TY  - RPRT
TI  - Räumlich und zeitlich hochaufgelöste Temperaturszenarien für Wien und ausgewählte Analysen bezüglich Adaptionsstrategien
AU  - Formayer, H.
AU  - Haas, P.
AU  - Hofstätter, M.
AU  - Radanovics, S.
AU  - Kromp-Kolb, H.
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DP  - Google Scholar
M3  - Endbericht einer Studie im Auftrag der Wiener Umweltschutzabteilung - MA 22 der Stadt Wien gemeinsam mit der MA 27 - EU-Strategie und Wirtschaftsentwicklung.
PB  - Institut für Meteorologie, Universität für Bodenkultur
UR  - https://www.wien.gv.at/wirtschaft/standort/pdf/temperaturszenarien.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A statistical mass-balance model for reconstruction of LIA ice mass for glaciers in the European Alps
AU  - Schöner, Wolfgang
AU  - Böhm, Reinhard
T2  - Annals of Glaciology
DA  - 2007/10/01/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.3189/172756407782871639
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
SP  - 161
EP  - 169
SN  - 02603055, 17275644
UR  - http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0260-3055&volume=46&issue=1&spage=161
Y2  - 2013/08/30/11:54:23
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Machbarkeitsstudie. Vb-artige Wetterlagen als Ursache exzessiver Niederschläge im Alpenraum
AU  - Hofstätter, M.
AU  - Böhm, R.
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
M3  - Machbarkeitsstudie im Auftrag des Bundesministerium für Land und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft, Sektion VII – Wasser
PB  - ZAMG
UR  - http://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/dokumente/klima/dok_projekte/dok_machbarkeitsstudie-vb/abschlussbericht-mbk-vb
Y2  - 2013/10/09/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - WETPAT. Vb-artige Wetterlagen im Klimawandel aus regionalen Klimamodellsimulationen mit Cosmo-CLM
AU  - Hofstätter, M.
AU  - Chimani, B.
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
M3  - Projektbericht
PB  - ZAMG
UR  - http://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/forschung/klima/klimamodellierung/wetpat
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Hydrometeorologische Aspekte des Sommerhochwassers der Oder 1997
AU  - Malitz, G.
AU  - Schmidt, T.
T2  - Klimastatusbericht 1997
A2  - Deutscher Wetterdienst
CY  - Offenbach, Frankfurt
DA  - 1997///
PY  - 1997
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 28
EP  - 36
UR  - http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/generator/DWDWWW/Content/Oeffentlichkeit/KU/KU2/KU22/klimastatusbericht/einzelne__berichte/download__ksb1997,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/download_ksb1997.pdf#page=28
Y2  - 2013/08/31/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Numerical simulations of the 12–13 August 2002 flooding event in eastern Germany
AU  - Zängl, G.
T2  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
DA  - 2004/07/01/
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1256/qj.03.152
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 130
IS  - 600
SP  - 1921
EP  - 1940
SN  - 00359009, 1477870X
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1256/qj.03.152
Y2  - 2013/08/31/21:43:02
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Extreme floods in central Europe over the past 500 years: Role of cyclone pathway “Zugstrasse Vb”
AU  - Mudelsee, M.
AU  - Börngen, M.
AU  - Tetzlaff, G.
AU  - Grünewald, U.
T2  - Journal of Geophysical Research
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1029/2004JD005034
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 109
IS  - D23
SN  - 0148-0227
ST  - Extreme floods in central Europe over the past 500 years
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2004JD005034
Y2  - 2013/08/31/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Räumliche Differenzierung der mikroklimatischen Eigenschaften von Wiener Stadtstrukturen und Anpassungsmaßnahmen. Ergebnisse kleinklimatischer Messungen. Teil 2 der Studie "Räumlich und zeitlich hoch aufgelöste Temperaturszenarien für Wien und ausgewählte Analysen bezüglich Adaptationsstrategien".
AU  - Mursch-Radlgruber, E.
AU  - Trimmel, H.
AU  - Gerersdorfer, T.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
PB  - Wiener Umweltschutzabteilung (MA 22), EU-Strategie und Wirtschaftsentwicklung (MA 27)
ER  - 

TY  - THES
TI  - Climate change and energy security-a losing deal? Impacts, Trade-offs and Adaptation Possibilities for Metropolitan Areas. A Scenario Approach for Long-range Energy Planning in the Greater Vienna Region
AU  - Damerau, Kerstin
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Google Scholar
M3  - Diplomarbeit
PB  - Universität Wien. Fakultät für Geowissenschaften, Geographie und Astronomie
UR  - http://othes.univie.ac.at/2140/
Y2  - 2013/08/31/17:11:00
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Verallgemeinerung der Stromfunktionsmethode auf drei Dimensionen
AU  - Sievers, U.
T2  - Meteorologische Zeitschrift
DA  - 1995///
PY  - 1995
DP  - cat.inist.fr
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 15
LA  - ger
SN  - 0941-2948
UR  - http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3413019
Y2  - 2013/08/31/21:19:44
KW  - Air flow
KW  - Atmospheric boundary layer
KW  - Bâtiment
KW  - Buildings
KW  - Capa límite atmosférico
KW  - Couche limite atmosphérique
KW  - Ecoulement air
KW  - Edificio
KW  - Flujo aéreo
KW  - Fonction courant
KW  - Función corriente
KW  - Modèle 3 dimensions
KW  - Modelo 3 dimensiones
KW  - Numerical simulation
KW  - Simulación numérica
KW  - Simulation numérique
KW  - Stream function
KW  - Three dimensional model
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dreidimensionale Simulation in Stadtgebieten
AU  - Sievers, U.
T2  - Schriftenreihe Umweltmeteorologie
DA  - 1990///
PY  - 1990
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 15
SP  - 36
EP  - 43
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Klimahandbuch der österreichischen Bodenschätzung.
AU  - Harlfinger, Otmar
AU  - Knees, Gerd
AB  - Für dieses Buch wurden zahlreiche Klimaparameter – mit Schwerpunkt der Wärme-Wasserhaushaltskomponenten – von allen verfügbaren amtlichen Klimastationen bearbeitet, geprüft, interpoliert und zu vollständigen Reihen aufbereitet. Sie stellen einerseits die Basis für Vergleichsanalysen und Zeitreihen zwischen den verschiedenen Klimaräumen Österreichs dar, andererseits dienen sie als Eingangsgrößen für ein digitales Höhenmodell mit einer Rasterweite von 500 x 500 m. Dieses Klimamodell ermöglicht es, für alle Katastralgemeinden Österreichs die entsprechenden Klimadaten zu errechnen. Damit beinhaltet dieses Werk, bereichert durch viele Graphiken und Tabellen, die bisher umfangreichste Klimabearbeitung von Österreich und ist für Klimatologen wie für Behörden, Institute und Schulen geeignet.
DA  - 1999///
PY  - 1999
DP  - Google Books
VL  - 1
SP  - 196
LA  - de
PB  - Wagner
SN  - 978-3-7030-0341-7
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Agro-ecological zoning: Guidelines
AU  - FAO
T2  - FAO Soils Bulletin. Soil Resources, Management and Conservation Service
CY  - Rome
DA  - 1996///
PY  - 1996
PB  - FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
SN  - 73
UR  - http://www.fao.org/docrep/w2962e/w2962e00.htm
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Relating residential and commercial sector electricity loads to climate—evaluating state level sensitivities and vulnerabilities
AU  - Sailor, David J
T2  - Energy
DA  - 2001/07//
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1016/S0360-5442(01)00023-8
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
SP  - 645
EP  - 657
SN  - 03605442
UR  - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360544201000238
Y2  - 2013/08/31/21:04:46
ER  - 

TY  - STAT
TI  - Vereinfachte Berechnung des zeitbezogenen Wärmeverlustes (Heizlast) von Gebäuden
AU  - ÖNORM
DA  - 1983/02/01/
PY  - 1983
VL  - ÖNORM B 8135
UR  - http://www.bdb.at/Service/NormenDetail?id=1920
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Heat Waves in the South Moravian Region during the Period 1961-1995
AU  - Kyselý, Jan
AU  - Kalvová, Jaroslava
AU  - Květoň, Vít
T2  - Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica
AB  - Heat waves (periods of extremely hot summer weather) in the region of south Moravia are in the focus of this study. The introduced definition consists of three requirements imposed on the period that is considered a heat wave: at least three days with T MAX ≥30.0°C must be observed; the mean T MAX over the whole period is at least 30.0°C; and T MAX must not drop below 25.0°C. To compare the severity of the individual heat waves, various characteristics (duration, number of tropical days, peak temperature, cumulative temperature excess, precipitation amount) are examined. The heat wave index HWI is defined to express the severity of heat waves in the most comprehensive way. An extraordinary heat wave occurred in July and August 1994; it lasted more than a month at several stations, while the duration of a typical heat wave is only 4 - 7 days. The extremely long unbroken period of tropical days, and even of days with T MAX ≥32.0°C, represents the most distinct feature of the severe 1994 heat wave. With regard to heat wave characteristics, the summer temperature exceptionality of the early 1990s is indubitable.
DA  - 2000/01/01/
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1023/A:1022009924435
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
SP  - 57
EP  - 72
J2  - Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica
LA  - en
SN  - 0039-3169, 1573-1626
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1022009924435
Y2  - 2013/08/31/
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
KW  - Geophysics/Geodesy
KW  - heat wave
KW  - Structural Geology
KW  - tropical day
KW  - extreme events
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Fluctuations in heat related mortality in Vienna
AU  - Thaler, S.
AU  - Holawe, F.
AU  - Mursch-Radlgruber, E.
T2  - 17th International Congress of Biometeorology ICB 2005
A2  - Deutscher Wetterdienst (Offenbach, Main)
C1  - Offenbach am Main
C3  - Annalen der Meteorologie Nr. 41, Band 1 und 2: 17th International Congress of Biometeorology ICB 2005
DA  - 2005/09/05/
PY  - 2005
DP  - Open WorldCat
LA  - German
PB  - Deutscher Wetterdienst
SN  - 978-3-88148-405-3
ST  - 50 Jahre Überwachung der Radioaktivität in der Atmosphäre durch den Deutschen Wetterdienst
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Are there any influences of meteorological conditions on mortality fluctuations in Vienna, Austria
AU  - Thaler, S.
AU  - Holawe, F.
AU  - Mursch-Radlgruber, E.
T2  - 18th Conference on Atmospheric BioGeosciences / 28th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
A2  - American Meteorological Society
C1  - Orlando
DA  - 2008/05/28/
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://ams.confex.com/ams/28Hurricanes/webprogram/Paper138942.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - HISTALP—historical instrumental climatological surface time series of the Greater Alpine Region
AU  - Auer, Ingeborg
AU  - Böhm, Reinhard
AU  - Jurkovic, Anita
AU  - Lipa, Wolfgang
AU  - Orlik, Alexander
AU  - Potzmann, Roland
AU  - Schöner, Wolfgang
AU  - Ungersböck, Markus
AU  - Matulla, Christoph
AU  - Briffa, Keith
AU  - Jones, Phil
AU  - Efthymiadis, Dimitrios
AU  - Brunetti, Michele
AU  - Nanni, Teresa
AU  - Maugeri, Maurizio
AU  - Mercalli, Luca
AU  - Mestre, Olivier
AU  - Moisselin, Jean-Marc
AU  - Begert, Michael
AU  - Müller-Westermeier, Gerhard
AU  - Kveton, Vit
AU  - Bochnicek, Oliver
AU  - Stastny, Pavel
AU  - Lapin, Milan
AU  - Szalai, Sándor
AU  - Szentimrey, Tamás
AU  - Cegnar, Tanja
AU  - Dolinar, Mojca
AU  - Gajic-Capka, Marjana
AU  - Zaninovic, Ksenija
AU  - Majstorovic, Zeljko
AU  - Nieplova, Elena
T2  - International Journal of Climatology
AB  - This paper describes the HISTALP database, consisting of monthly homogenised records of temperature, pressure, precipitation, sunshine and cloudiness for the ‘Greater Alpine Region’ (GAR, 4–19°E, 43–49°N, 0–3500m asl). The longest temperature and air pressure series extend back to 1760, precipitation to 1800, cloudiness to the 1840s and sunshine to the 1880s. A systematic QC procedure has been applied to the series and a high number of inhomogeneities (more than 2500) and outliers (more than 5000) have been detected and removed. The 557 HISTALP series are kept in different data modes: original and homogenised, gap-filled and outlier corrected station mode series, grid-1 series (anomaly fields at 1° × 1°, lat × long) and Coarse Resolution Subregional (CRS) mean series according to an EOF-based regionalisation. The leading climate variability features within the GAR are discussed through selected examples and a concluding linear trend analysis for 100, 50 and 25-year subperiods for the four horizontal and two altitudinal CRSs. Among the key findings of the trend analysis is the parallel centennial decrease/increase of both temperature and air pressure in the 19th/20th century. The 20th century increase (+1.2 °C/+ 1.1 hPa for annual GAR-means) evolved stepwise with a first peak near 1950 and the second increase (1.3 °C/0.6hPa per 25 years) starting in the 1970s. Centennial and decadal scale temperature trends were identical for all subregions. Air pressure, sunshine and cloudiness show significant differences between low versus high elevations. A long-term increase of the high-elevation series relative to the low-elevation series is given for sunshine and air pressure. Of special interest is the exceptional high correlation near 0.9 between the series on mean temperature and air pressure difference (high-minus low-elevation). This, further developed via some atmospheric statics and thermodynamics, allows the creation of ‘barometric temperature series’ without use of the measures of temperature. They support the measured temperature trends in the region. Precipitation shows the most significant regional and seasonal differences with, e.g., remarkable opposite 20th century evolution for NW (9% increase) versus SE (9% decrease). Other long- and short-term features are discussed and indicate the promising potential of the new database for further analyses and applications. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1002/joc.1377
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
EP  - 46
LA  - en
SN  - 1097-0088
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.1377/abstract
Y2  - 2013/09/04/17:24:39
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Stadtentwicklung und Trend der Wärmeinselintensität
AU  - Böhm, R.
T2  - Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Serie B
DA  - 1979///
PY  - 1979
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
SP  - 31
EP  - 46
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02245908
Y2  - 2013/08/31/16:34:54
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Urban bias in temperature time series – a case study for the city of Vienna, Austria
AU  - Böhm, Reinhard
T2  - Climatic Change
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
SP  - 113
EP  - 128
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1005338514333
Y2  - 2013/08/31/16:36:19
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Klima von Wien: eine anwendungsorientierte Klimatographie
AU  - Auer, Ingeborg
AU  - Böhm, Reinhard
AU  - Mohnl, Hans
T2  - Beiträge zur Stadtforschung, Stadtentwicklung und Stadtgestaltung
CY  - Wien
DA  - 1989///
PY  - 1989
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 270
PB  - Magistrat der Stadt Wien, Geschäftsgruppe Stadtentwicklung, Stadtplanung und Personal, Geschäftsgruppe Umwelt, Freizeit und Sport
SN  - 978-1-989198-93-3
ST  - Klima von Wien
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Zeitliche Repräsentativitätsanalyse 50jähriger Klimadatensätze im Hinblick auf die Beschreibung der Variabilität von Extremwerten
AU  - Auer, I.
AU  - Böhm, R.
AU  - Korus, E.
AU  - Schöner, W.
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
ST  - Zeitliche Repräsentativitätsanalyse 50jähriger Klimadatensätze im Hinblick auf die Beschreibung der Variabilität von Extremwerten
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/index.php?id=startclim2003
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Gewitterserie ab Mitte Juni 2012 in der Steiermark
AU  - ZAMG
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
PB  - ZAMG, Universität für Bodenkultur
UR  - http://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/dokumente/wetter/news/unwetter_Juli_2012_stmk.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The energetic basis of the urban heat island
AU  - Oke, T. R.
T2  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
DA  - 1982///
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.1002/qj.49710845502
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 108
IS  - 455
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
LA  - en
SN  - 1477-870X
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/qj.49710845502/abstract
Y2  - 2013/08/31/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Glaciermelt of a small basin contributing to runoff under the extreme climate conditions in the summer of 2003
AU  - Koboltschnig, Gernot R.
AU  - Schöner, Wolfgang
AU  - Holzmann, Hubert
AU  - Zappa, Massimiliano
T2  - Hydrological Processes
DA  - 2009/03/30/
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1002/hyp.7203
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 23
IS  - 7
SP  - 1010
EP  - 1018
SN  - 08856087, 10991085
UR  - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/hyp.7203
Y2  - 2013/08/31/19:55:43
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Labor über den Wolken: die Geschichte des Sonnblick-Observatoriums
AU  - Böhm, Reinhard
AU  - Auer, Ingeborg
AU  - Schöner, Wolfgang
AB  - Auf dem Sonnblick, einem Dreitausender in den Hohen Tauern, wurden seit 1886 Millionen von Wetter- und Umweltdaten erhoben, gesammelt und wissenschaftlich analysiert. Forschungsthemen wie Klimawandel, Gletscher, die Energie der Sonnenstrahlung, UV, Ozon, Wolkenphysik und die Chemie der an sich reinen Hochgebirgsatmosphäre und des Schnees sind wesentliche, aber nicht alle Themen, für die auf dem exponierten Berggipfel in idealer „Backgroundlage“ ein modernes Labor bereitsteht. Die Autoren erzählen ein Stück österreichischer Wissenschaftsgeschichte, die seit Jahren auch ihre eigene ist. Sie machen Wissenschaft begreifbar und durch die durchgehend mitverflochtenen, oft abenteuerlichen Geschichten der auf diesem Außenposten arbeitenden Menschen im besten Sinn des Wortes erfahrbar.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 381
PB  - Böhlau Verlag
SN  - 978-3-205-78723-5
ST  - Labor über den Wolken
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - From Dimming to Brightening: Decadal Changes in Solar Radiation at Earth's Surface
AU  - Wild, M.
AU  - Gilgen, H.
AU  - Roesch, A.
AU  - Atsumu, O.
AU  - Long, C.N.
AU  - Dutton, E.G.
AU  - Forgan, B.
AU  - Kallis, A.
AU  - Russak, V.
AU  - Tsvetkov, A.
T2  - Science
DA  - 2005/05/06/
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1126/science.1103215
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 308
IS  - 5723
SP  - 847
EP  - 850
SN  - 0036-8075, 1095-9203
ST  - From Dimming to Brightening
UR  - http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1103215
Y2  - 2013/08/31/21:36:07
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - 125 years of high-mountain research at Sonnblick-Observatory (Austrian Alps)—from “the house above the clouds” to a unique research platform
AU  - Schöner, Wolfgang
AU  - Böhm, Reinhard
AU  - Auer, Ingeborg
T2  - Theoretical and Applied Climatology
DA  - 2012/06/22/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s00704-012-0689-8
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 110
IS  - 4
SP  - 491
EP  - 498
SN  - 0177-798X, 1434-4483
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00704-012-0689-8
Y2  - 2013/08/31/21:05:45
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The value of science
AU  - Feynman, Richard P.
T2  - Engineering and Science
DA  - 1955///
PY  - 1955
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
SP  - 13
EP  - 15
UR  - http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/1575/1/Science.pdf
Y2  - 2013/08/31/17:27:55
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - State of fear: a novel
AU  - Crichton, Michael
CN  - PS3553.R48 S73 2004
CY  - New York
DA  - 2004///
PY  - 2004
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
ET  - 1st ed
SP  - 603
PB  - HarperCollinsPublishers
SN  - 978-0-06-621413-9
ST  - State of fear
KW  - Suspense fiction
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Die Glaubwürdigkeit der Wissenschaft: eine wissenschafts- und erkenntnistheoretische Analyse am Beispiel der Klimaforschung
AU  - Leuschner, Anna
T2  - Science studies
CN  - Q175 .L4448 2012
CY  - Bielefeld
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
SP  - 226
PB  - Transcript
SN  - 978-3-8376-1974-4
ST  - Die Glaubwürdigkeit der Wissenschaft
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Knowledge, Theory of
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Objectivity
KW  - Research
KW  - science
KW  - Truthfulness and falsehood
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Consistent geographical patterns of changes in high-impact European heatwaves
AU  - Fischer, E. M.
AU  - Schär, C.
T2  - Nature Geoscience
DA  - 2010/05/16/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1038/ngeo866
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
SP  - 398
EP  - 403
SN  - 1752-0894, 1752-0908
UR  - http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ngeo866
Y2  - 2013/08/30/16:42:36
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - See-Vision: Einfluss von klimawandelbedingten Wasserschwankungen im Neusiedler See auf die Wahrnehmung und das Verhalten von Besucherinnen und Besuchern
AU  - Pröbstl, U.
AU  - Jiricka, Alexandra
AU  - Schauppenlehner, Thomas
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
SP  - 48
M3  - Endbericht StartClim2006.D3 Teilprojekt von StartClim2006
PB  - Finanziert aus Mitteln des BMLFUW, des BMGFJ, des BMWF, des BMWA und der Österreichischen Hagelversicherung
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/fileadmin/user_upload/reports/StCl06D3.pdf
Y2  - 2013/02/12/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A regional version of the NEMO ocean engine on the Mediterranean Sea: NEMOMED8 user’s guide
AU  - Sevault, F.
AU  - Somot, S.
AU  - Beuvier, J.
T2  - Note de travail du Groupe de Météorologie Grande Echelle et Climat
A2  - METEO-FRANCE CNRM
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Google Scholar
IS  - 107
ST  - A regional version of the NEMO ocean engine on the Mediterranean Sea
UR  - http://www.cnrm.meteo.fr/gmgec/IMG/pdf/nemomed8_book-postnote.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Inaugural Article: Tipping elements in the Earth's climate system
AU  - Lenton, T. M.
AU  - Held, H.
AU  - Kriegler, E.
AU  - Hall, J. W.
AU  - Lucht, W.
AU  - Rahmstorf, S.
AU  - Schellnhuber, H. J.
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DA  - 2008/02/07/
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.0705414105
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 105
IS  - 6
SP  - 1786
EP  - 1793
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
ST  - Inaugural Article
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0705414105
Y2  - 2013/08/31/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Van Bebber's cyclone tracks at 700 hPa in the Eastern Alps for 1961–2002 and their comparison to Circulation Type Classifications
AU  - Hofstätter, Michael
AU  - Chimani, Barbara
T2  - Meteorologische Zeitschrift
DA  - 2012/10/01/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1127/0941-2948/2012/0473
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
SP  - 459
EP  - 473
SN  - 09412948
UR  - http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/metz/detail/21/78576/Van_Bebber_s_cyclone_tracks_at_700_hPa_in_the_East
Y2  - 2013/08/31/19:32:40
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A comparison of the flood precipitation episode in August 2002 with historic extreme precipitation events on the Czech territory
AU  - Řezáčová, Daniela
AU  - Kašpar, Marek
AU  - Müller, Miloslav
AU  - Sokol, Zbyněk
AU  - Kakos, Vilibald
AU  - Hanslian, David
AU  - Pešice, Petr
T2  - Atmospheric Research
AB  - The hydro-meteorological characteristics of the flood from August 2002, which affected a great part of the Czech territory, particularly the Vltava and Labe river basin, were compared with corresponding conditions during similar flood events in the summer seasons of 1997, 1890, 1897 and 1903. The comparison shows analogies in synoptic conditions and causal precipitation heights. The heaviest precipitation fell in the area of a considerable horizontal pressure gradient on the rearward side of the cyclone which advanced very slowly to the north-east across Central Europe and created conditions for the transport of moist air as well as for an organized long-term updraft enhanced in orographically exposed regions. The varying features of the individual events were based on the spatial–temporal distribution of causal precipitation and also on the very different saturation of the catchments. It was chiefly the extraordinary time concentration of precipitation together with the highest catchment saturation that made the flood in 2002 the most extreme.

The extremeness of meteorological fields during two episodes in July 1997 was compared with two episodes in August 2002 with the aid of the reanalysis data from ECMWF. The first episode in 1997 and the second episode in 2002 were the most similar and more extreme in terms of the large-scale fields of basic meteorological quantities. The similar features of these episodes are specifically an intensive influx of moisture into Central Europe and intensive upward motions in the precipitation area. The extremeness of upper- and low-level potential vorticity fields was evaluated to diagnose the behavior of the cyclone and frontal precipitation bands accompanying it. The suitable spatial configuration of positive upper- and low-level potential vorticity anomalies induced an additional amplification of upward motions in the precipitation area that apparently contributed to triggering the heavy precipitation over Central Europe. On the whole, quantities reached more extreme values during the second episode in 2002.
DA  - 2005///
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.10.008
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 77
IS  - 1–4
SP  - 354
EP  - 366
J2  - Atmospheric Research
SN  - 0169-8095
ST  - Precipitation in Urban Areas 6th International Workshop on Precipitation in Urban Areas
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809505001122
Y2  - 2013/08/31/
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Czech territory
KW  - Distribution function
KW  - Extremeness of meteorological quantities
KW  - Hydro-meteorological conditions
KW  - Summer floods
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Hochwasser 2005 - Ereignisdokumentation Teilbericht des Hydrographischen Dienstes
AU  - Godina, Reinhold
AU  - Lalk, Petra
AU  - Lorenz, Peter
AU  - Müller, Gabriele
AU  - Weilguni, Viktor
AB  - Vor allem im Süden und im Westen des Bundesgebietes verursachten die Hochwasserereignisse im August 2005 enorme Schäden, sowohl an der Infrastruktur als auch im privaten Bereich. Der vorliegende Bericht ist eine zusammenfassende Darstellung der meteorologischen Ursachen und deren Auswirkung auf das Abflussgeschehen an den betroffenen Gewässern.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
PB  - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft Sektion Wasser
UR  - http://www.lebensministerium.at/dms/lmat/wasser/wasser-oesterreich/wasserkreislauf/hydrograph_charakt_extrema/Hochwasser2005/Bericht_Hochwasser_August2005.pdf.
Y2  - 2013/10/09/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Terrain and Multiple-Scale Interactions as Factors in Generating Extreme Precipitation Events
AU  - Rudari, Roberto
AU  - Entekhabi, Dara
AU  - Roth, Giorgio
T2  - Journal of Hydrometeorology
DA  - 2004/06//
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005<0390:TAMIAF>2.0.CO;2
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
SP  - 390
EP  - 404
SN  - 1525-755X, 1525-7541
UR  - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005%3C0390:TAMIAF%3E2.0.CO%3B2
Y2  - 2013/08/31/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Digitale Geländemodelle des Neusiedler See-Beckens
AU  - Bácsatyai, Lászlo
AU  - Csaplovics, Elmar
AU  - Márkus, Istvan
AU  - Sinhuber, Aldele Bácsatyai
DA  - 1997///
PY  - 1997
DP  - Google Scholar
PB  - Burgenländ. Landesmuseum (Amt d. Bgld. Landesregierung, Abt. XII/1-LM)
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Origin and transport of mediterranean moisture and air
AU  - Schicker, I.
AU  - Radanovics, S.
AU  - Seibert, P.
T2  - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
DA  - 2010/06/08/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.5194/acp-10-5089-2010
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
SP  - 5089
EP  - 5105
SN  - 1680-7324
UR  - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/5089/2010/
Y2  - 2013/08/31/21:05:19
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Summer Floods in Central Europe – Climate Change Track?
AU  - Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W.
AU  - Ulbrich, Uwe
AU  - Brücher, Tim
AU  - Graczyk, Dariusz
AU  - Krüger, Andreas
AU  - Leckebusch, Gregor C.
AU  - Menzel, Lucas
AU  - Pińskwar, Iwona
AU  - Radziejewski, Maciej
AU  - Szwed, Małgorzata
T2  - Natural Hazards
DA  - 2005/09//
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1007/s11069-004-4547-6
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 36
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 165
EP  - 189
SN  - 0921-030X, 1573-0840
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11069-004-4547-6
Y2  - 2013/08/31/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate change and mortality in Vienna—A human biometeorological analysis based on regional climate modeling
AU  - Muthers, Stefan
AU  - Matzarakis, Andreas
AU  - Koch, Elisabeth
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
DA  - 2010/07/21/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.3390/ijerph7072965
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
SP  - 2965
EP  - 2977
SN  - 1660-4601
UR  - http://pisces.boku.ac.at/han/bokusummon/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2922739/?tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
Y2  - 2013/08/30/09:58:49
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Rahmenübereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen über Klimaänderungen
AU  - UNFCCC
DA  - 1992///
PY  - 1992
SP  - 25
LA  - Deutsch
UR  - http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/convger.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/20/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Anpassungsempfehlungen für urbane Grün- und Freiräume in österreichischen Städten und Stadtregionen
AU  - Meinharter, E.
AU  - Balas, M.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
SP  - 59
M3  - Endbericht von StartClim2010. B in StartClim2010: Anpassung an den Klimawandel: Weitere Beiträge zur Erstellung einer Anpassungsstrategie für Österreich
PB  - Auftraggeber: BMLFUW, BMWF, BMWFJ, ÖBF
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/index.php?id=startclim2010
Y2  - 2013/11/18/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Global Energy Assessment - Toward a Sustainable Future
AU  - GEA
CY  - Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
SN  - 9781 10700 5198 hardback 9780 52118 2935 paperback
ST  - Global Energy Assessment - Toward a Sustainable Future
UR  - www.globalenergyassessment.org
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - "Hot town, summer in the city“ – Die Auswirkungen von Hitzetagen auf das Freizeit- und Erholungsverhalten sowie das Besichtigungsprogramm von StädtetouristInnen – dargestellt am Beispiel Wiens
AU  - Allex, B.
AU  - Liebl, U.
AU  - Brandenburg, C.
AU  - Gerersdorfer, T.
AU  - Czachs, C.
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
M3  - Endbericht von Start-Clim2010.F in StartClim2010: Anpassung an den Klimawandel: Weitere Beiträge zur Erstellung einer Anpassungsstrategie für Österreich
PB  - Auftraggeber: BMLFUW, BMWF, BMWFJ, ÖBF
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/fileadmin/user_upload/StartClim2010_reports/StCl10F_mitAnhang.pdf
Y2  - 2013/10/12/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Einfluss von Adaptationsmaßnahmen auf das akute Sterberisiko in Wien durch Temperaturextreme
AU  - Moshammer, H.
AU  - Hutter, H.P.
AU  - Gerersdorfer, T.
CY  - Wien, Austria
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
SP  - 28
M3  - StartClim2008.A Teilprojekt von StartClim2008
PB  - Institut für Umwelthygiene Medizinische Universität Wien, ZPH, Universität für Bodenkultur,Institut für Meteorologie
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/fileadmin/user_upload/reports/StCl08A.pdf
Y2  - 2013/01/12/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves
AU  - Schär, Christoph
AU  - Vidale, Pier Luigi
AU  - Lüthi, Daniel
AU  - Frei, Christoph
AU  - Häberli, Christian
AU  - Liniger, Mark A.
AU  - Appenzeller, Christof
T2  - Nature
DA  - 2004/01/11/
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1038/nature02300
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 427
IS  - 6972
SP  - 332
EP  - 336
SN  - 0028-0836, 1476-4679
UR  - http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature02300
Y2  - 2013/08/30/13:50:17
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
AU  - IPCC
A3  - Stocker, T. F.
A3  - Qin, D.
A3  - Plattner, G.-K.
A3  - Tignor, M.
A3  - Allen, S.K.
A3  - Boschung, J.
A3  - Nauels, A.
A3  - Xia, Y.
A3  - Bex, V.
A3  - Midgley, P.M.
CY  - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
SP  - 1535
PB  - Cambridge University Press
UR  - http://www.climatechange2013.org/
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Large-scale atmospheric circulation biases and changes in global climate model simulations and their importance for climate change in Central Europe
AU  - van Ulden, A. P.
AU  - van Oldenborgh, G. J.
T2  - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
VL  - 6
SP  - 863
EP  - 881
UR  - http://www.knmi.nl/publications/fulltexts/acp6863.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - Evaluation of the present and future general circulation over Greenland simulated by the IPCC AR5/CMIP5 GCMs with the help of a circulation type classification.  EGU2011-1206, European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2011
T2  - EGU2011-1206, European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2011
A2  - Belleflamme, Alexandre
A2  - Fettweis, Xavier
A2  - Erpicum, Michel
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
LA  - en
UR  - http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/88679
Y2  - 2014/04/11/10:32:20
ER  - 

TY  - SLIDE
TI  - How well do IPCC AR4 models simulate circulation types? EGU2011-1206, European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2011
T2  - EGU2011-1206, European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2011
A2  - Casado, María J.
A2  - Pastor, María A.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2011/EGU2011-1206.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
TI  - „Hot in the city“ – Klimadatenreihenanalyse in Hinblick auf die Vulnerabilität des Wiener Städtetourismus. Bakkalaureatsarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines(r) Bakkalaureus/Bakkalaurea der Technischen Wissenschaften der Studienrichtung Kulturtechnik und Wasserwirtschaft an der Universität für Bodenkultur,Wien
AU  - Piribauer, Sabine
AU  - Strasser, Sabine
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions
AU  - Solomon, Susan
AU  - Plattner, Gian-Kasper
AU  - Knutti, Reto
AU  - Friedlingstein, Pierre
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB  - The severity of damaging human-induced climate change depends not only on the magnitude of the change but also on the potential for irreversibility. This paper shows that the climate change that takes place due to increases in carbon dioxide concentration is largely irreversible for 1,000 years after emissions stop. Following cessation of emissions, removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide decreases radiative forcing, but is largely compensated by slower loss of heat to the ocean, so that atmospheric temperatures do not drop significantly for at least 1,000 years. Among illustrative irreversible impacts that should be expected if atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase from current levels near 385 parts per million by volume (ppmv) to a peak of 450–600 ppmv over the coming century are irreversible dry-season rainfall reductions in several regions comparable to those of the “dust bowl” era and inexorable sea level rise. Thermal expansion of the warming ocean provides a conservative lower limit to irreversible global average sea level rise of at least 0.4–1.0 m if 21st century CO2 concentrations exceed 600 ppmv and 0.6–1.9 m for peak CO2 concentrations exceeding ≈1,000 ppmv. Additional contributions from glaciers and ice sheet contributions to future sea level rise are uncertain but may equal or exceed several meters over the next millennium or longer.
DA  - 2009/01/28/
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.0812721106
DP  - www.pnas.org
SP  - pnas.0812721106
J2  - PNAS
LA  - en
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/01/28/0812721106
Y2  - 2014/05/12/12:05:16
L1  - http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/01/28/0812721106.full.pdf
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19179281
L2  - http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/01/28/0812721106.abstract
KW  - dangerous interference
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - sea level rise
KW  - warming
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Early-warning signals for critical transitions
AU  - Scheffer, Marten
AU  - Bascompte, Jordi
AU  - Brock, William A.
AU  - Brovkin, Victor
AU  - Carpenter, Stephen R.
AU  - Dakos, Vasilis
AU  - Held, Hermann
AU  - van Nes, Egbert H.
AU  - Rietkerk, Max
AU  - Sugihara, George
T2  - Nature
AB  - Complex dynamical systems, ranging from ecosystems to financial markets and the climate, can have tipping points at which a sudden shift to a contrasting dynamical regime may occur. Although predicting such critical points before they are reached is extremely difficult, work in different scientific fields is now suggesting the existence of generic early-warning signals that may indicate for a wide class of systems if a critical threshold is approaching.
DA  - 2009/09/03/
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1038/nature08227
DP  - www.nature.com
VL  - 461
IS  - 7260
SP  - 53
EP  - 59
J2  - Nature
LA  - en
SN  - 0028-0836
UR  - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7260/full/nature08227.html
Y2  - 2014/05/12/11:59:02
L1  - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7260/pdf/nature08227.pdf
L2  - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7260/full/nature08227.html
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Slowing down as an early warning signal for abrupt climate change
AU  - Dakos, Vasilis
AU  - Scheffer, Marten
AU  - Nes, Egbert H. van
AU  - Brovkin, Victor
AU  - Petoukhov, Vladimir
AU  - Held, Hermann
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB  - In the Earth's history, periods of relatively stable climate have often been interrupted by sharp transitions to a contrasting state. One explanation for such events of abrupt change is that they happened when the earth system reached a critical tipping point. However, this remains hard to prove for events in the remote past, and it is even more difficult to predict if and when we might reach a tipping point for abrupt climate change in the future. Here, we analyze eight ancient abrupt climate shifts and show that they were all preceded by a characteristic slowing down of the fluctuations starting well before the actual shift. Such slowing down, measured as increased autocorrelation, can be mathematically shown to be a hallmark of tipping points. Therefore, our results imply independent empirical evidence for the idea that past abrupt shifts were associated with the passing of critical thresholds. Because the mechanism causing slowing down is fundamentally inherent to tipping points, it follows that our way to detect slowing down might be used as a universal early warning signal for upcoming catastrophic change. Because tipping points in ecosystems and other complex systems are notoriously hard to predict in other ways, this is a promising perspective.
DA  - 2008/09/23/
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.0802430105
DP  - www.pnas.org
VL  - 105
IS  - 38
SP  - 14308
EP  - 14312
J2  - PNAS
LA  - en
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/105/38/14308
Y2  - 2014/05/12/11:52:20
L1  - http://www.pnas.org/content/105/38/14308.full.pdf
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787119
L2  - http://www.pnas.org/content/105/38/14308
KW  - tipping point
KW  - alternative stable states
KW  - autocorrelation
KW  - catastrophic shifts
KW  - critical slowing down
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Declining summer snowfall in the Arctic: causes, impacts and feedbacks
AU  - Screen, James A.
AU  - Simmonds, Ian
T2  - Climate Dynamics
AB  - Recent changes in the Arctic hydrological cycle are explored using in situ observations and an improved atmospheric reanalysis data set, ERA-Interim. We document a pronounced decline in summer snowfall over the Arctic Ocean and Canadian Archipelago. The snowfall decline is diagnosed as being almost entirely caused by changes in precipitation form (snow turning to rain) with very little influence of decreases in total precipitation. The proportion of precipitation falling as snow has decreased as a result of lower-atmospheric warming. Statistically, over 99% of the summer snowfall decline is linked to Arctic warming over the past two decades. Based on the reanalysis snowfall data over the ice-covered Arctic Ocean, we derive an estimate for the amount of snow-covered ice. It is estimated that the area of snow-covered ice, and the proportion of sea ice covered by snow, have decreased significantly. We perform a series of sensitivity experiments in which inter-annual changes in snow-covered ice are either unaccounted for, or are parameterized. In the parameterized case, the loss of snow-on-ice results in a substantial decrease in the surface albedo over the Arctic Ocean, that is of comparable magnitude to the decrease in albedo due to the decline in sea ice cover. Accordingly, the solar input to the Arctic Ocean is increased, causing additional surface ice melt. We conclude that the decline in summer snowfall has likely contributed to the thinning of sea ice over recent decades. The results presented provide support for the existence of a positive feedback in association with warming-induced reductions in summer snowfall.
DA  - 2012/06/01/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s00382-011-1105-2
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 38
IS  - 11-12
SP  - 2243
EP  - 2256
J2  - Clim Dyn
LA  - en
SN  - 0930-7575, 1432-0894
ST  - Declining summer snowfall in the Arctic
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-011-1105-2
Y2  - 2014/05/12/11:44:55
L1  - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00382-011-1105-2.pdf
L2  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00382-011-1105-2
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
KW  - sea ice
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Albedo feedback
KW  - Arctic
KW  - Geophysics/Geodesy
KW  - Oceanography
KW  - Snow
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sunlight, water, and ice: Extreme Arctic sea ice melt during the summer of 2007
AU  - Perovich, Donald K.
AU  - Richter-Menge, Jacqueline A.
AU  - Jones, Kathleen F.
AU  - Light, Bonnie
T2  - Geophysical Research Letters
AB  - The summer extent of the Arctic sea ice cover, widely recognized as an indicator of climate change, has been declining for the past few decades reaching a record minimum in September 2007. The causes of the dramatic loss have implications for the future trajectory of the Arctic sea ice cover. Ice mass balance observations demonstrate that there was an extraordinarily large amount of melting on the bottom of the ice in the Beaufort Sea in the summer of 2007. Calculations indicate that solar heating of the upper ocean was the primary source of heat for this observed enhanced Beaufort Sea bottom melting. An increase in the open water fraction resulted in a 500% positive anomaly in solar heat input to the upper ocean, triggering an ice–albedo feedback and contributing to the accelerating ice retreat.
DA  - 2008/06/01/
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1029/2008GL034007
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 35
IS  - 11
SP  - L11501
J2  - Geophys. Res. Lett.
LA  - en
SN  - 1944-8007
ST  - Sunlight, water, and ice
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008GL034007/abstract
Y2  - 2014/05/12/11:43:38
L1  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1029/2008GL034007/asset/grl24626.pdf?v=1&t=hv3pcko3&s=2b26022b3dfbc1f210a2c660c60fe51ca0752335
L2  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008GL034007/abstract
KW  - 0750 Sea ice
KW  - 0764 Energy balance
KW  - sea ice
KW  - 0762 Mass balance
KW  - ice albedo feedback
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than forecast
AU  - Stroeve, Julienne
AU  - Holland, Marika M.
AU  - Meier, Walt
AU  - Scambos, Ted
AU  - Serreze, Mark
T2  - Geophysical Research Letters
AB  - From 1953 to 2006, Arctic sea ice extent at the end of the melt season in September has declined sharply. All models participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4) show declining Arctic ice cover over this period. However, depending on the time window for analysis, none or very few individual model simulations show trends comparable to observations. If the multi-model ensemble mean time series provides a true representation of forced change by greenhouse gas (GHG) loading, 33–38% of the observed September trend from 1953–2006 is externally forced, growing to 47–57% from 1979–2006. Given evidence that as a group, the models underestimate the GHG response, the externally forced component may be larger. While both observed and modeled Antarctic winter trends are small, comparisons for summer are confounded by generally poor model performance.
DA  - 2007/05/16/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1029/2007GL029703
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 34
IS  - 9
SP  - L09501
J2  - Geophys. Res. Lett.
LA  - en
SN  - 1944-8007
ST  - Arctic sea ice decline
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2007GL029703/abstract
Y2  - 2014/05/12/11:40:37
L1  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1029/2007GL029703/asset/grl23061.pdf?v=1&t=hv3p8p06&s=ec6f6671e3ea324d29f6b188451045e45841b281
L2  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2007GL029703/abstract
KW  - Climate change
KW  - 0750 Sea ice
KW  - sea ice
KW  - Arctic
KW  - 1616 Climate variability
KW  - 0758 Remote sensing
KW  - 0776 Glaciology
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of declining Arctic sea ice on winter snowfall
AU  - Liu, Jiping
AU  - Curry, Judith A.
AU  - Wang, Huijun
AU  - Song, Mirong
AU  - Horton, Radley M.
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB  - While the Arctic region has been warming strongly in recent decades, anomalously large snowfall in recent winters has affected large parts of North America, Europe, and east Asia. Here we demonstrate that the decrease in autumn Arctic sea ice area is linked to changes in the winter Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation that have some resemblance to the negative phase of the winter Arctic oscillation. However, the atmospheric circulation change linked to the reduction of sea ice shows much broader meridional meanders in midlatitudes and clearly different interannual variability than the classical Arctic oscillation. This circulation change results in more frequent episodes of blocking patterns that lead to increased cold surges over large parts of northern continents. Moreover, the increase in atmospheric water vapor content in the Arctic region during late autumn and winter driven locally by the reduction of sea ice provides enhanced moisture sources, supporting increased heavy snowfall in Europe during early winter and the northeastern and midwestern United States during winter. We conclude that the recent decline of Arctic sea ice has played a critical role in recent cold and snowy winters.
DA  - 2012/02/27/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.1114910109
DP  - www.pnas.org
J2  - PNAS
LA  - en
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/02/17/1114910109
Y2  - 2014/05/12/11:38:57
L1  - http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/02/17/1114910109.full.pdf
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22371563
L2  - http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/02/17/1114910109.abstract
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of sea ice cover changes on the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric winter circulation
AU  - Jaiser, R.
AU  - Dethloff, K.
AU  - Handorf, D.
AU  - Rinke, A.
AU  - Cohen, J.
T2  - Tellus A
DA  - 2012/01/02/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.11595
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 64
SP  - 11595
SN  - 1600-0870, 0280-6495
UR  - http://www.tellusa.net/index.php/tellusa/article/view/11595
Y2  - 2014/05/12/11:31:17
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A link between reduced Barents-Kara sea ice and cold winter extremes over northern continents
AU  - Petoukhov, Vladimir
AU  - Semenov, Vladimir A.
T2  - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
AB  - The recent overall Northern Hemisphere warming was accompanied by several severe northern continental winters, as for example, extremely cold winter 2005–2006 in Europe and northern Asia. Here we show that anomalous decrease of wintertime sea ice concentration in the Barents-Kara (B-K) seas could bring about extreme cold events like winter 2005–2006. Our simulations with the ECHAM5 general circulation model demonstrate that lower-troposphere heating over the B-K seas in the Eastern Arctic caused by the sea ice reduction may result in strong anticyclonic anomaly over the Polar Ocean and anomalous easterly advection over northern continents. This causes a continental-scale winter cooling reaching −1.5°C, with more than 3 times increased probability of cold winter extremes over large areas including Europe. Our results imply that several recent severe winters do not conflict the global warming picture but rather supplement it, being in qualitative agreement with the simulated large-scale atmospheric circulation realignment. Furthermore, our results suggest that high-latitude atmospheric circulation response to the B-K sea ice decrease is highly nonlinear and characterized by transition from anomalous cyclonic circulation to anticyclonic one and then back again to cyclonic type of circulation as the B-K sea ice concentration gradually reduces from 100% to ice free conditions. We present a conceptual model that may explain the nonlinear local atmospheric response in the B-K seas region by counter play between convection over the surface heat source and baroclinic effect due to modified temperature gradients in the vicinity of the heating area.
DA  - 2010/11/16/
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1029/2009JD013568
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 115
IS  - D21
SP  - D21111
J2  - J. Geophys. Res.
LA  - en
SN  - 2156-2202
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009JD013568/abstract
Y2  - 2014/05/12/11:29:24
L1  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1029/2009JD013568/asset/jgrd16263.pdf?v=1&t=hv3ou9fj&s=3f771b76efd404d22e9ed5dad93a87ec59912b2a
L2  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009JD013568/abstract
KW  - 0750 Sea ice
KW  - 1621 Cryospheric change
KW  - 0772 Distribution
KW  - 1620 Climate dynamics
KW  - Arctic sea ice
KW  - atmospheric circulation
KW  - nonlinear dynamics
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Langzeitverhalten der Starkniederschläge in Baden-Württemberg und Bayern, KLIWA-Projekt A 1.1.3
AU  - KLIWA Arbeitskreis
T2  - KLIWA-Berichte
CY  - Baden-Württemberg
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
SP  - 93
PB  - LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz
SN  - 8
UR  - http://www.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/is/17019/
DB  - ISBN:	3-88148-412-4
Y2  - 2013/11/25/
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
TI  - Ist die Zunahme von Starkniederschlägen auf veränderte Wetterlagen zurückzuführen?, GAW Brief des Deutschen Wetterdienstes Nr 12
AU  - Fricke, W.
AU  - Kaminski, U.
DA  - 2002/09//
PY  - 2002
UR  - http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/generator/DWDWWW/Content/Forschung/FEHP/GAW/DL/GAW__BRIEFE/gaw__brief__012__de__pdf,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/gaw_brief_012_de_pdf.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Global climate change and variability and its influence on Alpine climate — concepts and observations
AU  - Wanner, H.
AU  - Rickli, R.
AU  - Salvisberg, E.
AU  - Schmutz, C.
AU  - Schüepp, M.
T2  - Theoretical and Applied Climatology
AB  - The paper discusses annual to decadal climate variability and change in the European Alps by utilizing the procedure of synoptic downscaling, i.e. it investigates the influence of global to continental scale synoptic structures and processes on the regional climate of the Alps. The European Alps lie to the southeast and under the right exit zone of the southwest-northeast oriented axis of the polar front jet over the North Atlantic ocean, in a transition zone between the Azores high and Icelandic low, between oceanic and continental and between Mediterranean and North Atlantic climates. Together with complex topographically induced phenomena like lee cyclogenesis, orographic precipitation, strong downslope winds and thermotopographical circulation systems, this transitional position makes climate studies in the Alps even more interesting. Only a minor correlation can be observed between global climate variability and Alpine climate. In contrast, the Alpine climate is strongly related to processes over the North Atlantic ocean and its sea ice system (e.g. it has a high correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation and the dynamics and position of the Icelandic low), an area with a rather low climate prediction potential. Since the early 1970's (or just after the “Great Salinity Anomaly” in the North Atlantic Ocean) the intensification of the wintertime westerly jet over the North Atlantic area led to a noticeable northwest-southeast mass transport in the exit area of the jet over Central Europe, leading to pressure and temperature rises and an increase in the amount of precipitation. There is a question over whether this phenomenon is a consequence of natural climate variability or the beginning of an anthropogenic climate change.
DA  - 1997/09/01/
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1007/BF00865022
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 58
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 221
EP  - 243
J2  - Theor Appl Climatol
LA  - en
SN  - 0177-798X, 1434-4483
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00865022
Y2  - 2014/05/12/09:59:30
L1  - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF00865022.pdf
L2  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00865022
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
KW  - Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cost733cat – A database of weather and circulation type classifications
AU  - Philipp, Andreas
AU  - Bartholy, Judit
AU  - Beck, Christoph
AU  - Erpicum, Michel
AU  - Esteban, Pere
AU  - Fettweis, Xavier
AU  - Huth, Radan
AU  - James, Paul
AU  - Jourdain, Sylvie
AU  - Kreienkamp, Frank
AU  - Krennert, Thomas
AU  - Lykoudis, Spyros
AU  - Michalides, Silas C.
AU  - Pianko-Kluczynska, Krystyna
AU  - Post, Piia
AU  - Álvarez, Domingo Rasilla
AU  - Schiemann, Reinhard
AU  - Spekat, Arne
AU  - Tymvios, Filippos S.
T2  - Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C
T3  - Classifications of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns – Theory and Applications
AB  - A new database of weather and circulation type catalogs is presented comprising 17 automated classification methods and five subjective classifications. It was compiled within COST Action 733 “Harmonisation and Applications of Weather Type Classifications for European regions” in order to evaluate different methods for weather and circulation type classification. This paper gives a technical description of the included methods using a new conceptual categorization for classification methods reflecting the strategy for the definition of types. Methods using predefined types include manual and threshold based classifications while methods producing types derived from the input data include those based on eigenvector techniques, leader algorithms and optimization algorithms. In order to allow direct comparisons between the methods, the circulation input data and the methods’ configuration were harmonized for producing a subset of standard catalogs of the automated methods. The harmonization includes the data source, the climatic parameters used, the classification period as well as the spatial domain and the number of types. Frequency based characteristics of the resulting catalogs are presented, including variation of class sizes, persistence, seasonal and inter-annual variability as well as trends of the annual frequency time series. The methodological concept of the classifications is partly reflected by these properties of the resulting catalogs. It is shown that the types of subjective classifications compared to automated methods show higher persistence, inter-annual variation and long-term trends. Among the automated classifications optimization methods show a tendency for longer persistence and higher seasonal variation. However, it is also concluded that the distance metric used and the data preprocessing play at least an equally important role for the properties of the resulting classification compared to the algorithm used for type definition and assignment.
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DO  - 10.1016/j.pce.2009.12.010
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 35
IS  - 9–12
SP  - 360
EP  - 373
J2  - Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C
SN  - 1474-7065
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706510000045
Y2  - 2014/05/12/09:58:05
L2  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706510000045
KW  - Europe
KW  - Circulation type classification
KW  - COST 733
KW  - Dataset
KW  - Weather type classification
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Long-Term Variability of Daily North Atlantic–European Pressure Patterns since 1850 Classified by Simulated Annealing Clustering
AU  - Philipp, A.
AU  - Della-Marta, P. M.
AU  - Jacobeit, J.
AU  - Fereday, D. R.
AU  - Jones, P. D.
AU  - Moberg, A.
AU  - Wanner, H.
T2  - Journal of Climate
DA  - 2007/08/01/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1175/JCLI4175.1
VL  - 20
IS  - 16
SP  - 4065
EP  - 4095
J2  - J. Climate
SN  - 0894-8755
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI4175.1
Y2  - 2014/05/12/
N1  - <p>doi: 10.1175/JCLI4175.1</p>
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Future projections of the surface heat and water budgets of the Mediterranean Sea in an ensemble of coupled atmosphere–ocean regional climate models
AU  - Dubois, C.
AU  - Somot, S.
AU  - Calmanti, S.
AU  - Carillo, A.
AU  - Déqué, M.
AU  - Dell’Aquilla, A.
AU  - Elizalde, A.
AU  - Gualdi, S.
AU  - Jacob, D.
AU  - L’Hévéder, B.
AU  - Li, L.
AU  - Oddo, P.
AU  - Sannino, G.
AU  - Scoccimarro, E.
AU  - Sevault, F.
T2  - Climate Dynamics
DA  - 2012/10//
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s00382-011-1261-4
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 39
IS  - 7-8
SP  - 1859
EP  - 1884
SN  - 0930-7575, 1432-0894
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00382-011-1261-4
Y2  - 2013/08/31/17:22:53
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Synoptic and regional patterns of heavy precipitation in Austria
AU  - Seibert, P.
AU  - Frank, A.
AU  - Formayer, H.
T2  - Theoretical and Applied Climatology
AB  - Seven synoptic patterns responsible for heavy precipitation in Austria were identified with a trajectory clustering method. Back trajectories at different levels, at different times during each day, and from different locations in Austria were utilised together with one potential vorticity value. In addition, seven regions within Austria with similar daily precipitation were identified. The response of heavy precipitation in each of these regions to the synoptic patterns was studied. The results correspond to the synoptic experience and reflect known meteorological situations, such as southerly and northerly Stau or the Vb pattern. The analyses are based on the 15-year re-analysis of the ECMWF (1979–1993), used to calculate the back trajectories, and daily precipitation sums of 131 climate stations in Austria. This paves the way to future applications in climate change research, as the necessary input data are also available from global climate models. The clustering was performed with a promising new procedure, a combination of hierarchical and iterative (K-means) clustering.
DA  - 2007/01/01/
PY  - 2007
DO  - 10.1007/s00704-006-0198-8
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 87
IS  - 1-4
SP  - 139
EP  - 153
J2  - Theor. Appl. Climatol.
LA  - en
SN  - 0177-798X, 1434-4483
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00704-006-0198-8
Y2  - 2013/10/10/
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
KW  - Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effect of mountains on Genoa cyclogenesis
AU  - Mesinger, Fedor
AU  - Strickler, Robert F.
T2  - Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan -Ser. II
DA  - 1982///
PY  - 1982
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 60
SP  - 326
EP  - 338
SN  - 2186-9057
UR  - https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jmsj1965/60/1/60_1_326/_article
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Die Isobarentypen des Nordatlantischen Ozeans und Westeuropas, ihre Beziehung zur Lage und Bewegung der Barometrischer Maxima und Minima
AU  - van Bebber, W.J.
AU  - Köppen, W.
T2  - Archiv deutsch. Seewarte
DA  - 1895///
PY  - 1895
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
SP  - 1
EP  - 27
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Die Zugstrassen der barometrischen Minima nach den Bahnenkarten der Deutschen Seewarte für den Zeitraum 1875-1890
AU  - van Bebber, W.J.
A2  - Deutsche Meteorologische Gesellschaft
A2  - Österreichische Gesellschaft für Meteorologie (ÖGM)
A2  - Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Meteorologie (SGM)
DA  - 1891///
PY  - 1891
DP  - Amazon.com
IS  - 8
SP  - 361
EP  - 366
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Typische Witterungserscheinungen
AU  - van Bebber, W.J.
DA  - 1882///
PY  - 1882
DP  - Google Scholar
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climatological aspects of the extreme European rainfall of August 2002 and a trajectory method for estimating the associated evaporative source regions
AU  - James, P.
AU  - Stohl, A.
AU  - Spichtinger, N.
AU  - Eckhardt, S.
AU  - Forster, C.
T2  - Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
AB  - During the first half of August 2002, a sequence of extreme precipitation episodes affected many regions of central and southern Europe, culminating in one of the most severe flooding events ever experienced along sections of the river Elbe and its tributaries. In this paper, the synoptic meteorological situation during the primary flooding event, 11-13 August 2002, and its recent background is illustrated and discussed. Then, backward trajectory modelling of water vapour transport is employed to determine the sources and transport pathways of the moisture which rained out during the event. The Lagrangian trajectory model FLEXTRA is used together with high resolution operational meteorological analyses from the ECMWF to track a very large number of trajectories, initialized in a dense three-dimensional grid array over the extreme rainfall region. Specific humidity changes along each trajectory are mapped out to yield source-receptor relationships between evaporation and subsequent precipitation for the event. Regions of significant surface evaporation of moisture which later rained out were determined to be parts of the Aegean and Ligurian Seas during the initial stages of the event, while strong evaporation from eastern European land surfaces and from the Black Sea became dominant later on. The method also provides precipitation estimates based solely on specific humidity changes along Lagrangian airmass trajectories, which can be compared to ECMWF model forecast precipitation estimates.
DA  - 2004/11/18/
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.5194/nhess-4-733-2004
DP  - Copernicus Online Journals
VL  - 4
IS  - 5/6
SP  - 733
EP  - 746
J2  - Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
SN  - 1684-9981
UR  - http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/4/733/2004/
Y2  - 2014/05/09/15:29:06
L1  - http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/4/733/2004/nhess-4-733-2004.pdf
L2  - http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/4/733/2004/
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Die Beiträge der Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik zum Internationalen Hydrologischen Programm 1975-1980
AU  - Dobesch, H.
AU  - Neuwirth, F.
T2  - Zeitschrift für angewandte Meteorologie
A2  - Skoda, F.
A2  - Lauscher
CY  - Verlag der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Meteorologie
DA  - 1982///
PY  - 1982
DP  - Amazon.com
VL  - Wetter und Leben
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Übersicht über die Ergebnisse aus den hydrometeorologischen Untersuchungen im Gebiet des Neusiedler Sees im Rahmen der Internationalen Hydrologischen Dekade 1966–1974
AU  - Dobesch, H.
AU  - Neuwirth, F.
T2  - Wetter und Leben
A2  - Skoda, F.
A2  - Lauscher, F.
T3  - Zeitschrift für angewandte Meteorologie.
DA  - 1974///
PY  - 1974
DP  - Google Scholar
VL  - 26
PB  - Verlag der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Meteorologie
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate impacts on water balance of a shallow steppe lake in Eastern Austria (Lake Neusiedl)
AU  - Soja, Gerhard
AU  - Züger, Johann
AU  - Knoflacher, Markus
AU  - Kinner, Paul
AU  - Soja, Anna-Maria
T2  - Journal of Hydrology
AB  - Lake Neusiedl, the largest lake in Austria, is especially sensitive to climate variations due to its extreme shallowness and a small catchment area. Historical records indicate that large variations of the lake area have occurred naturally (0% to >150% of present) but contemporary touristic uses of the lake require a largely constant water level. This dependence increases the regional economic vulnerability. Water balance of the lake as influenced by weather conditions was studied in detail. 79% of water input was due to precipitation, whereas more than 90% of water output was caused by evapotranspiration.
Long-term observation of annual and seasonal precipitation sums, starting in 1865, revealed a slow downward trend of 15 years moving averages by 6 ± 1 mm/decade, masked by large interannual variations of the original data (s.d.: ±120 mm). Multidecadal oscillation indices (AMO, NAO, MOI) were tested against patterns of precipitation, air temperature and hydrological parameters of Lake Neusiedl. The clearest relation was observed between air temperature and North Atlantic oscillation index (p < 0.0001).
Water level and volume of Lake Neusiedl are very sensitive to precipitation changes with after effects of individual years lasting up to 2 years. Summer precipitation is more important for lake water amount than the other seasons.
The major surface water input to Lake Neusiedl is coming from River Wulka. Its annual discharge (15 years moving averages) showed a variable, moderately decreasing trend for the period 1961–2010 by −1.2 ± 0.6 × 106 m3/decade. Waste water treatment plants contributed up to 68% of monthly flow of River Wulka into the lake. Precipitation of the current and the previous year, and in some months also temperature influenced Wulka’s flow significantly.
Evaporative losses from the lake and its reed belt were shown to increase over the last 33 years (+48 ± 11 mm/decade); as main drivers decreasing relative air humidity and increasing water temperature were identified.
Based on the outputs of a regional climate model scenario and seasonal regression models, water balance projections for the period 2035–2065 showed a significant risk of hydrological deficits, leading to lower water levels than at present.
DA  - 2013/02/14/
PY  - 2013
DO  - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.12.013
DP  - ScienceDirect
VL  - 480
SP  - 115
EP  - 124
J2  - Journal of Hydrology
SN  - 0022-1694
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169412010736
Y2  - 2014/05/09/15:07:31
L2  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169412010736
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Evapotranspiration
KW  - Lake Neusiedl
KW  - Water balance
KW  - Water level
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Global energy perspectives and the role of technology
AU  - Nakicenovic, N.
T2  - e&i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik
AB  - The provision of affordable and environmentally sound energy services is a prerequisite for further social and economic development in the world. This is a formidable challenge considering that two billion people today are still without access to adequate energy services in the world. This additional need for energy services is going to be voracious and will not be satisfied with the current structure of energy system, with current technologies and certainly not with the current adverse impacts associated with energy, from indoor air pollution and regional acidification to climate change.
DA  - 2003/11/01/
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1007/BF03054921
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 120
IS  - 11
SP  - 377
EP  - 381
J2  - Elektrotech. Inftech.
LA  - en
SN  - 0932-383X, 1613-7620
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03054921
Y2  - 2014/05/09/14:58:30
L1  - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF03054921.pdf
L2  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF03054921
KW  - Computer Hardware
KW  - Electrical Engineering
KW  - Energiebedarf
KW  - Energiebereitstellung
KW  - Energiesystem
KW  - energy requirement
KW  - energy services
KW  - energy systems
KW  - Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Bevölkerungsprognosen. Ergebnisse der Bevölkerungsprognose 2012. Vorausberechnete Bevölkerungsstruktur für Wien 2011-2075 laut Hauptszenario; Erstellt am 14. September 2012.
AU  - Statistik Austria
T2  - Statistik Austria
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/bevoelkerung/demographische_prognosen/bevoelkerungsprognosen/index.html
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Integration of spectral and spatial classification methods for building a land-use model of Austria
AU  - Steinnocher, Klaus
T2  - XVIIIth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission IV
A2  - Kraus, Karl
A2  - Waldhäusl, Peter
C1  - Vienna, Austria
C3  - XVIIIth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission IV: Mapping and Geographic Information Systems
DA  - 1996/07/09/
PY  - 1996
VL  - XXXI Part B4
SP  - 841
EP  - 846
PB  - International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
UR  - http://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXI/congress/part4/
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Modelling Micro-climate Characteristics for Urban Planning and Building Design
AU  - Loibl, Wolfgang
AU  - Tötzer, Tanja
AU  - Köstl, Mario
AU  - Züger, Hans
AU  - Knoflacher, Markus
T2  - 9th IFIP WG 5.11 International Symposium on Environmental Software Systems: Frameworks of eEnvironment, ISESS 2011; Brno; Czech Republic; 27 June 2011 through 29 June 2011
A2  - Hřebíček, Jiří
A2  - Schimak, Gerald
A2  - Denzer, Ralf
C1  - Berlin, Heidelberg
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1007/978-3-642-22285-6_65
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 359
SP  - 605
EP  - 617
PB  - Springer Berlin Heidelberg
SN  - 978-3-642-22284-9 978-3-642-22285-6
UR  - http://pisces.boku.ac.at/han/scopus/www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-79960770517&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=Modelling+Micro-climate+Characteristics+for+Urban+Planning+and+Building+Design&sid=9EDFC3D1C940678B8744FBCBFA0B5F9A.y7ESLndDIsN8cE7qwvy6w%3a130&sot=q&sdt=b&sl=98&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Modelling+Micro-climate+Characteristics+for+Urban+Planning+and+Building+Design%29&relpos=0&relpos=0&citeCnt=0&searchTerm=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Modelling+Micro-climate+Characteristics+for+Urban+Planning+and+Building+Design%29
Y2  - 2013/08/31/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf Wien unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Klimaszenarien
AU  - Kromp-Kolb, Helga
AU  - Formayer, Herbert
AU  - Clementschitsch, Lukas
DA  - 2007///
PY  - 2007
M3  - Im Auftrag der Magistratsdirektion der Stadt Wien - Klimaschutzkoordination
PB  - Institut für Meteorologie Universität für Bodenkultur
UR  - http://www.wien.gv.at/umwelt/klimaschutz/pdf/klimawandel.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate Simulation with CLM, Scenario A1B run no.2, Data Stream 3: European region MPI-M/MaD
AU  - Lautenschlager, Michael
AU  - Keuler, Klaus
AU  - Wunram, Claudia
AU  - Keup-Thiel, Elke
AU  - Schubert, Martina
AU  - Will, Andreas
AU  - Rockel, Burkhardt
AU  - Boehm, Uwe
T2  - WDCC at DKRZ
A2  - World Data Center for Climate
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1594/WDCC/CLM_A1B_2_D3
UR  - http://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/Compact.jsp?acronym=CLM_A1B_2_D3
N1  - <p>ergänzung Doi sonst zuordnung nicht</p>
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Analyse von Vulnerabilität und  Anpassungsmaßnahmen an den Klimawandel im Biosphärenpark Wienerwald
AU  - Schörghuber, Stefan
AU  - Rammer, Werner
AU  - Lexer, Manfred J.
CY  - Wien, Austria
DA  - 2012/05//
PY  - 2012
M3  - Endbericht vonStartClim2009.C in StartClim2009: Anpassung an den Klimawandel: Beiträge zur Erstellung einer  Anpassungsstrategie für Österreich, Auftraggeber: BMLFUW, BMWF, BMWFJ, ÖBF
PB  - Universität für Bodenkultur, Department für Wasser - Atmosphäre - Umwelt
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/fileadmin/user_upload/reports/StCl08A.pdf
Y2  - 2013/01/12/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Möglichkeiten statistischer Downscalingverfahren zur Ableitung von Extremereignissen in Österreich aus GCM-Feldern (Endbericht StartClim.5,  November 2003)
AU  - Formayer, H.
AU  - Matulla, C.
AU  - Haas, P.
AU  - Groll, N.
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Google Scholar
M3  - BOKU-Met Report
SN  - 3
UR  - http://www.boku.ac.at/met/report/
DB  - ISSN 1994-4179 (Print), ISSN 1994-4187 (Online)
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Boundary Layer Climates
AU  - Oke, T. R.
DA  - 1987///
PY  - 1987
DP  - Amazon.com
PB  - Routledge
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Aerosol and cloud effects on solar brightening and the recent rapid warming
AU  - Ruckstuhl, Christian
AU  - Philipona, Rolf
AU  - Behrens, Klaus
AU  - Collaud Coen, Martine
AU  - Dürr, Bruno
AU  - Heimo, Alain
AU  - Mätzler, Christian
AU  - Nyeki, Stephan
AU  - Ohmura, Atsumu
AU  - Vuilleumier, Laurent
AU  - Weller, Michael
AU  - Wehrli, Christoph
AU  - Zelenka, Antoine
T2  - Geophysical Research Letters
AB  - The rapid temperature increase of 1°C over mainland Europe since 1980 is considerably larger than the temperature rise expected from anthropogenic greenhouse gas increases. Here we present aerosol optical depth measurements from six specific locations and surface irradiance measurements from a large number of radiation sites in Northern Germany and Switzerland. The measurements show a decline in aerosol concentration of up to 60%, which have led to a statistically significant increase of solar irradiance under cloud-free skies since the 1980s. The measurements confirm solar brightening and show that the direct aerosol effect had an approximately five times larger impact on climate forcing than the indirect aerosol and other cloud effects. The overall aerosol and cloud induced surface climate forcing is ∼+1 W m−2 dec−1 and has most probably strongly contributed to the recent rapid warming in Europe.
DA  - 2008/06/01/
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.1029/2008GL034228
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 35
IS  - 12
SP  - L12708
J2  - Geophys. Res. Lett.
LA  - en
SN  - 1944-8007
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008GL034228/abstract
Y2  - 2014/05/07/19:31:32
L1  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1029/2008GL034228/asset/grl24697.pdf?v=1&t=hux0v14m&s=6bd9446c54aaaa0bf18c4c3515ce1ef93b2a2ec9
L2  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2008GL034228/abstract
KW  - 0321 Cloud/radiation interaction
KW  - 0360 Radiation: transmission and scattering
KW  - 1616 Climate variability
KW  - 1630 Impacts of global change
KW  - 3311 Clouds and aerosols
KW  - solar brightening
KW  - surface radiative
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - 20th century increase of boundary layer turbidity derived from alpine sunshine and cloudiness series
AU  - Auer, I.
AU  - Böhm, R.
AU  - Schöner, W.
AU  - Hagen, M.
C1  - Flagstaff, Arizona
C3  - Preprints of the 8th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
SP  - 77
EP  - 80
PB  - American Meteorological Society, Boston
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Long alpine barometric time series in different altitudes as a measure for 19th/20th century warming
AU  - Böhm, R.
AU  - Auer, I.
AU  - Schöner, W.
AU  - Hagen, M.
C1  - Flagstaff, Arizona
C3  - Preprints of the 8th Conference on Mountain Meteorology
DA  - 1998///
PY  - 1998
SP  - 72
EP  - 76
PB  - American Meteorological Society, Boston
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Report of the World Commission on environment and development: Our Common Future
AU  - Brundtland, Gro Harlem
DA  - 1987///
PY  - 1987
DP  - Google Scholar
PB  - United Nations
ST  - Report of the World Commission on environment and development
ER  - 

TY  - MPCT
TI  - The Day After Tomorrow
AU  - Emmerich, Roland
A4  - Quaid, Dennis
A4  - Gyllenhaal, Jake
A4  - Rossum, Emmy
A4  - Mihok, Dash
AB  - Jack Hall, paleoclimatologist, must make a daring trek across America to reach his son, trapped in the cross-hairs of a sudden international storm which plunges the planet into a new Ice Age.
C4  - Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi
DA  - 2004/05/28/
PY  - 2004
DP  - IMDb
SP  - 124 min
L4  - http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/M/MV5BMTU1NTA3NzMwOV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwNzEzMTEzMw@@._V1_SX300.jpg
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Climate Simulation with CLM, Climate of the 20th Century run no.3, Data Stream 3: European region MPI-M/MaD
AU  - Lautenschlager, Michael
AU  - Keuler, Klaus
AU  - Wunram, Claudia
AU  - Keup-Thiel, Elke
AU  - Schubert, Martina
AU  - Will, Andreas
AU  - Rockel, Burkhardt
AU  - Boehm, Uwe
T2  - WDCC at DKRZ
A2  - World Data Center for Climate
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1594/WDCC/CLM_C20_3_D3
UR  - http://cera-www.dkrz.de/WDCC/ui/Compact.jsp?acronym=CLM_C20_3_D3
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Climate Change – Impacts on hydrology and regional development. Scientific Study on the Im-pacts of the Decreasing Water Level of Lake Neusiedl, Austria.
AU  - Schönerklee, M.
AU  - Kinner, P.
AU  - Heiß, G.
AU  - Soja, G.
AU  - Kleissner, A.
AU  - Schindler, J.
AU  - Treitler, R.
T2  - Klimaforschungsinitiative AustroClim: 9. Österreichischer Klimatag „Klima, Klimawandel und Auswirkungen“
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - 40 Jahre Österreichisch-Ungarische Gewässerkommission. 1956 - 1996; zum Wohle der wasserwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung des Grenzraumes am Beispiel des Neusiedler Sees
AU  - Österreichisch-Ungarische Gewässerkommission
CY  - Wien
DA  - 1996///
PY  - 1996
SP  - 70
M3  - Jubiläumsschrift
PB  - Österreichisch-Ungarische Gewässerkommission, Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Logik der Forschung
AU  - Popper, Karl
A3  - Keuth, Herbert
CY  - Tübingen
DA  - 1955///
PY  - 1955
DP  - Open WorldCat
ET  - [Springer, Wien 1935], 11. Aufl. 2005,
SP  - 601
LA  - German
PB  - Mohr Siebeck
SN  - 3-16-146234-3
UR  - http://www.philoscience.unibe.ch/documents/kursarchiv/WS06/ldf_1_2.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Tipping elements in the Earth System
AU  - Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DA  - 2009/08/12/
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.0911106106
DP  - www.pnas.org
VL  - 106
IS  - 49
SP  - 20561
EP  - 20563
LA  - en
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/106/49/20561
Y2  - 2014/05/14/16:05:10
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19995979
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Development of new methods to assess heavy precipitation in the Alps. ACQWA
AU  - Awan, N. K.
AU  - Formayer, Herbert
DA  - 2012///
PY  - 2012
SN  - Annual Progress Report
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - On the synoptics and dynamics of orographically induced cyclones in the Mediterranean
AU  - Pichler, H.
AU  - Steinacker, R.
T2  - Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics
AB  - In the first part of the present paper all cases of orographically induced cyclogeneses in the Western Mediterranean (40 cases) during the whole 13 months of the ALPEX Observing Period (AOP: 1 September 1981–30 September 1982) are investigated statistically to find similarities between them. It can be shown that essentially there exist two different types of such cyclogeneses: the “Vorderseiten”-type (southwesterly upper-level flow) and the “Überströmungs”-type (northwesterly upper-level flow). Both types are accompanied by low level blocking of cold air by the Alps. The second part of the paper is concerned with the understanding of the explosive development of an orographically induced cyclone in the Western Mediterranean by means of vorticity dynamics on isentropic surfaces. Budget equations for the shear and curvature vorticity allow us to find out the reasons for the increase of curvature vorticity, locally as well as individually. Such growth rates are caused by corresponding convergences and by transformation from shear into curvature vorticity, respectively. Case studies of some ALPEX-SOP cyclogeneses illustrate the vorticity-dynamical considerations.
DA  - 1987/03/01/
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.1007/BF01045144
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 36
IS  - 1-4
SP  - 108
EP  - 117
LA  - en
SN  - 0177-7971, 1436-5065
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01045144
Y2  - 2013/08/31/
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
KW  - Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
KW  - Math. Appl. in Environmental Science
KW  - Terrestrial Pollution
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Ereignisdokumentation Hochwasser August 2002, Plattform Hochwasser
AU  - Habersack, H.
AU  - Moser, A.
A2  - ZENAR
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2003///
PY  - 2003
SP  - 184
PB  - ZENAR, Universität für Bodenkultur, Bundesministerium für Land und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft
SN  - 1
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Hochwasser 2005-Ereignisdokumentation der Bundeswasserbauverwaltung, des Forsttechnischen Dienstes für Wildbach-und Lawinenverbauung und des Hydrographischen Dienstes
AU  - Habersack, H.
AU  - Krapesch, G.
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
M3  - Synthesebericht
PB  - Bundesministerium für Land-und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft
UR  - www.zar.at/filemanager/download/18166/
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Ökodynamishe Rehabilitierung des Neusiedler See. Dotation Neusiedler See unter Berücksichtigung von Klimaänderungen.
AU  - Kubu, G.
DA  - 2006///
PY  - 2006
M3  - Im Auftrag des Amtes der Burgenländischen Landesregierung Landeswasserbaubezirksamt Schützen am Gebirge
ER  - 

TY  - MAP
TI  - Erste Landesaufnahme. 1773-1781. Kriegs-Charte des Erzherzogtums Oesterreich unter der Enns
AU  - ÖSTA
C1  - 1:28.800
CN  - B IX a 242
CY  - Wien
M3  - Kolorierte Handzeichnung, 122 Sectionen à 71,5 x 47 cm, Sectionen 59,60,61,70,71,72,81,82,83: Theil deren Vierteln unter Wiener Wald, und unter Manhartsberg
PB  - Österreichisches Staatsarchiv/Kriegsarchiv
UR  - http://www.onb.ac.at/sammlungen/karten/kartenzimelien/42.htm
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - SISSI: Simulationen von Städtischen Klimaszenarien
AU  - Zuvela-Aloise, M.
DA  - 2011///
PY  - 2011
SP  - 43
M3  - Projektbericht
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Estimation of Climate-Change Impacts on the Urban Heat Load Using an Urban Climate Model and Regional Climate Projections
AU  - Früh, Barbara
AU  - Becker, Paul
AU  - Deutschländer, Thomas
AU  - Hessel, Johann-Dirk
AU  - Kossmann, Meinolf
AU  - Mieskes, Ingrid
AU  - Namyslo, Joachim
AU  - Roos, Marita
AU  - Sievers, Uwe
AU  - Steigerwald, Thomas
AU  - Turau, Heidelore
AU  - Wienert, Uwe
T2  - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
DA  - 2011a
PY  - 2011a
DO  - 10.1175/2010JAMC2377.1
DP  - CrossRef
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
SP  - 167
EP  - 184
SN  - 1558-8424, 1558-8432
UR  - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/2010JAMC2377.1
Y2  - 2013/10/09/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Frankfurt am Main im Klimawandel - eine Untersuchung zur städtischen Wärmebelastung
AU  - Früh, Barbara
AU  - Roos, Marita
AU  - Koßmann, Meinolf
T2  - Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes
AB  - Innerhalb einer Stadt bildet sich durch die dichte Bebauung und den erhöhten Energieumsatz gegenüber dem Umland ein davon deutlich abweichendes "Stadtklima" aus. Dieses ist beispielsweise durch eine höhere Temperatur in der Stadt gekennzeichnet, welche zur Ausbildung der sogenannten städtischen Wärmeinsel führt. Zudem lassen regionale Klimamodelle für die nächsten Jahrzehnte Klimaänderungen erwarten, die sich in den städtischen Ballungsräumen durch die Überlagerung mit der städtischen Wärmeinsel deutlich belastender auswirken als im Umland. Dies ist für die Menschen von elementarem Interesse, da bereits heute mehr als die Hälfte der Weltbevölkerung in Städten lebt. Der Klimawandel findet bereits statt: 60-jährige Messungen des Deutschen Wetterdienstes am Flughafen Frankfurt/Main belegen einen signifikanten Anstieg des Jahresmittels der Lufttemperatur von 0,35 ʻC pro Dekade. Die Anzahl der mittleren jährlichen Sommertage, das sind Tage an denen die Lufttemperatur 25 ʻC erreicht oder überschreitet, weist ebenfalls einen signifikanten Trend von 4,3 Tagen pro Dekade auf. Wenn dieser beobachtete Trend unverändert weiterginge, so wären für die Klimaperiode 2021 - 2050 durchschnittlich etwa 21 Sommertage pro Jahr mehr als in der Klimaperiode 1971 - 2000 zu erwarten. Eine zuverlässige Abschätzung muss jedoch die erwartete Änderung klimarelevanter Spurenstoffe berücksichtigen und daher auf den verfügbaren globalen und regionalen Klimaprojektionen basieren. Ziel der Untersuchung war es deshalb, auf der Basis von Projektionen regionaler Klimamodelle die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels für detaillierte Stadtstrukturen aufzuzeigen. Mit Hilfe eines Stadtklimamodells und der am Beispiel Frankfurt/Main entwickelten sogenannten Quadermethode (Früh et al., 2011) konnte erstmals sowohl die vergangene als auch die zukünftige Wärmebelastung für Frankfurt am Main unter Berücksichtigung der vielfältigen Bebauungsstrukturen und sonstiger Flächennutzungen simuliert werden. Auch die klimatischen Auswirkungen der größeren Planungsvorhaben der Stadt wurden in diesem Zusammenhang untersucht. ...
CY  - Offenbach am Main
DA  - 2011b
PY  - 2011b
DP  - Open WorldCat
SP  - 69
LA  - German
PB  - Selbstverl. des Dt. Wetterdienstes
SN  - 978-3-88148-453-4
UR  - http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2011/9887/
Y2  - 2013/08/31/18:45:22
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Dynamical modelling of urban climate of Vienna
AU  - Zuvela-Aloise, M.
AU  - Nemec, J.
AU  - Früh, B.
T2  - 8th International conference on Urban Climate and 10th Symposium on the Urban Environment (ICUC8)
C1  - Dublin, Ireland
DA  - 2012/08//6th -10th
PY  - 2012
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Rio - Erklärung über Umwelt und Entwicklung
AU  - UNCED
C3  - Report of the United Nations conference on environment and development, Rio de Janeiro
DA  - 1992///
PY  - 1992
UR  - http://www.un.org/depts/german/conf/agenda21/rio.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - What's the Worst That Could Happen?: A Rational Response to the Climate Change Debate
AU  - Craven, Greg
AB  - 7.2 million YouTube viewers can't be wrong: A provocative new way to look at the global warming   debate.Based on a series of viral videos that have garnered more than 7.2 million views, this visually   appealing book gives readers-be they global warming activists, soccer moms, or NASCAR dads-a way to decide on   the best course of action, by asking them to consider, "What's the worst that could happen?" And for those   who decide that action is needed, Craven provides a solution that is not only powerful but also happens to be   stunningly easy. Not just another "change your light bulb" book, this intriguing and provocative guide is the first to   help readers make sense-for themselves-of the contradictory statements about global climate change.   The globe is warming! or The globe is not warming. We're the ones doing it! or It's a natural   cycle. It's gonna be a catastrophe! or It'll be harmless. This is the biggest threat to   humankind! or This is the biggest hoax in history.    Watch a Video
CY  - New York
DA  - 2009/07/07/
PY  - 2009
DP  - Amazon.com
ET  - Original edition
SP  - 264
LA  - English
PB  - Perigee Trade
SN  - 978-0-399-53501-7
ST  - What's the Worst That Could Happen?
UR  - http://www.amazon.com/Whats-Worst-That-Could-Happen/dp/0399535012
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - State of the planet declaration. New knowledge towards solutions
AU  - Planet under Pressure
C1  - London. http://www.planetunderpressure2012.net/pdf/state_of_planet_declaration.pdf
DA  - 2012/03/26/29
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://www.planetunderpressure2012.net/pdf/state_of_planet_declaration.pdf
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Das Prinzip Verantwortung: Versuch einer Ethik für die technologische Zivilisation
AU  - Jonas, Hans
CY  - Frankfurt am Main
DA  - 1979///
PY  - 1979
DP  - Amazon.com
ET  - 1. Auflage
SP  - 423
LA  - German
PB  - Insel-Verlag
SN  - 978-3-458-04907-4
ST  - Das Prinzip Verantwortung
L2  - http://www.amazon.com/Das-Prinzip-Verantwortung-technolog-Zivilisation/dp/345804907X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1399488487&sr=1-1&keywords=Das+Prinzip+Verantwortung.
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Technische Eingriffe in die Natur als Problem der politischen Ethik
AU  - Spämann, Robert
T2  - Scheidewege
A2  - Max Himmelheber-Stiftung
DA  - 1979///
PY  - 1979
VL  - 9/4
SP  - 476
EP  - 497
UR  - http://www.scheidewege.de/archiv_vergriffen/inhalt09_1979.htm
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sustainable Growth – an Impossible Theorem
AU  - Daly, Herman.E.
T2  - Development
T3  - Journal of the Society for International Development
DA  - 1990///
PY  - 1990
SP  - 45
EP  - 47
UR  - http://dieoff.org/page37.htm
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Merchants of doubt: how a handful of scientists obscured the truth on issues from tobacco smoke to global warming
AU  - Oreskes, Naomi
AU  - Conway, Erik M. M.
CN  - Q147 .O74 2010
CY  - New York
DA  - 2010///
PY  - 2010
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
ET  - 1st U.S. ed
SP  - 355
PB  - Bloomsbury Press
SN  - 978-1-59691-610-4
ST  - Merchants of doubt
KW  - science news
KW  - Democracy and science
KW  - Moral and ethical aspects
KW  - Professional ethics
KW  - Scientists
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Why we disagree about climate change: understanding controversy, inaction and opportunity
AU  - Hulme, Mike
CN  - QC981.8.C5 H825 2009
CY  - Cambridge, UK; New York
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Library of Congress ISBN
SP  - 392
PB  - Cambridge University Press
SN  - 978-0-521-89869-0
ST  - Why we disagree about climate change
UR  - http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/economics/natural-resource-and-environmental-economics/why-we-disagree-about-climate-change-understanding-controversy-inaction-and-opportunity?format=HB
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Environmental policy
KW  - Government policy
ER  - 

TY  - ELEC
TI  - Warum ich nicht an die Klimakatastrophe glaube
AU  - Horx, Matthias
T2  - Welt Online
AB  - Trend- und Zukunftsforscher Matthias Horx schreibt über den Zusammenhang von Religion und Klimakatastrophe und seinen Glauben an die Adaptionsfähigkeit des Menschen. WELT ONLINE veröffentlicht seine
DA  - 2007/03/13/
PY  - 2007
UR  - http://www.welt.de/politik/article759237/Warum-ich-nicht-an-die-Klimakatastrophe-glaube.html
Y2  - 2013/08/31/19:36:23
KW  - Gesellschaft,Waldsterben,Horx Matthias,Gesellschaft,Waldsterben [ks],Horx
KW  - Matthias
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Turn down the heat: Why a 4° warmer world must be avoided
AU  - PIK
T2  - World Bank Publications
DA  - 2012/11//
PY  - 2012
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 106
M3  - A Report for the World Bank by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Climate Analytics
PB  - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
ST  - Turn Down the Heat
UR  - http://climatechange.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/Turn_Down_the_heat_Why_a_4_degree_centrigrade_warmer_world_must_be_avoided.pdf
Y2  - 2013/11/18/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change: Anticipating Surprises
AU  - National Research Council
AB  - Climate is changing, forced out of the range of the past million years by levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not seen in the Earth's atmosphere for a very, very long time. Lacking action by the world's nations, it is clear that the planet will be warmer, sea level will rise, and patterns of rainfall will change. But the future is also partly uncertain -- there is considerable uncertainty about how we will arrive at that different climate. Will the changes be gradual, allowing natural systems and societal infrastructure to adjust in a timely fashion? Or will some ...
CY  - Washington, DC
DA  - 2013///
PY  - 2013
DP  - www.nap.edu
PB  - The National Academies Press
ST  - Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change
UR  - http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18373
Y2  - 2014/05/12/12:30:33
L2  - http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18373
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - El Niño/Southern Oscillation response to global warming
AU  - Latif, M.
AU  - Keenlyside, N. S.
T2  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
AB  - The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, originating in the Tropical Pacific, is the strongest natural interannual climate signal and has widespread effects on the global climate system and the ecology of the Tropical Pacific. Any strong change in ENSO statistics will therefore have serious climatic and ecological consequences. Most global climate models do simulate ENSO, although large biases exist with respect to its characteristics. The ENSO response to global warming differs strongly from model to model and is thus highly uncertain. Some models simulate an increase in ENSO amplitude, others a decrease, and others virtually no change. Extremely strong changes constituting tipping point behavior are not simulated by any of the models. Nevertheless, some interesting changes in ENSO dynamics can be inferred from observations and model integrations. Although no tipping point behavior is envisaged in the physical climate system, smooth transitions in it may give rise to tipping point behavior in the biological, chemical, and even socioeconomic systems. For example, the simulated weakening of the Pacific zonal sea surface temperature gradient in the Hadley Centre model (with dynamic vegetation included) caused rapid Amazon forest die-back in the mid-twenty-first century, which in turn drove a nonlinear increase in atmospheric CO2, accelerating global warming.
DA  - 2009/08/12/
PY  - 2009
DO  - 10.1073/pnas.0710860105
DP  - www.pnas.org
VL  - 106
IS  - 49
SP  - 20578
EP  - 20583
J2  - PNAS
LA  - en
SN  - 0027-8424, 1091-6490
UR  - http://www.pnas.org/content/106/49/20578
Y2  - 2014/05/12/12:28:38
L1  - http://www.pnas.org/content/106/49/20578.full.pdf
L2  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19060210
L2  - http://www.pnas.org/content/106/49/20578.full
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recovery mechanisms of Arctic summer sea ice
AU  - Tietsche, S.
AU  - Notz, D.
AU  - Jungclaus, J. H.
AU  - Marotzke, J.
T2  - Geophysical Research Letters
AB  - We examine the recovery of Arctic sea ice from prescribed ice-free summer conditions in simulations of 21st century climate in an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model. We find that ice extent recovers typically within two years. The excess oceanic heat that had built up during the ice-free summer is rapidly returned to the atmosphere during the following autumn and winter, and then leaves the Arctic partly through increased longwave emission at the top of the atmosphere and partly through reduced atmospheric heat advection from lower latitudes. Oceanic heat transport does not contribute significantly to the loss of the excess heat. Our results suggest that anomalous loss of Arctic sea ice during a single summer is reversible, as the ice–albedo feedback is alleviated by large-scale recovery mechanisms. Hence, hysteretic threshold behavior (or a “tipping point”) is unlikely to occur during the decline of Arctic summer sea-ice cover in the 21st century.
DA  - 2011/01/01/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1029/2010GL045698
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
SP  - L02707
J2  - Geophys. Res. Lett.
LA  - en
SN  - 1944-8007
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010GL045698/abstract
Y2  - 2014/05/12/12:23:59
L1  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1029/2010GL045698/asset/grl27655.pdf?v=1&t=hv3qsgov&s=bf5be062373be5a96f65c2d392061d6da34364b6
L2  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010GL045698/abstract
KW  - 0750 Sea ice
KW  - 0764 Energy balance
KW  - 1605 Abrupt/rapid climate change
KW  - 3339 Ocean/atmosphere interactions
KW  - 4572 Upper ocean and mixed layer processes
KW  - Arctic energy budget
KW  - ice-albedo feedback
KW  - sea ice
KW  - tipping point
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The reversibility of sea ice loss in a state-of-the-art climate model
AU  - Armour, K. C.
AU  - Eisenman, I.
AU  - Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, E.
AU  - McCusker, K. E.
AU  - Bitz, C. M.
T2  - Geophysical Research Letters
AB  - Rapid Arctic sea ice retreat has fueled speculation about the possibility of threshold (or ‘tipping point’) behavior and irreversible loss of the sea ice cover. We test sea ice reversibility within a state-of-the-art atmosphere–ocean global climate model by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide until the Arctic Ocean becomes ice-free throughout the year and subsequently decreasing it until the initial ice cover returns. Evidence for irreversibility in the form of hysteresis outside the envelope of natural variability is explored for the loss of summer and winter ice in both hemispheres. We find no evidence of irreversibility or multiple ice-cover states over the full range of simulated sea ice conditions between the modern climate and that with an annually ice-free Arctic Ocean. Summer sea ice area recovers as hemispheric temperature cools along a trajectory that is indistinguishable from the trajectory of summer sea ice loss, while the recovery of winter ice area appears to be slowed due to the long response times of the ocean near the modern winter ice edge. The results are discussed in the context of previous studies that assess the plausibility of sea ice tipping points by other methods. The findings serve as evidence against the existence of threshold behavior in the summer or winter ice cover in either hemisphere.
DA  - 2011/08/01/
PY  - 2011
DO  - 10.1029/2011GL048739
DP  - Wiley Online Library
VL  - 38
IS  - 16
SP  - L16705
J2  - Geophys. Res. Lett.
LA  - en
SN  - 1944-8007
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2011GL048739/abstract
Y2  - 2014/05/12/12:23:10
L1  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1029/2011GL048739/asset/grl28444.pdf?v=1&t=hv3qre9v&s=77e6ec142de87d68c06d8c9bd714ad49e421d737
L2  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2011GL048739/abstract
KW  - 0750 Sea ice
KW  - 1605 Abrupt/rapid climate change
KW  - sea ice
KW  - tipping point
KW  - 1621 Cryospheric change
KW  - 1626 Global climate models
KW  - reversibility
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Arctic Ice Cover, Ice Thickness and Tipping Points
AU  - Wadhams, Peter
T2  - AMBIO
AB  - We summarize the latest results on the rapid changes that are occurring to Arctic sea ice thickness and extent, the reasons for them, and the methods being used to monitor the changing ice thickness. Arctic sea ice extent had been shrinking at a relatively modest rate of 3–4% per decade (annually averaged) but after 1996 this speeded up to 10% per decade and in summer 2007 there was a massive collapse of ice extent to a new record minimum of only 4.1 million km2. Thickness has been falling at a more rapid rate (43% in the 25 years from the early 1970s to late 1990s) with a specially rapid loss of mass from pressure ridges. The summer 2007 event may have arisen from an interaction between the long-term retreat and more rapid thinning rates. We review thickness monitoring techniques that show the greatest promise on different spatial and temporal scales, and for different purposes. We show results from some recent work from submarines, and speculate that the trends towards retreat and thinning will inevitably lead to an eventual loss of all ice in summer, which can be described as a ‘tipping point’ in that the former situation, of an Arctic covered with mainly multi-year ice, cannot be retrieved.
DA  - 2012/02/01/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s13280-011-0222-9
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
SP  - 23
EP  - 33
J2  - AMBIO
LA  - en
SN  - 0044-7447, 1654-7209
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13280-011-0222-9
Y2  - 2014/05/12/12:21:40
L1  - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13280-011-0222-9.pdf
L2  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13280-011-0222-9
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
KW  - Environmental Management
KW  - Physical Geography
KW  - Environment, general
KW  - Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
KW  - Ice cover
KW  - Ice loss
KW  - Ice thickness
KW  - Multi-year ice
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Arctic Climate Tipping Points
AU  - Lenton, Timothy M.
T2  - AMBIO
AB  - There is widespread concern that anthropogenic global warming will trigger Arctic climate tipping points. The Arctic has a long history of natural, abrupt climate changes, which together with current observations and model projections, can help us to identify which parts of the Arctic climate system might pass future tipping points. Here the climate tipping points are defined, noting that not all of them involve bifurcations leading to irreversible change. Past abrupt climate changes in the Arctic are briefly reviewed. Then, the current behaviour of a range of Arctic systems is summarised. Looking ahead, a range of potential tipping phenomena are described. This leads to a revised and expanded list of potential Arctic climate tipping elements, whose likelihood is assessed, in terms of how much warming will be required to tip them. Finally, the available responses are considered, especially the prospects for avoiding Arctic climate tipping points.
DA  - 2012/02/01/
PY  - 2012
DO  - 10.1007/s13280-011-0221-x
DP  - link.springer.com
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
SP  - 10
EP  - 22
J2  - AMBIO
LA  - en
SN  - 0044-7447, 1654-7209
UR  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13280-011-0221-x
Y2  - 2014/05/12/12:17:43
L1  - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13280-011-0221-x.pdf
L2  - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13280-011-0221-x
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Meteorology/Climatology
KW  - Environmental Management
KW  - Physical Geography
KW  - Environment, general
KW  - Arctic
KW  - Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
KW  - Atlantic thermohaline circulation
KW  - Boreal forest
KW  - Greenland ice sheet
KW  - Sea-ice
KW  - Tipping points
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Storms of My Grandchildren: The Truth About the Coming Climate Catastrophe and Our Last Chance to Save Humanity
AU  - Hansen, James
AB  - In his Q&A with Bill McKibben featured in the paperback edition of Storms of My Grandchildren, Dr. James Hansen, the world's leading climatologist, shows that exactly contrary to the impression the public has received, the science of climate change has become even clearer and sharper since the hardcover was released. In Storms of My Grandchildren, Hansen speaks out for the first time with the full truth about global warming: The planet is hurtling even more rapidly than previously acknowledged to a climatic point of no return. In explaining the science of climate change, Hansen paints a devastating but all-too-realistic picture of what will happen in our children's and grandchildren's lifetimes if we follow the course we're on. But he is also an optimist, showing that there is still time to take the urgent, strong action that is needed- just barely.Praise for James Hansen and Storms of MyGrandchildren: "James Hansen gives us the opportunity to watch a scientist who is sick of silence and compromise …offer up the fruits of four-plus decades of inquiry and ingenuity just in case he might change the course of history."-Los Angeles Times "Dr. James Hansen is Paul Revere to the foreboding tyranny of climate chaos-a modern-day hero who has braved criticism and censure and put his career and fortune at stake to issue the call to arms against the apocalyptic forces of ignorance and greed."-Robert F. Kennedy Jr. "When the history of the climate crisis is written, Hansen will be seen as the scientist with the most powerful and consistent voice calling for intelligent action to preserve our planet's environment."-Al Gore, Time magazine
DA  - 2009///
PY  - 2009
DP  - Amazon.com
SP  - 304
LA  - English
PB  - Bloomsbury London - Berlin - New York
SN  - 978-1-4088-0745-3
ST  - Storms of My Grandchildren
L2  - http://www.amazon.com/Storms-My-Grandchildren-Catastrophe-Humanity/dp/1608195023/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1399896556&sr=1-1&keywords=storms+of+my+grandchildren
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Target atmospheric CO2: Where should humanity aim?
AU  - Hansen, J.
AU  - Sato, M.
AU  - Kharecha, P.
AU  - Beerling, D.
AU  - Berner, R.
AU  - Masson-Delmotte, V.
AU  - Pagani, M.
AU  - Raymo, M.
AU  - Royer, D. L.
AU  - Zachos, J. C.
T2  - The Open Atmospheric Science Journal
AB  - Paleoclimate data show that climate sensitivity is ~3 deg-C for doubled CO2, including only fast feedback processes. Equilibrium sensitivity, including slower surface albedo feedbacks, is ~6 deg-C for doubled CO2 for the range of climate states between glacial conditions and ice-free Antarctica. Decreasing CO2 was the main cause of a cooling trend that began 50 million years ago, large scale glaciation occurring when CO2 fell to 450 +/- 100 ppm, a level that will be exceeded within decades, barring prompt policy changes. If humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed and to which life on Earth is adapted, paleoclimate evidence and ongoing climate change suggest that CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm to at most 350 ppm. The largest uncertainty in the target arises from possible changes of non-CO2 forcings. An initial 350 ppm CO2 target may be achievable by phasing out coal use except where CO2 is captured and adopting agricultural and forestry practices that sequester carbon. If the present overshoot of this target CO2 is not brief, there is a possibility of seeding irreversible catastrophic effects.
DA  - 2008/11/05/
PY  - 2008
DO  - 10.2174/1874282300802010217
DP  - arXiv.org
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
SP  - 217
EP  - 231
SN  - 18742823
ST  - Target atmospheric CO2
UR  - http://arxiv.org/abs/0804.1126
Y2  - 2014/05/12/12:06:48
L1  - http://www.arxiv.org/pdf/0804.1126.pdf
L2  - http://arxiv.org/abs/0804.1126
N1  - Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures; final version accepted by Open Atmospheric Science Journal; supporting article separately submitted to arXiv as "Target atmospheric CO2: Supporting material", arxiv:0804.1135
KW  - Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Einflüsse der Temperatur auf Mortalität und Morbidität in Wien
AU  - Moshammer, H.
AU  - Hutter, H. P.
AU  - Frank, A.
AU  - Gerersdorfer, T.
AU  - Hlava, A.
AU  - Sprinzl, G.
AU  - Leitner, B.
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2006b
PY  - 2006b
DP  - Google Scholar
SP  - 48
LA  - Deutsch
M3  - StartClim2005.A1a Teilprojekt von StartClim2005 „Klimawandel und Gesundheit!"
PB  - Universität für Bodenkultur, Department für Wasser – Atmosphäre – Umwelt Institut für Meteorologie
UR  - http://www.austroclim.at/fileadmin/user_upload/reports/StCl05A1a.pdf
Y2  - 2013/01/12/
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
TI  - Heizen und Kühlen im Klimawandel - Teil 1. Erste Ergebnisse zu den künftigen Änderungen des Energiebedarfs für die Gebäudetemperierung Studien zum Klimawandel in Österreich.
A3  - Prettenthaler, Franz
A3  - Gobiet, Andreas
CY  - Wien
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
DP  - Open WorldCat
LA  - German
PB  - Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
SN  - 978-3-7001-4001-6 3-7001-4001-0
UR  - http://verlag.oeaw.ac.at/Heizen-und-Kuehlen-im-Klimawandel-Teil-1
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Klimaauswirkungen und Anpassung in Deutschland - Phase 1: Erstellung regionaler Klimaszenarien für Deutschland
AU  - Jacob, Daniela
AU  - Göttel, Holger
AU  - Kotlarski, Sven
AU  - Lorenz, Philip
AU  - Sieck, Kevin
AB  - Es ist unumstritten, dass sich das Klima der Erde in den letzten Dekaden gewandelt hat, wie zahlreiche Aufzeichnungen meteorologischer und hydrologischer Dienste weltweit zeigen (Climate Change, 2007). Von besonderem Interesse ist hierbei die Frage, ob und wenn ja wie sich extreme bzw. seltene Ereignisse (Starkniederschläge, Hitzewellen, Überschwemmungen, usw.) verändert haben und gegebenenfalls verändern werden. Für derartige Aussagen wurden globale Klimamodelle entwickelt, die zusammen mit verschiedenen Annahmen über die Treibhausgasentwicklung in der Atmosphäre mögliche Entwicklungen des Klimas in den nächsten 100 Jahren berechnen. Diese Computermodelle können als mathematische Abbilder des Erdsystems gesehen werden, da sie die physikalischen Prozesse im Erdsystem numerisch beschreiben und so real wie möglich berechnen.
CY  - Dessau
DA  - 2008///
PY  - 2008
LA  - Deutsch
PB  - Umweltbundesamt
SN  - Forschungsbericht 204 41 138, UBA-FB 00096
UR  - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/klimaauswirkungen-anpassung-in-deutschland
Y2  - 2013/10/09/
ER  -