU - Ivanova, Diana AU - Stadler, Konstantin AU - Wood, Richard T2 - Ecological Economics DA - 2019/10// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.05.002 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 164 SP - 106322 J2 - Ecological Economics LA - en SN - 09218009 ST - The Environmental Impact of Green Consumption and Sufficiency Lifestyles Scenarios in Europe UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800918308930 Y2 - 2020/11/11/10:49:19 L1 - files/18604/Vita et al_2019_The Environmental Impact of Green Consumption and Sufficiency Lifestyles.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Green Transitions, Just Transitions? Broadening and Deepening Justice AU - Stevis, Dimitris AU - Felli, Romain T2 - Kurswechsel DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 IS - 3 SP - 35 EP - 45 UR - http://www.beigewum.at/wp-content/uploads/KuWe-3_16-Stevis-Felli_Green-Transition-Just-Transition.pdf L1 - files/21291/Stevis_Felli_2016_Green Transitions, Just Transitions.pdf KW - FOD ER - TY - JOUR TI - Six policy intervention points for sustainability transitions: A conceptual framework and a systematic literature review AU - Kanger, L. AU - Sovacool, B.K. AU - Noorkõiv, M. T2 - Research Policy DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.respol.2020.104072 VL - 49 IS - 7 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087671626&doi=10.1016%2fj.respol.2020.104072&partnerID=40&md5=34312ef3431d01b7b8f6fe3452eac1d8 DB - Scopus L1 - files/15898/Kanger et al_2020_Six policy intervention points for sustainability transitions.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leverage points for sustainability transformation: a review on interventions in food and energy systems AU - Dorninger, C. AU - Abson, D.J. AU - Apetrei, C.I. AU - Derwort, P. AU - Ives, C.D. AU - Klaniecki, K. AU - Lam, D.P.M. AU - Langsenlehner, M. AU - Riechers, M. AU - Spittler, N. AU - von Wehrden, H. T2 - Ecological Economics AB - There is increasing recognition that sustainability science should be solutions orientated and that such solutions will often require transformative change. However, the concrete sustainability interventions are often not clearly communicated, especially when it comes to the transformative change being created. Using food and energy systems as illustrative examples we performed a quantitative systematic review of empirical research addressing sustainability interventions. We use a modified version of Donella Meadows' notion of ‘leverage points’ – places in complex systems where relatively small changes can lead to potentially transformative systemic changes – to classify different interventions according to their potential for system wide change and sustainability transformation. Our results indicate that the type of interventions studied in the literature are partially driven by research methods and problem framings and that ‘deep leverage points’ related to changing the system's rules, values and paradigms are rarely addressed. We propose that for initiating system wide transformative change, deep leverage points – the goals of a system, its intent, and rules – need to be addressed more directly. This, in turn, requires an explicit consideration of how scientific approaches shape and constrain our understanding of where we can intervene in complex systems. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106570 VL - 171 J2 - Ecol. Econ. LA - English SN - 09218009 (ISSN) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078910337&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecolecon.2019.106570&partnerID=40&md5=fff717ae1048eb22d9179ece35b580b4 DB - Scopus L1 - files/15899/Dorninger et al_2020_Leverage points for sustainability transformation.pdf L1 - files/16424/Dorninger et al_2020_Leverage points for sustainability transformation.pdf KW - energy efficiency KW - literature review KW - sustainability KW - food KW - Leverage points KW - Sustainability transformation KW - Energy system KW - Food system KW - research method KW - Sustainability interventions ER - TY - JOUR TI - Different pathways to a recycling society – Comparison of the transitions in Austria, Sweden and Finland AU - Salmenperä, H. T2 - Journal of Cleaner Production AB - The European Union has set strict recycling targets for municipal solid wastes, but the implementation of circularity is still hindered by a variety of present set-ups. This paper addresses the recycling transitions and their complex nature in Austria, Sweden and Finland and points out the differences that are connected to the level of success in recycling. Furthermore, this study identifies present lock-ins in the waste management regime to provide an understanding on the factors preventing further development towards a recycling society. This is done by analysing different waste policy documents and interviews of national waste experts. The study employs the multilevel perspective (MLP) framework that is a commonly used approach in sustainability transitions research. The results highlight the variety of social, political, technical and economic elements, but also the connections between them that result in a stable regime. The pathways to achieve the recycling society differ between Austria, Sweden and Finland. National waste policy, the division of responsibilities, the variety of infrastructure and collection systems in waste management, the level of general awareness, public-private co-operation and the quality of waste data act as key characteristics that reflect the success in the recycling transition. Identified lock-ins for recycling seem to be slightly stronger in Finland compared to Austria and Sweden, while some of the lock-ins are the same in all countries, such as incineration capacity, malfunction of markets of recyclables or lack of product design for recyclability. © 2021 DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125986 VL - 292 J2 - J. Clean. Prod. LA - English SN - 09596526 (ISSN) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099659235&doi=10.1016%2fj.jclepro.2021.125986&partnerID=40&md5=31f38f466b9fce55bca8457fa3f570f1 DB - Scopus L1 - files/15880/Salmenperä_2021_Different pathways to a recycling society – Comparison of the transitions in.pdf L1 - files/16366/Salmenperä_2021_Different pathways to a recycling society – Comparison of the transitions in.pdf L2 - files/16365/S0959652621002067.html KW - Transition KW - Recycling KW - Sustainability transition KW - Collection systems KW - Complex nature KW - Country comparison KW - Design for recyclability KW - European union KW - Information management KW - Key characteristics KW - Lock-ins KW - Locks (fasteners) KW - Management regime KW - MLP KW - Municipal solid waste KW - Municipal wastes KW - Product design KW - Recycling targets KW - Waste incineration KW - Waste management ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sufficiency transitions: A review of consumption changes for environmental sustainability AU - Sandberg, M. T2 - Journal of Cleaner Production AB - It has been argued that halting environmental degradation requires an approach of sufficiency, which entails substantial changes in consumption patterns for high-consuming classes, including a reduction in consumption levels. This article reviews the literature on sufficiency, asking two main questions: What are the specific consumption changes that the sufficiency literature suggests to reduce ecological footprints, and how can such consumption changes be advanced? The article uses a combination of semi-systematic and integrative review methodologies. The article shows that sufficiency may entail four types of consumption changes: absolute reductions, modal shifts, product longevity, and sharing practices. It provides an overview of sufficiency practices across four consumption categories: housing, nutrition, mobility, and miscellaneous consumption. In addition, the article identifies barriers and actors that can prevent or advance sufficiency transitions. Barriers to sufficiency transitions include consumer attitudes and behavior, culture, the economic system, the political system, and the physical environment. Actors include businesses, policymakers, citizens, NGOs, and educators. The article advances our understanding of sufficiency as a concept and the multidimensionality of sufficiency transitions. © 2021 The Author DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126097 VL - 293 J2 - J. Clean. Prod. LA - English SN - 09596526 (ISSN) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100415699&doi=10.1016%2fj.jclepro.2021.126097&partnerID=40&md5=89027db6306699a41e6a83b30f87b89a DB - Scopus L1 - files/15879/Sandberg_2021_Sufficiency transitions.pdf KW - Sufficiency KW - Sustainable consumption KW - Sustainability transitions KW - Green consumption KW - Literature review KW - Sufficiency transitions ER - TY - JOUR TI - Green, circular, bio economy: A comparative analysis of sustainability avenues AU - D'Amato, D. AU - Droste, N. AU - Allen, B. AU - Kettunen, M. AU - Lähtinen, K. AU - Korhonen, J. AU - Leskinen, P. AU - Matthies, B.D. AU - Toppinen, A. T2 - Journal of Cleaner Production AB - Despite their evidently different assumptions and operationalization strategies, the concepts of Circular Economy, Green Economy and Bioeconomy are joined by the common ideal to reconcile economic, environmental and social goals. The three concepts are currently mainstreamed in academia and policy making as key sustainability avenues, but a comparative analysis of such concepts is missing. The aim of this article is thus to comprehensively analyse the diversity within and between such concepts. The results are drawn from a bibliometric review of almost two thousand scientific articles published within the last three decades, coupled with a conceptual analysis. We find that, for what concerns environmental sustainability, Green Economy acts as an ‘umbrella' concept, including elements from Circular Economy and Bioeconomy concepts (e.g. eco-efficiency; renewables), as well as additional ideas, e.g. nature-based solutions. In particular, Circular Economy and Bioeconomy are resource-focused, whereas in principle Green Economy acknowledges the underpinning role of all ecological processes. Regarding the social dimension, Green Economy is more inclusive of some aspects at local level (e.g. eco-tourism, education), while there is an emerging discussion in Bioeconomy literature around local processes in terms of biosecurity and rural policies. When considering weak/strong sustainability visions, all concepts remain limited in questioning economic growth. By comparing the different sustainability strategies promoted by these concepts we do not advocate for their substitutability, but for their clarification and reciprocal integration. The findings are discussed in light of the concepts' synergies and limits, with the purpose to inform research and policy implementation. © 2017 The Authors DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.053 VL - 168 SP - 716 EP - 734 J2 - J. Clean. Prod. LA - English SN - 09596526 (ISSN) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030721949&doi=10.1016%2fj.jclepro.2017.09.053&partnerID=40&md5=2676156cc2ea7d27af16c2ab86ab61d5 DB - Scopus L1 - files/16278/D'Amato et al_2017_Green, circular, bio economy.pdf KW - Sustainable development KW - Economics KW - Environmental sustainability KW - Sustainability KW - Circular economy KW - Green economy KW - Comparative analysis KW - Bioeconomy KW - Education KW - Green economies KW - Latent dirichlet allocation KW - Latent Dirichlet allocation KW - Learning systems KW - Machine learning KW - Policy implementations KW - Statistics KW - Sustainability strategies ER - TY - RPRT TI - Referenzplan als Grundlage für einen wissenschaftlich fundierten und mit den Pariser Klimazielen in Einklang stehenden Nationalen Energie- und Klimaplan für Österreich (Ref-NEKP) Gesamtband AU - Kirchengast, Gottfried AU - Kromp-Kolb, Helga AU - Steininger, Karl AU - Stagl, Sigrid AU - Kirchner, Mathias AU - Ambach, Christoph AU - Grohs, Julia AU - Gutsohn, Andrea AU - Peisker, Jonas AU - Strunk, Birte AU - (KIOES), Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological Studies CY - Wien DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 SP - 204 LA - de PB - Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften ST - Referenzplan als Grundlage für einen wissenschaftlich fundierten und mit den Pariser Klimazielen in Einklang stehenden Nationalen Energie- und Klimaplan für Österreich (Ref-NEKP) Vision 2050 und Umsetzungspfade UR - https://epub.oeaw.ac.at/8497-3 Y2 - 2020/03/28/15:59:47 L1 - files/15977/Kirchengast et al_2019_Referenzplan als Grundlage für einen wissenschaftlich fundierten und mit den.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pathways: An emerging concept for the theory and governance of low-carbon transitions AU - Rosenbloom, Daniel T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - The concept of “pathways” has increasingly come to frame the challenge of transitioning to low-carbon societies. It also shows promise as a bridging concept, encouraging constructive dialogue among the diverse perspectives and constituencies evoking its use. However, its interpretations and attributes are rarely explicit and have yet to be subject to serious scrutiny. This raises important questions for both theory and governance as the way in which a problem is framed shapes how it is understood and addressed, structuring the possibilities considered and privileging certain responses. Therefore, this study explores the concept of pathways in the context of low-carbon transitions, exposing its conceptions, maturation, and implications. Based on a survey of the relevant climate change mitigation literature, this analysis uncovers three core conceptions of pathways in the context of low-carbon transitions: (1) biophysical, (2) techno-economic, and (3) socio-technical. Constituted by diverse perspectives and approaches, each of these three core conceptions emphasize different yet interconnected dimensions of the decarbonization challenge. This analysis also points to several key attributes and functions of the concept of pathways. Yet, while the concept may possess a variety of features that recommend its use as a critical problem frame for low-carbon transitions, it also raises issues that suggest a need for further reflexivity. If the concept is cast too strongly in terms of individual core conceptions, there may be a tendency to emphasize certain dynamics while paying somewhat less attention to others, inadvertently diminishing the complexity of the decarbonization challenge. Beyond this, there are other facets of the concept that have to date received more limited attention, including the implications of choices at critical junctures and the evolving character of social practices. So, there is room for the concept of pathways to engage more fully with the range of complexities embodied by low-carbon transitions. DA - 2017/03/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.12.011 VL - 43 SP - 37 EP - 50 J2 - Global Environmental Change SN - 0959-3780 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378016306926 L1 - files/15995/Rosenbloom_2017_Pathways.pdf KW - Transitions KW - Pathways KW - Climate change mitigation KW - Decarbonization KW - Low-carbon KW - Transformations ER - TY - JOUR TI - Grundlagen zu Entwicklung einer Low Carbon Development Strategy in Österreich AU - Hochgerner, Josef AU - Dobner, Susanne AU - Feichtinger, Judith AU - Haas, WIlli AU - Hausknost, Daniel AU - Kulmer, Veronika AU - Niederl, Andreas AU - Omann, Ines AU - Seebauer, Sebastian DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DP - Zotero SP - 49 LA - de L1 - files/16008/Hochgerner et al_2016_Grundlagen zu Entwicklung einer Low Carbon Development Strategy in Österreich.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The use of scenarios as the basis for combined assessment of climate change mitigation and adaptation AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Isaac, Morna AU - Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W. AU - Arnell, Nigel AU - Barker, Terry AU - Criqui, Patrick AU - Berkhout, Frans AU - Hilderink, Henk AU - Hinkel, Jochen AU - Hof, Andries AU - Kitous, Alban AU - Kram, Tom AU - Mechler, Reinhard AU - Scrieciu, Serban T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - Scenarios are used to explore the consequences of different adaptation and mitigation strategies under uncertainty. In this paper, two scenarios are used to explore developments with (1) no mitigation leading to an increase of global mean temperature of 4 8C by 2100 and (2) an ambitious mitigation strategy leading to 2 8C increase by 2100. For the second scenario, uncertainties in the climate system imply that a global mean temperature increase of 3 8C or more cannot be ruled out. Our analysis shows that, in many cases, adaptation and mitigation are not trade-offs but supplements. For example, the number of people exposed to increased water resource stress due to climate change can be substantially reduced in the mitigation scenario, but adaptation will still be required for the remaining large numbers of people exposed to increased stress. Another example is sea level rise, for which, from a global and purely monetary perspective, adaptation (up to 2100) seems more effective than mitigation. From the perspective of poorer and small island countries, however, stringent mitigation is necessary to keep risks at manageable levels. For agriculture, only a scenario based on a combination of adaptation and mitigation is able to avoid serious climate change impacts. DA - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.11.003 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 575 EP - 591 J2 - Global Environmental Change LA - en SN - 09593780 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378010001068 Y2 - 2021/03/05/09:58:54 L1 - files/16010/van Vuuren et al_2011_The use of scenarios as the basis for combined assessment of climate change.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transition pathways for a UK low carbon electricity future AU - Foxon, Timothy J. T2 - Energy Policy AB - Achieving long-term targets for greenhouse gas emissions reductions, such as the UK’s legally-binding target of reducing its emissions by 80% by 2050, will require a transition in systems for meeting and shaping energy service demands, involving radical substitution to low-carbon supply technologies and improvements in end-use energy efficiency. This paper describes the development and high-level analysis of a set of transition pathways to a UK low carbon electricity system, explaining key features of the core pathways developed and the distinctiveness and value of the approach. The pathways use an ‘action space’ concept to explore the dynamic interactions between choices made by actors, which are influenced by the competing governance ‘framings’ or ‘logics’ that different actors pursue. The paper sets out three core transition pathways – Market Rules, Central Co-ordination and Thousand Flowers, in which market, government and civil society logics respectively dominate. It summarises the key technological and institutional changes in these pathways, and the roles of actors in bringing these about. This leads to an identification of the key risks to the realisation of each of the pathways, and of the challenges for individuals, businesses, social movements and policy-makers in taking action to bring them about and sustain them. DA - 2013/01// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.001 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 52 SP - 10 EP - 24 J2 - Energy Policy LA - en SN - 03014215 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301421512002868 Y2 - 2021/03/01/09:19:40 L1 - files/16018/Foxon_2013_Transition pathways for a UK low carbon electricity future.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scenarios for a 2 °C world: a trade-linked input–output model with high sector detail AU - De Koning, A. AU - Huppes, G. AU - Deetman, S. AU - Tukker, A. T2 - Climate Policy AB - In this study a scenario model is used to examine if foreseen technological developments are capable of reducing CO2 emissions in 2050 to a level consistent with United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreements, which aim at maximizing the temperature rise to 2 °C compared to pre-industrial levels. The model is based on a detailed global environmentally extended supply–use table (EE SUT) for the year 2000, called EXIOBASE. This global EE SUT allows calculating how the final demand in each region drives activities in production sectors, and hence related CO2 emissions, in each region. Using this SUT framework, three scenarios have been constructed for the year 2050. The first is a business-as-usual scenario (BAU), which takes into account population, economic growth, and efficiency improvements. The second is a techno-scenario (TS), adding feasible and probable climate mitigation technologies to the BAU scenario. The third is the towards-2-degrees scenario (2DS), with a demand shift or growth reduction scenario added to the TS to create a 2 °C scenario. The emission results of the three scenarios are roughly in line with outcomes of typical scenarios from integrated assessment models. Our approach indicates that the 2 °C target seems difficult to reach with advanced CO2 emission reduction technologies alone. Policy relevance The overall outlook in this scenario study is not optimistic. We show that CO2 emissions from steel and cement production and air and sea transport will become dominant in 2050. They are difficult to reduce further. Using biofuels in air and sea transport will probably be problematic due to the fact that agricultural production largely will be needed to feed a rising global population and biofuel use for electricity production grows substantially in 2050. It seems that a more pervasive pressure towards emission reduction is required, also influencing the basic fabric of society in terms of types and volumes of energy use, materials use, and transport. Reducing envisaged growth levels, hence reducing global gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, might be one final contribution needed for moving to the 2 °C target, but is not on political agendas now. © 2015 Taylor & Francis. DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1080/14693062.2014.999224 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 301 EP - 317 J2 - Clim. Policy LA - English SN - 14693062 (ISSN) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923008584&doi=10.1080%2f14693062.2014.999224&partnerID=40&md5=db57cfaaacf099e89965ef583c130ac8 DB - Scopus KW - economic growth KW - scenario KW - resource use KW - carbon dioxide KW - carbon emission KW - economic impact KW - emission control KW - environmental economics KW - supply–use tables KW - technological development KW - technology development KW - trade-environment relations KW - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ER - TY - JOUR TI - Four low-carbon futures for a Swedish society beyond GDP growth AU - Fauré, E. AU - Finnveden, G. AU - Gunnarsson-Östling, U. T2 - Journal of Cleaner Production AB - This paper describes how different backcasting scenarios for developments beyond traditional GDP growth 2050, in Sweden may fulfil a climate goal corresponding to keeping global warming to a maximum 1.5 °C with 50% likelihood. This corresponds to a 92% decrease of greenhouse gas emissions from Swedish consumption from today's level. The four scenarios illustrate different strategies: 1) collaborative economy, 2) local self-sufficiency, 3) automation for quality of life and 4) circular economy in the welfare state. The aim is to further hone and quantify the scenario narratives with a focus on greenhouse gas emissions occurring as a result of Swedish consumption, both private and public. The results show that the climate target can be met in all scenarios but this requires radical sector-specific as well as general changes, including decarbonisation, technology development, increased efficiencies, innovative practices and reduced demand. The mix of these strategies varies for different sectors and different scenarios, but all are needed to reach the climate goals. As we assume that Sweden is fossil-free 2050, particular areas of attention are diets, travel, emission intensities in other countries and the level of imports. Potential implications for other environmental goals, land use and biodiversity as well as the potential magnitude of negative emissions technologies, although uncertain and limited, that could offset some additional greenhouse gas emissions are discussed. © 2019 DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.070 VL - 236 J2 - J. Clean. Prod. LA - English SN - 09596526 (ISSN) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069702281&doi=10.1016%2fj.jclepro.2019.07.070&partnerID=40&md5=f4af57139079b384acafd73e6b5eb10d DB - Scopus L1 - files/16031/Fauré et al_2019_Four low-carbon futures for a Swedish society beyond GDP growth.pdf KW - Economics KW - Global warming KW - Biodiversity KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Carbon KW - Circular economy KW - Land use KW - Quality of life KW - Climate targets KW - Decarbonisation KW - Emission intensity KW - Environmental technology KW - Gas emissions KW - Innovative practices KW - Low-carbon futures KW - Technology development ER - TY - JOUR TI - Narratives of change: How social innovation initiatives construct societal transformation AU - Wittmayer, J.M. AU - Backhaus, J. AU - Avelino, F. AU - Pel, B. AU - Strasser, T. AU - Kunze, I. AU - Zuijderwijk, L. T2 - Futures AB - Alongside current policy discourses on the transformative potentials of social innovation, social innovation initiatives also construct their own accounts of how society can be transformed and by whom. Building on state-of-the-art futures studies and narrative research and their linkages, this article unfolds these narratives of change (NoC) by social innovation initiatives. A tripartite framework is used to analyse and discuss the content, construction and role of the NoC of four initiatives: Ashoka, the Global Ecovillage Network, RIPESS and Shareable. The analysis shows that all NoC suggest alternative economic arrangements that challenge the current neoliberal, capitalist system, including the dominant policy narrative of (social) innovation for economic growth. It further highlights the pivotal role of NoC in the construction of individual and social identities and the efforts dedicated to the development and communication of collectively shared worldviews. Differences in NoC are identified regarding the more deliberative or rather hierarchical ways of narrative construction. Concluding reflections highlight how NoC reveal the failings of current systems and suggest alternatives, that their construction mirrors and thereby tests the model of change advocated by social innovation initiatives and that NoC may lure actors into enrolment by offering opportunities to engage in meaning-making. DA - 2019/09/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.futures.2019.06.005 VL - 112 SP - 102433 J2 - Futures SN - 0016-3287 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016328718305019 L1 - files/16050/Wittmayer et al_2019_Narratives of change.pdf KW - Societal transformation KW - Alternative futures KW - Counter-narratives KW - Narratives of change KW - Social innovation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tipping Toward Sustainability: Emerging Pathways of Transformation AU - Westley, Frances AU - Olsson, Per AU - Folke, Carl AU - Homer-Dixon, Thomas AU - Vredenburg, Harrie AU - Loorbach, Derk AU - Thompson, John AU - Nilsson, Måns AU - Lambin, Eric AU - Sendzimir, Jan AU - Banerjee, Banny AU - Galaz, Victor AU - van der Leeuw, Sander T2 - AMBIO AB - This article explores the links between agency, institutions, and innovation in navigating shifts and large-scale transformations toward global sustainability. Our central question is whether social and technical innovations can reverse the trends that are challenging critical thresholds and creating tipping points in the earth system, and if not, what conditions are necessary to escape the current lock-in. Large-scale transformations in information technology, nano- and biotechnology, and new energy systems have the potential to significantly improve our lives; but if, in framing them, our globalized society fails to consider the capacity of the biosphere, there is a risk that unsustainable development pathways may be reinforced. Current institutional arrangements, including the lack of incentives for the private sector to innovate for sustainability, and the lags inherent in the path dependent nature of innovation, contribute to lock-in, as does our incapacity to easily grasp the interactions implicit in complex problems, referred to here as the ingenuity gap. Nonetheless, promising social and technical innovations with potential to change unsustainable trajectories need to be nurtured and connected to broad institutional resources and responses. In parallel, institutional entrepreneurs can work to reduce the resilience of dominant institutional systems and position viable shadow alternatives and niche regimes. DA - 2011/10/06/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.1007/s13280-011-0186-9 VL - 40 IS - 7 SP - 762 J2 - AMBIO SN - 1654-7209 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0186-9 L1 - files/16052/Westley et al_2011_Tipping Toward Sustainability.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Transformation pathways of phasing out coal-fired power plants in Germany AU - Vögele, S. AU - Kunz, P. AU - Rübbelke, D. AU - Stahlke, T. T2 - Energy, Sustainability and Society AB - Background: While there are plenty of studies investigating the market penetration of new technologies, phase-out processes of a predominant technology are rarely analyzed. The present study explores the case of a declining technology, employing the example of coal-fired power plants in Germany. These plants were promoted by governmental decision-makers as well as by the industry for a long time, but meanwhile, the phase-out or at least a cutback of coal-fired power plants is––not only in Germany––considered to be a key strategy for the transformation towards a sustainable society. Methods: We investigate potential pathways of the future development of the coal-fired power plant sector in an extended multi-level perspective (MLP) framework that integrates economic, social, political, and technical aspects. Results: Taking into account the fact that coal is losing its support from several important stakeholders (e.g., governmental decision-makers, utilities) due to, e.g., changes in the prioritization of political goals, changes in the economic framework, in actor constellations, and in public attitudes, coal-fired power plants tend to be pushed into niches or to disappear completely. Conclusions: A reasonable management of the niche technology “coal-fired power plants” could include a protection of space for ensuring a smooth removal of the links between the regime and the technology with respect to, e.g., social and environmental aspects. The phase-out pathways for the coal-fired power plants elaborated on in this paper help to better inform policy-makers to design transformation processes not only for coal-fired power but also for other declining technologies. © 2018, The Author(s). DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1186/s13705-018-0166-z VL - 8 IS - 1 J2 - Energy Sustainability Soc. LA - English SN - 21920567 (ISSN) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051239797&doi=10.1186%2fs13705-018-0166-z&partnerID=40&md5=218f050d4a62d75c3c211d7ca4973426 DB - Scopus L1 - files/15828/Vögele et al_2018_Transformation pathways of phasing out coal-fired power plants in Germany.pdf KW - Sustainable development KW - Decision making KW - Multi-level perspective KW - government KW - technological change KW - stakeholder KW - Germany KW - Coal KW - decision making KW - policy making KW - Environmental technology KW - Actor constellation KW - Coal fueled furnaces KW - Coal industry KW - coal-fired power plant KW - Coal-fired power plant KW - Coal-fired power plants KW - economic conditions KW - energy market KW - Fire tube boilers KW - Fossil fuel power plants KW - Mining KW - Multilevels KW - Phase-out KW - Social and environmental KW - Sustainable society KW - Transformation pathways KW - Transformation process ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparing transformation pathways across major economies AU - Schaeffer, R. AU - Köberle, A. AU - van Soest, H. L. AU - Bertram, C. AU - Luderer, G. AU - Riahi, K. AU - Krey, V. AU - van Vuuren, D. P. AU - Kriegler, E. AU - Fujimori, S. AU - Chen, W. AU - He, C. AU - Vrontisi, Z. AU - Vishwanathan, S. AU - Garg, A. AU - Mathur, R. AU - Shekhar, S. AU - Oshiro, K. AU - Ueckerdt, F. AU - Safonov, G. AU - Iyer, G. AU - Gi, K. AU - Potashnikov, V. T2 - Climatic Change AB - This paper explores the consequences of different policy assumptions and the derivation of globally consistent, national low-carbon development pathways for the seven largest greenhouse gas (GHG)–emitting countries (EU28 as a bloc) in the world, covering approximately 70% of global CO2 emissions, in line with their contributions to limiting global average temperature increase to well below 2 °C as compared with pre-industrial levels. We introduce the methodology for developing these pathways by initially discussing the process by which global integrated assessment model (IAM) teams interacted and derived boundary conditions in the form of carbon budgets for the different countries. Carbon budgets so derived for the 2011–2050 period were then used in eleven different national energy-economy models and IAMs for producing low-carbon pathways for the seven countries in line with a well below 2 °C world up to 2050. We present a comparative assessment of the resulting pathways and of the challenges and opportunities associated with them. Our results indicate quite different mitigation pathways for the different countries, shown by the way emission reductions are split between different sectors of their economies and technological alternatives. DA - 2020/10/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1007/s10584-020-02837-9 VL - 162 IS - 4 SP - 1787 EP - 1803 J2 - Climatic Change SN - 1573-1480 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02837-9 L1 - files/15841/Schaeffer et al_2020_Comparing transformation pathways across major economies.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Narrating climate futures: shared socioeconomic pathways and literary fiction AU - Nikoleris, A. AU - Stripple, J. AU - Tenngart, P. T2 - Climatic Change AB - In parallel with five new scientific scenarios of alternative societal developments (shared socioeconomic pathways, SSPs), a wide range of literary representations of a future world in which climate change comes to matter have emerged in the last decade. Both kinds of narrative are important forms of “world-making.” This article initiates a conversation between science and literature through situating, relating, and comparing contemporary climate change fiction to the five SSPs. A parallel reading of the SSPs and the novels provides the means to make links between larger societal trends and personal accounts of climate change. The article shows how literary fiction creates engagement with climate change through particular accounts of agency and focalized perspectives in a different way than how the factors important to challenges of mitigation and adaptation are narrated in the SSPs. Through identification with the protagonists in literary fiction, climate futures become close and personal rather than distant and abstract. © 2017, The Author(s). DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1007/s10584-017-2020-2 VL - 143 IS - 3-4 SP - 307 EP - 319 J2 - Clim. Change LA - English SN - 01650009 (ISSN) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021874129&doi=10.1007%2fs10584-017-2020-2&partnerID=40&md5=64aa962d033f9e714dd14a87406b6b77 DB - Scopus L1 - files/15846/Nikoleris et al_2017_Narrating climate futures.pdf KW - climate change KW - literature review KW - Climate change KW - nature-society relations KW - Abstracting KW - climate effect KW - trend analysis ER - TY - JOUR TI - Getting from here to there - energy technology transformation pathways in the EMF27 scenarios AU - Krey, V. AU - Luderer, G. AU - Clarke, L. AU - Kriegler, E. T2 - Climatic Change AB - Based on a large number of energy-economic and integrated assessment models, the Energy Modeling Forum (EMF) 27 study systematically explores the implications of technology cost and availability for feasibility and macroeconomic costs of energy system transformations toward climate stabilization. At the highest level, the technology strategy articulated in all the scenarios in EMF27 includes three elements: decarbonization of energy supply, increasing the use of low-carbon energy carriers in end-use, and reduction of energy use. The way that the scenarios differ is in the degree to which these different elements of strategy are implemented, the timing of those implementations, and the associated macroeconomic costs. The study also discusses the value of individual technologies for achieving climate stabilization. A robust finding is that the unavailability of carbon capture and storage and limited availability of bioenergy have the largest impact on feasibility and macroeconomic costs for stabilizing atmospheric concentrations at low levels, mostly because of their combined ability to remove carbon from the atmosphere. Constraining options in the electric sector such as nuclear power, wind and solar energy in contrast has a much smaller impact on the cost of mitigation. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1007/s10584-013-0947-5 VL - 123 IS - 3-4 SP - 369 EP - 382 J2 - Clim. Change LA - English SN - 01650009 (ISSN) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898545073&doi=10.1007%2fs10584-013-0947-5&partnerID=40&md5=bc2fe6a4ac6603a491392eb758b51db7 DB - Scopus L1 - files/15851/Krey et al_2014_Getting from here to there - energy technology transformation pathways in the.pdf KW - Technology KW - Transformation pathways KW - Energy system transformation KW - Atmospheric concentration KW - Carbon capture KW - Carbon capture and storage KW - Climate models KW - Climate stabilization KW - Costs KW - Individual technology KW - Integrated assessment models KW - Solar energy KW - Stabilization KW - Technology strategies ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of near-term policy choices on long-term greenhouse gas transformation pathways AU - Isley, Steven C. AU - Lempert, Robert J. AU - Popper, Steven W. AU - Vardavas, Raffaele T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - To successfully limit climate change, today’s greenhouse gas mitigation policies should encourage reductions that will continue for decades. History suggests, however, that some policy reforms lead to societal changes that persist over the long-term while others fade without long-term effect. Current climate policy literature provides little guidance on how today’s policy choices can successfully shape long-term emission reduction paths. To address such questions, this paper introduces a new agent-based, game theoretic model designed to compare how near-term choices regarding alternative policy architectures influence long-term emission reduction trajectories. Drawing on political science literature that identifies the characteristics of policies that persist over time, this simulation for the first time integrates the co-evolution of an industry sector, its technology base, and the shifting political coalitions that influence the future stringency of the government’s emission reduction policies—all as influenced by the initial choice of policy architecture. An exploratory modeling analysis that represents deeply uncertain phenomena such as the future potential for innovation and the behavior of future governments draws policy-relevant conclusions from this model. The analysis finds that near-term choices regarding the architecture of a carbon pricing policy may affect long-term decarbonization rates significantly. In particular, such rates are higher if program revenues are returned to firms in proportion to their market share, thus, creating a political constituency for continuing the carbon pricing policy. More generally, the analysis provides a framework for considering how near-term policy choices can affect long-term emission transformation pathways within integrated assessment models. DA - 2015/09/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.06.008 VL - 34 SP - 147 EP - 158 J2 - Global Environmental Change SN - 0959-3780 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378015300029 L1 - files/15857/Isley et al_2015_The effect of near-term policy choices on long-term greenhouse gas.pdf KW - Climate change KW - Sustainability transitions KW - Transformation pathways KW - Agent based modeling KW - Coalition formation KW - Policy persistence ER - TY - JOUR TI - Austria’s Path to a Climate-Friendly Society and Economy—Contributions of an Environmental Tax Reform AU - Goers, Sebastian AU - Schneider, Friedrich T2 - Modern Economy AB - In the present study, we explore an environmental tax reform for Austria as an instrument to achieve the main objectives of the current Austrian Climate and Energy Strategy #mission2030. Our concept aims at a dual objective of reducing CO2-eq emissions, while simultaneously further triggering innovation processes of the Austrian industry, resulting in a transfer of benefits to society. The focused measures at the national level to achieve climate protection comprise an increase of the mineral oil tax and the introduction of CO2-eq taxation for non-EU-ETS sectors. These taxes create revenues which are recycled through 1) reductions of non-wage labor costs for companies, 2) compensation transfers for private households of low- and middle-income groups, 3) investment in research and innovation for industry and 4) investments in key technologies to advance #mission2030, such as alternative propulsion systems (electric, H2), and the use of biomethane for space heating and thermal renovation. Results of simulations for the period 2020 to 2025 via a macro-sectoral model display the potential for multiple dividends if the revenues are reused this way. Furthermore, besides offering significant reductions of CO2e emissions, the proposed reform triggers positive impacts on GDP, employment, and private consumption, thereby ensuring social compatibility. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.4236/me.2019.105092 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 10 IS - 05 SP - 1369 EP - 1384 J2 - ME LA - en SN - 2152-7245, 2152-7261 UR - http://www.scirp.org/journal/doi.aspx?DOI=10.4236/me.2019.105092 Y2 - 2021/03/12/05:53:35 L1 - files/16105/Goers_Schneider_2019_Austria’s Path to a Climate-Friendly Society and Economy—Contributions of an.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Energiezukunft Österreich - Szenario für 2030 und 2050 AU - Veigl, Andreas DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 PB - WWF, Global 2000, greenpeace L1 - files/16108/Veigl_2015_Energiezukunft Österreich - Szenario für 2030 und 2050.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Feasibility Study Endbericht AU - Streicher, Wolfgang AU - Schnitzer, Hans AU - Titz, Michaela AU - Graz, TU AU - Haas, Reinhard AU - Kalt, Gerald AU - Wien, TU AU - Damm, Andrea AU - Steininger, Karl AU - Oblasser, Stephan AU - Tirol, Landesenergiebeauftragter AU - Cerveny, Michael AU - Veigl, Andreas AU - Kaltschmitt, Martin AU - Hamburg-Harburg, Universität DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Zotero SP - 140 LA - de L1 - files/16109/Streicher et al_2010_Feasibility Study Endbericht.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Overview of Low-Carbon Development Strategies in European Countries AU - Kampel, Elisabeth AU - Titz, Michaela AU - Neier, Henrik AU - Ahamer, Gilbert AU - Moosmann, Lorenz AU - Schmid, Carmen AU - Young, Katrina AU - Dauwe, Tom AU - Józwicka, Magdalena T2 - Eionet Report - ETC/ACM 2018/12 CY - Eindhoven DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 PB - European Topic Centre on Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation L1 - files/16111/Kampel et al_2018_Overview of Low-Carbon Development Strategies in European Countries.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Multi-Pattern Approach for systematic analysis of transition pathways AU - de Haan, F.J. AU - Rogers, B.C. T2 - Sustainability (Switzerland) AB - Pathways have become a central notion in various areas of research, amongst which are the studies of transitions to sustainability. Though various typologies and concepts are available, a framework for systematic analysis of transition pathways is lacking. We present the Multi-Pattern Approach (MPA) to fill this lacuna and provide a step-by-step manual for its application. The MPA addresses a range of traditional challenges of transitions' pathway analysis, such as temporal and functional system demarcation and the unravelling of complex, interrelated systemic storylines. The approach provides an oft-called for rigour which allows a diagrammatic and formulaic representation of transitions' pathways. Because of these qualities, the approach allows systematic cross-case comparison and provides a bridge between narrative-based and computational transitions research. The approach is demonstrated with an in-depth empirical case study of water management in Melbourne, Australia over the last 180 years. The article first presents a high-level mapping of the system's evolution over time and a detailed analysis of the uptake and phasing out of specific servicing technologies and practices. © 2019 by the authors. DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.3390/su11020318 VL - 11 IS - 2 J2 - Sustainability LA - English SN - 20711050 (ISSN) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059754625&doi=10.3390%2fsu11020318&partnerID=40&md5=f1c174e1d2893e3ec93552d74ec94aff DB - Scopus L1 - files/16112/de Haan_Rogers_2019_The Multi-Pattern Approach for systematic analysis of transition pathways.pdf KW - Modelling KW - Pathways KW - water management KW - Australia KW - sustainability KW - Sustainability transitions KW - modeling KW - Analysis KW - comparative study KW - Lacuna KW - management practice KW - Melbourne KW - Multi-pattern approach KW - multicriteria analysis KW - typology KW - Urbanwater KW - Victoria [Australia] ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scenarios in Global Environmental Assessments: Key characteristics and lessons for future use AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Kok, Marcel T.J. AU - Girod, Bastien AU - Lucas, Paul L. AU - de Vries, Bert T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - Over the last 10 years a large set of global environmental assessment studies has been published that include scenario projections. Comparison of these studies shows that there is actually a limited set of scenario families that form the basis of many scenarios used in different environmental assessments. Mapping these scenario families allow a simpler comparison across the different assessments. The fact that many assessments can be positioned within these families gives some confidence of their relevance. It is also noticeable that several recent assessments have been focusing on more focussed policy-scenarios as variant to a single baseline. This is partly a response to a different stage in the policy-making process. While there are clear advantages of both categories of scenarios (explorative scenarios and baseline/policy variants), it might be important to test the robustness of scenario outcomes of the policy-scenario approach against the different storyline scenario-families identified in this paper. DA - 2012/10/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.06.001 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 884 EP - 895 J2 - Global Environmental Change SN - 0959-3780 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378012000635 L1 - files/16268/van Vuuren et al_2012_Scenarios in Global Environmental Assessments.pdf L2 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378012000635 KW - Scenarios KW - Integrated assessment KW - Global Environmental Assessment ER - TY - JOUR TI - Social tipping dynamics for stabilizing Earth’s climate by 2050 AU - Otto, Ilona M. AU - Donges, Jonathan F. AU - Cremades, Roger AU - Bhowmik, Avit AU - Hewitt, Richard J. AU - Lucht, Wolfgang AU - Rockström, Johan AU - Allerberger, Franziska AU - McCaffrey, Mark AU - Doe, Sylvanus S. P. AU - Lenferna, Alex AU - Morán, Nerea AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences AB - Safely achieving the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement requires a worldwide transformation to carbon-neutral societies within the next 30 y. Accelerated technological progress and policy implementations are required to deliver emissions reductions at rates sufficiently fast to avoid crossing dangerous tipping points in the Earth’s climate system. Here, we discuss and evaluate the potential of social tipping interventions (STIs) that can activate contagious processes of rapidly spreading technologies, behaviors, social norms, and structural reorganization within their functional domains that we refer to as social tipping elements (STEs). STEs are subdomains of the planetary socioeconomic system where the required disruptive change may take place and lead to a sufficiently fast reduction in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The results are based on online expert elicitation, a subsequent expert workshop, and a literature review. The STIs that could trigger the tipping of STE subsystems include 1) removing fossil-fuel subsidies and incentivizing decentralized energy generation (STE1, energy production and storage systems), 2) building carbon-neutral cities (STE2, human settlements), 3) divesting from assets linked to fossil fuels (STE3, financial markets), 4) revealing the moral implications of fossil fuels (STE4, norms and value systems), 5) strengthening climate education and engagement (STE5, education system), and 6) disclosing information on greenhouse gas emissions (STE6, information feedbacks). Our research reveals important areas of focus for larger-scale empirical and modeling efforts to better understand the potentials of harnessing social tipping dynamics for climate change mitigation. DA - 2020/02/04/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1073/pnas.1900577117 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 117 IS - 5 SP - 2354 EP - 2365 J2 - Proc Natl Acad Sci USA LA - en SN - 0027-8424, 1091-6490 UR - http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1900577117 Y2 - 2021/03/12/10:08:47 L1 - files/16274/Otto et al_2020_Social tipping dynamics for stabilizing Earth’s climate by 2050.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Special report on emissions scenarios : a special report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AU - Nakićenović, Nebojša et al. T2 - Emissions scenarios A2 - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group III CY - Cambridge DA - 2000/// PY - 2000 PB - Cambridge University Press UR - https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/emissions_scenarios-1.pdf KW - Climatic changes -- Forecasting KW - Dewey: 363.738740112 KW - Greenhouse gases -- Forecasting ER - TY - JOUR TI - The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment AU - Moss, Richard H. AU - Edmonds, Jae A. AU - Hibbard, Kathy A. AU - Manning, Martin R. AU - Rose, Steven K. AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Carter, Timothy R. AU - Emori, Seita AU - Kainuma, Mikiko AU - Kram, Tom AU - Meehl, Gerald A. AU - Mitchell, John F. B. AU - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - Smith, Steven J. AU - Stouffer, Ronald J. AU - Thomson, Allison M. AU - Weyant, John P. AU - Wilbanks, Thomas J. T2 - Nature AB - Climatologists use model-based 'scenarios' to provide plausible descriptions of how the future might unfold when evaluating uncertainty about the effects of human actions on climate. The traditional method of establishing these scenarios was a time-consuming sequential process, each discipline taking turns to add data and complexity. As Richard Moss and colleagues explain in a Perspectives review, climate change researchers have now established a new coordinated parallel process that integrates the tasks of developing scenarios, making projections and evaluating their impact. These 'next generation' scenarios should make for faster, more rigorous assessment of proposals for climate mitigation and adaptation. DA - 2010/02/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1038/nature08823 VL - 463 IS - 7282 SP - 747 EP - 756 J2 - Nature SN - 1476-4687 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08823 L1 - files/16287/Moss et al_2010_The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: An overview AU - Riahi, K. AU - van Vuuren, D.P. AU - Kriegler, E. AU - Edmonds, J. AU - O'Neill, B.C. AU - Fujimori, S. AU - Bauer, N. AU - Calvin, K. AU - Dellink, R. AU - Fricko, O. AU - Lutz, W. AU - Popp, A. AU - Cuaresma, J.C. AU - KC, S. AU - Leimbach, M. AU - Jiang, L. AU - Kram, T. AU - Rao, S. AU - Emmerling, J. AU - Ebi, K. AU - Hasegawa, T. AU - Havlik, P. AU - Humpenöder, F. AU - Da Silva, L.A. AU - Smith, S. AU - Stehfest, E. AU - Bosetti, V. AU - Eom, J. AU - Gernaat, D. AU - Masui, T. AU - Rogelj, J. AU - Strefler, J. AU - Drouet, L. AU - Krey, V. AU - Luderer, G. AU - Harmsen, M. AU - Takahashi, K. AU - Baumstark, L. AU - Doelman, J.C. AU - Kainuma, M. AU - Klimont, Z. AU - Marangoni, G. AU - Lotze-Campen, H. AU - Obersteiner, M. AU - Tabeau, A. AU - Tavoni, M. T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - This paper presents the overview of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and their energy, land use, and emissions implications. The SSPs are part of a new scenario framework, established by the climate change research community in order to facilitate the integrated analysis of future climate impacts, vulnerabilities, adaptation, and mitigation. The pathways were developed over the last years as a joint community effort and describe plausible major global developments that together would lead in the future to different challenges for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The SSPs are based on five narratives describing alternative socio-economic developments, including sustainable development, regional rivalry, inequality, fossil-fueled development, and middle-of-the-road development. The long-term demographic and economic projections of the SSPs depict a wide uncertainty range consistent with the scenario literature. A multi-model approach was used for the elaboration of the energy, land-use and the emissions trajectories of SSP-based scenarios. The baseline scenarios lead to global energy consumption of 400–1200 EJ in 2100, and feature vastly different land-use dynamics, ranging from a possible reduction in cropland area up to a massive expansion by more than 700 million hectares by 2100. The associated annual CO2 emissions of the baseline scenarios range from about 25 GtCO2 to more than 120 GtCO2 per year by 2100. With respect to mitigation, we find that associated costs strongly depend on three factors: (1) the policy assumptions, (2) the socio-economic narrative, and (3) the stringency of the target. The carbon price for reaching the target of 2.6 W/m2 that is consistent with a temperature change limit of 2 °C, differs in our analysis thus by about a factor of three across the SSP marker scenarios. Moreover, many models could not reach this target from the SSPs with high mitigation challenges. While the SSPs were designed to represent different mitigation and adaptation challenges, the resulting narratives and quantifications span a wide range of different futures broadly representative of the current literature. This allows their subsequent use and development in new assessments and research projects. Critical next steps for the community scenario process will, among others, involve regional and sectoral extensions, further elaboration of the adaptation and impacts dimension, as well as employing the SSP scenarios with the new generation of earth system models as part of the 6th climate model intercomparison project (CMIP6). © 2017 The Authors DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009 VL - 42 SP - 153 EP - 168 J2 - Global Environ. Change LA - English SN - 09593780 (ISSN) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994893387&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloenvcha.2016.05.009&partnerID=40&md5=0451dadc4bb3cf56509295bb789e99d5 DB - Scopus L1 - files/16371/Riahi et al_2017_The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse.pdf KW - climate change KW - Mitigation KW - Adaptation KW - land use change KW - land use KW - Climate change KW - sustainable development KW - SSP KW - emission KW - scenario analysis KW - integrated approach KW - carbon emission KW - environmental economics KW - climate effect KW - climate modeling KW - Community scenarios KW - demography KW - fossil fuel KW - greenhouse gas KW - RCP KW - Shared Socioeconomic Pathways KW - twenty first century ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cost-effective policy instruments for greenhouse gas emission reduction and fossil fuel substitution through bioenergy production in Austria AU - Schmidt, Johannes AU - Leduc, Sylvain AU - Dotzauer, Erik AU - Schmid, Erwin T2 - Energy Policy AB - Climate change mitigation and security of energy supply are important targets of Austrian energy policy. Bioenergy production based on resources from agriculture and forestry is an important option for attaining these targets. To increase the share of bioenergy in the energy supply, supporting policy instruments are necessary. The cost-effectiveness of these instruments in attaining policy targets depends on the availability of bioenergy technologies. Advanced technologies such as second-generation biofuels, biomass gasification for power production, and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) will likely change the performance of policy instruments. This article assesses the cost-effectiveness of energy policy instruments, considering new bioenergy technologies for the year 2030, with respect to greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reduction and fossil fuel substitution. Instruments that directly subsidize bioenergy are compared with instruments that aim at reducing GHG emissions. A spatially explicit modeling approach is used to account for biomass supply and energy distribution costs in Austria. Results indicate that a carbon tax performs cost-effectively with respect to both policy targets if BECCS is not available. However, the availability of BECCS creates a trade-off between GHG emission reduction and fossil fuel substitution. Biofuel blending obligations are costly in terms of attaining the policy targets. DA - 2011/06/01/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.018 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 39 IS - 6 SP - 3261 EP - 3280 J2 - Energy Policy LA - en SN - 0301-4215 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511001984 Y2 - 2021/03/12/10:38:15 L1 - files/16370/Schmidt et al_2011_Cost-effective policy instruments for greenhouse gas emission reduction and.pdf L1 - files/16376/Schmidt et al_2011_Cost-effective policy instruments for greenhouse gas emission reduction and.pdf KW - Bioenergy policy KW - Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage KW - Spatially explicit modeling ER - TY - JOUR TI - Adapting global shared socio-economic pathways for national and local scenarios AU - Frame, Bob AU - Lawrence, Judy AU - Ausseil, Anne-Gaelle AU - Reisinger, Andy AU - Daigneault, Adam T2 - Climate Risk Management AB - Socio-economic scenarios enable us to understand the extent to which global-, national- and local-scale societal developments can influence the nature and severity of climate change risks and response options. Shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) enable a systematic exploration of the challenges to adaptation and mitigation that alternative futures entail. However, SSPs are primarily defined for the global scale. If countries are to test their adaptation and mitigation options for robustness across plausible future socio-economic conditions, then SSPs require country-relevant detail to understand climate change risks at the national and local scales. New Zealand is used to illustrate how nationally relevant socio-economic scenarios, nested within SSPs can be developed to inform national- and local-scale studies of climate change impacts and their implications. Shared policy assumptions were developed, involving a mix of climate-specific and non-climate-specific policies, to demonstrate how international links and global-scale developments are critical locally—local choices may accelerate, reduce or even negate the impact of global trends for extended periods. The typology was then ‘tested’ by applying it in a local context. The research challenges observed in developing credible, salient and legitimate national-scale socio-economic scenarios include issues in developing scenarios across a multidisciplinary team. Finally, recommendations for adapting shared climate policy assumptions to produce national and local scenarios, and for assessing the feasibility and effectiveness of climate change adaptation options are presented. These include the need for: guidelines to embed national scenarios in global frameworks; a limit the number of plausible futures; inter-operability of models; an ability to work towards effective multi-disciplinary teams and integrative research; and the opportunity to involve participatory processes where feasible. DA - 2018/01/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2018.05.001 VL - 21 SP - 39 EP - 51 J2 - Climate Risk Management SN - 2212-0963 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096318300469 L1 - files/16391/Frame et al_2018_Adapting global shared socio-economic pathways for national and local scenarios.pdf KW - Scenarios KW - Mitigation KW - Adaptation KW - Socio-economic KW - Global KW - National ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate policy integration viewed through the stakeholders' eyes: A co‐production of knowledge in social‐ecological transformation research AU - Plank, Christina AU - Haas, Willi AU - Schreuer, Anna AU - Irshaid, Jenan AU - Barben, Daniel AU - Görg, Christoph T2 - Environmental Policy and Governance AB - Climate policy integration (CPI) is regarded in the literature as key to combatting climate change. It has been critically discussed to what extent climate policy is integrated in different policy fields at the European and the national level. In this paper, we analyze the expectations toward CPI from the perspective of stakeholders focusing on two fields in Austria — energy and land use. We combine CPI approaches with social-ecological transformation research, which highlights obstacles for CPI, which can be found in the polity, leading to conflicts between different actor groups or institutions. More specifically, we examine, through a process of co-production of knowledge together with stakeholder groups, how CPI functions in its categories of horizontal and vertical policy integration, cooperation and conflict, reporting, vision, uncertainties, and reflexivity. Results show that policy integration remains contested, alternative visions to economic growth are needed and communication with policymakers needs to be improved. Furthermore, reflexive learning is central for the success of CPI. Finally, it matters who has access and who plays a role in governance structures. Co-production of knowledge can play a crucial role, but faces a challenging tension between being inclusive and losing its transformative capacities. A shift from a narrow focus on policy making to consider the limiting or enabling structural conditions for interaction between a wide variety of stakeholders is required. Instead of reflexive learning how to best accommodate the powerful interest groups, this could increase the space for reflexive and adaptive policy integration aimed at achieving normative climate targets. DA - 2021/03/22/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1002/eet.1938 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) SP - eet.1938 J2 - Env Pol Gov LA - en SN - 1756-932X, 1756-9338 ST - Climate policy integration viewed through the stakeholders' eyes UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eet.1938 Y2 - 2021/03/23/05:24:11 L1 - files/16400/Plank et al_2021_Climate policy integration viewed through the stakeholders' eyes.pdf L1 - files/20067/Plank et al_2021_Climate policy integration viewed through the stakeholders' eyes.pdf L2 - files/17494/eet.html KW - climate policy integration KW - transdisciplinarity KW - social-ecological transformation KW - Austria KW - co-production of knowledge ER - TY - JOUR TI - Indigenous and local knowledge in environmental management for human-nature connectedness: a leverage points perspective AU - Burgos-Ayala, Aracely AU - Jiménez-Aceituno, Amanda AU - Torres-Torres, Aura Marcela AU - Rozas-Vásquez, Daniel AU - Lam, David P. M. T2 - Ecosystems and People DA - 2020/01/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1080/26395916.2020.1817152 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 290 EP - 303 J2 - Ecosystems and People LA - en SN - 2639-5908, 2639-5916 ST - Indigenous and local knowledge in environmental management for human-nature connectedness UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/26395916.2020.1817152 Y2 - 2021/03/25/15:37:11 L1 - files/16449/Burgos-Ayala et al_2020_Indigenous and local knowledge in environmental management for human-nature.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - A leverage points perspective on sustainability AU - Fischer, Joern AU - Riechers, Maraja T2 - People and Nature DA - 2019/03// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1002/pan3.13 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 115 EP - 120 J2 - People Nat LA - en SN - 2575-8314, 2575-8314 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pan3.13 Y2 - 2021/03/25/15:37:53 L1 - files/16451/Fischer_Riechers_2019_A leverage points perspective on sustainability.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Toward ranking interventions for Technological Innovation Systems via the concept of Leverage Points AU - Kieft, Alco AU - Harmsen, Robert AU - Hekkert, Marko P. T2 - Technological Forecasting and Social Change DA - 2020/04// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.techfore.2018.09.021 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 153 SP - 119466 J2 - Technological Forecasting and Social Change LA - en SN - 00401625 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040162517316906 Y2 - 2021/03/25/15:38:48 L1 - files/16453/Kieft et al_2020_Toward ranking interventions for Technological Innovation Systems via the.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards an integral perspective on leveraging sustainability transformations using the theory of modal aspects AU - Wigboldus, S. AU - Jochemsen, H. T2 - Sustainability Science AB - Abstract Engaging appropriately with sustainability transformations requires adopting an integral perspective on related system dynamics. This view underpins the sustainable development goals. Informing policy and decision making from a consistently integral perspective, however, remains a key challenge. To some extent, the leverage points approach has proved useful in doing so in terms of providing an encompassing view on related options for intervening in systems. There are, however, a number of points in which it needs to be complemented by other approaches to better address the need for an integral perspective on sustainability transformations as well as to better address the need for being able to articulate normative perspectives on transformation processes and outcomes. We argue that the theory of modal aspects is a good candidate for doing so. To illustrate its potential, we explore its characteristics, we illustrate its application opportunities in the analysis of sustainability in food systems transitions, we systematically compare leverage points and modal aspects, and close with an exploration of ways in which the leverage points approach and theory of modal aspects can be considered complementary perspectives. The authors conclude that the theory of modal aspects offers opportunities for enriching both the leverage points approach and wider approaches in sustainability transformations by offering a consistently integral perspective across scale levels, and by offering a number of ways of engaging with normativity in related processes without resorting to fixed political views. This articulates its potential for playing a useful role in related multi-stakeholder processes and sustainability governance. DA - 2020/08/19/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1007/s11625-020-00851-5 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) J2 - Sustain Sci LA - en SN - 1862-4065, 1862-4057 UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11625-020-00851-5 Y2 - 2021/03/25/15:44:00 L1 - files/16460/Wigboldus_Jochemsen_2020_Towards an integral perspective on leveraging sustainability transformations.pdf ER - TY - GEN TI - Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System AU - Meadows, Donella DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 PB - The Sustainble Institute UR - http://donellameadows.org/archives/leverage-points-places-to-intervene-in-a-system/ Y2 - 2021/03/24/ L1 - files/16462/Meadows_1999_Leverage Points.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Thinking in systems: a primer AU - Meadows, Donella H. AU - Wright, Diana CN - QA402 .M425 2008 CY - White River Junction, Vt DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 DP - Library of Congress ISBN SP - 218 PB - Chelsea Green Pub SN - 978-1-60358-055-7 ST - Thinking in systems L1 - files/16467/Meadows_Wright_2008_Thinking in systems.pdf KW - Sustainable development KW - Economic development KW - Decision making KW - System analysis KW - Population KW - Social sciences KW - Pollution KW - Critical thinking KW - Economic aspects Simulation methods KW - Environmental aspects Simulation methods KW - Environmental education KW - Simulation methods ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urban futures: Systemic or system changing interventions? A literature review using Meadows' leverage points as analytical framework AU - Angheloiu, Corina AU - Tennant, Mike T2 - Cities DA - 2020/09// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102808 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 104 SP - 102808 J2 - Cities LA - en SN - 02642751 ST - Urban futures UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264275119313265 Y2 - 2021/04/06/13:06:47 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Framing of Urban Sustainability Transformations AU - Iwaniec, David AU - Cook, Elizabeth AU - Barbosa, Olga AU - Grimm, Nancy T2 - Sustainability AB - Transformational change is not always intentional. However, deliberate transformations are imperative to achieve the sustainable visions that future generations deserve. Small, unintentional tweaks will not be enough to overcome persistent and emergent urban challenges. Recent scholarship on sustainability transformations has evolved considerably, but there is no consensus on what qualifies transformational change. We describe variations in current discussions of intentional sustainability transformations in the literature and synthesize strategies from funding institutions’ recent requests for proposals for urban sustainability transformations. Research funding initiatives calling for transformational change are increasingly common and are an important driver of how transformational change is articulated in research-practice in cities. From this synthesis, we present seven criteria for transformational change that provide direction for framing and implementing transformational change initiatives. DA - 2019/01/22/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.3390/su11030573 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 573 J2 - Sustainability LA - en SN - 2071-1050 UR - http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/3/573 Y2 - 2021/04/07/06:29:18 L1 - files/16569/Iwaniec et al_2019_The Framing of Urban Sustainability Transformations.pdf L1 - files/16572/Iwaniec et al_2019_The Framing of Urban Sustainability Transformations.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Can climate activism deliver transformative change? Extinction Rebellion, business and people power AU - Gunningham, Neil T2 - Journal of Human Rights and the Environment AB -

This article examines whether large-scale grassroots activism might be a necessary condition for achieving transformational climate change action, and examines whether Extinction Rebellion (XR), which has had a remarkable impact in a very short time, might – unlike its predecessors – be capable of precipitating such change. Reviewing the evidence, the article suggests that such activism, even if necessary, is unlikely to be sufficient to bring about rapid and radical climate action. It might, however, prove to be an important change agent, through its contribution to a broader coalition of business and civil society actors or through harnessing ‘webs of influence’. How such a coalition might evolve, or web influence play out, is also explored.

DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 DO - 10.4337/jhre.2020.03.01 DP - www.elgaronline.com VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 10 EP - 31 LA - en_US SN - 1759-7188, 1759-7196 ST - Can climate activism deliver transformative change? UR - https://doi.org/10.4337/jhre.2020.03.01 Y2 - 2021/03/31/08:07:36 L2 - files/16832/Gunningham - 2020 - Can climate activism deliver transformative change.html KW - KlimaschutzrechtieS ER - TY - CHAP TI - Transformationspfade AU - Stagl, Sigrid AU - Schulz, Niels AU - Köppl, Angela AU - Kratena, Kurt AU - Mechler, Reinhard AU - Pirgmaier, Elke AU - Radunsky, Klaus AU - Rezai, Armon T2 - Österreichischer Sachstandsbericht Klimawandel 2014 A2 - Kromp-Kolb, Helga A2 - Steininger, Karl A2 - Gobiet, Andreas A2 - Nakićenović, Nebojša et al. A2 - Prettenthaler, Franz A2 - Schneider, Jürgen A2 - Formayer, Herbert A2 - Köppl, Angela A2 - Stötter, Johann AB - Klimawandel findet statt und mit größter Wahrscheinlichkeit ist er überwiegend anthropogen verursacht (siehe Band 1, Ka- pitel 1). Dieses Kapitel behandelt die Herausforderung den Klimawandel bei einem Temperaturanstieg von 2°C zu sta- bilisieren und untersucht, welche Rolle Vermeidung und An- passung in Österreich bei der Erreichung dieses globalen Ziels spielt. Zudem werden die positiven weiterführenden Auswir- kungen einer sozio-ökologischen Transformation analysiert. In der Vereinbarung von Kopenhagen (UNFCCC Copen- hagen Accord) und in den EU-Beschlüssen wird eine Begren- zung des globalen Temperaturanstiegs auf 2°C im Vergleich zur vorindustriellen Zeit als notwendig erachtet, um gefährli- che Auswirkungen des Klimawandels einzuschränken, wenn- gleich NaturwissenschaftlerInnen 1,5°C vorgeschlagen hat- ten. Es ist also ein international politisches Ziel, das auf breite Unterstützung stößt, die sowohl Industrienationen, als auch Schwellen- und Entwicklungsländer und nichtstaatliche Ak- teurInnen umfasst. Ohne Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Emissionen ist mit bedeutenden negativen Konsequenzen für die Biosphäre sowie für die sozio-ökonomischen Bedingungen in Österreich zu rechnen. Daraus leiten sich wichtige Ver- pflichtungen und Maßnahmen ab, an denen sich Österreich zu orientieren hat. Klimaschutz und -anpassung sind unbedingt erforderliche, für sich allein genommen aber unzureichende, Bedingungen nachhaltiger Entwicklung. Klimaschutz erfordert die gleich- zeitige Fokussierung auf klimafreundliche Technologien, Ver- haltensweisen und den institutionellen Wandel. Insbesondere betrifft dies die Bereiche Energiebereitstellung und -nachfrage, industrielle Prozesse und Landwirtschaft. Diesen drei Aktivi- tätsfeldern kommt besondere Bedeutung zu: So verursachte etwa der Energiesektor in Österreich im Jahre 2012 74,6 % der treibhauswirksamen Emissionen, (davon der Straßenver- kehr allein mehr als ein Drittel), industrielle Prozesse verur- sachten 13,6 % und die Landwirtschaft 9,4 % der Emissionen (ohne Effekte der Aufforstung, vgl. Anderl et al., 2014). Die Werte für 2010 betrugen bei Energie: 75,9 %, bei industri- ellen Prozessen 12,7 % und bei der Landwirtschaft 8,8 % (Anderl et al., 2014). Wenn eine Klimastabilisierung bei 2 °C globaler Erwärmung erreicht werden soll, müssen Kriterien der Klimawirkung in allen zukünftigen Investitions-, Pro- duktions-, Politik- und Konsumentscheidungen als Selbst- verständlichkeit integriert werden, um die Gefahr irreversib- ler Schäden zu begrenzen. Gleichzeitig ist darauf zu achten, dass weder soziale, noch ökonomische Rahmenbedingungen überfordert werden. Klimafreundlichkeit ist also in die we- sentlich breiter angelegten Kriterien der Nachhaltigkeit einzu- binden. Die Diskussion klimafreundlicher Maßnahmen ist oftmals auf die zu erwartenden Zusatzkosten und unerwünschten Veränderungen verkürzt. Dabei wird das Potenzial solcher Maßnahmen – nämlich vielfache und unterschiedliche Be- gleitnutzen zu entfalten – unterschätzt, etwa in den Bereichen Lebensqualität, Gesundheit, Beschäftigung, ländliche Ent- wicklung, Umweltschutz, Versorgungssicherheit und nicht zuletzt Ausgleich der Handelsbilanzen. Die Internalisierung dieser positiven Begleiteffekte von Klimaschutz kann die öko- nomische Beurteilung von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen erheblich verändern. CY - Wien DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 SP - 1025 EP - 1076 PB - Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften SN - 978-3-7001-7723-4 UR - http://austriaca.at/0xc1aa500e_0x003144b7.pdf L1 - files/16940/Stagl et al_2014_Transformationspfade.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scenarios for sustainable futures beyond GDP growth 2050 AU - Svenfelt, Åsa AU - Alfredsson, Eva C. AU - Bradley, Karin AU - Fauré, Eléonore AU - Finnveden, Göran AU - Fuehrer, Paul AU - Gunnarsson-Östling, Ulrika AU - Isaksson, Karolina AU - Malmaeus, Mikael AU - Malmqvist, Tove T2 - Futures DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2019.05.001 VL - 111 SP - 1 EP - 14 L1 - files/16942/Svenfelt et al_2019_Scenarios for sustainable futures beyond GDP growth 2050.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The future of food — Scenarios and the effect on natural resource use in agriculture in 2050 AU - Odegard, I.Y.R. AU - van der Voet, E. T2 - Ecological Economics DA - 2014/01// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.10.005 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 97 SP - 51 EP - 59 J2 - Ecological Economics LA - en SN - 09218009 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800913003157 Y2 - 2021/04/14/11:16:32 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leverage points for addressing marine and coastal pollution: A review AU - Riechers, Maraja AU - Brunner, Benedikt AU - Dajka, Jan-Claas AU - Duse, Ionana AU - Lübker, Hannah AU - Manlosa, Aisa O. AU - Sala, Juan Emilio AU - Schaal, Tamara AU - Weidlich, Sabine T2 - Marine Pollution Bulletin DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112263 VL - 112263 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stranded Assets in the Transition to a Carbon-Free Economy AU - van der Ploeg, Frederick AU - Rezai, Armon T2 - Annual Review of Resource Economics AB - Assets in the fossil fuel industries are at risk of losing market value due to unanticipated breakthroughs in renewable technology and governments stepping up climate policies in light of the Paris commitments to limit global warming to 1.5 or 2°C. Stranded assets arise due to uncertainty about the future timing of these two types of events and substantial intertemporal and intersectoral investment adjustment costs. Stranding of assets mostly affects the 20 biggest oil, gas, and coal companies who have been responsible for at least one-third of global warming since 1965, but it also affects carbon-intensive industries such as steel, aluminum, cement, plastics, and greenhouse horticulture. A disorderly transition to the carbon-free economy will lead to stranded assets and legal claims. Institutional investors should be aware of these financial risks. A broader definition of stranded assets also includes countries reliant on fossil fuel exports and workers with technology-specific skills. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1146/annurev-resource-110519-040938 DP - Annual Reviews VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 281 EP - 298 UR - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-110519-040938 Y2 - 2021/04/18/14:54:48 L1 - files/17074/van der Ploeg_Rezai_2020_Stranded Assets in the Transition to a Carbon-Free Economy.pdf ER - TY - CHAP TI - Praktiken und Infrastrukturen gelebter Suffizienz AU - Kühl, Jana T2 - Räumliche Transformation: Prozesse, Konzepte, Forschungsdesigns A2 - Abassiharofteh, Milad A2 - Baier, Jessica A2 - Göb, Angelina A2 - Thimm, Insa A2 - Eberth, Andreas A2 - Knaps, Falco A2 - Larjosto, Vilja A2 - Zebner, Fabiana T3 - Forschungsberichte der ARL AB - Die Verringerung anthropogener Umweltbelastungen als Teil einer "Großen Transformation" ist eine zentrale Herausforderung unserer Zeit. Doch stehen die Ambitionen diesbezüglich im Widerspruch zu einem konsumistischen Selbstverständnis westlicher Gesellschaften. Um eine Transformation anzustoßen, können Praktiken gelebter Suffizienz, wie sie bereits in Ansätzen zu finden sind, als Vorbilder zur Ausgestaltung sozialer Innovationsprozesse herangezogen werden. Ausgehend von alternativen Wohn- und Lebenskonzepten können ressourcensparende Lebensweisen abseits etablierter Lebenskonzepte identifiziert werden. Von ihnen lassen sich mentale Infrastrukturen ableiten, die alternative Lebensweisen motivieren, sowie Bedarfe an Infrastrukturen schlussfolgern, die Suffizienz ermöglichen.Limiting the human-caused environmental impact as part of the "Great Transformation" is one of the main challenges of our time. Ambitions to broaden sustainable ways of living fail on the lifestyles of consumer societies in western countries. It is proposed that subcultural groups that already practice sufficiency in social and spatial niches can give inspiring examples for initiating and leading processes of social innovations, in which practices of sufficiency gradually get adapted in society. Analysing their way of living, one can learn about resource-conserving practices. At the same time, these practices show which infrastructures are needed for enabling sufficiency. In addition, the motivations and ideals of these pioneers could be taken up to push practices of sufficiency in society. CY - Hannover DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DP - SSOAR VL - 10 SP - 65 EP - 79 LA - de PB - Verl. d. ARL SN - 978-3-88838-089-1 L2 - https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/64708 KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - consumer society KW - Klimaschutz KW - sustainability KW - social change KW - climate protection KW - growth limitation KW - Konsumgesellschaft KW - Lebensweise KW - sozialer Wandel KW - Wachstumsbegrenzung KW - way of life ER - TY - JOUR TI - Einfacher gut leben: Suffizienz und Postwachstum AU - Schneidewind, Uwe T2 - Politische Ökologie AB - Ein am Genug und somit an den Bedingungen planetarer Grenzen ausgerichtetes Handeln ist ein Schlüsselbaustein auf dem Weg in eine zukunftsfähige Gesellschaft. Sein volles Potenzial kann das Suffizienzprinzip aber nur dann entfalten, wenn die Rahmenbedingungen stimmen und sich die Diskussion von einem Bevormundungs- zu einem Emanzipationsdiskurs entwickelt. DA - 2017/03/02/ PY - 2017 DP - epub.wupperinst.org VL - 1 IS - 148 SP - 98 EP - 103 LA - deu SN - 0933-5722 ST - Einfacher gut leben UR - https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/6635 Y2 - 2021/04/20/12:47:42 L2 - https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/year/2017/docId/6635 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A low energy demand scenario for meeting the 1.5 °C target and sustainable development goals without negative emission technologies AU - Grubler, Arnulf AU - Wilson, Charlie AU - Bento, Nuno AU - Boza-Kiss, Benigna AU - Krey, Volker AU - McCollum, David L. AU - Rao, Narasimha D. AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - Rogelj, Joeri AU - De Stercke, Simon AU - Cullen, Jonathan AU - Frank, Stefan AU - Fricko, Oliver AU - Guo, Fei AU - Gidden, Matt AU - Havlík, Petr AU - Huppmann, Daniel AU - Kiesewetter, Gregor AU - Rafaj, Peter AU - Schoepp, Wolfgang AU - Valin, Hugo T2 - Nature Energy AB - Scenarios that limit global warming to 1.5 °C describe major transformations in energy supply and ever-rising energy demand. Here, we provide a contrasting perspective by developing a narrative of future change based on observable trends that results in low energy demand. We describe and quantify changes in activity levels and energy intensity in the global North and global South for all major energy services. We project that global final energy demand by 2050 reduces to 245 EJ, around 40% lower than today, despite rises in population, income and activity. Using an integrated assessment modelling framework, we show how changes in the quantity and type of energy services drive structural change in intermediate and upstream supply sectors (energy and land use). Down-sizing the global energy system dramatically improves the feasibility of a low-carbon supply-side transformation. Our scenario meets the 1.5 °C climate target as well as many sustainable development goals, without relying on negative emission technologies. DA - 2018/06/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1038/s41560-018-0172-6 VL - 3 IS - 6 SP - 515 EP - 527 J2 - Nature Energy SN - 2058-7546 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0172-6 L1 - files/17474/Grubler et al_2018_A low energy demand scenario for meeting the 1.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - A socio‐metabolic transition towards sustainability? Challenges for another Great Transformation AU - Haberl, Helmut AU - Fischer‐Kowalski, Marina AU - Krausmann, Fridolin AU - Martinez‐Alier, Joan AU - Winiwarter, Verena T2 - Sustainable development AB - Over the last two million years, humans have colonized almost the entire biosphere on Earth, thereby creating socio‐ecological systems in which fundamental patterns and processes are co‐regulated by socio‐economic and ecological processes. We postulate that the evolution of coupled socio‐ecological systems can be characterized by a sequence of relatively stable configurations, here denoted as ‘socio‐metabolic regimes’, and comparatively rapid transitions between such regimes. We discern three fundamentally different socio‐metabolic regimes: hunter‐gatherers, agrarian societies and industrial society. Transitions between these regimes fundamentally change socio‐ecological interactions, whereas changes and variations within each regime are gradual. Two‐thirds of the world population are currently within a rapid transition from the agrarian to the industrial regime. Many current global sustainability problems are a direct consequence of this transition. The central hypothesis discussed in this article is that industrial society is at least as different from a future sustainable society as it is from the agrarian regime. The challenge of sustainability is, therefore, a fundamental re‐orientation of society and the economy, not the implementation of some technical fixes. Based on empirical data for global resource use (material and energy flows, land use), this essay questions the notion that the promotion of eco‐efficiency is sufficient for achieving sustainability, and outlines the reasons why a transition to a new socio‐metabolic regime is now required. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1002/sd.410 VL - 19 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 14 SN - 0968-0802 L1 - files/19022/Haberl et al_2011_A socio‐metabolic transition towards sustainability.pdf KW - social metabolism KW - agrarian society KW - industrial society KW - environmentalism of the poor KW - sustainability KW - area‐related energy system KW - socio‐metabolic transitions ER - TY - BOOK TI - A Societal Transformation Scenario for Staying Below 1.5°C AU - Kuhnhenn, Kai AU - Costa, Luis AU - Mahnke, Eva AU - Schneider, Linda AU - Lange, Steffen T2 - Publication Series Economic & Social Issues DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 VL - 23 SP - 98 PB - Heinrich Böll-Stiftung UR - https://www.boell.de/sites/default/files/2020-12/A%20Societal%20Transformation%20Scenario%20for%20Staying%20Below%201.5C.pdf?dimension1=division_iup L1 - files/17718/Kuhnhenn et al_2020_A Societal Transformation Scenario for Staying Below 1.pdf ER - TY - GEN TI - Eine EU-weite Bewertung der nationalen Energie- und Klimapläne AU - Europäische Kommission DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0564&from=EN ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global nitrogen and phosphorus in urban waste water based on the Shared Socio-economic pathways AU - van Puijenbroek, P.J.T.M. AU - Beusen, A.H.W. AU - Bouwman, A.F. T2 - Journal of Environmental Management AB - This paper presents global estimates of nutrient discharge from households to surface water based on the relationships between income and human emissions represented by protein consumption, degree of connection to sewerage systems, presence of wastewater treatment plants and their level of nutrient removal efficiency. These relationships were used to construct scenarios for discharge of nutrients with waste water based on the five Shared Socio-economic Pathways for the period from 1970 to 2050. The number of inhabitants connected to a sewerage system will increase by 2–4 billion people between 2010 and 2050. Despite the enhanced nutrient removal by wastewater treatment, which will increase by 10%–40% between 2010 and 2050, nutrient discharge to surface water will increase in all scenarios by 10%–70% (from 10.4 Tg nitrogen (N) in 2010 to 13.5–17.9 Tg N by 2050 and from 1.5 Tg phosphorus (P) in 2010 to 1.6–2.4 Tg P by 2050). In most developing countries, nutrient discharge to surface water will strongly increase over the next decades, and in developed countries it will stabilize or decrease slightly. A global decrease in nutrient discharge is possible only when wastewater treatment plants are extended with at least tertiary treatment in developing countries and with advanced treatment in the developed countries. In future urban areas that will be developed over the 2010–2050 period, options for recycling can be included in wastewater management systems. A separate collection system for urine can yield 15 Tg N yr−1 and 1.2 Tg P yr−1, which can be made available for recycling in agriculture. The SDG 6.3 about safely treated waste water by 2030 will be reached in the developed countries in 2030. In the developing countries, the goal will be reached by 2050 only under SSP1, SSP2 and SSP5. © 2018 DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.048 VL - 231 SP - 446 EP - 456 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055337837&doi=10.1016%2fj.jenvman.2018.10.048&partnerID=40&md5=ca58227266d35fad5d1d8cbcaa9c3506 DB - Scopus KW - Phosphorus KW - Sewage KW - Nitrogen KW - Nutrients KW - Shared socioeconomic pathways KW - Waste water ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessing future reactive nitrogen inputs into global croplands based on the shared socioeconomic pathways AU - Mogollón, J.M. AU - Lassaletta, L. AU - Beusen, A.H.W. AU - Van Grinsven, H.J.M. AU - Westhoek, H. AU - Bouwman, A.F. T2 - Environmental Research Letters AB - Reactive nitrogen (N) inputs in agriculture strongly outpace the outputs at the global scale due to inefficiencies in cropland N use. While improvement in agricultural practices and environmental legislation in developed regions such as Western Europe have led to a remarkable increase in the N use efficiency since 1985, this lower requirement for reactive N inputs via synthetic fertilizers has yet to occur in many developing and transition regions. Here, we explore future N input requirements and N use efficiency in agriculture for the five shared socioeconomic pathways. Results show that under the most optimistic sustainability scenario, the global synthetic fertilizer use in croplands stabilizes and even shrinks (85 Tg N yr-1 in 2050) regardless of the increase in crop production required to feed the larger estimated population. This scenario is highly dependent on projected increases in N use efficiency, particularly in South and East Asia. In our most pessimistic scenario, synthetic fertilization application rates are expected to increase almost threefold by 2050 (260 Tg N yr-1). Excepting the sustainability scenario, all other projected scenarios reveal that the areal N surpluses will exceed acceptable limits in most of the developing regions. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/aab212 VL - 13 IS - 4 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045575466&doi=10.1088%2f1748-9326%2faab212&partnerID=40&md5=d267d2e4f683f4b80242355d63ca9f90 DB - Scopus KW - nitrogen KW - fertilizer KW - shared socioeconomic pathways ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global urbanization projections for the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways AU - Jiang, L. AU - O'Neill, B.C. T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - The new scenario process for climate change research includes the creation of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) describing alternative societal development trends over the coming decades. Urbanization is a key aspect of development that is relevant to studies of mitigation, adaptation, and impacts. Incorporating urbanization into the SSPs requires a consistent set of global urbanization projections that cover long time horizons and span a full range of uncertainty. Existing urbanization projections do not meet these needs, in particular providing only a single scenario over the next few decades, a period during which urbanization is likely to be highly dynamic in many countries. We present here a new, long-term, global set of urbanization projections at country level that cover a plausible range of uncertainty. We create SSP-specific projections by choosing urbanization outcomes consistent with each SSP narrative. Results show that the world continues to urbanize in each of the SSPs but outcomes differ widely across them, with urbanization reaching 60%, 79%, and 92% by the end of century in SSP3, SSP2, and SSP1/SSP4/SSP5, respectively. The degree of convergence in urbanization across countries also differs substantially, with largely convergent outcomes by the end of the century in SSP1 and SSP5 and persistent diversity in SSP3. This set of global, country-specific projections produces urbanization pathways that are typical of regions in different stages of urbanization and development levels, and can be extended to further elaborate assumptions about the styles of urban growth and spatial distributions of urban people and land cover occurring in each SSP. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.03.008 VL - 42 SP - 193 EP - 199 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84926629672&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloenvcha.2015.03.008&partnerID=40&md5=3f6019a53d3c1a2527fdde1b6c0940b4 DB - Scopus KW - Uncertainty KW - Long term KW - Socioeconomic scenarios KW - Urbanization projections ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scenarios for the risk of hunger in the twenty-first century using Shared Socioeconomic Pathways AU - Hasegawa, T. AU - Fujimori, S. AU - Takahashi, K. AU - Masui, T. T2 - Environmental Research Letters AB - Shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) are being developed internationally for cross-sectoral assessments of climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. These are five scenarios that include both qualitative and quantitative information for mitigation and adaptation challenges to climate change. In this study, we quantified scenarios for the risk of hunger in the 21st century using SSPs, and clarified elements that influence future hunger risk. There were two primary findings: (1) risk of hunger in the 21st-century greatly differed among five SSPs; and (2) population growth, improvement in the equality of food distribution within a country, and increases in food consumption mainly driven by income growth greatly influenced future hunger risk and were important elements in its long-term assessment. © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd. DA - 2015/// PY - 2015 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/10/1/014010 VL - 10 IS - 1 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921670403&doi=10.1088%2f1748-9326%2f10%2f1%2f014010&partnerID=40&md5=2e5f5a395fdc72f367f598a64b14b275 DB - Scopus KW - SSP KW - CGEmodel KW - risk of hunger KW - socioeconomic scenario ER - TY - BOOK TI - Global Environment Outlook – GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People AU - UNEP CY - Nairobi DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 SP - 745 UR - doi:10.1017/9781108627146 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The roads ahead: Narratives for shared socioeconomic pathways describing world futures in the 21st century AU - O’Neill, Brian C. AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - Ebi, Kristie L. AU - Kemp-Benedict, Eric AU - Riahi, Keywan AU - Rothman, Dale S. AU - van Ruijven, Bas J. AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Birkmann, Joern AU - Kok, Kasper AU - Levy, Marc AU - Solecki, William T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - Long-term scenarios play an important role in research on global environmental change. The climate change research community is developing new scenarios integrating future changes in climate and society to investigate climate impacts as well as options for mitigation and adaptation. One component of these new scenarios is a set of alternative futures of societal development known as the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). The conceptual framework for the design and use of the SSPs calls for the development of global pathways describing the future evolution of key aspects of society that would together imply a range of challenges for mitigating and adapting to climate change. Here we present one component of these pathways: the SSP narratives, a set of five qualitative descriptions of future changes in demographics, human development, economy and lifestyle, policies and institutions, technology, and environment and natural resources. We describe the methods used to develop the narratives as well as how these pathways are hypothesized to produce particular combinations of challenges to mitigation and adaptation. Development of the narratives drew on expert opinion to (1) identify key determinants of these challenges that were essential to incorporate in the narratives and (2) combine these elements in the narratives in a manner consistent with scholarship on their inter-relationships. The narratives are intended as a description of plausible future conditions at the level of large world regions that can serve as a basis for integrated scenarios of emissions and land use, as well as climate impact, adaptation and vulnerability analyses. DA - 2017/01/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.01.004 VL - 42 SP - 169 EP - 180 J2 - Global Environmental Change SN - 0959-3780 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378015000060 L1 - files/17833/O’Neill et al_2017_The roads ahead.pdf KW - Scenarios KW - Mitigation KW - Adaptation KW - Narratives KW - Climate change KW - Shared socioeconomic pathways ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global Warming and Climate Change–An Overview of the International Legal Process AU - Zaelke, Durwood AU - Cameron, James T2 - Am. UJ Int'l L. & Pol'y DA - 1989/// PY - 1989 VL - 5 SP - 249 L1 - files/18504/Zaelke_Cameron_1989_Global Warming and Climate Change–An Overview of the International Legal Process.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - GHG projections and assessment of policies and measures in Austria: reporting under decision 280/2004/EC, March 2009 AU - Anderl, Michael AU - Böhmer, Siegmund AU - Gössl, Michael AU - Köther, Traute AU - Krutzler, Thomas AU - Lenz, Katharina T2 - Report / Umweltbundesamt CY - Wien DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN SP - 145 LA - en M1 - [N.F.] 227 PB - Umweltbundesamt SN - 978-3-99004-025-6 ST - GHG projections and assessment of policies and measures in Austria L1 - files/18521/Anderl et al_2009_GHG projections and assessment of policies and measures in Austria.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - GHG Projections and Assessment of Policies and Measures in Austria AU - Anderl, Michael AU - Gössl, Michael AU - Haider, Simone AU - Kampel, Elisabeth AU - Krutzler, Thomas AU - Lampert, Christoph DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - Umweltbundesamt (UBA) L1 - files/18549/Anderl et al_2019_GHG Projections and Assessment of Policies and Measures in Austria.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - Grünbuch für eine integrierte Energie- und Klimastrategie. AU - BMWFW AU - BMLFUW DA - 2016/// PY - 2016 PB - BMWFW, & BMLFUW (Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft/Bundesministerium für ein Lebenswertes Österreich) UR - https://www.konsultation-energie-klima.at/assets/ Uploads/Grunbuch-integrierte-Energiestrategie.pdf ER - TY - GEN TI - #mission2030. Die Klima- und Energiestrategie der Bundesregierung A2 - BMNT A2 - BMVIT DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 L1 - files/16075/2018_#mission2030.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The decarbonisation of Europe powered by lifestyle changes AU - Costa, Luís AU - Moreau, Vincent AU - Thurm, Boris AU - Yu, Wusheng AU - Clora, Francesco AU - Baudry, Gino AU - Warmuth, Hannes AU - Hezel, Bernd AU - Seydewitz, Tobias AU - Ranković, Ana AU - Kelly, Garret AU - Kropp, Jürgen P T2 - Environmental Research Letters DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/abe890 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 16 IS - 4 J2 - Environ. Res. Lett. SN - 1748-9326 UR - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abe890 Y2 - 2021/04/29/12:46:38 L1 - files/19204/Costa et al_2021_The decarbonisation of Europe powered by lifestyle changes.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - The entrepreneurial state: debunking public vs. private sector myths AU - Mazzucato, Mariana T2 - Anthem frontiers of global political economy CY - London ; New York DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 ET - Revised edition PB - Anthem Press SN - 978-0-85728-252-1 ST - The entrepreneurial state KW - Technological innovations KW - Government policy KW - Research KW - Entrepreneurship KW - Diffusion of innovations KW - Industrial ER - TY - RPRT TI - World Energy Transitions Outlook: 1.5°C Pathway (Preview) AU - IRENA AB - This preview presents options to limit global temperature rise to 1.5°C and bring CO2 emissions closer to net zero by 2050. It offers insights on technology, investment and socio-economic contexts for a sustainable and inclusive energy future. CY - Abu Dhabi DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 LA - en PB - IRENA - International Renewable Energy Agency ST - World Energy Transitions Outlook UR - https://www.irena.org/publications/2021/Jun/World-Energy-Transitions-Outlook Y2 - 2021/05/02/13:04:15 L1 - files/26146/IRENA_2021_World Energy Transitions Outlook.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The environmental state and the glass ceiling of transformation AU - Hausknost, Daniel T2 - Environmental Politics AB - ABSTRACTWhat are the capacities of the state to facilitate a comprehensive sustainability transition? It is argued that structural barriers akin to an invisible ?glass ceiling? are inhibiting any such transformation. First, the structure of state imperatives does not allow for the addition of an independent sustainability imperative without major contradictions. Second, the imperative of legitimation is identified as a crucial component of the glass ceiling. A distinction is introduced between ?lifeworld? and ?system? sustainability, showing that the environmental state has created an environmentally sustainable lifeworld, which continues to be predicated on a fundamentally unsustainable reproductive system. While this ?decoupling? of lifeworld from system sustainability has alleviated legitimation pressure from the state, a transition to systemic sustainability will require deep changes in the lifeworld. This constitutes a renewed challenge for state legitimation. Some speculations regarding possible futures of the environmental state conclude the article. DA - 2020/01/02/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1080/09644016.2019.1680062 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 37 J2 - null SN - 0964-4016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2019.1680062 L1 - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09644016.2019.1680062?needAccess=true ER - TY - JOUR TI - Managing carbon emissions: A discursive presentation of ‘market-driven sustainability’ in the British media AU - Koteyko, Nelya T2 - Language & Communication DA - 2012/01// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.langcom.2011.11.001 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 24 EP - 35 J2 - Language & Communication LA - en SN - 02715309 ST - Managing carbon emissions UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0271530911000632 Y2 - 2021/05/01/11:54:11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO 2 emissions AU - Smith, Pete AU - Davis, Steven J. AU - Creutzig, Felix AU - Fuss, Sabine AU - Minx, Jan AU - Gabrielle, Benoit AU - Kato, Etsushi AU - Jackson, Robert B. AU - Cowie, Annette AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Rogelj, Joeri AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Milne, Jennifer AU - Canadell, Josep G. AU - McCollum, David AU - Peters, Glen AU - Andrew, Robbie AU - Krey, Volker AU - Shrestha, Gyami AU - Friedlingstein, Pierre AU - Gasser, Thomas AU - Grübler, Arnulf AU - Heidug, Wolfgang K. AU - Jonas, Matthias AU - Jones, Chris D. AU - Kraxner, Florian AU - Littleton, Emma AU - Lowe, Jason AU - Moreira, José Roberto AU - Nakicenovic, Nebojsa AU - Obersteiner, Michael AU - Patwardhan, Anand AU - Rogner, Mathis AU - Rubin, Ed AU - Sharifi, Ayyoob AU - Torvanger, Asbjørn AU - Yamagata, Yoshiki AU - Edmonds, Jae AU - Yongsung, Cho T2 - Nature Climate Change AB - Scenario analyses suggest that negative emissions technologies (NETs) are necessary to limit dangerous warming. Here the authors assess the biophysical limits to, and economic costs of, the widespread application of NETs. DA - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DO - 10.1038/nclimate2870 DP - www.nature.com VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 42 EP - 50 LA - en SN - 1758-6798 UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2870 Y2 - 2021/04/30/11:51:27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Growing stocks of buildings, infrastructures and machinery as key challenge for compliance with climate targets AU - Krausmann, Fridolin AU - Wiedenhofer, Dominik AU - Haberl, Helmut T2 - Global Environmental Change DA - 2020/03// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102034 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 61 SP - 102034 J2 - Global Environmental Change LA - en SN - 09593780 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378019305138 Y2 - 2021/04/30/11:50:41 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Critical raw materials and transportation sector electrification: A detailed bottom-up analysis in world transport AU - Hache, Emmanuel AU - Seck, Gondia Sokhna AU - Simoen, Marine AU - Bonnet, Clément AU - Carcanague, Samuel T2 - Applied Energy DA - 2019/04// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.02.057 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 240 SP - 6 EP - 25 J2 - Applied Energy LA - en SN - 03062619 ST - Critical raw materials and transportation sector electrification UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306261919303551 Y2 - 2021/04/30/11:49:03 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scenarios for Demand Growth of Metals in Electricity Generation Technologies, Cars, and Electronic Appliances AU - Deetman, Sebastiaan AU - Pauliuk, Stefan AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - van der Voet, Ester AU - Tukker, Arnold T2 - Environmental Science & Technology DA - 2018/04/17/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1021/acs.est.7b05549 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 52 IS - 8 SP - 4950 EP - 4959 J2 - Environ. Sci. Technol. LA - en SN - 0013-936X, 1520-5851 UR - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b05549 Y2 - 2021/04/30/11:48:20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Integrated assessment of biomass supply and demand in climate change mitigation scenarios AU - Dailglou, Vassilis AU - Doelman, Jonathan C. AU - Wicke, Birka AU - Faaij, Andre AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - Biomass is often seen as a key component of future energy systems as it can be used for heat and electricity production, as a transport fuel, and a fe… DA - 2019/01/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.11.012 DP - www.sciencedirect.com VL - 54 SP - 88 EP - 101 LA - en SN - 0959-3780 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959378018303765 Y2 - 2021/04/30/11:46:31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - MEDEAS: a new modeling framework integrating global biophysical and socioeconomic constraints AU - Capellán-Pérez, Iñigo AU - de Blas, Ignacio AU - Nieto, Jaime AU - de Castro, Carlos AU - Miguel, Luis Javier AU - Carpintero, Óscar AU - Mediavilla, Margarita AU - Lobejón, Luis Fernando AU - Ferreras-Alonso, Noelia AU - Rodrigo, Paula AU - Frechoso, Fernando AU - Álvarez-Antelo, David T2 - Energy & Environmental Science AB - Description of the open-source MEDEAS integrated assessment modeling framework, which focuses on the biophysical and economic dimensions, restrictions and interactions arising during energy transitions. , A diversity of integrated assessment models (IAMs) coexists due to the different approaches developed to deal with the complex interactions, high uncertainties and knowledge gaps within the environment and human societies. This paper describes the open-source MEDEAS modeling framework, which has been developed with the aim of informing decision-making to achieve the transition to sustainable energy systems with a focus on biophysical, economic, social and technological restrictions and tackling some of the limitations identified in the current IAMs. MEDEAS models include the following relevant characteristics: representation of biophysical constraints to energy availability; modeling of the mineral and energy investments for the energy transition, allowing a dynamic assessment of the potential mineral scarcities and computation of the net energy available to society; consistent representation of climate change damages with climate assessments by natural scientists; integration of detailed sectoral economic structure (input–output analysis) within a system dynamics approach; energy shifts driven by physical scarcity; and a rich set of socioeconomic and environmental impact indicators. The potentialities and novel insights that this framework brings are illustrated by the simulation of four variants of current trends with the MEDEAS-world model: the consideration of alternative plausible assumptions and methods, combined with the feedback-rich structure of the model, reveal dynamics and implications absent in classical models. Our results suggest that the continuation of current trends will drive significant biophysical scarcities and impacts which will most likely derive in regionalization (priority to security concerns and trade barriers), conflict, and ultimately, a severe global crisis which may lead to the collapse of our modern civilization. Despite depicting a much more worrying future than conventional projections of current trends, we however believe it is a more realistic counterfactual scenario that will allow the design of improved alternative sustainable pathways in future work. DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1039/C9EE02627D DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 986 EP - 1017 J2 - Energy Environ. Sci. LA - en SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5706 ST - MEDEAS UR - http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=C9EE02627D Y2 - 2021/04/30/11:44:33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Defining transformative climate science to address high-end climate change AU - David Tàbara, J. AU - Jäger, Jill AU - Mangalagiu, Diana AU - Grasso, Marco T2 - Regional Environmental Change DA - 2019/03// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1007/s10113-018-1288-8 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 807 EP - 818 J2 - Reg Environ Change LA - en SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10113-018-1288-8 Y2 - 2021/05/03/10:38:40 L1 - files/19023/David Tàbara et al_2019_Defining transformative climate science to address high-end climate change.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Radical transformation pathway towards sustainable electricity via evolutionary steps AU - Bogdanov, Dmitrii AU - Farfan, Javier AU - Sadovskaia, Kristina AU - Aghahosseini, Arman AU - Child, Michael AU - Gulagi, Ashish AU - Oyewo, Ayobami Solomon AU - de Souza Noel Simas Barbosa, Larissa AU - Breyer, Christian T2 - Nature Communications DA - 2019/12// PY - 2019 DO - 10.1038/s41467-019-08855-1 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1077 J2 - Nat Commun LA - en SN - 2041-1723 UR - http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08855-1 Y2 - 2021/05/03/10:13:54 L1 - files/19024/Bogdanov et al_2019_Radical transformation pathway towards sustainable electricity via evolutionary.pdf ER - TY - RPRT TI - The Economic Effects of Achieving the 2030 EU Climate Targets in the Context of the Corona Crisis An Austrian Perspective AU - Steininger, Karl W. AU - Mayer, Jakob AU - Bachner, Gabriel DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 L1 - files/26198/Steininger et al_2021_The Economic Effects of Achieving the 2030 EU Climate Targets in the Context of.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leverage points for sustainability transformations: nine guiding questions for sustainability science and practice AU - Leventon, Julia AU - Abson, Dave J. AU - Lang, Daniel J. T2 - Sustainability Science AB - The concept of leverage points offers great potential to consider how we can intervene in systems to create transformations for sustainability. In this special issue, we draw together a diverse collection of research that engages with this central idea. The papers cover three broad topics: (1) the use of a ‘leverage points lens’ for systems framings and understandings; (2) how individual interventions can be understood and critiqued from a leverage points perspective; and (3) the implications of a leverage points approach for research practice and action. Across these topics, we present the papers, and embed them within current critical debate in sustainability science. In doing so, we produce nine guiding questions to shape the research and practice of leverage points for sustainability transformation. These nine questions introduce conceptual clarity to untangle some of the deeper questions around which system we are engaging with, whose system counts, and whose sustainability we are seeking to create. They further shape how we deliver a leverage points research practice. We intend, therefore, that our guiding questions open up exploration across systems and worldviews, and help us to dance with systems. DA - 2021/04/28/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1007/s11625-021-00961-8 DP - Springer Link J2 - Sustain Sci LA - en SN - 1862-4057 ST - Leverage points for sustainability transformations UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00961-8 Y2 - 2021/05/05/11:13:46 L1 - files/20525/Leventon et al_2021_Leverage points for sustainability transformations.pdf L1 - files/25010/Leventon et al_2021_Leverage points for sustainability transformations.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The limits of energy sufficiency: A review of the evidence for rebound effects and negative spillovers from behavioural change AU - Sorrell, Steve AU - Gatersleben, Birgitta AU - Druckman, Angela T2 - Energy Research & Social Science DA - 2020/06// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101439 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 64 SP - 101439 J2 - Energy Research & Social Science LA - en SN - 22146296 ST - The limits of energy sufficiency UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214629620300165 Y2 - 2021/05/06/07:00:49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Is decentralisation always good for climate change mitigation? How federalism has complicated the greening of building policies in Austria AU - Steurer, Reinhard AU - Clar, Christoph T2 - Policy Sciences AB - This paper addresses two related puzzles. The first puzzle is that parts of the environmental federalism literature suggest that federal states are ill-equipped to solve nation-wide or global environmental problems such as climate change, but climate policy scholars usually emphasise the opposite. The second puzzle is that Austria (a federal EU Member State) is regularly praised as an environmental policy leader but has missed its Kyoto target by about 19 %. The paper addresses both puzzles by analysing to what degree federalism is responsible for Austria’s poor mitigation performance. Since the nine Austrian provinces are mainly responsible for regulating the building sector that accounts for about 25 % of total energy consumption and 13 % of the greenhouse gas emissions, the analysis focuses on the integration of climate change mitigation in building policies. The empirical core of the paper analyses all major EU, federal and provincial policies that aimed to green the building sector since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. After showing that these policy outputs cannot explain considerable sectoral emission reductions, we conclude that Austrian federalism did not facilitate but hinder climate change mitigation because it added a vertical dimension to an already complex horizontal integration challenge. However, since federalism can by far not explain Austria’s failure to reach its Kyoto target domestically, we also conclude that it is only one of many independent variables that shape climate change mitigation. Finally, we argue that Austria is neither an environmental policy leader nor a laggard, but an opportunist. DA - 2015/03/01/ PY - 2015 DO - 10.1007/s11077-014-9206-5 DP - Springer Link VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 85 EP - 107 J2 - Policy Sci LA - en SN - 1573-0891 ST - Is decentralisation always good for climate change mitigation? UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9206-5 Y2 - 2021/05/08/20:19:55 L1 - files/20065/Steurer_Clar_2015_Is decentralisation always good for climate change mitigation.pdf L1 - files/20066/Steurer_Clar_2015_Is decentralisation always good for climate change mitigation.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Providing decent living with minimum energy: A global scenario AU - Millward-Hopkins, Joel AU - Steinberger, Julia K. AU - Rao, Narasimha D. AU - Oswald, Yannick T2 - Global Environmental Change AB - It is increasingly clear that averting ecological breakdown will require drastic changes to contemporary human society and the global economy embedded within it. On the other hand, the basic material needs of billions of people across the planet remain unmet. Here, we develop a simple, bottom-up model to estimate a practical minimal threshold for the final energy consumption required to provide decent material livings to the entire global population. We find that global final energy consumption in 2050 could be reduced to the levels of the 1960s, despite a population three times larger. However, such a world requires a massive rollout of advanced technologies across all sectors, as well as radical demand-side changes to reduce consumption – regardless of income – to levels of sufficiency. Sufficiency is, however, far more materially generous in our model than what those opposed to strong reductions in consumption often assume. DA - 2020/11/01/ PY - 2020 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102168 VL - 65 SP - 102168 SN - 0959-3780 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378020307512 KW - Energy KW - Sufficiency KW - Climate change KW - Inequality KW - Basic needs KW - Demand ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Green Market Transition: Carbon Taxes, Energy Subsidies and Smart Instrument Mixes AU - Weishaar, Stefan E. AU - Kreiser, Larry AU - Milne, Janet E. AU - Ashiabor, Hope AU - Mehling, Michael CY - Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, USA DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - Edward Elgar ER - TY - JOUR TI - 1.5 °C degrowth scenarios suggest the need for new mitigation pathways AU - Keyßer, Lorenz T. AU - Lenzen, Manfred T2 - Nature Communications AB - 1.5  °C scenarios reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) rely on combinations of controversial negative emissions and unprecedented technological change, while assuming continued growth in gross domestic product (GDP). Thus far, the integrated assessment modelling community and the IPCC have neglected to consider degrowth scenarios, where economic output declines due to stringent climate mitigation. Hence, their potential to avoid reliance on negative emissions and speculative rates of technological change remains unexplored. As a first step to address this gap, this paper compares 1.5  °C degrowth scenarios with IPCC archetype scenarios, using a simplified quantitative representation of the fuel-energy-emissions nexus. Here we find that the degrowth scenarios minimize many key risks for feasibility and sustainability compared to technology-driven pathways, such as the reliance on high energy-GDP decoupling, large-scale carbon dioxide removal and large-scale and high-speed renewable energy transformation. However, substantial challenges remain regarding political feasibility. Nevertheless, degrowth pathways should be thoroughly considered. DA - 2021/05/11/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1038/s41467-021-22884-9 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 2676 J2 - Nature Communications SN - 2041-1723 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22884-9 L1 - files/20551/Keyßer_Lenzen_2021_1.pdf KW - Environmental economics KW - Sustainability KW - Socioeconomic scenarios KW - Climate-change mitigation KW - Energy economics ER - TY - GEN TI - Klimaneutralität: Optionen für eine ambitionierte Weichenstellung und Umsetzung; Positionspapier 2021 AU - Rat für Nachhaltige Entwicklung DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 L1 - files/20610/Rat für Nachhaltige Entwicklung_2021_Klimaneutralität.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon flows, carbon markets, and low-carbon lifestyles: reflecting on the role of markets in climategovernance AU - Spaargaren, Gert AU - Mol, Arthur P.J. T2 - Environmental Politics DA - 2013/02// PY - 2013 DO - 10.1080/09644016.2013.755840 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 22 IS - 1 SP - 174 EP - 193 J2 - Environmental Politics LA - en SN - 0964-4016, 1743-8934 ST - Carbon flows, carbon markets, and low-carbon lifestyles UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09644016.2013.755840 Y2 - 2021/09/29/13:48:28 L1 - files/22517/Spaargaren_Mol_2013_Carbon flows, carbon markets, and low-carbon lifestyles.pdf KW - SOD ER - TY - GEN TI - Striving for a Norwegian Low Emission Society post 2050. Three scenarios AU - Korsnes, Marius AU - Sørensen, Knut H. DA - 2017/// PY - 2017 PB - Centre for Sustainable Energy Studies UR - https://www.ntnu.no/documents/7414984/1275356549/Three+Scenarios-web.pdf/b79d842d-d338-45e6-ad15-2faae165eab1 L1 - files/21914/Korsnes_Sørensen_2017_Striving for a Norwegian Low Emission Society post 2050.pdf ER - TY - GEN TI - Wege zu einem klimaneutralen Energiesystem. Die deutsche Energiewende im Kontext gesellschaftlicher Verhaltensweisen AU - Sterchele, Philip AU - Brandes, Julian AU - Hellig, Judith AU - Wrede, Daniel AU - Kost, Christoph AU - Schlegl, Thomas AU - Bett, Andreas AU - Henning, Hans-Martin DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 PB - Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg UR - https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/ise/de/documents/publications/studies/Fraunhofer-ISE-Studie-Wege-zu-einem-klimaneutralen-Energiesystem.pdf L1 - files/21915/Sterchele et al_2020_Wege zu einem klimaneutralen Energiesystem.pdf ER - TY - GEN TI - UniNEtZ – Universitäten und Nachhaltige Entwicklungsziele - Perspektivenbericht AU - Allianz Nachhaltige Universitäten in Österreich DA - 2020/// PY - 2020 UR - https://www.uninetz.at/media/beitraege/02-2020_Kurzversion_Perspektivenbericht.pdf L1 - files/21916/Allianz Nachhaltige Universitäten in Österreich_2020_UniNEtZ – Universitäten und Nachhaltige Entwicklungsziele - Perspektivenbericht.pdf ER - TY - GEN TI - Global Sustainable Development Report 2019: The Future is Now – Science for Achieving Sustainable Development AU - Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the Secretary-General DA - 2019/// PY - 2019 PB - United Nations, New York UR - https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwj8s_-P7MnzAhUg_7sIHQ7nBe0QFnoECBEQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsustainabledevelopment.un.org%2Fcontent%2Fdocuments%2F24797GSDR_report_2019.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0py2RUihJppKThuDWy8rf4 L1 - files/21917/Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the Secretary-General_2019_Global Sustainable Development Report 2019.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Smarte grüne Welt? Digitalisierung zwischen Überwachung, Konsum und Nachhaltigkeit AU - Lange, Steffen AU - Santarius, Tilman CN - HC79.E5 L3547 2018 CY - München DA - 2018/// PY - 2018 DP - Library of Congress ISBN SP - 265 LA - de PB - Oekom Verlag SN - 978-3-96238-020-5 ST - Smarte grüne Welt? L1 - files/21969/Lange_Santarius_2018_Smarte grüne Welt.pdf KW - Sustainable development KW - Technological innovations KW - Consumption (Economics) KW - Green products ER - TY - JOUR TI - Doing more with less: Provisioning systems and the transformation of the stock-flow-service nexus AU - Plank, Christina AU - Liehr, Stefan AU - Hummel, Diana AU - Wiedenhofer, Dominik AU - Haberl, Helmut AU - Görg, Christoph T2 - Ecological Economics DA - 2021/09// PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107093 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 187 SP - 107093 J2 - Ecological Economics LA - en SN - 09218009 ST - Doing more with less UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800921001518 Y2 - 2021/10/28/15:13:03 L1 - files/26648/Plank et al_2021_Doing more with less.pdf KW - Inter- and transdisciplinarity KW - Provisioning systems KW - Social-ecological transformations KW - Stock-flow-service nexus ER - TY - JOUR TI - The transformation of provisioning systems from an integrated perspective of social metabolism and political economy: a conceptual framework AU - Schaffartzik, Anke AU - Pichler, Melanie AU - Pineault, Eric AU - Wiedenhofer, Dominik AU - Gross, Robert AU - Haberl, Helmut T2 - Sustainability Science AB - Energy, food, or mobility can be conceptualized as provisioning systems which are decisive to sustainability transformations in how they shape resource use and because of emissions resulting from them. To curb environmental pressures and improve societal well-being, fundamental changes to existing provisioning systems are necessary. In this article, we propose that provisioning systems be conceptualized as featuring integrated socio-metabolic and political-economic dimensions. In socio-metabolic terms, material stocks—buildings, infrastructures, and machines, for example—are key components of provisioning systems and transform flows of energy and materials into goods and services. In political-economic terms, provisioning systems are formed by actors, institutions, and capital. We loosely identify and closely analyze, from socio-metabolic and political-economic perspectives, five phases along which provisioning systems are shaped and in which specific opportunities for interventions exist. Relying mainly on examples from the fossil-fueled electricity system, we argue that an integrated conceptualization of provisioning systems can advance understanding of these systems in two essential ways: by (1) facilitating a more encompassing perspective on current forms of provisioning as relying on capitalist regulation and on material stocks and flows and by (2) embedding provisioning systems within their historical context, making it possible to conceive of more sustainable and just forms of provisioning under (radically) altered conditions. DA - 2021/09/01/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1007/s11625-021-00952-9 DP - Springer Link VL - 16 IS - 5 SP - 1405 EP - 1421 J2 - Sustain Sci LA - en SN - 1862-4057 ST - The transformation of provisioning systems from an integrated perspective of social metabolism and political economy UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00952-9 Y2 - 2021/11/01/14:40:32 L1 - files/22962/Schaffartzik et al_2021_The transformation of provisioning systems from an integrated perspective of.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The state in the transformation to a sustainable postgrowth economy AU - Koch, Max T2 - Environmental Politics AB - The limits of the environmental state in the context of the provision of economic growth are addressed by applying materialist state theory, state-rescaling approaches and the degrowth/postgrowth literature. I compare state roles in a capitalist growth economy and in a postgrowth economy geared towards bio-physical parameters such as matter and energy throughput and the provision of ‘sustainable welfare’. In both cases state roles are analysed in relation to the economy, welfare, and the environment, as well as state spatiality. Finally, I address the state in a transition from a growth economy to a sustainable postgrowth economy. I argue that materialist state and sustainable welfare theories are capable of informing state-led ‘eco-social’ policies that, if integrated in a comprehensive policy strategy, have the potential to overcome the growth imperative in the economy and policymaking and break the growth-related glass ceiling of the environmental state. DA - 2020/01/02/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1080/09644016.2019.1684738 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 115 EP - 133 SN - 0964-4016 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2019.1684738 Y2 - 2021/05/09/14:37:53 L1 - files/23733/Koch_2020_The state in the transformation to a sustainable postgrowth economy.pdf L2 - files/23734/09644016.2019.html KW - degrowth/postgrowth KW - eco-social policies KW - Environmental state KW - materialist state theory KW - steady-state economy KW - sustainable welfare ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enough? The role of sufficiency in European energy and climate plans. AU - Zell-Ziegler, Carina AU - Thema, Johannes AU - Best, Benjamin AU - Wiese, Frauke AU - Lage, Jonas AU - Schmidt, Annika AU - Toulouse, Edouard AU - Stagl, Sigrid T2 - Energy Policy DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112483 VL - 157 L1 - files/27357/Zell-Ziegler et al_2021_Enough.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Local Demonstrations for Global Transitions—Dynamics across Governance Levels Fostering Socio-Technical Regime Change Towards Sustainability AU - Späth, Philipp AU - Rohracher, Harald T2 - European Planning Studies AB - Which role do spatial dimensions play in the transformation of socio-technical regimes, in particular the energy system, towards more sustainable configurations? Concepts such as the multi-level perspective on socio-technical change have not given sufficient attention to space and place so far. We develop our considerations around the case of an “Energy Region” in Austria where people try to bring about a substantive shift in their “local” energy supply structure and have the ambition to contribute to a “general” transition towards sustainable energy systems. However, if this ambition is to stand the test of reality, what are the mechanisms and processes through which regional governance can have a broader impact on the transition of the energy system? What are the resources it can draw upon? What are the linkages with other governance levels? We investigate in detail how one regional showcase for the feasibility of a non-fossil, sustainable energy system was set up in Murau, a remote, alpine district of Austria. Starting from the multi-level framework for the modelling of niche-regime interaction, we put particular emphasis on the formation of discourse coalitions and dynamics of multi-level governance. Our findings support the view to pay considerably more attention to the interplay of local and non-local discourses and the dynamic relations between local initiatives and non-local networks which can provide specific opportunities for the legitimization and entrenchment of alternative socio-technical configurations. DA - 2012/03/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1080/09654313.2012.651800 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 461 EP - 479 SN - 0965-4313 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.651800 Y2 - 2022/03/07/10:02:06 L1 - files/25019/Späth_Rohracher_2012_Local Demonstrations for Global Transitions—Dynamics across Governance Levels.pdf L2 - files/25017/09654313.2012.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - Tightening EU ETS targets in line with the European Green Deal: Impacts on the decarbonization of the EU power sector AU - Pietzcker, Robert C. AU - Osorio, Sebastian AU - Rodrigues, Renato T2 - Applied Energy AB - The EU Green Deal calls for climate neutrality by 2050 and emission reductions of 50–55% in 2030 in comparison to 1990. Achieving these reductions requires a substantial tightening of the regulations of the EU emissions trading system (EU ETS). This paper explores how the power sector would have to change in reaction to a tighter EU ETS target, and analyses the technological and economic implications. To cover the major ETS sectors, we combine a detailed power sector model with a marginal-abatement cost curve representation of industry emission abatement. We find that tightening the target would speed up the transformation by 3–17 years for different parts of the electricity system, with renewables contributing 74% of the electricity in 2030, EU-wide coal use almost completely phased-out by 2030 instead of 2045, and zero electricity generation emissions reached by 2040. Carbon prices within the EU ETS would more than triple to 129€/tCO2 in 2030, reducing cumulated power sector emissions from 2017 to 2057 by 54% compared to a scenario with the current target. This transformation would come at limited costs: total discounted power system costs would only increase by 5%. We test our findings against a number of sensitivities: an increased electricity demand, which might arise from sector coupling, increases deployment of wind and solar and prolongs gas usage. Not allowing transmission expansion beyond 2020 levels shifts investments from wind to PV, hydrogen and batteries, and increases total system costs by 3%. Finally, the unavailability of fossil carbon capture and storage (CCS) or further nuclear investments does not impact results. Unavailability of bioenergy-based CCS (BECCS) has a visible impact (18% increase) on cumulated power sector emissions, thus shifting more of the mitigation burden to the industry sector, but does not increase electricity prices or total system costs (<1% increase). DA - 2021/07/01/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116914 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 293 SP - 116914 J2 - Applied Energy LA - en SN - 0306-2619 ST - Tightening EU ETS targets in line with the European Green Deal UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261921003962 Y2 - 2022/03/14/10:08:58 L1 - files/25177/Pietzcker et al_2021_Tightening EU ETS targets in line with the European Green Deal.pdf KW - Renewable energy KW - European Green Deal KW - Carbon capture and storage (CCS) KW - Electricity decarbonization KW - EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS) KW - Power sector ER - TY - JOUR TI - Die Umsetzung der Kreislaufwirtschaft in österreichischen Unternehmen – Praktiken, Strategien und Auswirkungen auf den Unternehmenserfolg AU - Schöggl, Josef-Peter AU - Stumpf, Lukas AU - Rusch, Magdalena AU - Baumgartner, Rupert J. T2 - Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft AB - Das Konzept der Kreislaufwirtschaft befindet sich seit 2015 als einer der wichtigsten Punkte auf der europäischen Agenda. Infolgedessen wurde auch die Forschung zur Rolle von Unternehmen in der Umstellung auf eine Kreislaufwirtschaft in den letzten Jahren erheblich intensiviert. Bislang wird die wissenschaftliche Literatur jedoch von konzeptionellen Arbeiten dominiert und die verfügbare empirische Forschung besteht hauptsächlich aus Einzel- oder Mehrfachfallstudien. Empirische Studien, die auf größeren Stichproben beruhen, sind selten und bisher hat keine Studie den Stand der Umsetzung der Kreislaufwirtschaft in österreichischen Unternehmen zum Gegenstand gehabt. Diese Forschungslücke wird durch die vorliegende Studie geschlossen, die die Ergebnisse von Telefoninterviews mit 120 GeschäftsführerInnen und 100 Nachhaltigkeitsverantwortlichen österreichischer Unternehmen darlegt. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf Unternehmen des produzierenden Gewerbes. Die Interviewfragen wurden aus der Literatur abgeleitet und bauen auf etablierten Konzepten wie den 10-Rs oder dem ReSOLVE Framework auf. Die Ergebnisse geben erstens Aufschluss über die strategische Kreislaufwirtschaftsorientierung österreichischer Unternehmen, indem sie detailliert aufzeigen, inwieweit Überlegungen zur Kreislaufwirtschaft in Unternehmensstrategien, Innovationen, Humankapital und Geschäftsführung integriert sind. Zweitens wird der Grad der Umsetzung von 26 spezifischen kreislaufwirtschafts- und nachhaltigkeitsorientierten Praktiken dargestellt. Diese Praktiken decken eine vollständige Lebenszyklusperspektive ab und umfassen Interventionen in verschiedenen Unternehmensbereichen. So wird beispielsweise dargestellt, inwieweit sich Unternehmen für ein nachhaltiges Lieferkettenmanagement engagieren, ihr Produktdesign ändern (z. B. Design für Recycling/Wiederverwendung/Reparatur, …), ihre Produktion optimieren (z. B. Verwendung von Rezyklaten, Schließung interner Ressourcenkreisläufe, …), ihre Geschäftsmodelle ändern (z. B. durch Dematerialisierung oder den Verkauf von Nebenprodukten) oder Post-Consumer-Produkte wiederverwenden bzw. rezyklieren. Drittens wird aufgezeigt, wie CEOs die Auswirkungen der Umsetzung dieser Strategien auf die finanzielle und nachhaltige Gesamtleistung ihrer Unternehmen bewerten. Abschließend wird dargestellt, wie die CEOs die Bereitschaft des österreichischen Marktes für die Kreislaufwirtschaft einschätzen. Dazu wird aufgezeigt, wie die Befragten den Wettbewerbsdruck, die technologischen Entwicklungen und die Nachfrage nach zirkulären Produkten bewerten. DA - 2022/02/01/ PY - 2022 DO - 10.1007/s00506-021-00828-3 DP - Springer Link VL - 74 IS - 1 SP - 51 EP - 63 J2 - Österr Wasser- und Abfallw LA - de SN - 1613-7566 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00506-021-00828-3 Y2 - 2022/03/16/16:59:23 L1 - files/25497/Schöggl et al_2022_Die Umsetzung der Kreislaufwirtschaft in österreichischen Unternehmen –.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Barriers to the Circular Economy: Evidence From the European Union (EU) AU - Kirchherr, Julian AU - Piscicelli, Laura AU - Bour, Ruben AU - Kostense-Smit, Erica AU - Muller, Jennifer AU - Huibrechtse-Truijens, Anne AU - Hekkert, Marko T2 - Ecological Economics AB - The circular economy concept is much discussed in the European Union (EU), but only limited progress has been accomplished so far regarding its implementation. Most scholarly studies blame this on various technological barriers. Our work rebuts these studies. We present the first large-N-study on circular economy barriers in the EU (208 survey respondents, 47 expert interviews). We find that cultural barriers, particularly a lack of consumer interest and awareness as well as a hesitant company culture, are considered the main circular economy barriers by businesses and policy-makers. These are driven by market barriers which, in turn, are induced by a lack of synergistic governmental interventions to accelerate the transition towards a circular economy. Meanwhile, not a single technological barrier is ranked among the most pressing circular economy barriers, according to our research. Overall, our work suggests that circular economy is a niche discussion among sustainable development professionals at this stage. Significant efforts need to be undertaken for the concept to maintain its momentum. DA - 2018/08/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.04.028 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 150 SP - 264 EP - 272 J2 - Ecological Economics LA - en SN - 0921-8009 ST - Barriers to the Circular Economy UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800917317573 Y2 - 2022/03/17/15:09:15 L1 - files/25425/Kirchherr et al_2018_Barriers to the Circular Economy.pdf L2 - files/25424/S0921800917317573.html KW - Sustainable development KW - European Union KW - Circular economy KW - Sustainability transitions KW - Barriers ER - TY - JOUR TI - Monetary valuation of ecosystem services: It matters to get the timeline right AU - Baveye, Philippe C. AU - Baveye, Jacques AU - Gowdy, John T2 - Ecological Economics AB - In the abundant literature dealing with the monetary valuation, or monetization, of ecosystem services (MES), with very few exceptions, the concept is presented as having emerged in 1997. In fact, there is a long history, starting in the late fifties but largely ignored, of sustained attempts to assign monetary values to nature's services. These early efforts encountered many conceptual and methodological roadblocks, which could not be resolved and led a number of researchers to argue that monetary valuation was not a fruitful approach. It is in that context that MES was hailed by some in 1997 as a promising way to integrate environmental goods and services into the logic of economic markets. Knowledge of the full timeline casts a very different light, in particular on the difficulties currently encountered in the practice of MES; far from being the expected growing pains of a young discipline, these difficulties turn out to be long-standing problems that have eluded solution over the last half-century and appear intrinsically unresolvable. This perspective suggests that, at this point, it is advisable to look at alternatives to MES for the integration of nature into economic decisions. DA - 2013/11/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.09.009 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 95 SP - 231 EP - 235 J2 - Ecological Economics LA - en SN - 0921-8009 ST - Monetary valuation of ecosystem services UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800913002954 Y2 - 2022/03/17/10:58:15 KW - Environmental sustainability KW - Ecosystem services KW - Commodification KW - Nature's services KW - Valuation ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ecosystem valuation AU - Turner, R. Kerry AU - Morse-Jones, Sian AU - Fisher, Brendan T2 - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AB - Understanding the economic value of nature and the services it provides to humanity has become increasingly important for local, national, and global policy and decision making. It has become obvious that quantifying and integrating these services into decision making will be crucial for sustainable development. Problems arise in that it is difficult to obtain meaningful values for the goods and services that ecosystems provide and for which there is no formal market. A wide range of ecosystem services fall into this category. Additional problems arise when economic methods are applied inappropriately and when the importance of ecosystem maintenance for human welfare is underestimated. In this article we identify a place for monetary valuation within the pluralistic approach supported by ecological economics and assess progress to date in the application of environmental valuation to ecosystem service provision. We first review definitions of ecosystem services in order to make an operational link to valuation methods. We then discuss the spatially explicit nature of ecosystem services provision and benefits capture. We highlight the importance of valuing marginal changes and the role for macroscale valuation, nonlinearities in service benefits, and the significance of nonconvexities (threshold effects). We also review guidance on valuation studies quality assurance, and discuss the problems inherent in the methodology as exposed by the findings of behavioral economics, as well as with benefits transfer—the most common way valuation studies are applied in the policy process. We argue for a sequential decision support system that can lead to a more integrated and rigorous approach to environmental valuation and biophysical measurement of ecosystem services. This system itself then needs to be encompassed within a more comprehensive multicriteria assessment dialogue and process. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05280.x DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 1185 IS - 1 SP - 79 EP - 101 LA - en SN - 1749-6632 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05280.x Y2 - 2022/03/19/15:02:45 KW - ecosystem services KW - ecosystem valuation KW - double counting KW - ecosystem valuation techniques KW - marginality KW - nonlinearities KW - spatial explicitness KW - threshold effects ER - TY - JOUR TI - Conceptualizing market formation for transformative policy AU - Boon, Wouter P. C. AU - Edler, Jakob AU - Robinson, Douglas K. R. T2 - Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions AB - Transitions are hardly conceivable without understanding how new markets are formed. However, there is still an incipient conceptualization of market formation in the context of transformation and transformative policy. Drawing on existing perspectives of market formation in economics of innovation, sociology of markets and marketing studies literature, this paper develops a framework for characterizing, differentiating and analyzing new market formation processes. We use three case studies to demonstrate how the framework is able to capture the dynamic and interconnected nature of market formation. The market formation framework serves to diagnose potential misalignments, bottlenecks and failures, to identify entry points for policy to intervene in market formation and support transformative innovation. DA - 2022/03/01/ PY - 2022 DO - 10.1016/j.eist.2021.12.010 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 42 SP - 152 EP - 169 J2 - Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions LA - en SN - 2210-4224 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210422421001362 Y2 - 2022/03/18/22:42:26 L1 - files/25989/Boon et al_2022_Conceptualizing market formation for transformative policy.pdf KW - Transitions KW - Market formation KW - Policy entry points KW - Transformative innovation policy ER - TY - JOUR TI - From market fixing to market-creating: a new framework for innovation policy AU - Mazzucato, Mariana T2 - Industry and Innovation AB - Many countries are pursuing innovation-led “smart” growth, which requires long-run strategic investments and public policies that aim to create and shape markets, rather than just “fixing” markets or systems. Market creation has characterized the kind of mission-oriented investments that led to putting a man on the moon and are currently galvanizing green innovation. Mission-oriented innovation has required public agencies to not only “de-risk” the private sector, but also to lead the direct creation of new technological opportunities and market landscapes. This paper considers four key issues that arise from a market-creating framework for policy: (1) decision-making on the direction of change; (2) the nature of (public and private) organizations that can welcome the underlying uncertainty and discovery process; (3) the evaluation of mission-oriented and market-creation policies; and (4) the ways in which both risks and rewards can be shared so that smart growth can also result in inclusive growth. DA - 2016/02/17/ PY - 2016 DO - 10.1080/13662716.2016.1146124 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 23 IS - 2 SP - 140 EP - 156 SN - 1366-2716 ST - From market fixing to market-creating UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2016.1146124 Y2 - 2022/03/18/22:35:21 L1 - files/25991/Mazzucato_2016_From market fixing to market-creating.pdf L2 - files/25990/13662716.2016.html KW - Innovation policy KW - 03 KW - directionality KW - H1 KW - inclusive growth KW - L1 KW - L2 KW - market failures KW - mission-oriented policy KW - O1 KW - smart growth KW - system failures ER - TY - RPRT TI - Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AU - IPCC CY - Cambridge DA - 2022/// PY - 2022 PB - Cambridge University Press. UR - https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ Y2 - 2022/03/24/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ecospirituality and sustainability transitions: agency towards degrowth AU - Lestar, Tamas AU - Böhm, Steffen T2 - Religion, State and Society AB - ABSTRACT?Sustainability transitions? has emerged as one of the most important and influential literatures on understanding the pathways towards a more sustainable future. Yet, most approaches in this literature privilege technological and regime-wide innovations, while people?s agencies, grassroots innovations, and social factors more generally are often underrepresented. This article focuses on the role of ecospirituality as worldview, aiming to understand how spiritual and religious beliefs play an important role in practical, everyday sustainability transitions. In an extensive desk-based study, literature across disciplines is reviewed to explore connections between spirituality, pro-environmental behaviour, climate policy, and sustainability agencies. Showing the importance of ecospiritual practice, the purpose of this article is to make a case for the inclusion of ecospirituality, as worldview, in the study of sustainability transitions. We argue that ecospirituality is a significant dimension to understanding people?s contemporary agencies that shift away from endless economic growth and resource efficiency mantras towards more radical worldviews of degrowth and different ways of achieving happiness and fulfilment in life. DA - 2020/01/01/ PY - 2020 DO - 10.1080/09637494.2019.1702410 VL - 48 IS - 1 SP - 56 EP - 73 J2 - null SN - 0963-7494 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2019.1702410 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Sustainability and the common good: Catholic Social Teaching and ‘Integral Ecology’ as contributions to a framework of social values for sustainability transitions AU - Christie, Ian AU - Gunton, Richard M. AU - Hejnowicz, Adam P. T2 - Sustainability Science AB - It is widely acknowledged that the large-scale and long-term transitions needed to mitigate climate change and to implement policies for sustainable development within planetary boundaries require significant shifts in values and behaviours. Consequently, there is increasing interest in the processes through which major societal transitions for sustainability can occur through peaceful cooperation and widespread embrace of pro-environmental values, and the values associated with the broad concept of sustainability such as care for the interests of future generations and concern for the poor. This encompasses the search for compelling narratives to frame the process and goals of change and the need for the fostering of virtues and ethical frameworks of identity and practice that can underpin advocacy and change for sustainability. This requires drawing on richer sources of values and ethics. We suggest that important resources can be found in religious, as well as secular traditions of social values and ethical analysis. While major religions have begun to reflect environmental concerns and sustainability goals in their theology and praxis, with immense potential and actual influence over value and behaviours, little research has explored the impacts and implications of this development; nor indeed, the intellectual stimulus and social capabilities they can offer to secular thinkers and practitioners in sustainable development. In particular, we argue that there is a need to consider the affinities between secular sustainability frameworks for ethics and policy and the concepts of Catholic Social Teaching (CST) on the Common Good, recently updated by Pope Francis to integrate ecological concern and a call for universal ‘ecological conversion’ and cooperation. We outline the key features of CST and the Pope’s new ‘Integral Ecology’ framework and identify affinities, in particular, with Elinor Ostrom’s system of design principles for sustainable management of commons. We conclude with suggestions for research to investigate the interrelationships of the Integral Ecology reframing of CST with initiatives for transformational change in values and practices for sustainability. DA - 2019/09/01/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.1007/s11625-019-00691-y VL - 14 IS - 5 SP - 1343 EP - 1354 J2 - Sustainability Science SN - 1862-4057 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00691-y L1 - files/26644/Christie et al_2019_Sustainability and the common good.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards sustainable smart cities: A review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities AU - Silva, Bhagya Nathali AU - Khan, Murad AU - Han, Kijun T2 - Sustainable Cities and Society AB - Smart city is an application of Internet of Things (IoT) notion. Unceasing growth of population and urbanization have intensified innovative ways to handle urbanization with minimal impact on environment, citizen lifestyles, and governance. Initial integration of information communication technology (ICT) into city operations have promoted telicity, information city, and digital city concepts. Later, the conception of IoT has founded the smart cities, which support the city operations intelligently with minimal human interaction. Smart city emerged as a solution to address the challenges arise with exponential growth of urbanization and population. However, smart city concept is still evolving and not mainstreamed throughout the globe due to technological, economical, and governing barriers. Therefore, this paper aims to deliver the essence of smart cities. The paper presents a brief overview of smart cities, followed by the features and characteristics, generic architecture, composition, and real-world implementations of smart cities. Finally, we present some challenges and opportunities identified through extensive literature survey on smart cities. DA - 2018/04/01/ PY - 2018 DO - 10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.053 VL - 38 SP - 697 EP - 713 J2 - Sustainable Cities and Society SN - 2210-6707 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670717311125 L1 - files/26662/Silva et al_2018_Towards sustainable smart cities.pdf KW - Communication in smart cities KW - Internet of things KW - IoT applications KW - Smart city architectures KW - Wireless sensor network ER - TY - JOUR TI - Smart Cities and Green Growth: Outsourcing Democratic and Environmental Resilience to the Global Technology Sector AU - Viitanen, Jenni AU - Kingston, Richard T2 - Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space AB - Climate change and advances in urban technology propel forward the ?smart city?. As decision makers strive to find a technological fix, smart city strategies are often based on technological orthodoxies which are conceptually and empirically shallow. The motivation behind this paper is to address the conceptual adolescence which relates to the wholesale digitisation of the city by pursuing a twin argument about the democratic and environmental consequences. The authors draw on interdisciplinary theory and insights from urban studies, infrastructure, informatics, and the sociology of the Internet to critique the way the ?smart city? is taken forward. It is concluded that private firms market smart city services and solutions based on an ideological legacy of ?ubiquitous computing?, ?universal infrastructure?, and ?green technology?. Based on evidence from three UK cities?Manchester, Birmingham, and Glasgow?it is argued that the underlying principle of future city strategies is to expand the market for new technology products and services to support ?green growth? with disregard for their wider impacts. For citizens, becoming a consumer of the technologies is often presented as progressive ?participation? or ?empowerment? with unknown or hidden consequences both political and environmental. The city systems become a digital marketplace where citizen-consumers' participation is increasingly involuntary and the hegemony of global technology firms is inflated. What follows is that the city's ?intelligent systems' are defined through a digital consumer experience that has inherent biases and leaves parts of the city and its population unaccounted for. This renders the city less resilient in the face of future social and climatic risks. DA - 2014/04/01/ PY - 2014 DO - 10.1068/a46242 VL - 46 IS - 4 SP - 803 EP - 819 J2 - Environ Plan A SN - 0308-518X UR - https://doi.org/10.1068/a46242 Y2 - 2022/04/13/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Summary for Policymakers AU - IPCC T2 - Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A2 - Shukla, P.R. A2 - Skea, J. A2 - Slade, R. A2 - Khourdajie, A. Al A2 - Diemen, R. van A2 - McCollum, D. A2 - Pathak, M. A2 - Some, S. A2 - Vyas, P. A2 - Fradera, R. A2 - Belkacemi, M. A2 - Hasija, A. A2 - Lisboa, G. A2 - Luz, S. A2 - Malley, J. CY - Cambridge DA - 2022/// PY - 2022 PB - Cambridge University Press. SN - 978-1-00-915792-6 UR - https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/ Y2 - 2022/03/24/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Future Subjunctive: Backcasting as Social Learning AU - Robinson, John T2 - Futures AB - Backcasting represents a form of explicitly normative scenario analysis. This paper reviews some of the key theoretical and methodological issues that are raised by a backcasting approach and discusses how these are addressed in the Georgia Basin Futures Project, a five year participatory integrated assessment project focusing on modeling, scenario analysis and community engagement. The paper argues for a “second generation” form of backcasting, where the desired future is not determined in advance of the analysis but is an emergent property of the process of engaging with users and project partners. In this sense backcasting contributes to a process of social learning about possible and desirable futures.Subjunctive: A: Adj. 1b. Designating a mood, the forms of which are employed to denote an action or a state as conceived (and not as a fact) and therefore used to express a wish, command, exhortation, or a contingent, hypothetical or prospective event. (Oxford English Dictionary, p. 3122) DA - 2003/10/01/ PY - 2003 DO - 10.1016/S0016-3287(03)00039-9 VL - 35 SP - 839 EP - 856 J2 - Futures ER - TY - JOUR TI - Urbanization, carbon neutrality, and Gross National Happiness: Sustainable development pathways for Bhutan AU - Kamei, Miho AU - Wangmo, Tashi AU - Leibowicz, Benjamin D. AU - Nishioka, Shuzo T2 - Cities AB - Bhutan is a rapidly growing economy currently undergoing swift and extensive rural-to-urban migration. Its commitment to carbon neutrality, as well as its unique Gross National Happiness (GNH) objectives, make Bhutan a fascinating laboratory for studying sustainable development strategies and how they can be specifically tailored to align with local contexts and values. This paper uses the framing of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from the global climate change mitigation literature to develop a vision for a locally appropriate SSP for a sustainable Bhutan, encompassing energy supply, energy demand, and urban and regional planning. The approach outlined here demonstrates how research-based recommendations from the academic literature can be combined with knowledge of local considerations to develop place-based visions for sustainable societies. The proposed sustainable pathway for Bhutan (SSP1) outlines a future in which the nation continues to sequester more carbon than it emits while maintaining traditional cultural values, a strong sense of community, and a burgeoning economy. Outcomes of alternative scenarios are described according to the nine domains of GNH. Focusing on Bhutan as a real case study, this paper thus demonstrates how mitigation measures can be selected and implemented to align with unique cultural values and national aspirations. DA - 2021/04/01/ PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102972 VL - 111 SP - 102972 J2 - Cities SN - 0264-2751 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275120313202 L1 - files/26899/Kamei et al_2021_Urbanization, carbon neutrality, and Gross National Happiness.pdf KW - Sustainable development KW - Climate change mitigation KW - Shared socioeconomic pathways KW - Carbon neutrality KW - Scenario analysis KW - Urbanization ER - TY - JOUR TI - Energy investment needs for fulfilling the Paris Agreement and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals AU - McCollum, David L. AU - Zhou, Wenji AU - Bertram, Christoph AU - de Boer, Harmen-Sytze AU - Bosetti, Valentina AU - Busch, Sebastian AU - Després, Jacques AU - Drouet, Laurent AU - Emmerling, Johannes AU - Fay, Marianne AU - Fricko, Oliver AU - Fujimori, Shinichiro AU - Gidden, Matthew AU - Harmsen, Mathijs AU - Huppmann, Daniel AU - Iyer, Gokul AU - Krey, Volker AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - Nicolas, Claire AU - Pachauri, Shonali AU - Parkinson, Simon AU - Poblete-Cazenave, Miguel AU - Rafaj, Peter AU - Rao, Narasimha AU - Rozenberg, Julie AU - Schmitz, Andreas AU - Schoepp, Wolfgang AU - van Vuuren, Detlef AU - Riahi, Keywan T2 - Nature Energy DA - 2018/07// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1038/s41560-018-0179-z DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 3 IS - 7 SP - 589 EP - 599 J2 - Nat Energy LA - en SN - 2058-7546 UR - http://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-018-0179-z Y2 - 2022/04/25/12:05:44 L1 - files/26908/McCollum et al_2018_Energy investment needs for fulfilling the Paris Agreement and achieving the.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fossil-fueled development (SSP5): An energy and resource intensive scenario for the 21st century AU - Kriegler, Elmar AU - Bauer, Nico AU - Popp, Alexander AU - Humpenöder, Florian AU - Leimbach, Marian AU - Strefler, Jessica AU - Baumstark, Lavinia AU - Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon AU - Hilaire, Jérôme AU - Klein, David AU - Mouratiadou, Ioanna AU - Weindl, Isabelle AU - Bertram, Christoph AU - Dietrich, Jan-Philipp AU - Luderer, Gunnar AU - Pehl, Michaja AU - Pietzcker, Robert AU - Piontek, Franziska AU - Lotze-Campen, Hermann AU - Biewald, Anne AU - Bonsch, Markus AU - Giannousakis, Anastasis AU - Kreidenweis, Ulrich AU - Müller, Christoph AU - Rolinski, Susanne AU - Schultes, Anselm AU - Schwanitz, Jana AU - Stevanovic, Miodrag AU - Calvin, Katherine AU - Emmerling, Johannes AU - Fujimori, Shinichiro AU - Edenhofer, Ottmar T2 - Global Environmental Change DA - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.015 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 42 SP - 297 EP - 315 J2 - Global Environmental Change LA - en SN - 09593780 ST - Fossil-fueled development (SSP5) UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378016300711 Y2 - 2022/04/25/12:04:58 L1 - files/26909/Kriegler et al_2017_Fossil-fueled development (SSP5).pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - SSP3: AIM implementation of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways AU - Fujimori, Shinichiro AU - Hasegawa, Tomoko AU - Masui, Toshihiko AU - Takahashi, Kiyoshi AU - Herran, Diego Silva AU - Dai, Hancheng AU - Hijioka, Yasuaki AU - Kainuma, Mikiko T2 - Global Environmental Change DA - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.06.009 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 42 SP - 268 EP - 283 J2 - Global Environmental Change LA - en SN - 09593780 ST - SSP3 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378016300838 Y2 - 2022/04/25/12:02:39 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Energy, land-use and greenhouse gas emissions trajectories under a green growth paradigm AU - van Vuuren, Detlef P. AU - Stehfest, Elke AU - Gernaat, David E.H.J. AU - Doelman, Jonathan C. AU - van den Berg, Maarten AU - Harmsen, Mathijs AU - de Boer, Harmen Sytze AU - Bouwman, Lex F. AU - Daioglou, Vassilis AU - Edelenbosch, Oreane Y. AU - Girod, Bastien AU - Kram, Tom AU - Lassaletta, Luis AU - Lucas, Paul L. AU - van Meijl, Hans AU - Müller, Christoph AU - van Ruijven, Bas J. AU - van der Sluis, Sietske AU - Tabeau, Andrzej T2 - Global Environmental Change DA - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.008 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 42 SP - 237 EP - 250 J2 - Global Environmental Change LA - en SN - 09593780 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095937801630067X Y2 - 2022/04/25/11:58:57 L1 - files/26910/van Vuuren et al_2017_Energy, land-use and greenhouse gas emissions trajectories under a green growth.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The SSP4: A world of deepening inequality AU - Calvin, Katherine AU - Bond-Lamberty, Ben AU - Clarke, Leon AU - Edmonds, James AU - Eom, Jiyong AU - Hartin, Corinne AU - Kim, Sonny AU - Kyle, Page AU - Link, Robert AU - Moss, Richard AU - McJeon, Haewon AU - Patel, Pralit AU - Smith, Steve AU - Waldhoff, Stephanie AU - Wise, Marshall T2 - Global Environmental Change DA - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DO - 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.06.010 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 42 SP - 284 EP - 296 J2 - Global Environmental Change LA - en SN - 09593780 ST - The SSP4 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095937801630084X Y2 - 2022/04/25/11:55:13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Using qualitative scenarios to understand regional environmental change in the Canadian North AU - Wesche, Sonia D. AU - Armitage, Derek R. T2 - Regional Environmental Change DA - 2014/06// PY - 2014 DO - 10.1007/s10113-013-0537-0 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 1095 EP - 1108 J2 - Reg Environ Change LA - en SN - 1436-3798, 1436-378X UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10113-013-0537-0 Y2 - 2022/04/25/11:46:36 L1 - files/26911/Wesche_Armitage_2014_Using qualitative scenarios to understand regional environmental change in the.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Towards local-parallel scenarios for climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability AU - Cradock-Henry, Nicholas A. AU - Diprose, Gradon AU - Frame, Bob T2 - Climate Risk Management DA - 2021/// PY - 2021 DO - 10.1016/j.crm.2021.100372 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 34 SP - 100372 J2 - Climate Risk Management LA - en SN - 22120963 UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2212096321001017 Y2 - 2022/04/25/11:44:59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Leverage points for sustainability transformation AU - Abson, David J. AU - Fischer, Joern AU - Leventon, Julia AU - Newig, Jens AU - Schomerus, Thomas AU - Vilsmaier, Ulli AU - von Wehrden, Henrik AU - Abernethy, Paivi AU - Ives, Christopher D. AU - Jager, Nicolas W. AU - Lang, Daniel J. T2 - Ambio AB - Despite substantial focus on sustainability issues in both science and politics, humanity remains on largely unsustainable development trajectories. Partly, this is due to the failure of sustainability science to engage with the root causes of unsustainability. Drawing on ideas by Donella Meadows, we argue that many sustainability interventions target highly tangible, but essentially weak, leverage points (i.e. using interventions that are easy, but have limited potential for transformational change). Thus, there is an urgent need to focus on less obvious but potentially far more powerful areas of intervention. We propose a research agenda inspired by systems thinking that focuses on transformational ‘sustainability interventions’, centred on three realms of leverage: reconnecting people to nature, restructuring institutions and rethinking how knowledge is created and used in pursuit of sustainability. The notion of leverage points has the potential to act as a boundary object for genuinely transformational sustainability science. DA - 2017/02/01/ PY - 2017 DO - 10.1007/s13280-016-0800-y VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 30 EP - 39 J2 - Ambio SN - 1654-7209 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0800-y ER - TY - JOUR TI - Just Transformations to Sustainability AU - Bennett, Nathan J. AU - Blythe, Jessica AU - Cisneros-Montemayor, Andrés M. AU - Singh, Gerald G. AU - Sumaila, U. Rashid T2 - Sustainability AB - Transformations towards sustainability are needed to address many of the earth’s profound environmental and social challenges. Yet, actions taken to deliberately shift social–ecological systems towards more sustainable trajectories can have substantial social impacts and exclude people from decision-making processes. The concept of just transformations makes explicit a need to consider social justice in the process of shifting towards sustainability. In this paper, we draw on the transformations, just transitions, and social justice literature to advance a pragmatic framing of just transformations that includes recognitional, procedural and distributional considerations. Decision-making processes to guide just transformations need to consider these three factors before, during and after the transformation period. We offer practical and methodological guidance to help navigate just transformations in environmental management and sustainability policies and practice. The framing of just transformations put forward here might be used to inform decision making in numerous marine and terrestrial ecosystems, in rural and urban environments, and at various scales from local to global. We argue that sustainability transformations cannot be considered a success unless social justice is a central concern. DA - 2019/07/17/ PY - 2019 DO - 10.3390/su11143881 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 11 IS - 14 SP - 3881 J2 - Sustainability LA - en SN - 2071-1050 UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/14/3881 Y2 - 2022/07/12/16:22:29 L1 - files/27163/Bennett et al_2019_Just Transformations to Sustainability.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Dark Side of Transformation: Latent Risks in Contemporary Sustainability Discourse AU - Blythe, Jessica AU - Silver, Jennifer AU - Evans, Louisa AU - Armitage, Derek AU - Bennett, Nathan J. AU - Moore, Michele‐Lee AU - Morrison, Tiffany H. AU - Brown, Katrina T2 - Antipode DA - 2018/11// PY - 2018 DO - 10.1111/anti.12405 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 50 IS - 5 SP - 1206 EP - 1223 J2 - Antipode LA - en SN - 0066-4812, 1467-8330 ST - The Dark Side of Transformation UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anti.12405 Y2 - 2022/07/12/16:22:36 L1 - files/27165/Blythe et al_2018_The Dark Side of Transformation.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regional implementation of a novel policy approach: The role of minerals safeguarding in land-use planning policy in Austria AU - Gugerell, Katharina AU - Endl, Andreas AU - Gottenhuber, Sara Louise AU - Ammerer, Gloria AU - Berger, Gerald AU - Tost, Michael T2 - The Extractive Industries and Society DA - 2020/01// PY - 2020 DO - 10.1016/j.exis.2019.10.016 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 87 EP - 96 J2 - The Extractive Industries and Society LA - en SN - 2214790X ST - Regional implementation of a novel policy approach UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214790X19302321 Y2 - 2022/07/20/15:15:49 L1 - files/27324/Gugerell et al_2020_Regional implementation of a novel policy approach.pdf ER -