TY - JOUR TI - The Earth's Climate in the Next Hundred Thousand years (100 kyr) AU - Berger, A. AU - Loutre, M. F. AU - Crucifix, M. T2 - Surveys in Geophysics DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 DP - Google Scholar VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 117 EP - 138 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1023233702670 Y2 - 2013/08/28/11:40:13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period AU - Andersen, K. K. AU - Azuma, N. AU - Barnola, J.-M. AU - Bigler, M. AU - Biscaye, P. AU - Caillon, N. AU - Chappellaz, J. AU - Clausen, H. B. AU - Dahl-Jensen, D. AU - Fischer, H. AU - Flückiger, J. AU - Fritzsche, D. AU - Fujii, Y. AU - Goto-Azuma, K. AU - Grønvold, K. AU - Gundestrup, N. S. AU - Hansson, M. AU - Huber, C. AU - Hvidberg, C. S. AU - Johnsen, S. J. AU - Jonsell, U. AU - Jouzel, J. AU - Kipfstuhl, S. AU - Landais, A. AU - Leuenberger, M. AU - Lorrain, R. AU - Masson-Delmotte, V. AU - Miller, H. AU - Motoyama, H. AU - Narita, H. AU - Popp, T. AU - Rasmussen, S. O. AU - Raynaud, D. AU - Rothlisberger, R. AU - Ruth, U. AU - Samyn, D. AU - Schwander, J. AU - Shoji, H. AU - Siggard-Andersen, M.-L. AU - Steffensen, J. P. AU - Stocker, T. AU - Sveinbjörnsdóttir, A. E. AU - Svensson, A. AU - Takata, M. AU - Tison, J.-L. AU - Thorsteinsson, Th. AU - Watanabe, O. AU - Wilhelms, F. AU - White, J. W. C. T2 - Nature DA - 2004/09/09/ PY - 2004 DO - 10.1038/nature02805 DP - CrossRef VL - 431 IS - 7005 SP - 147 EP - 151 SN - 0028-0836, 1476-4679 UR - http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature02805 Y2 - 2013/09/30/14:54:49 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The 8k event: cause and consequences of a major Holocene abrupt climate change AU - Alley, Richard B. AU - Ágústsdóttir, Anna Maria T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews AB - A prominent, abrupt climate event about 8200 years ago brought generally cold and dry conditions to broad northern-hemisphere regions especially in wintertime, in response to a very large outburst flood that freshened the North Atlantic. Changes were much larger than typical climate variability before and after the event, with anomalies up to many degrees contributing to major displacement of vegetative patterns. This “8k” event provides a clear case of cause and effect in the paleoclimatic realm, and so offers an excellent opportunity for model testing. The response to North Atlantic freshening has the same general anomaly pattern as observed for older events associated with abrupt climate changes following North Atlantic freshening, and so greatly strengthens the case that those older events also reflect North Atlantic changes. The North Atlantic involvement in the 8k event helps in estimating limits on climate anomalies that might result in the future if warming-caused ice-melt and hydrologic-cycle intensification at high latitudes lead to major changes in North Atlantic circulation. Few model experiments have directly addressed the 8k event, and most studies of proxy records across this event lack the time resolution to fully characterize the anomalies, so much work remains to be done. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.12.004 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 24 IS - 10–11 SP - 1123 EP - 1149 J2 - Quaternary Science Reviews SN - 0277-3791 ST - The 8k event UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379105000314 Y2 - 2013/08/29/04:52:29 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Cyclotella-taxa (Bacillariophyceae) in lakes of the Alpine region and their relationship to environmental variables AU - Wunsam, Sybille AU - Schmidt, Roland AU - Klee, Rolf T2 - Aquatic Sciences DA - 1995/// PY - 1995 DP - Google Scholar VL - 57 IS - 4 SP - 360 EP - 386 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00878399 Y2 - 2013/08/26/18:36:38 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial: The ice core record AU - Wolff, E.W. AU - Chappellaz, J. AU - Blunier, T. AU - Rasmussen, S.O. AU - Svensson, A. T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews DA - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.10.013 DP - CrossRef VL - 29 IS - 21-22 SP - 2828 EP - 2838 SN - 02773791 ST - Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379109003588 Y2 - 2013/08/28/15:12:33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mid- to Late Holocene climate change: an overview AU - Wanner, Heinz AU - Beer, Jürg AU - Bütikofer, Jonathan AU - Crowley, Thomas J. AU - Cubasch, Ulrich AU - Flückiger, Jacqueline AU - Goosse, Hugues AU - Grosjean, Martin AU - Joos, Fortunat AU - Kaplan, Jed O. AU - Küttel, Marcel AU - Müller, Simon A. AU - Prentice, I. Colin AU - Solomina, Olga AU - Stocker, Thomas F. AU - Tarasov, Pavel AU - Wagner, Mayke AU - Widmann, Martin T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews DA - 2008/10// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.06.013 DP - CrossRef VL - 27 IS - 19-20 SP - 1791 EP - 1828 SN - 02773791 ST - Mid- to Late Holocene climate change UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379108001479 Y2 - 2013/08/30/11:27:59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records AU - Walker, Mike AU - Johnsen, Sigfus AU - Rasmussen, Sune Olander AU - Popp, Trevor AU - Steffensen, Jørgen-Peder AU - Gibbard, Phil AU - Hoek, Wim AU - Lowe, John AU - Andrews, John AU - Björck, Svante T2 - Journal of Quaternary Science DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - Google Scholar VL - 24 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 17 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1227/full Y2 - 2013/08/30/09:14:27 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Witterung und Klima in der Steiermark AU - Wakonigg, Herwig CY - Graz DA - 1978/// PY - 1978 DP - Open WorldCat LA - German PB - Verlag für die Technische Universität SN - 3-7041-0049-8 978-3-7041-0049-8 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Klimaregionen der Steiermark AU - Wakonigg, H. AU - Podesser, A. T2 - Klimaatlas Steiermark: Periode 1971-2000: eine anwenderorientierte Klimatographie A2 - Prettenthaler, F. A2 - Podesser, A. A2 - Pilger, H. T3 - Studien zum Klimawandel in Österreich CY - Wien DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Library of Congress ISBN PB - Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften SN - 978-3-7001-6754-9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A precisely dated climate record for the last 9 kyr from three high alpine stalagmites, Spannagel Cave, Austria AU - Vollweiler, Nicole AU - Scholz, Denis AU - Mühlinghaus, Christian AU - Mangini, Augusto AU - Spötl, Christoph T2 - Geophysical Research Letters DA - 2006/10/24/ PY - 2006 DO - 10.1029/2006GL027662 DP - CrossRef VL - 33 IS - 20 SN - 0094-8276 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2006GL027662 Y2 - 2013/08/30/09:11:59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Geological processes during the Quaternary AU - van Husen, DIRK T2 - Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft DA - 2000/// PY - 2000 DP - Google Scholar VL - 92 IS - 1999 SP - 135 EP - 156 SN - 0251-493 UR - http://www2.uibk.ac.at/downloads/oegg/Band_92_135_156.pdf Y2 - 2013/08/28/15:05:09 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Review of meteorological aspects on hail defense activities in Austria AU - Svabik, O. T2 - Theoretical and Applied Climatology DA - 1989/// PY - 1989 DO - 10.1007/BF00865975 DP - CrossRef VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 247 EP - 254 SN - 0177-798X, 1434-4483 UR - http://pisces.boku.ac.at/han/scopus/www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-0024937591&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=Review+of+Meteorological+Aspects+on+Hail+Defence+Activities+in+Austria&sid=75C130F71F89B8E7A1DF1C208CF4AA28.mw4ft95QGjz1tIFG9A1uw%3a4030&sot=q&sdt=b&sl=90&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Review+of+Meteorological+Aspects+on+Hail+Defence+Activities+in+Austria%29&relpos=0&relpos=0&citeCnt=2&searchTerm=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Review+of+Meteorological+Aspects+on+Hail+Defence+Activities+in+Austria%29 Y2 - 2013/08/30/13:57:03 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 9,400 years of cosmic radiation and solar activity from ice cores and tree rings AU - Steinhilber, Friedhelm AU - Abreu, Jose A. AU - Beer, Jürg AU - Brunner, Irene AU - Christl, Marcus AU - Fischer, Hubertus AU - Heikkilä, Ulla AU - Kubik, Peter W. AU - Mann, Mathias AU - McCracken, Ken G. T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Google Scholar VL - 109 IS - 16 SP - 5967 EP - 5971 UR - http://www.pnas.org/content/109/16/5967.short Y2 - 2013/08/30/09:05:10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chronology of the last glacial maximum in the Salzach Palaeoglacier area (Eastern Alps) AU - Starnberger, Reinhard AU - Rodnight, Helena AU - Spötl, Christoph T2 - Journal of Quaternary Science DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Google Scholar VL - 26 IS - 5 SP - 502 EP - 510 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1477/full Y2 - 2013/08/28/14:51:30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Revisions and extension of the Hohenheim oak and pine chronologies; new evidence about the timing of the Younger Dryas/Preboreal transition. AU - Spurk, Marco AU - Friedrich, Michael AU - Hofmann, Jutta AU - Remmele, Sabine AU - Frenzel, Burkhard AU - Leuschner, Hanns Hubert AU - Kromer, Bernd T2 - Radiocarbon DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 DP - Google Scholar VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 1107 EP - 1116 UR - https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/download/3784/3209 Y2 - 2013/08/30/09:02:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A terrestrial U/Th-dated stable isotope record of the Penultimate Interglacial AU - Spötl, Christoph AU - Scholz, Denis AU - Mangini, Augusto T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.09.029 DP - Google Scholar VL - 276 IS - 3 SP - 283 EP - 292 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X08006365 Y2 - 2013/08/28/14:49:06 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Humid climate during deposition of sapropel 1 in the Mediterranean Sea: Assessing the influence on the Alps AU - Spötl, Christoph AU - Nicolussi, Kurt AU - Patzelt, Gernot AU - Boch, Ronny T2 - Global and Planetary Change DA - 2010/04// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.10.003 DP - CrossRef VL - 71 IS - 3-4 SP - 242 EP - 248 SN - 09218181 ST - Humid climate during deposition of sapropel 1 in the Mediterranean Sea UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818109001593 Y2 - 2013/08/30/09:00:15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - U/Th age constraints on the absence of ice in the central Inn Valley (eastern Alps, Austria) during Marine Isotope Stages 5c to 5a AU - Spötl, Christoph AU - Mangini, Augusto T2 - Quaternary Research DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.03.002 DP - Google Scholar VL - 66 IS - 1 SP - 167 EP - 175 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589406000457 Y2 - 2013/08/28/14:44:12 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Der Jahrring: Standort, Methodik, Zeit und Klima in der Dendrochronologie AU - Schweingruber, Fritz Hans CY - Bern DA - 1983/// PY - 1983 DP - Google Scholar PB - Haupt SN - 3-258-03120-7 ST - Der Jahrring UR - http://www.bcin.ca/Interface/openbcin.cgi?submit=submit&Chinkey=77548 Y2 - 2013/08/27/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Late and post-glacial history of meromictic Längsee (Austria), in respect to climate change and anthropogenic impact AU - Schmidt, Roland AU - Wunsam, Sybille AU - Brosch, Ursula AU - Fott, Jan AU - Lami, Andrea AU - Löffler, Heinz AU - Marchetto, Aldo AU - Müller, Harald W. AU - Pražáková, Miroslava AU - Schwaighofer, Bernd T2 - Aquatic Sciences AB - Multidisciplinary palaeolimnological approaches were applied to long sediment cores from Längsee, Carinthia. Climate amelioration after deglaciation allowed the expansion of shrubs and timber-line trees and the onset of plankton and probably lake summer stratification. This phase called Pre-Bölling has an upper boundary of approx. 16 kyrs BP. The change from a steppe to a tundra-like vegetation culminated during the following less temperate, humid phase, with lower in-lake productivity (Oldest Dryas, Ia; 16-13.6 kyrs BP). At about 13.6 kyrs BP when reforestation took place, summer surface water temperature increased towards recent temperatures and hypolimnetic anoxia developed. Different anoxic levels in respect to climate change underline the dynamic type of meromixis. Levels varied, being highest during the Preboreal/Boreal, and lowered during the Atlantic towards recent levels. The contrast between low trophic status and sediments enriched in organic matter characterizes "pseudeutrophic lake stratification" before the onset of human impact. Changes in the pelagic cladoceran communities during this time seem to be related to changes in predation. Aside long-term climatic change during the Atlantic, short-term fluctuations of precipitation within climate oscillations are suggested as possible causes of erosion processes, changes in lake level and water temperature. These are indicated for the Oldest and Younger Dryas, the Boreal/Atlantic and the Subboreal/Subatlantic transitions. They most likely act as the trigger mechanism for temporary mixing and changes in redox conditions. Extensive forest clearance in the catchment during Bronze-Age settlement caused a change in sediment type and temporary nutrient enrichment. The perturbations are comparable with erosion processes during the late-glacial when climate oscillations were the only driving forces. Anthropogenic influences on the lake environment vary according to land-use type. DA - 1998/02/01/ PY - 1998 DO - 10.1007/PL00001313 DP - link.springer.com VL - 60 IS - 1 SP - 56 EP - 88 J2 - Aquat. Sci. LA - en SN - 1015-1621, 1420-9055 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/PL00001313 Y2 - 2013/08/29/04:30:56 KW - Climate change KW - anthropogenic impact. KW - Key words: Längsee KW - Key words: Längsee, palaeolimnology, meromixis, climate change, anthropogenic impact. KW - meromixis KW - palaeolimnology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climatic Changes from 12,000 to 4,000 Years Ago in the Austrian Central Alps Tracked by Sedimentological and Biological Proxies of a Lake Sediment Core AU - Schmidt, Roland AU - Kamenik, Christian AU - Tessadri, Richard AU - Koinig, Karin Anne T2 - Journal of Paleolimnology AB - Major and trace elements, minerals, and grain-size were analysed from the early to mid-Holocene (12 to 4 ky BP) period of a sediment core from the Alpine lake Oberer Landschitzsee (ObLAN, 2076 m a.s.l.), which is located on predominantly crystalline bedrock on the southern slopes of the Austrian Central Alps. Geochemistry and mineralogy were compared with diatom-inferred (Di-) ‘date of autumn mixing’ (A mix), DOC, pH, and selected indicator pollen species from the same sediment core. Principal components analysis (PCA) indicated a positive correlation between processes triggered by temperature and precipitation (e.g., lake mixing, DOC). PCA grouped indicators of physical weathering and enhanced catchment run-off (sand, quartz, feldspar), elements of weathering (e.g., Ti, Rb, Mn) under dryer conditions (clay to silt fractions), and elements that probably were related to changes in redox conditions (Cu, Fe, S, Zn). The duration and height of the snow-pack played an important role in this high-alpine environment, affecting weathering, erosion, pH, and lake stratification. Low Alnus viridis pollen abundance, together with markers for increased elements of erosion, indicated extensive snow-pack. Changes in S coupled with As, and elements indicating increased weathering, reflected climate oscillations. LOI was affected by productivity and erosion. High (late) Di–A mix coupled with increased Di-DOC indicated prolonged summers with increased productivity. Cold and wet (snow-rich) phases and subsequent melting caused low pH and a decoupling of the significant linear correlation between sedimentary Ca and Di-pH. Weathering and leaching during climate deteriorations opposed the long-term trend in a loss of cations and forced in-lake alkalinity generation during the following lake warming. Overall, the multi-proxy study indicated complex climate-driven processes within different time-scales (long-term trends, climate oscillations, seasonality). The climate oscillations within 12–5 ky BP corresponded well with the cool and wet phases known from central Europe suggesting a dominant common Atlantic climate impact. When Mediterranean climate established between 5 and 4 ky BP, its influence on the southern slopes of the Alps increased. DA - 2006/04/01/ PY - 2006 DO - 10.1007/s10933-005-2351-2 DP - link.springer.com VL - 35 IS - 3 SP - 491 EP - 505 J2 - J Paleolimnol LA - en SN - 0921-2728, 1573-0417 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10933-005-2351-2 Y2 - 2013/08/29/04:34:04 KW - Climate change KW - Physical Geography KW - Environment, general KW - Geochemistry KW - Sedimentology KW - Alpine lake KW - Diatom-inferred environmental variables KW - Hydrobiology KW - Mineralogy KW - PCA KW - Pollen ER - TY - JOUR TI - Holocene glacier culminations in the Western Alps and their hemispheric relevance AU - Schimmelpfennig, I. AU - Schaefer, J. M. AU - Akcar, N. AU - Ivy-Ochs, S. AU - Finkel, R. C. AU - Schluchter, C. T2 - Geology DA - 2012/08/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1130/G33169.1 DP - CrossRef VL - 40 IS - 10 SP - 891 EP - 894 SN - 0091-7613, 1943-2682 UR - http://geology.gsapubs.org/cgi/doi/10.1130/G33169.1 Y2 - 2013/08/30/08:56:05 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate change: Hot news from summer 2003 AU - Schär, Christoph AU - Jendritzky, Gerd T2 - Nature DA - 2004/12/02/ PY - 2004 DO - 10.1038/432559a DP - CrossRef VL - 432 IS - 7017 SP - 559 EP - 560 SN - 0028-0836, 1476-4679 ST - Climate change UR - http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/432559a Y2 - 2013/08/30/13:52:48 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Hochwasser 2002-Datenbasis der Schadensbilanz 2002 AU - Sattler, Stefan AU - Wind, Heinz AU - Fuchs, Helmut AU - Habersack T2 - Startprojekt Klimaschutz: Erste Analysen extremer Wetterereignisse und ihrer Auswirkungen in Österreich CY - Wien DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 DP - Google Scholar M3 - Teilprojekt von StartClim. 9, PB - ZENAR Zentrum für Naturgefahren und Risikomanagement ER - TY - JOUR TI - Equilibrium line altitudes and rock glaciers in the Ferwall-Group (Western Tyrol, Austria) during the Younger Dryas cooling event AU - Sailer, R. AU - Kerschner, H. T2 - Annals of Glaciology DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DP - Google Scholar VL - 28 SP - 141 EP - 145 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Signature of the last ice age in the present subsurface temperatures in the Czech Republic and Slovenia AU - Šafanda, Jan AU - Rajver, Dušan T2 - Global and Planetary Change DA - 2001/06// PY - 2001 DO - 10.1016/S0921-8181(01)00093-5 DP - CrossRef VL - 29 IS - 3-4 SP - 241 EP - 257 SN - 09218181 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921818101000935 Y2 - 2013/08/28/14:43:11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measuring the frequency and intensity of floods of the Traun River (Upper Austria), 1441–1574 AU - Rohr, Christian T2 - Hydrological sciences journal DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DP - Google Scholar VL - 51 IS - 5 SP - 834 EP - 847 UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1623/hysj.51.5.834 Y2 - 2013/08/27/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Gekoppelte Klima-Hydrologie Modellierung in der Steiermark AU - Reszler, C. AU - Kupfersberger, H. AU - Truhetz, H. AU - Gobiet, A. AU - Sukltisch, M. T2 - Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft - von der Theorie zur Praxis: Beiträge zum Tag der Hydrologie am 24./25. März 2011 in Wien A2 - Blöschl, Günter A2 - Merz, Ralf A2 - Fachgemeinschaft Hydrologische Wissenschaften in der DWA (FgHW) DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Open WorldCat SP - 173 EP - 179 LA - German PB - DWA SN - 978-3-941897-79-3 3-941897-79-9 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Global characterization of the Holocene Thermal Maximum AU - Renssen, H. AU - Seppä, H. AU - Crosta, X. AU - Goosse, H. AU - Roche, D.M. T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews DA - 2012/08// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.05.022 DP - CrossRef VL - 48 SP - 7 EP - 19 SN - 02773791 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379112002168 Y2 - 2013/08/30/08:54:29 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Bericht 1998/1999 über geologische Aufnahmen im Quartär auf Blatt 179 Lienz AU - Reitner, J. T2 - Jahrbuch 2001/2002/2003 A2 - Geologische Bundesanstalt T3 - 143 DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 SP - 516 EP - 524 UR - http://www.geologie.ac.at/produkte-shop/textpublikationen/zeitschriften/jahrbuch_der_geologischen_bundesanstalt/?sort=date&year=2003 Y2 - 2013/10/01/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Auf der Hut–Methodische Überlegungen zur prähistorischen Alpwirtschaft in der Schweiz AU - Reitmaier, Thomas T2 - Archäologie in den Alpen. Alltag und Kult [vom 16. bis 18. Oktober 2009 veranstaltete die ANISA in Haus im Ennstal die Tagung "Archäologie in den Alpen - Alltag und Kult"] A2 - Mandl, F. A2 - Stadler, h. CY - Haus in E./Innsbruck DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Google Scholar SP - 219 EP - 238 SN - 978-3-901071-21-8 UR - http://www.prehist.uzh.ch/static/pdf/Reitmaier_Alpwirtschaft.pdf Y2 - 2013/08/30/08:46:54 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Holocene treeline fluctuations AU - Reasoner, Mel A. AU - Tinner, Willy T2 - Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments A2 - Gornitz, Vivien AB - Concern exists over human-generated increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases and their potential consequences to society. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007 finds that global temperatures have increased by 0.8oC since 1850 and that climate warming is now 'unequivocal'. While the human imprint is becoming increasingly apparent, Earth’s climate has shifted dramatically and frequently during the last few million years, alternating between ice ages, when vast glaciers covered Northern Europe and much of North America, and interglacials—warm periods much like today. Farther back in geologic time, climates have differed even more from the present. Thus, to fully understand the unusual changes of the 20th century and possible future trends, these must be placed in a longer-term context extending beyond the period of instrumental records. The Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments, a companion volume to the recently-published Encyclopedia of World Climatology, provides the reader with an entry point to the rapidly expanding field of paleoclimatology—the study of climates of the past. Highly interdisciplinary in nature, paleoclimatology integrates information from a broad array of disciplines in the geosciences, ranging from stratigraphy, geomorphology, glaciology, paleoecology, paleobotany to geochemistry and geophysics, among others. The encyclopedia offers 230 informative articles written by over 200 well known international experts on numerous subjects, ranging from classical geological evidence to the latest research. The volume is abundantly illustrated with line-drawings, black-white and color photographs. Articles are arranged alphabetically, with extensive bibliographies and cross-references. Volume Editor: Vivien Gornitz is a Senior Research Scientist, Center for Climate Systems Research Columbia University and NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. She holds a B.A. from Barnard College and a Ph.D. from Columbia University. Her research interests include global sea level rise--past, present, and future, coastal hazards, climatic implications of land cover transformations, and planetary geology, including Mars. In addition to numerous scientific publications, she has edited Geology of the Planet Mars (Benchmark Papers in Geology, v. 48, Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., 1979) and has contributed articles to several of the encyclopedias in the Earth Sciences Series. She was a Contributing Author for the IPCC in 1990, 1995, 2001, and 2007. DA - 2009/01/01/ PY - 2009 DP - Google Books SP - 442 EP - 446 LA - en PB - Springer SN - 978-1-4020-4551-6 UR - http://books.google.at/books?id=yRMgYc-8mTIC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false N1 -
Holocene treeline fluctuations. In: Gornitz V (Hrsg.): Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments.
KW - Science / Earth Sciences / Geology KW - Science / Environmental Science KW - Reference / Encyclopedias KW - Science / Earth Sciences / Meteorology & Climatology KW - Science / Earth Sciences / Oceanography KW - Science / Paleontology ER - TY - JOUR TI - A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination AU - Rasmussen, S. O. AU - Andersen, K. K. AU - Svensson, A. M. AU - Steffensen, J. P. AU - Vinther, B. M. AU - Clausen, H. B. AU - Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L. AU - Johnsen, S. J. AU - Larsen, L. B. AU - Dahl-Jensen, D. AU - Bigler, M. AU - Röthlisberger, R. AU - Fischer, H. AU - Goto-Azuma, K. AU - Hansson, M. E. AU - Ruth, U. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres AB - We present a new common stratigraphic timescale for the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) and GRIP ice cores. The timescale covers the period 7.9–14.8 kyr before present and includes the Bølling, Allerød, Younger Dryas, and early Holocene periods. We use a combination of new and previously published data, the most prominent being new high-resolution Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) impurity records from the NGRIP ice core. Several investigators have identified and counted annual layers using a multiparameter approach, and the maximum counting error is estimated to be up to 2% in the Holocene part and about 3% for the older parts. These counting error estimates reflect the number of annual layers that were hard to interpret, but not a possible bias in the set of rules used for annual layer identification. As the GRIP and NGRIP ice cores are not optimal for annual layer counting in the middle and late Holocene, the timescale is tied to a prominent volcanic event inside the 8.2 kyr cold event, recently dated in the DYE-3 ice core to 8236 years before A. D. 2000 (b2k) with a maximum counting error of 47 years. The new timescale dates the Younger Dryas-Preboreal transition to 11,703 b2k, which is 100–150 years older than according to the present GRIP and NGRIP timescales. The age of the transition matches the GISP2 timescale within a few years, but viewed over the entire 7.9–14.8 kyr section, there are significant differences between the new timescale and the GISP2 timescale. The transition from the glacial into the Bølling interstadial is dated to 14,692 b2k. The presented timescale is a part of a new Greenland ice core chronology common to the DYE-3, GRIP, and NGRIP ice cores, named the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05). The annual layer thicknesses are observed to be log-normally distributed with good approximation, and compared to the early Holocene, the mean accumulation rates in the Younger Dryas and Bølling periods are found to be 47 ± 2% and 88 ± 2%, respectively. DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1029/2005JD006079 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 111 IS - D6 SP - n/a EP - n/a LA - en SN - 2156-2202 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2005JD006079/abstract Y2 - 2013/08/29/04:27:45 KW - annual layer counting KW - ice core chronology KW - stratigraphic dating ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pollen stratigraphy, vegetation and climate history of the last 215ka in the Azzano Decimo core (plain of Friuli, north-eastern Italy) AU - Pini, R. AU - Ravazzi, C. AU - Donegana, M. T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - Google Scholar VL - 28 IS - 13 SP - 1268 EP - 1290 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379108003764 Y2 - 2013/08/28/14:41:15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A lacustrine GDGT-temperature calibration from the Scandinavian Arctic to Antarctic: Renewed potential for the application of GDGT-paleothermometry in lakes AU - Pearson, Emma J. AU - Juggins, Steve AU - Talbot, Helen M. AU - Weckström, Jan AU - Rosén, Peter AU - Ryves, David B. AU - Roberts, Stephen J. AU - Schmidt, Roland T2 - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta DA - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.gca.2011.07.042 DP - CrossRef VL - 75 IS - 20 SP - 6225 EP - 6238 SN - 00167037 ST - A lacustrine GDGT-temperature calibration from the Scandinavian Arctic to Antarctic UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016703711004406 Y2 - 2013/08/26/17:49:56 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Untersuchungen zur nacheiszeitlichen Schwemmkegel- und Talentwicklung in Tirol. 1. Teil: Das Inntal zwischen Mötz und Wattens. AU - Patzelt, Gernot T2 - Veröffentlichungen des Tiroler Landesmuseums Ferdinandeum 67 CY - Innsbruck DA - 1987/// PY - 1987 SP - 93 EP - 122 UR - http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/VeroeffFerd_67_0093-0123.pdf Y2 - 2013/10/01/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - The 8.2 ka event—Calendar-dated glacier response in the Alps AU - Nicolussi, Kurt AU - Schlüchter, Christian T2 - Geology AB - Evidence for an 8.2 ka event–related advance for an Alpine glacier was missing for a long time. In the light of dendrochronological analyses for tree remains found in front of the Mont Miné Glacier, Swiss Alps, we present evidence for such an advance related to the 8.2 ka event. Calendar dates established for dozens of tree remains place this glacier advance ∼8175 yr before A.D. 2000. Therefore, this 8.2 ka advance response of the Mont Miné Glacier terminated a nearly millennial-long retreat period with a glacier always shorter than today. DA - 2012/09/01/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1130/G32406.1 DP - geology.gsapubs.org VL - 40 IS - 9 SP - 819 EP - 822 J2 - Geology LA - en SN - 0091-7613, 1943-2682 UR - http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/40/9/819 Y2 - 2013/08/29/06:07:08 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Holocene tree-line variability in the Kauner Valley, Central Eastern Alps, indicated by dendrochronological analysis of living trees and subfossil logs AU - Nicolussi, Kurt AU - Kaufmann, Matthias AU - Patzelt, Gernot AU - Van der Pflicht, Johannes AU - Thurner, Andrea T2 - Vegetation History and Archaeobotany DA - 2005/09/17/ PY - 2005 DO - 10.1007/s00334-005-0013-y DP - CrossRef VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 221 EP - 234 SN - 0939-6314, 1617-6278 UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00334-005-0013-y Y2 - 2013/08/30/ ER - TY - CHAP TI - Gletschergeschichte der Pasterze - Spurensuche in die nacheiszeitliche Vergangenheit. AU - Nicolussi, K. T2 - Die Pasterze. Der Gletscher am Großglockner A2 - Lieb, G.K. A2 - Slupetzky, H. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 SP - 24 EP - 27 PB - Verlag Anton Pustet SN - 978-3-7025-0652-0 UR - http://www.uibk.ac.at/geographie/forschung/dendro/publikationen---pdf-files/2011-nicolussi_gletschergeschichte-der-pasterze.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - The demise of the Last Interglacial recorded in isotopically dated speleothems from the Alps AU - Meyer, Michael C. AU - Spötl, Christoph AU - Mangini, Augusto T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews DA - 2008/03// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.11.005 DP - CrossRef VL - 27 IS - 5-6 SP - 476 EP - 496 SN - 02773791 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379107003356 Y2 - 2013/08/28/14:00:33 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Type areas of Lateglacial and Postglacial deposits in Tyrol, Eastern Alps. AU - Mayr, F. AU - Heuberger, H. T2 - Glaciations of the Alps A2 - Richmond GM T3 - Series in Earth Sciences DA - 1968/// PY - 1968 SP - 135 EP - 142 PB - University of Colorado: Boulder, CO. ER - TY - JOUR TI - BACCHUS temperature reconstruction for the period 16th to 18th centuries from Viennese and Klosterneuburg grape harvest dates AU - Maurer, C. AU - Koch, E. AU - Hammerl, C. AU - Hammerl, T. AU - Pokorny, E. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research DA - 2009/11/24/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.1029/2009JD011730 DP - CrossRef VL - 114 IS - D22 SN - 0148-0227 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2009JD011730 Y2 - 2013/08/30/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Extreme grape harvest data of Austria, Switzerland and France from AD 1523 to 2007 compared to corresponding instrumental/reconstructed temperature data and various documentary sources AU - Maurer, C. AU - Hammerl, C. AU - Koch, E. AU - Hammerl, T. AU - Pokorny, E. T2 - Theoretical and Applied Climatology DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1007/s00704-011-0410-3 DP - Google Scholar VL - 106 IS - 1-2 SP - 55 EP - 68 SN - 1434-4483 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00704-011-0410-3 Y2 - 2013/08/30/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reconstruction of temperature in the Central Alps during the past 2000 yr from a δ18O stalagmite record AU - Mangini, A. AU - Spötl, C. AU - Verdes, P. T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters DA - 2005/07// PY - 2005 DO - 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.05.010 DP - CrossRef VL - 235 IS - 3-4 SP - 741 EP - 751 SN - 0012821X UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X05003195 Y2 - 2013/08/30/ KW - Temperature KW - stable isotopes KW - Holocene KW - Central Alps KW - Medieval Warm Period KW - stalagmite record ER - TY - JOUR TI - Holocene palaeohydrological changes in the northern Mediterranean borderlands as reflected by the lake-level record of Lake Ledro, northeastern Italy AU - Magny, Michel AU - Joannin, Sébastien AU - Galop, Didier AU - Vannière, Boris AU - Haas, Jean Nicolas AU - Bassetti, Michele AU - Bellintani, Paolo AU - Scandolari, Romana AU - Desmet, Marc T2 - Quaternary Research AB - A lake-level record of Lake Ledro (northern Italy) spans the entire Holocene with a chronology derived from 51 radiocarbon dates. It is based on a specific sedimentological approach that combines data from five sediment profiles sampled in distinct locations in the littoral zone. On a millennial scale, the lake-level record shows two successive periods from 11,700 to 4500 cal yr BP and from 4500 cal yr BP to the present, characterized by lower and higher average lake levels, respectively. In addition to key seasonal and inter-hemispherical changes in insolation, the major hydrological change around 4500 cal yr BP may be related to a non-linear response of the climate system to orbitally-driven gradual decrease in insolation. The Ledro record questions the notion of an accentuated summer rain regime in the northern Mediterranean borderlands during the boreal insolation maximum. Moreover, the Ledro record highlights that the Holocene was punctuated by successive centennial-scale highstands. Correlations with the Preboreal oscillation and the 8.2 ka event, and comparison with the atmospheric 14C residual record, suggest that short-lived lake-level fluctuations developed at Ledro in response to (1) final steps of the deglaciation in the North Atlantic area and (2) variations in solar activity. DA - 2012/05// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.yqres.2012.01.005 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 77 IS - 3 SP - 382 EP - 396 J2 - Quaternary Research SN - 0033-5894 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589412000063 Y2 - 2013/09/30/12:39:48 KW - Holocene KW - Lacustrine sediments KW - Lake-level fluctuations KW - Mediterranean KW - Palaeohydrology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Late-Holocene climatic variability south of the Alps as recorded by lake-level fluctuations at Lake Ledro, Trentino, Italy AU - Magny, Michel AU - Galop, Didier AU - Bellintani, Paolo AU - Desmet, Marc AU - Didier, Julien AU - Haas, Jean Nicolas AU - Martinelli, Nicoletta AU - Pedrotti, Annaluisa AU - Scandolari, Romana AU - Stock, Agnès AU - Vannière, Boris T2 - The Holocene AB - A lake-level record for the late Holocene at Lake Ledro (Trentino, northeastern Italy) is presented. It is based on the sediment and pollen analysis of a 1.75 m high stratigraphic section observed on the southern shore (site Ledro I) and a 3.2 m long sediment core taken from a littoral mire on the southeastern shore (site Ledro II). The chronology is derived from 15 radiocarbon dates and pollen stratigraphy. The late-Holocene composite record established from these two sediment sequences gives evidence of centennial-scale fluctuations with highstands at c. 3400, 2600, 1700, 1200 and 400 cal. BP, in agreement with various palaeohydrological records established in central and northern Italy, as well as north of theAlps. In addition, high lake-level conditions at c. 2000 cal. BP may be the equivalent of stronger river discharge observed at the same time in Central Italy’s rivers. In agreement with the lake-level record of Accesa (Tuscany), the Ledro record also suggests a relatively complex palaeohydrological pattern for the period around 4000 cal. BP. On a millennial scale, sediment hiatuses observed in the lower part of the Ledro I sediment sequence indicate that, except for a highstand occurring just after 7500 cal. BP, lower lake levels generally prevailed rather before c. 4000 cal. BP than afterwards. Finally, the lake-level data obtained at Lake Ledro indicate that the relative continuity of settlements in humid areas of northern Italy during the Bronze Age (in contrast to their general abandonment north of the Alps between c. 3450 and 3150 cal. BP), does not reflect different regional patterns of climatic and palaeohydrological conditions. In contrast, the rise in lake level dated to c. 3400 cal. BP at Ledro appears to coincide with a worldwide climate reversal, observed in both the hemispheres, while palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data collected at Lake Ledro may suggest, as a working hypothesis, a relative emancipation of protohistoric societies from climatic conditions. DA - 2009/01/06/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.1177/0959683609104032 DP - hol.sagepub.com VL - 19 IS - 4 SP - 575 EP - 589 J2 - The Holocene LA - en SN - 0959-6836, 1477-0911 UR - http://hol.sagepub.com/content/19/4/575 Y2 - 2013/09/30/12:38:14 KW - Sedimentology KW - Bronze Age lake-dwellings KW - Lake level KW - late Holocene KW - northern Italy ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Late Maunder Minimum (1675–1715) – A Key Period forStudying Decadal Scale Climatic Change in Europe AU - Luterbacher, J. AU - Rickli, R. AU - Xoplaki, E. AU - Tinguely, C. AU - Beck, C. AU - Pfister, C. AU - Wanner, H. T2 - Climatic Change AB - The Late Maunder Minimum (LMM, 1675–1715) denotes the climax of the `Little Ice Age' in Europe with marked climate variability. Investigations into interannual and interdecadal differences of atmospheric circulation between the LMM and the period 1961–1990 have been performedand undertaken based upon sea level pressure (SLP) difference maps, empiricalorthogonal function (EOF) analysis, and objective classification techniques. Since the SLP during the LMM winterwas significantly higher in northeastern Europe but below normal over the central and western Mediterranean, more frequent blocking situations were connected with cold air outbreaks towards central and eastern Europe. Springs were cold and characterized by a southward shift of the mid-latitude storm tracks. Summers in western, central Europe and northern Europe were wetter and slightly cooler than they are today due to a weakerAzores high and a more southerly position of the mean polar front axes. Autumns showed a significantly higher pressure over northern Europe and a lower pressure over continental Europe and the Mediterranean, an indication of an advanced change from summer to winter circulation. It is suggested that the pressure patterns during parts of the LMM might be attributed to the combination of external forcing factors (solar irradiance and volcanic activity) and internal oscillations and couplings in the North Atlantic. DA - 2001/06/01/ PY - 2001 DO - 10.1023/A:1010667524422 DP - link.springer.com VL - 49 IS - 4 SP - 441 EP - 462 J2 - Climatic Change LA - en SN - 0165-0009, 1573-1480 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1010667524422 Y2 - 2013/08/29/05:34:55 KW - Meteorology/Climatology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rapid summer temperature changes during Termination 1a: high-resolution multi-proxy climate reconstructions from Gerzensee (Switzerland) AU - Lotter, André F. AU - Heiri, Oliver AU - Brooks, Stephen AU - van Leeuwen, Jacqueline FN AU - Eicher, Ulrich AU - Ammann, Brigitta T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.022 DP - Google Scholar VL - 36 SP - 103 EP - 113 ST - Rapid summer temperature changes during Termination 1a UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379110002167 Y2 - 2013/08/28/16:26:38 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Younger Dryas and Allerød summer temperatures at Gerzensee (Switzerland) inferred from fossil pollen and cladoceran assemblages AU - Lotter, A. F. AU - Birks, H. J. B. AU - Eicher, U. AU - Hofmann, W. AU - Schwander, J. AU - Wick, L. T2 - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology DA - 2000/// PY - 2000 DO - 10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00093-6 DP - Google Scholar VL - 159 IS - 3 SP - 349 EP - 361 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018200000936 Y2 - 2013/08/28/16:24:42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records AU - Lisiecki, Lorraine E. AU - Raymo, Maureen E. T2 - Paleoceanography DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 DO - 10.1029/2004PA001071 DP - Google Scholar VL - 20 IS - 1 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2004PA001071/full Y2 - 2013/08/28/13:58:14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Northern hemisphere storm tracks during the last glacial maximum in the PMIP2 ocean-atmosphere coupled models: energetic study, seasonal cycle, precipitation AU - Laîné, A. AU - Kageyama, M. AU - Salas-Mélia, D. AU - Voldoire, A. AU - Rivière, G. AU - Ramstein, G. AU - Planton, S. AU - Tyteca, S. AU - Peterschmitt, J. Y. T2 - Climate Dynamics DA - 2008/04/11/ PY - 2008 DO - 10.1007/s00382-008-0391-9 DP - CrossRef VL - 32 IS - 5 SP - 593 EP - 614 SN - 0930-7575, 1432-0894 ST - Northern hemisphere storm tracks during the last glacial maximum in the PMIP2 ocean-atmosphere coupled models UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00382-008-0391-9 Y2 - 2013/08/28/13:53:22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Climate and glaciers AU - Kuhn, Michael T2 - International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication DA - 1981/// PY - 1981 DP - Google Scholar VL - 131 SP - 3 EP - 20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Regional Synthesis of Mediterranean Atmospheric Circulation During the Last Glacial Maximum AU - Kuhlemann, J. AU - Rohling, E. J. AU - Krumrei, I. AU - Kubik, P. AU - Ivy-Ochs, S. AU - Kucera, M. T2 - Science DA - 2008/09/05/ PY - 2008 DO - 10.1126/science.1157638 DP - CrossRef VL - 321 IS - 5894 SP - 1338 EP - 1340 SN - 0036-8075, 1095-9203 UR - http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1157638 Y2 - 2013/08/28/13:52:21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Luminescence dating of proglacial sediments from the Eastern Alps AU - Klasen, Nicole AU - Fiebig, Markus AU - Preusser, Frank AU - Reitner, Jürgen M. AU - Radtke, Ulrich T2 - Quaternary International DA - 2007/04// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.12.003 DP - CrossRef VL - 164-165 SP - 21 EP - 32 SN - 10406182 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S104061820600320X Y2 - 2013/08/28/16:20:32 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Klimawandel messbar machen und unsere Antworten gestalten AU - Kirchengast, Gottfried AU - Steininger, Karl AU - Gobiet, Andreas AU - Steiner, Andrea T2 - Soziale Technik CY - Graz DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 PB - Wegener Zentrum für Klima und Globalen Wandel Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz SN - 3/2011 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Surface exposure dating of moraines in the Kromer valley (Silvretta Mountains, Austria)-evidence for glacial response to the 8.2 ka event in the Eastern Alps? AU - Kerschner, Hanns AU - Hertl, Andreas AU - Gross, Günther AU - Ivy-Ochs, Susan AU - Kubik, Peter W. T2 - The Holocene AB - 10Be dating of a pronounced glacier advance (‘Kromer Stadial’) in the western part of the Silvretta Mountains (western Austria) yielded ages ranging from 8010±360 to 8690±410 years with a mean age for moraine stabilization of 8410±690 years. Hence, the Kromer Stadial, which was previously considered as early Preboreal, may represent the glacier response to the early phase of the ‘8.2-ka event’, as it is recorded in the Greenland ice-cores. The glacier advanced to a position beyond its ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) limit; the end moraines are situated 750-1000 m downvalley from the glacier ends in 1850. The corresponding drop of the equilibrium line altitude relative to the LIA datum was 75 m. The glacier advance was followed by a period of glacier recession and rock glacier development. In total, the climatic fluctuation may have lasted for about 500±200 years. The age and duration of the climatic fluctuation is in good accordance with the ‘Misox cold phase’ and CE-3 climatic fluctuation as recorded in Switzerland. Climate during the Kromer Stadial was characterized by more humid conditions than today along the northern fringe of the Alps and slightly negative to moderately positive changes in precipitation in the central part of the Austrian Alps. Summer temperatures changes were most likely in the order of-1 to OK. Mean annual temperature was 1.5K to 2K lower than today, at least during the second phase of the climatic fluctuation. DA - 2006/01/01/ PY - 2006 DO - 10.1196/0959683606hl902rp DP - hol.sagepub.com VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 7 EP - 15 J2 - The Holocene LA - en SN - 0959-6836, 1477-0911 UR - http://hol.sagepub.com/content/16/1/7 Y2 - 2013/08/29/05:31:59 KW - Austrian Alps KW - Holocene KW - 8.2-ka event KW - beryllium-10 KW - cosmogenic isotope KW - glacier-climate models KW - Surface exposure dating ER - TY - JOUR TI - Glacier-climate interaction at low latitudes AU - Kaser, Georg T2 - Journal of Glaciology AB - In the low latitudes there is an absence of major thermal seasonality, yet there are three different climate regimes related to global circulation patterns and their seasonal oscillation: the humid inner tropics, the dry subtropics and, intermediate between these two, the outer tropics. For the respective glacier regimes the vertical profiles of specific mass balance (VBPs) are modeled considering vertical gradients of accumulation, air temperature and albedo, the duration of the ablation period and a factor for the ratio between melting and sublimation. The model is first calibrated with data from Hintereisferner, Austrian Alps, and is then applied to tropical conditions. The simulated VBP matches well the measured profiles from Irian Jaya and Mount Kenya. Due to lack of field evidence, the subtropical VBP cannot be verified directly. However, application of the respective model versions separately to the humid and dry seasons of the outer-tropical Glaciar Uruashraju, Cordillera Blanca, Peru, provides reasonable results. Glaciers in the humid inner tropics are considered to be most sensitive to variations in air temperature, while dry subtropical glaciers are most sensitive to changes in air humidity. The two seasons of the outer tropics have to be viewed from these different perspectives. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001 DO - 10.3189/172756501781832296 DP - IngentaConnect VL - 47 IS - 157 SP - 195 EP - 204 J2 - Journal of Glaciology ER - TY - JOUR TI - Verification of Operational Analyses Using an Extremely High-Density Surface Station Network AU - Kann, Alexander AU - Haiden, Thomas AU - von der Emde, Klaus AU - Gruber, Christine AU - Kabas, Thomas AU - Leuprecht, Armin AU - Kirchengast, Gottfried T2 - Weather and Forecasting DA - 2011/08// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00031.1 DP - CrossRef VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 572 EP - 578 SN - 0882-8156, 1520-0434 UR - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/WAF-D-11-00031.1 Y2 - 2013/08/27/15:37:25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Environmental and climatic conditions at a potential Glacial refugial site of tree species near the Southern Alpine glaciers. New insights from multiproxy sedimentary studies at Lago della Costa (Euganean Hills, Northeastern Italy) AU - Kaltenrieder, Petra AU - Belis, Claudio A. AU - Hofstetter, Simone AU - Ammann, Brigitta AU - Ravazzi, Cesare AU - Tinner, Willy T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - Google Scholar VL - 28 IS - 25 SP - 2647 EP - 2662 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379109001929 Y2 - 2013/08/28/12:54:16 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal and Annual Trends of Temperature and Precipitation within 1951/19712007 in South-Eastern Styria, Austria AU - Kabas, Thomas AU - Foelsche, Ulrich AU - Kirchengast, Gottfried T2 - Meteorologische Zeitschrift DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.5194/asr-6-49-2011 DP - Google Scholar VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 277 EP - 289 UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/mz/2011/00000020/00000003/art00003 Y2 - 2013/08/27/15:35:13 ER - TY - RPRT TI - WegenerNet Klimastationsnetz Region Feldbach: Experimenteller Aufbau und hochauflösende Daten für die Klima- und Umweltforschung AU - Kabas, Thomas CY - Graz DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 M3 - Wissenschaftlicher Bericht PB - Wegener Center Verlag SN - 47 UR - http://www.uni-graz.at/igam3www/WegCenterVerlag/WCV-SciRep-No47-TKabas-Jan2012.pdf Y2 - 2013/09/30/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - WegenerNet climate station network region Feldbach, Austria: network structure, processing system, and example results AU - Kabas, T. AU - Leuprecht, A. AU - Bichler, C. AU - Kirchengast, G. T2 - Advances in Science and Research DA - 2011/03/09/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.5194/asr-6-49-2011 DP - CrossRef VL - 6 SP - 49 EP - 54 SN - 1992-0636 ST - WegenerNet climate station network region Feldbach, Austria UR - http://www.adv-sci-res.net/6/49/2011/ Y2 - 2013/08/27/15:36:38 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Holocene optimum events inferred from subglacial sediments at Tschierva Glacier, Eastern Swiss Alps AU - Joerin, U.E. AU - Nicolussi, K. AU - Fischer, A. AU - Stocker, T.F. AU - Schlüchter, C. T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews DA - 2008/02// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.10.016 DP - CrossRef VL - 27 IS - 3-4 SP - 337 EP - 350 SN - 02773791 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379107003010 Y2 - 2013/08/28/16:14:48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A novel radiocarbon dating technique applied to an ice core from the Alps indicating late Pleistocene ages AU - Jenk, Theo M. AU - Szidat, Sönke AU - Bolius, David AU - Sigl, Michael AU - Gäggeler, Heinz W. AU - Wacker, Lukas AU - Ruff, Matthias AU - Barbante, Carlo AU - Boutron, Claude F. AU - Schwikowski, Margit T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research DA - 2009/07/24/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.1029/2009JD011860 DP - CrossRef VL - 114 IS - D14 SN - 0148-0227 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2009JD011860 Y2 - 2013/08/28/12:53:02 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Timing of deglaciation on the northern Alpine foreland (Switzerland) AU - Ivy-Ochs, Susan AU - Schäfer, Jörg AU - Kubik, Peter W. AU - Synal, Hans-Arno AU - Schlüchter, Christian T2 - Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 DO - 10.1007/s00015-004-1110-0 DP - Google Scholar VL - 97 IS - 1 SP - 47 EP - 55 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00015-004-1110-0 Y2 - 2013/08/28/15:44:04 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chronology of the last glacial cycle in the European Alps AU - Ivy-Ochs, Susan AU - Kerschner, Hanns AU - Reuther, Anne AU - Preusser, Frank AU - Heine, Klaus AU - Maisch, Max AU - Kubik, Peter W. AU - Schlüchter, Christian T2 - Journal of Quaternary Science DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1002/jqs.1202 DP - Google Scholar VL - 23 IS - 6-7 SP - 559 EP - 573 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1202/full Y2 - 2013/08/28/16:11:54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier variations in the European Alps AU - Ivy-Ochs, Susan AU - Kerschner, Hanns AU - Maisch, Max AU - Christl, Marcus AU - Kubik, Peter W. AU - Schlüchter, Christian T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - Google Scholar VL - 28 IS - 21 SP - 2137 EP - 2149 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379109001152 Y2 - 2013/08/28/16:13:15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Glacier response in the European Alps to Heinrich Event 1 cooling: the Gschnitz stadial AU - Ivy-Ochs, Susan AU - Kerschner, Hanns AU - Kubik, Peter W. AU - Schlüchter, Christian T2 - Journal of Quaternary Science AB - The Gschnitz stadial was a period of regionally extensive glacier advance in the European Alps that lies temporally between the breakdown of the Last Glacial Maximum piedmont lobes and the beginning of the Bølling warm interval. Moraines of the Gschnitz stadial are found in medium to small catchments, are steep-walled and blocky, and reflect a snowline lowering of 650–700 m in comparison to the Little Ice Age reference snowline. 10Be surface exposure dating of boulders from the moraine at the type locality at Trins (Gschnitz valley, Tyrol, Austria) shows that it stabilised no later than 15 400 ± 1400 yr ago. The overall morphological situation and the long reaction time of the glacier suggest that the climatic downturn lasted about 500 ± 300 yr, indicating that the Gschnitz cold period began approximately 15 900 ± 1400 yr ago, if not somewhat earlier. This is consistent with published radiocarbon dates that imply that the stadial occurred sometime between 15 400 14C yr BP (18 020–19 100 cal. yr) and 13 250 14C yr BP (15 360–16 015 cal. yr). A palaeoclimatic interpretation of the Gschnitz glacier based on a simple glacier flow model and statistical glacier-climate models shows that precipitation was about one-third of modern-day precipitation and summer temperatures were about 10 K lower than today. In comparison, during the Younger Dryas, precipitation in this area was only about 10% less and Ts (summer temperature) was only 3.5–4 K lower than modern values. Based on the age of the moraine and the cold and dry climate at that time, we suggest that the Gschnitz stadial was the response of Alpine glaciers to cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean associated with Heinrich Event 1. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2006/02// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1002/jqs.955 DP - CrossRef VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 115 EP - 130 SN - 0267-8179, 1099-1417 ST - Glacier response in the European Alps to Heinrich Event 1 cooling UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jqs.955 Y2 - 2013/08/26/17:02:41 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Lateglacial environmental and climatic changes at the Maloja Pass, Central Swiss Alps, as recorded by chironomids and pollen AU - Ilyashuk, Boris AU - Gobet, Erika AU - Heiri, Oliver AU - Lotter, André F. AU - van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F.N. AU - van der Knaap, Willem O. 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T2 - Climatic Change DA - 2012/01/11/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.1007/s10584-011-0389-x DP - CrossRef VL - 113 IS - 3-4 SP - 733 EP - 750 SN - 0165-0009, 1573-1480 UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-011-0389-x Y2 - 2013/08/30/12:56:22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the homogeneity of radiosonde wind time series AU - Gruber, Christine AU - Haimberger, Leopold T2 - Meteorologische Zeitschrift DA - 2008/10/01/ PY - 2008 DO - 10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0298 DP - CrossRef VL - 17 IS - 5 SP - 631 EP - 643 SN - 09412948 UR - http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0941-2948&volume=17&issue=5&spage=631 Y2 - 2013/08/27/15:26:11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Methodische Untersuchungen über die Schneegrenze in alpinen Gletschergebieten AU - Gross, Günther AU - Kerschner, Hanns AU - Patzelt, Gernot T2 - Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie DA - 1977/// PY - 1977 DP - Google Scholar VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 223 EP - 251 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Karst AU - Frisia, S. AU - Borsato, A. 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Bacteria also play a role in favouring the growth of mineral fibres in cave moonmilk, a plastic and powdery deposit consisting mostly of water and calcite. The most typical products of deposition in the subsurface karst environment are speleothems consisting of a rigid and relatively fragile arrangement in successive layers of calcium-carbonate crystals, which are here referred to as sparitic speleothems. Stalagmites, stalactites and flowstones mostly consist of calcite, and less commonly of aragonite or other minerals, which reflect events that occurred at the surface in their fabrics, trace-element composition, stable-isotope ratio and organic chemistry. The focus of this chapter is on issues related to the formation of karst deposits and their significance as palaeoclimate archives. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - ScienceDirect VL - Volume 61 SP - 269 EP - 318 PB - Elsevier SN - 0070-4571 ST - Carbonates in Continental Settings: Facies, Environments, and Processes UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0070457109061068 Y2 - 2013/08/27/16:50:25 KW - palaeoclimate KW - caves KW - karst KW - speleothems ER - TY - JOUR TI - The potential of high-resolution X-ray fluorescence core scanning: applications in paleolimnology. AU - Francus, P. AU - Lamb, H. AU - Nakagawa, T. AU - Marshall, M. AU - Brown, E. T2 - PAGES (Past Global Changes) News DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - Google Scholar VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 93 EP - 95 ST - The potential of high-resolution X-ray fluorescence core scanning UR - http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20123221956.html Y2 - 2013/08/26/17:34:03 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pleistocene climates in Central Europe: at least 17 interglacials after the Olduvai event AU - Fink, Julius AU - Kukla, George J. 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T2 - e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik DA - 2008/05// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1007/s00502-008-0530-3 DP - CrossRef VL - 125 IS - 5 SP - 209 EP - 213 SN - 0932-383X, 1613-7620 UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00502-008-0530-3 Y2 - 2013/08/30/12:48:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system AU - Dee, D. P. AU - Uppala, S. M. AU - Simmons, A. J. AU - Berrisford, P. AU - Poli, P. AU - Kobayashi, S. AU - Andrae, U. AU - Balmaseda, M. A. AU - Balsamo, G. AU - Bauer, P. AU - Bechtold, P. AU - Beljaars, A. C. M. AU - van de Berg, L. AU - Bidlot, J. AU - Bormann, N. AU - Delsol, C. AU - Dragani, R. AU - Fuentes, M. AU - Geer, A. J. AU - Haimberger, L. AU - Healy, S. B. AU - Hersbach, H. AU - Hólm, E. V. AU - Isaksen, L. AU - Kållberg, P. AU - Köhler, M. AU - Matricardi, M. AU - McNally, A. P. AU - Monge-Sanz, B. M. AU - Morcrette, J.-J. AU - Park, B.-K. AU - Peubey, C. AU - de Rosnay, P. AU - Tavolato, C. AU - Thépaut, J.-N. AU - Vitart, F. T2 - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society DA - 2011/04// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1002/qj.828 DP - CrossRef VL - 137 IS - 656 SP - 553 EP - 597 SN - 00359009 ST - The ERA-Interim reanalysis UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/qj.828 Y2 - 2013/08/27/15:15:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - North western Alps Holocene paleohydrology recorded by flooding activity in Lake Le Bourget, France AU - Debret, M. AU - Chapron, E. AU - Desmet, M. AU - Rolland-Revel, M. AU - Magand, O. AU - Trentesaux, A. AU - Bout-Roumazeille, V. AU - Nomade, J. AU - Arnaud, F. T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews AB - A 14-m long piston core was retrieved from Lake Le Bourget, NW Alps (France), in order to provide a continuous record of flooding events of the Rhone River during the Holocene. The selection of the coring site was based on high resolution seismic profiling, in an area with limited mass wasting deposits and accumulated proximal Rhone River inter- and underflow deposits. The age-depth model of this core is based on (i) 14 AMS radiocarbon dates, (ii) radionuclide dating (137Cs) and (iii) the identification of historical data (flood events, eutrophication of the lake). The sedimentary record dates back to 9400 cal BP, and includes a thin mass wasting event deposited around 4500 cal BP. A multi-proxy approach was used to track the evolution and origin of clastic sedimentation during the Holocene, in order to identify periods of higher hydrological activity in the catchment area. Spectrophotometry was used to detect fluctuations in clastic supply and the study of clay minerals (especially the Illite crystallinity index) allowed locating the main source area of fine grained clastic particles settling at the lake after flood events. This dataset highlights up to 12 periods of more intense flooding events over the last 9400 years in Lake Le Bourget and shows that the main source area of clastic particles during this period is the upper part of the Arve River drainage basin. This part of the catchment area drains several large glaciers from the Mont-Blanc Massif, and fluctuations in Rhone River flood supply in Lake Le Bourget is interpreted as resulting essentially from Mont-Blanc Glacier activity during the Holocene. The comparison of clastic sedimentation in Lake Le Bourget with periods of increasing land use and periods of Alpine glacier and mid-European lake level fluctuations, suggest that the core LDB04 clastic record in Lake Le Bourget is a continuous proxy of the Holocene hydrological history of the NW Alps. 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The treatment covers a wide range of topics, including ARIMA probability models, forecasting methods, spectral analysis, linear systems, state-space models, and the Kalman filter. It also addresses nonlinear, multivariate, and long-memory models. The author has carefully updated each chapter, added new discussions, incorporated new datasets, and made those datasets available at www.crcpress.com."--BOOK JACKET. CY - Boca Raton, FL DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 DP - Open WorldCat LA - English PB - Chapman & Hall/CRC SN - 1-58488-317-0 978-1-58488-317-3 ST - The analysis of time series ER - TY - CHAP TI - Tree-ring variables as proxy-climate indicators: problems with low-frequency signals AU - Briffa, Keith R. AU - Jones, Philip D. AU - Schweingruber, Fritz H. AU - Karlén, Wibjörn AU - Shiyatov, Stepan G. 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T2 - Atmospheric Research DA - 2009/02// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.06.012 DP - CrossRef VL - 91 IS - 2-4 SP - 564 EP - 573 SN - 01698095 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169809508002305 Y2 - 2013/08/27/13:32:42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An 11,000-year German oak and pine dendrochronology for radiocarbon calibration. 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AU - Böhm, R. T2 - Theoretical and Applied Climatology AB - Using a dense network of carefully tested and homogenized long-term temperature and precipitation data this paper describes climatic variations during the last 150 years for both these important climatic elements. It turned out that the response of precipitation to climate warming is quite different within a small region, of 7 degrees longitude by 2 degrees latitude. In the western parts of Austria an increase of warm and wet climate has occurred, whereas during the same period in the East an increase of warm and dry conditions has occurred. An even larger variety of spatially different trends appears concerning seasonal evolution. The question of climate change cannot be answered in the same way when taking into account larger regions and not only temperature but also other climatic elements. DA - 1994/09/01/ PY - 1994 DO - 10.1007/BF00865531 DP - link.springer.com VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 161 EP - 174 J2 - Theor Appl Climatol LA - en SN - 0177-798X, 1434-4483 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00865531 Y2 - 2013/08/27/13:31:25 KW - Climate change KW - Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution KW - Meteorology/Climatology KW - Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005, 15–42ka. Part 1: constructing the time scale AU - Andersen, Katrine K. AU - Svensson, Anders AU - Johnsen, Sigfus J. AU - Rasmussen, Sune O. AU - Bigler, Matthias AU - Röthlisberger, Regine AU - Ruth, Urs AU - Siggaard-Andersen, Marie-Louise AU - Peder Steffensen, Jørgen AU - Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews DA - 2006/12// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.002 DP - CrossRef VL - 25 IS - 23-24 SP - 3246 EP - 3257 SN - 02773791 ST - The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005, 15–42ka. Part 1 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379106002587 Y2 - 2013/08/28/15:15:10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Guidelines on climate metadata and homogenization. World Climate Programme Data and Monitoring WCDMP-No. 53, WMO-TD No. 1186 AU - Aguilar, E. AU - Auer, I. AU - Brunet, M. AU - Peterson, T. C. AU - Wieringa, J. 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DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-383832-2.00121-3
abgleichen?
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T2 - Journal of Quaternary Science DA - 2000/// PY - 2000 DP - Google Scholar VL - 15 IS - 2 SP - 157 EP - 175 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(200002)15:2%3C157::AID-JQS478%3E3.0.CO;2-K/full Y2 - 2013/08/28/15:24:33 ER - TY - BOOK TI - An introduction to statistical modeling of extreme values AU - Coles, Stuart DA - 2001/// PY - 2001 DP - Google Scholar PB - Springer UR - http://books.google.com/books?hl=ru&lr=&id=2nugUEaKqFEC&oi=fnd&pg=PA2&dq=An+Introduction+to+Statistical+Modelling+of+Extreme+Values&ots=Fb6Eb73P17&sig=lGg-TnPIVJugHnL4AALXqTrexes Y2 - 2013/08/27/15:04:44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Detection and correction of artificial shifts in climate series AU - Caussinus, Henri AU - Mestre, Olivier T2 - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) DA - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DO - 10.1111/j.1467-9876.2004.05155.x DP - CrossRef VL - 53 IS - 3 SP - 405 EP - 425 SN - 0035-9254, 1467-9876 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2004.05155.x Y2 - 2013/08/27/14:53:53 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 2500 years of European climate variability and human susceptibility AU - Büntgen, Ulf AU - Tegel, Willy AU - Nicolussi, Kurt AU - McCormick, Michael AU - Frank, David AU - Trouet, Valerie AU - Kaplan, Jed O. AU - Herzig, Franz AU - Heussner, Karl-Uwe AU - Wanner, Heinz T2 - Science DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Google Scholar VL - 331 IS - 6017 SP - 578 EP - 582 UR - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6017/578.short Y2 - 2013/08/30/09:25:27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Summer Temperature Variations in the European Alps, a.d. 755–2004 AU - Büntgen, Ulf AU - Frank, David C. AU - Nievergelt, Daniel AU - Esper, Jan T2 - Journal of Climate DA - 2006/11// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1175/JCLI3917.1 DP - CrossRef VL - 19 IS - 21 SP - 5606 EP - 5623 SN - 0894-8755, 1520-0442 ST - Summer Temperature Variations in the European Alps, UR - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI3917.1 Y2 - 2013/08/29/05:08:20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Historical Climatology In Europe – The State Of The Art AU - Brázdil, Rudolf AU - Pfister, Christian AU - Wanner, Heinz AU - Storch, Hans Von AU - Luterbacher, JüRg T2 - Climatic Change DA - 2005/06// PY - 2005 DO - 10.1007/s10584-005-5924-1 DP - CrossRef VL - 70 IS - 3 SP - 363 EP - 430 SN - 0165-0009, 1573-1480 UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-005-5924-1 Y2 - 2013/08/27/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - The early instrumental warm-bias: a solution for long central European temperature series 1760–2007 AU - Böhm, Reinhard AU - Jones, Philip D. AU - Hiebl, Johann AU - Frank, David AU - Brunetti, Michele AU - Maugeri, Maurizio T2 - Climatic Change DA - 2009/09/04/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.1007/s10584-009-9649-4 DP - CrossRef VL - 101 IS - 1-2 SP - 41 EP - 67 SN - 0165-0009, 1573-1480 ST - The early instrumental warm-bias UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-009-9649-4 Y2 - 2013/08/27/14:40:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - High-resolution isotope records of early Holocene rapid climate change from two coeval stalagmites of Katerloch Cave, Austria AU - Boch, Ronny AU - Spötl, Christoph AU - Kramers, Jan T2 - Quaternary Science Reviews AB - Two coeval stalagmites from Katerloch Cave show pronounced intervals of low δ18O values around 8.2, 9.1, and 10.0 kyr (all ages are reported before the year 2000 AD) and represent an inorganic U–Th dated climate archive from the southeast of the European Alps, a region where only very few well-dated climate records exist. The O isotope curves, providing near-annual resolution, allow a direct comparison to the Greenland ice core records, as temperature was the primary factor controlling the O isotopic composition of Katerloch speleothems. The 8.2 kyr climate anomaly lasted about one century, from 8196 to 8100 yr, with a maximum amplitude of 1.1‰ at 8175 yr. The event is characterized by a rapid onset and a more gradual demise and U–Th data as well as annual lamina counting support a rapid climate change towards cooler conditions within 10–20 yr. There is no strong evidence that the 8.2 kyr anomaly was superimposed on a pronounced longer-term cooling episode, nor do the new data support two separate cooling events within the 8.2 kyr event as reported by other studies. Our record also shows a distinct climate anomaly around 9.1 kyr, which lasted 70–110 yr and showed a maximum amplitude of 1.0‰, i.e. it had a similar duration and amplitude as the (central) 8.2 kyr event. Compared to the 8.2 kyr event, the 9.1 kyr anomaly shows a more symmetrical structure, but onset and demise still occurred within a few decades only. The different progression of the 8.2 (asymmetrical) and 9.1 kyr anomaly (symmetrical) suggests a fundamental difference in the trigger and/or the response of the climate system. Moreover, both stalagmites show evidence of a climate anomaly around 10.0 kyr, which was of comparable magnitude to the two subsequent events. Using a well constrained modern calibration between air temperature and δ18O of precipitation for the study area and cave monitoring data (confirming speleothem deposition in Katerloch reflecting cave air temperature), a maximum cooling by ca 3 °C can be inferred at 8.2 and 9.1 kyr, which is similar to other estimates, e.g., from Lake Ammersee north of the Alps. The O isotopic composition of meteoric precipitation, however, is a complex tracer of the hydrological cycle and these temperature estimates do not take into account additional effects such as changes in the source area or synoptic shifts. Apart from that, the relative thickness of the seasonally controlled lamina types in the Katerloch stalagmites remains rather constant across the intervals comprising the isotopic anomalies, i.e. the stalagmite petrography argues against major shifts in seasonality during the early Holocene climate excursions. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.015 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 28 IS - 23–24 SP - 2527 EP - 2538 J2 - Quaternary Science Reviews SN - 0277-3791 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027737910900184X Y2 - 2013/08/29/04:56:07 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reconstructing palaeoprecipitation from an active cave flowstone AU - Boch, Ronny AU - Spötl, Christoph T2 - Journal of Quaternary Science AB - Several drill cores were obtained from a laminated, actively forming flowstone from a shallow cave in Austria. Highly resolved petrographic and geochemical analyses combined with multi-annual cave monitoring reveal a distinct sensitivity of flowstone growth and composition to late Holocene meteoric precipitation. The regular sub-millimetre-scale lamination consists of thicker, translucent laminae and thinner (organic) inclusion-rich laminae. There is also a macroscopic millimetre-scale banding of darker and lighter bands comprising several laminae. Stable isotope analyses of drill cores and modern calcite precipitates show a pronounced positive covariation of δ13C and δ18O values indicative of kinetic isotope effects. Comparing the isotope values with petrography shows gradual changes across several of the annual laminae, i.e. changes of several per mille on a multi-annual to decadal timescale. The stable isotope and trace-element composition, as well as the flowstone petrography, are mainly controlled by the variable drip-water discharge controlling the water-film thickness and water residence time on the flowstone surface and consequently the intensity of CO2-degassing, kinetic isotope enrichment and concomitant calcite precipitation. Drill core PFU6 provides an isotope record of the last ca. 3000 years at near-annual resolution. A distinct phase of low C and O isotope values – interpreted as increased discharge and hence higher meteoric precipitation – occurred from ca. 300 to 140 a b2k (second half of the Little Ice Age) and another wet interval occurred around 700 a, corresponding to reported Medieval glacier advances. The Roman Warm Period was also dominated by relatively wet conditions, although significant decadal variability prevailed. Increased precipitation further characterized the intervals from ca. 2480 to 2430 and 2950 to 2770 a. Dry conditions persisted during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, although this trend towards reduced precipitation started earlier. The highest C isotope values of the last 2 ka are recorded around 750 a and another dry phase is centred at 1480 a. This new record shows that inter-annual to decadal oscillations are a dominant mode of variation during the last 3 ka in the Alps. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1002/jqs.1490 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 26 IS - 7 SP - 675 EP - 687 LA - en SN - 1099-1417 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1490/abstract Y2 - 2013/08/29/04:57:17 KW - Precipitation KW - flowstone KW - kinetic isotope fractionation KW - lamination KW - speleothem ER - TY - CHAP TI - Die Bedeutung des Längsees in Kärnten für die Rekonstruktion der Klima- und Seenentwicklung am Ende der letzten Eiszeit AU - Schmidt, R. AU - Drescher-Schneider, R. AU - Huber, K. AU - Weckström, K. T2 - Klimawandel in Österreich - Die letzten 20.000 Jahre und ein Blick voraus A2 - Schmidt, Roland A2 - Matulla, C. A2 - Psenner, R. T3 - Alpine Space - Man and Environment vol. 6 DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 SP - 27 EP - 40 PB - Innsbruck University Press ER - TY - BOOK TI - Le retrait glaciaire dans les vallées des Ormonts, de l'Hongrin et de l'Etivaz (Préalpes Vaudoises). AU - Schoeneich, Philippe T2 - Travaux et Recherches CY - Lausanne DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 DP - Google Books SP - 483 LA - fr M1 - 14 PB - Institut de géographie ER - TY - JOUR TI - Landschaftsentwicklung im Quartär AU - Reitner, J. T2 - Arbeitstagung der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 2005 T3 - Blatt Spittal DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 SP - 63 EP - 81 ER - TY - THES TI - Quartärgeologie und Landschaftsentwicklung im Raum Kitzbühel-St. Johann i.T.- Hopfgarten (Nordtirol) vom Riss bis in das Würm-Spätglazial (MIS 6-2) AU - Reitner, J. CY - Wien DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 M3 - Natwiss. Diss PB - Universität Wien ER - TY - CHAP TI - Das Inngletschersystem während des Würm-Glazials AU - Reitner, Jürgen T2 - Arbeitstagung 2011 der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, Blatt 88 Achenkirch A2 - Gruber, Alfred CY - Wien DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Open WorldCat SP - 79 EP - 88 LA - German PB - Geologische Bundesanstalt SN - 978-3-85316-059-6 3-85316-059-X ER - TY - JOUR TI - Arbeitsergebnisse der Subkommission für Europäische Quartärstratigraphie - Stratotypen des Würmglazials AU - Chaline, J. AU - Jerz, H. T2 - Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart: Jahrbuch der Deutschen Quartärvereinigung A2 - Lang, H. D. DA - 1984/// PY - 1984 IS - 35 SP - 185 EP - 206 UR - http://quaternary-science.publiss.net/system/issues/pdfas/32/original_vol34_no1.pdf?1284106827 Y2 - 2014/03/20/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variations in the Earth's Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages AU - Hays, J. D. AU - Imbrie, John AU - Shackleton, N. J. T2 - Science AB - 1) Three indices of global climate have been monitored in the record of the past 450,000 years in Southern Hemisphere ocean-floor sediments. 2) Over the frequency range 10–4 to 10–5 cycle per year, climatic variance of these records is concentrated in three discrete spectral peaks at periods of 23,000, 42,000, and approximately 100,000 years. These peaks correspond to the dominant periods of the earth's solar orbit, and contain respectively about 10, 25, and 50 percent of the climatic variance. 3) The 42,000-year climatic component has the same period as variations in the obliquity of the earth's axis and retains a constant phase relationship with it. 4) The 23,000-year portion of the variance displays the same periods (about 23,000 and 19,000 years) as the quasi-periodic precession index. 5) The dominant, 100,000-year climatic [See table in the PDF file] component has an average period close to, and is in phase with, orbital eccentricity. Unlike the correlations between climate and the higher-frequency orbital variations (which can be explained on the assumption that the climate system responds linearly to orbital forcing), an explanation of the correlation between climate and eccentricity probably requires an assumption of nonlinearity. 6) It is concluded that changes in the earth's orbital geometry are the fundamental cause of the succession of Quaternary ice ages. 7) A model of future climate based on the observed orbital-climate relationships, but ignoring anthropogenic effects, predicts that the long-term trend over the next sevem thousand years is toward extensive Northern Hemisphere glaciation. DA - 1976/10/12/ PY - 1976 DO - 10.1126/science.194.4270.1121 DP - www.sciencemag.org VL - 194 IS - 4270 SP - 1121 EP - 1132 J2 - Science LA - en SN - 0036-8075, 1095-9203 ST - Variations in the Earth's Orbit UR - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/194/4270/1121 Y2 - 2014/06/06/10:18:25 L1 - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/194/4270/1121.full.pdf L2 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17790893 L2 - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/194/4270/1121 ER - TY - JOUR TI - North Atlantic Current and European environments during the declining stage of the last interglacial AU - Müller, Ulrich C. AU - Kukla, George J. T2 - Geology DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 DO - 10.1130/G20901.1 DP - CrossRef VL - 32 IS - 12 SP - 1009 EP - 1012 SN - 0091-7613 UR - http://geology.gsapubs.org/cgi/doi/10.1130/G20901.1 Y2 - 2013/08/28/14:04:46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A new radiocarbon chronology of Baumkirchen, stratotype for the onset of the Upper Würmian in the Alps AU - Spötl, Christoph AU - Reimer, Paula J. AU - Starnberger, Reinhard AU - Reimer, Ron W. T2 - Journal of Quaternary Science AB - The start of the Upper Würmian in the Alps was marked by massive fluvioglacial aggradation prior to the arrival of the Central Alpine glaciers. In 1984, the Subcommission on European Quaternary Stratigraphy defined the clay pit of Baumkirchen (in the foreland of the Inn Valley, Austria) as the stratotype for the Middle to Upper Würmian boundary in the Alps. Key for the selection of this site was its radiocarbon chronology, which still ranks among the most important datasets of this time interval in the Alps. In this study we re-sampled all available original plant specimens and established an accelerator mass spectrometry chronology which supersedes the published 40-year-old chronology. The new data show a much smaller scatter and yielded slightly older conventional radiocarbon dates clustering at ca. 31 14C ka BP. When calibrated using INTCAL13 the new data suggest that the sampled interval of 653–681 m in the clay pit was deposited 34–36 cal ka BP. Using two new radiocarbon dates of bone fragments found in the fluvioglacial gravel above the banded clays allows us to constrain the timing of the marked change from lacustrine to fluvioglacial sedimentation to ca. 32–33 cal ka BP, which suggests a possible link to the Heinrich 3 event in the North Atlantic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2013/08/01/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1002/jqs.2645 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 28 IS - 6 SP - 552 EP - 558 J2 - J. Quaternary Sci. LA - en SN - 1099-1417 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2645/abstract Y2 - 2014/06/06/10:04:00 L1 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/jqs.2645/asset/jqs2645.pdf?v=1&t=hw3bsq38&s=6468937026730b8f005b16feb5ec07dcc9e7acb0 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2645/abstract KW - Alps KW - Middle Würmian KW - radiocarbon chronology KW - stratotype KW - Upper Würmian ER - TY - JOUR TI - Der Bänderton von Baumkirchen (Inntal, Tirol). Eine neue Schlüsselstelle zur Kenntnis der Würm-Vereisung der Alpen AU - Fliri, F. AU - Bortenschlager, S. AU - Felber, H AU - Heissel, W. AU - Hilscher, H. AU - Resch, W. T2 - Z. Gletscherk. Glazialgeol. DA - 1970/// PY - 1970 VL - 6 SP - 5 EP - 35 ER - TY - MAP TI - Die Schweiz während des letzteiszeitlichen Maximus (LGM) La Suisse durant le dernier maximum glaciaire = La Svizzera durante l'ultimo massimo glaciale = Switzerland during the last glacial maximum AU - Bini, Alfredo AU - Schlüchter, Christian AU - Burkhalter, Reto AU - Urech, Martin AU - Schweiz AU - Landesgeologie C1 - 1:500.000 CY - Wabern DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - Open WorldCat LA - German PB - Bundesamt für Landestopografie Swisstopo SN - 978-3-302-40049-5 3-302-40049-7 UR - http://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/internet/swisstopo/de/home/products/maps/geology/geomaps/LGM-map500.html ER - TY - MAP TI - Die Ostalpen und ihr Vorland in der letzten Eiszeit AU - Van Husen, D. C1 - 1:500.000 CN - K II 1615 CY - Wien DA - 1987/// PY - 1987 DP - Google Scholar LA - Deutsch PB - Verl.d.Geol.Bundesanst. UR - http://opac.geologie.ac.at/ais312/detail.aspx?parentpriref= ER - TY - JOUR TI - Isotope calibrated Greenland temperature record over Marine Isotope Stage 3 and its relation to CH4 AU - Huber, Christof AU - Leuenberger, Markus AU - Spahni, Renato AU - Flückiger, Jacqueline AU - Schwander, Jakob AU - Stocker, Thomas F. AU - Johnsen, Sigfus AU - Landais, Amaelle AU - Jouzel, Jean T2 - Earth and Planetary Science Letters DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DP - Google Scholar VL - 243 IS - 3 SP - 504 EP - 519 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X06000392 Y2 - 2013/08/28/12:30:59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Willendorf II AU - Nigst, P. R. AU - Viola, T. B. AU - Haesaerts, Paul AU - Trnka, Gerhard T2 - Wiss. Mitt. Niederösterr. Landesmuseum DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 VL - 19 SP - 31 EP - 58 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Quaternary Glaciations-Extent and Chronology: Part I: Europe A3 - Ehlers, Jürgen A3 - Gibbard, Philip Leonard CY - Amsterdam DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 DP - Google Scholar VL - 2 SP - 475 PB - Elsevier ST - Quaternary Glaciations-Extent and Chronology UR - http://books.google.com/books?hl=ru&lr=&id=rKsL8CFcdAoC&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=Quaternary+glaciations.+Extent+and+chronology.+Part+I:+Europe.+-+Developments+in+Quaternary+Science&ots=VRK8jb1zXE&sig=UmYK3GtNE4OriSEq3q_97Vnhinc Y2 - 2013/08/28/11:57:56 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A multi-dating approach applied to proglacial sediments attributed to the Most Extensive Glaciation of the Swiss Alps AU - Dehnert, Andreas AU - Preusser, Frank AU - Kramers, Jan D. AU - Akçar, Naki AU - Kubik, Peter W. AU - Reber, Regina AU - Schlüchter, Christian T2 - Boreas AB - Dehnert, A., Preusser, F., Kramers, J. D., Akçar, N., Kubik, P. W., Reber, R. & Schlüchter, C. 2010: A multi-dating approach applied to proglacial sediments attributed to the Most Extensive Glaciation of the Swiss Alps. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 620–632. 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00146.x. ISSN 0300-9483. The number and the timing of Quaternary glaciations of the Alps are poorly constrained and, in particular, the age of the Most Extensive Glaciation (MEG) in Switzerland remains controversial. This ice advance has previously been tentatively correlated with the Riss Glaciation of the classical alpine stratigraphy and with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 (186–127 ka). An alternative interpretation, based on pollen analysis and stratigraphic correlations, places the MEG further back in the Quaternary, with an age equivalent to MIS 12 (474–427 ka), or even older. To re-evaluate this issue in the Swiss glaciation history, a multi-dating approach was applied to proglacial deltaic ‘Höhenschotter’ deposits in locations outside the ice extent of the Last Glacial Maximum. Results of U/Th and luminescence dating suggest a correlation of the investigated deposits with MIS 6 and hence with the Riss Glaciation. Cosmogenic burial dating suffered from large measurement uncertainties and unusually high 26Al/10Be ratios and did not provide robust age estimates. DA - 2010/07/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00146.x DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 620 EP - 632 LA - en SN - 1502-3885 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00146.x/abstract Y2 - 2014/06/06/08:45:31 L1 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00146.x/asset/j.1502-3885.2010.00146.x.pdf?v=1&t=hw38zsvl&s=5d57925f8b7c534807d4820175460ecfdc965b48 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00146.x/abstract;jsessionid=C10E0CF542D5418169D9A0D2E5C11D45.f02t04 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter AU - Penck, A. AU - Brückner, George C. DA - 1901///1909 PY - 1901 DP - Google Scholar VL - 3 PB - Tauchnitz, Leipzig UR - http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/clc/1784872 Y2 - 2013/08/28/14:38:49 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences AU - Wilks, Daniel S. AB - Praise for the First Edition:"I recommend this book, without hesitation, as either a reference or course text...Wilks' excellent book provides a thorough base in applied statistical methods for atmospheric sciences."--BAMS (Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society)Fundamentally, statistics is concerned with managing data and making inferences and forecasts in the face of uncertainty. It should not be surprising, therefore, that statistical methods have a key role to play in the atmospheric sciences. It is the uncertainty in atmospheric behavior that continues to move research forward and drive innovations in atmospheric modeling and prediction.This revised and expanded text explains the latest statistical methods that are being used to describe, analyze, test and forecast atmospheric data. It features numerous worked examples, illustrations, equations, and exercises with separate solutions. Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition will help advanced students and professionals understand and communicate what their data sets have to say, and make sense of the scientific literature in meteorology, climatology, and related disciplines. Accessible presentation and explanation of techniques for atmospheric data summarization, analysis, testing and forecasting Many worked examples End-of-chapter exercises, with answers provided DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DP - Google Books LA - en PB - Academic Press SN - 978-0-12-385022-5 KW - Science / Earth Sciences / Meteorology & Climatology KW - Mathematics / Probability & Statistics / General KW - Science / Earth Sciences / General KW - Science / Physics / Geophysics ER - TY - JOUR TI - Benchmarking monthly homogenization algorithms AU - Venema, V. K. C. AU - Mestre, O. AU - Aguilar, E. AU - Auer, I. AU - Guijarro, J. A. AU - Domonkos, P. AU - Vertacnik, G. AU - Szentimrey, T. AU - Stepanek, P. AU - Zahradnicek, P. AU - Viarre, J. AU - Müller-Westermeier, G. AU - Lakatos, M. AU - Williams, C. N. AU - Menne, M. AU - Lindau, R. AU - Rasol, D. AU - Rustemeier, E. AU - Kolokythas, K. AU - Marinova, T. AU - Andresen, L. AU - Acquaotta, F. AU - Fratianni, S. AU - Cheval, S. AU - Klancar, M. AU - Brunetti, M. AU - Gruber, C. AU - Prohom Duran, M. AU - Likso, T. AU - Esteban, P. AU - Brandsma, T. T2 - Clim. Past Discuss. AB - The COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action ES0601: Advances in homogenization methods of climate series: an integrated approach (HOME) has executed a blind intercomparison and validation study for monthly homogenization algorithms. Time series of monthly temperature and precipitation were evaluated because of their importance for climate studies and because they represent two important types of statistics (additive and multiplicative). The algorithms were validated against a realistic benchmark dataset. The benchmark contains real inhomogeneous data as well as simulated data with inserted inhomogeneities. Random break-type inhomogeneities were added to the simulated datasets modeled as a Poisson process with normally distributed breakpoint sizes. To approximate real world conditions, breaks were introduced that occur simultaneously in multiple station series within a simulated network of station data. The simulated time series also contained outliers, missing data periods and local station trends. Further, a stochastic nonlinear global (network-wide) trend was added. Participants provided 25 separate homogenized contributions as part of the blind study as well as 22 additional solutions submitted after the details of the imposed inhomogeneities were revealed. These homogenized datasets were assessed by a number of performance metrics including (i) the centered root mean square error relative to the true homogeneous value at various averaging scales, (ii) the error in linear trend estimates and (iii) traditional contingency skill scores. The metrics were computed both using the individual station series as well as the network average regional series. The performance of the contributions depends significantly on the error metric considered. Contingency scores by themselves are not very informative. Although relative homogenization algorithms typically improve the homogeneity of temperature data, only the best ones improve precipitation data. Training was found to be very important. Moreover, state-of-the-art relative homogenization algorithms developed to work with an inhomogeneous reference are shown to perform best. The study showed that currently automatic algorithms can perform as well as manual ones. DA - 2011/08/12/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.5194/cpd-7-2655-2011 DP - Copernicus Online Journals VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 2655 EP - 2718 J2 - Clim. Past Discuss. SN - 1814-9359 UR - http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/7/2655/2011/ Y2 - 2014/06/06/07:46:39 L1 - http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/7/2655/2011/cpd-7-2655-2011.pdf L2 - http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/7/2655/2011/ ER - TY - GEN TI - Anleitung zur Qualitätsprüfung mittels Softwarepaket ProClim - Dokumentation für internen Gebrauch AU - Jurkovic, A. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 PB - ZAMG ER - TY - GEN TI - Documentation for ProClimDB Software AU - Stepanek, P. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 ER - TY - GEN TI - Anhang zum Benutzerhandbuch des Datenprüf- und Monitoringsystems QualiMET AU - Streicher, O. DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 ER - TY - GEN TI - Arbeitsanweisung OFFLINE Klimadatenprüfung. Dokumentation für internen Gebrauch AU - Lipa, W. AU - Jurkovic, A. DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 PB - ZAMG ER - TY - CONF TI - Metadata and their role in homogenising AU - Auer, Ingeborg AU - Böhm, Reinhard AU - Scheifinger, Helfried AU - Ungersböck, Markus AU - Orlik, A. AU - Jurkovic, Anita C1 - Budapest, Hungary C3 - Proceedings of the Fourth Seminar for Homogenization and Quality Control in Climatological Databases DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 DP - Google Scholar SP - 17 EP - 23 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Integrative Kooperationsplattform Johnsbachtal - ein langfristig angelegtes Projekt zur Mensch-Umwelt-Forschung in einer komplexen Hochgebirgsregion, Forschungsber. AU - Strasser, U. T2 - Nationalpark Gesäuse A3 - Kreiner, D. CY - Weng, Austria DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 M1 - 6 PB - Nationalpark Gesäuse GmbH ER - TY - RPRT TI - Pionierexperiment WegenerNet Klimastationsnetz: Ein neuartiges Messnetz in der Region Feldbach (Steiermark/Österreich) zur Beobachtung von Wetter und Klima mit sehr hoher Auflösung AU - Kirchengast, Gottfried AU - Kabas, Thomas AU - Binder, Sophia AU - Leuprecht, Armin AU - Bichler, Christoph T2 - Wissenschaftlicher Bericht CY - Graz, Austria. DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 SP - 60 PB - Wegener Center SN - 23 ST - Pionierexperiment WegenerNet Klimastationsnetz UR - https://www.uni-graz.at/igam7www_wcv-wissber-nr23-gkirchengastetal-sep2008.pdf DB - ISBN 978-3-9502615-0-9 Y2 - 2013/08/27/15:39:46 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Räumlich hochaufgelöste Klimatologien von Starkregenereignissen in der Oststeiermark einschließlich der Fokusregion WegenerNet AU - Wallner, Andrea CY - Graz, Austria DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 M3 - Wissenschaftlicher Bericht PB - Wegener Center SN - 24 UR - http://www.uni-graz.at/igam7www_wcv-wissber-nr24-awallner-okt2008.pdf Y2 - 2013/10/03/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - WegenerNet - Klimastationsnetz Region Feldbach: Ein Pionoerexperiment AU - Kabas, Thomas AU - Kirchengast, Gottfried T2 - ÖGM Bulletin A2 - Österreichische Gesellschaft für Meteorologie, Wien, Austria DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 IS - 2009/1 SP - 14 EP - 19 UR - http://www.meteorologie.at/docs/OEGM_bulletin_2009_1.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Wasser & Wirtschaft im Klimawandel. Konkrete Ergebnisse am Beispiel der sensiblen Region Oststeiermark, T2 - Studien zum Klimawandel in Österreich A3 - Prettenthaler, Franz A3 - Dalla-Via, Andreas CY - Wien DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DP - Google Scholar VL - 31 SP - 190 PB - Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften SN - ISBN 978-3-7001-3892-1 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Die Niederschlagsverhältnisse seit 1927 im Sonnblickgebiet nach Totalisatorenmessungen ergänzt durch Messergebnisse von Talstationen nördlich und südlich des Alpenhauptkammes. 86.-87. AU - Auer, I. T2 - Jahresbericht des Sonnblickvereines für die Jahre 1988-1989 DA - 1992/// PY - 1992 DP - Google Scholar SP - 3 EP - 31 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Das Klima des Sonnblicks: Klimaatlas und Klimatographie der GAW Station Sonnblick einschliesslich der umgebenden Gebirgsregion AU - Auer, Ingeborg AU - Böhm, Reinhard AU - Leymüller, Martin AU - Schöner, Wolfgang AU - Kaiser, A. AU - Scheifinger, M. AU - Langer, C. AU - Schneider, C. AU - Häberli, C. T2 - Österr. Beiträge zu Meteorologie und Geophysik DA - 2002/// PY - 2002 DP - Google Scholar SP - 305 PB - , 305 S, 56 Farbkarten, 74 Farbabbildungen, 124 Schwarz-Weiß Abbildungen, 1 A3 Orthophotokarte + CD ROM. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik ST - Das Klima des Sonnblicks ER - TY - JOUR TI - Instruktion für Vegetationsbeobachtungen AU - Fritsch, C. T2 - Jahrbücher der k.k. Centralanstalt für Meteorologie und Erdmagnetismus, V. Band, Jg 1853, Kaiserlich Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei Wien, 51-62 DA - 1858/// PY - 1858 DP - Google Scholar VL - V. Band ER - TY - RPRT TI - Instruktion für Vegetationsbeobachtungen AU - Fritsch, C. T2 - Sitzungsbericht der mathem.-naturw. Classe der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften DA - 1863/// PY - 1863 SN - Sitzung vom 7. Juli 1859. UR - http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/SBAWW_04_0501-0594.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - New Radiation initiatives in Austria: Part I (Monitoring according to BSRN standard AU - Olefs, Marc AU - Schöner, Wolfgang AU - Mair, Martin T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 VL - 13, 8th EGU General Assembly UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2011/EGU2011-1645.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of a longterm dataset of solid/liquid precipitation AU - Chimani, B. AU - Böhm, R. AU - Matulla, C. AU - Ganekind, M. T2 - Adv. Sci. Res. AB - Solid precipitation (mainly snow, but snow and ice pellets or hail as well), is an important parameter for climate studies. But as this parameter usually is not available operationally before the second part of the 20th century and nowadays is not reported by automatic stations, information usable for long term climate studies is rare. Therefore a proxy for the fraction of solid precipitation based on a nonlinear relationship between the percentage of solid precipitation and monthly mean temperature was developed for the Greater Alpine Region of Europe and applied to the existing longterm high resolution temperature and precipitation grids (5 arcmin). In this paper the method is introduced and some examples of the resulting datasets available at monthly resolution for 1800–2003 are given. DA - 2011/02/28/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.5194/asr-6-39-2011 DP - Copernicus Online Journals VL - 6 SP - 39 EP - 43 J2 - Adv. Sci. Res. SN - 1992-0636 UR - http://www.adv-sci-res.net/6/39/2011/ Y2 - 2014/06/05/17:09:16 L1 - http://www.adv-sci-res.net/6/39/2011/asr-6-39-2011.pdf L2 - http://www.adv-sci-res.net/6/39/2011/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - Homogeneity adjustments ofin situ atmospheric climate data: a review AU - Peterson, Thomas C. AU - Easterling, David R. AU - Karl, Thomas R. AU - Groisman, Pavel AU - Nicholls, Neville AU - Plummer, Neil AU - Torok, Simon AU - Auer, Ingeborg AU - Boehm, Reinhard AU - Gullett, Donald AU - Vincent, Lucie AU - Heino, Raino AU - Tuomenvirta, Heikki AU - Mestre, Olivier AU - Szentimrey, Tamás AU - Salinger, James AU - Førland, Eirik J. AU - Hanssen-Bauer, Inger AU - Alexandersson, Hans AU - Jones, Philip AU - Parker, David T2 - International Journal of Climatology DA - 1998/11/15/ PY - 1998 DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(19981115)18:13<1493::AID-JOC329>3.0.CO;2-T DP - CrossRef VL - 18 IS - 13 SP - 1493 EP - 1517 SN - 08998418, 10970088 ST - Homogeneity adjustments of in situ atmospheric climate data UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0088%2819981115%2918%3A13%3C1493%3A%3AAID-JOC329%3E3.0.CO%3B2-T Y2 - 2013/08/27/16:07:47 ER - TY - CONF TI - ALOCLIM–Austrian–Central European long-term climate–creation of a multiple homogenized long-term climate data-set AU - Auer, I. AU - Böhm, R. AU - Schöner, W. AU - Hagen, M. C3 - Proceedings of the Second Seminar for Homogenisation of Surface Climatological Data DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DP - Google Scholar SP - 9 EP - 13 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Lufttemperaturschwankungen in Österreich seit 1775 AU - Böhm, Reinhard T2 - Publikation Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik DA - 1992/// PY - 1992 PB - Zentralanst. für Meteorologie und Geodynamik L2 - http://beluga.sub.uni-hamburg.de/vufind/Record/12407121X ER - TY - RPRT TI - Die Bergstationen Obir und Villacher Alpe: eineinhalb Jahrhunderte Klimamessung und –beobachtung in den Südalpen. AU - Böhm, R. DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 SP - 52 EP - 53 SN - 100. Jahresbericht des Sonnblick Vereines. ER - TY - JOUR TI - Monthly, seasonal and annual temperature reconstructions for Central Europe derived from documentary evidence and instrumental records since AD 1500 AU - Dobrovolný, Petr AU - Moberg, Anders AU - Brázdil, Rudolf AU - Pfister, Christian AU - Glaser, Rüdiger AU - Wilson, Rob AU - Engelen, Aryan van AU - Limanówka, Danuta AU - Kiss, Andrea AU - Halíčková, Monika AU - Macková, Jarmila AU - Riemann, Dirk AU - Luterbacher, Jürg AU - Böhm, Reinhard T2 - Climatic Change AB - Monthly temperature series for Central Europe back to AD 1500 are developed from documentary index series from Germany, Switzerland and the Czech Republic (1500–1854) and 11 instrumental temperature records (1760–2007). Documentary evidence from the Low Countries, the Carpathian Basin and Poland are used for cross-checking for earlier centuries. The instrumental station records are corrected for inhomogeneities, including insufficient radiation protection of early thermometers and the urban heat island effect. For overlapping period (1760–1854), the documentary data series correlate with instrumental temperatures, most strongly in winter (86% explained variance in January) and least in autumn (56% in September). For annual average temperatures, 81% of the variance is explained. Verification statistics indicate high reconstruction skill for most months and seasons. The last 20 years (since 1988) stand out as very likely the warmest 20-year period, accounting for the calibration uncertainty and decreases in proxy data quality before the calibration period. The new reconstruction displays a previously unobserved long-term decrease in DJF, MAM and JJA temperature variability over last five centuries. Compiled monthly, seasonal and annual series can be used to improve the robustness of gridded large-scale European temperature reconstructions and possible impact studies. Further improvement of the reconstruction would be achieved if documentary data from other European countries are further developed. DA - 2010/07/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1007/s10584-009-9724-x DP - link.springer.com VL - 101 IS - 1-2 SP - 69 EP - 107 J2 - Climatic Change LA - en SN - 0165-0009, 1573-1480 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-009-9724-x Y2 - 2014/06/05/16:04:16 L1 - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10584-009-9724-x.pdf L2 - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-009-9724-x KW - Meteorology/Climatology ER - TY - BOOK TI - Speleothem Science: From Process to Past Environments AU - Fairchild, Ian J. AU - Baker, Andy AB - Speleothems (mineral deposits that formed in caves) are currently giving us some of the most exciting insights into environments and climates during the Pleistocene ice ages and the subsequent Holocene rise of civilizations. The book applies system science to Quaternary environments in a new and rigorous way and gives holistic explanations the relations between the properties of speleothems and the climatic and cave setting in which they are found. It is designed as the ideal companion to someone embarking on speleothem research and, since the underlying science is very broad, it will also be invaluable to a wide variety of others. Students and professional scientists interested in carbonate rocks, karst hydrogeology, climatology, aqueous geochemistry, carbonate geochemistry and the calibration of climatic proxies will find up-to-date reviews of these topics here. The book will also be valuable to Quaternary scientists who, up to now, have lacked a thorough overview of these important archives.Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/fairchild/speleothem. CY - Hoboken, N.J DA - 2012/04/30/ PY - 2012 DP - Amazon.com ET - 1 edition SP - 450 LA - English PB - Wiley-Blackwell SN - 978-1-4051-9620-8 ST - Speleothem Science L2 - http://www.amazon.com/Speleothem-Science-Process-Past-Environments/dp/1405196203/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1401980056&sr=1-1&keywords=Speleothem+Science%3A+From+Process+to+Past+Environments ER - TY - JOUR TI - 1400 years of extreme precipitation patterns over the Mediterranean French Alps and possible forcing mechanisms AU - Wilhelm, Bruno AU - Arnaud, Fabien AU - Sabatier, Pierre AU - Crouzet, Christian AU - Brisset, Elodie AU - Chaumillon, Eric AU - Disnar, Jean-Robert AU - Guiter, Frederic AU - Malet, Emmanuel AU - Reyss, Jean-Louis T2 - Quaternary Research DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - Google Scholar VL - 78 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 12 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589412000294 Y2 - 2013/08/30/11:29:09 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Pollen/climate calibration based on a near-annual peat sequence from the Swiss Alps AU - Kamenik, Christian AU - Van der Knaap, Willem O. AU - Van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F. N. AU - Goslar, Tomasz T2 - Journal of Quaternary Science AB - The objective of this study was to develop a high-resolution pollen-based climate inference model (using ‘calibration in time’) for the mire Mauntschas (SE Swiss Alps, 1818 m above sea level). We focused on 11 types of pollen and spores (referred to as pollen for simplicity) for which we produced 150 year (a) time series of accumulation rates and percentages. Dating of these series was based on 29 14C dates from pure Sphagnum, spheroidal carbonaceous particles, larch bud moth events, and an age–depth model that took into account probabilities of calibrated 14C ages, the degree of curvature of the age–depth line and changes in concentrations of all major pollen types. Time resolution was 1–5 a. We first smoothed the series using a 3 a triangular filter, thus removing time-resolution dependent changes in variability, and minimising effects of potential dating uncertainties. Using redundancy analysis, we then studied the simultaneous response of the selected pollen to 288 different combinations of monthly temperature or precipitation data measured at Sils Maria (1798 m above sea level), located 9 km from Mauntschas. From AD 1954 to 2002, mean May–August air temperature from the same year explained most (18.1%) of the variation in pollen accumulation rates. The amount of explained variation dropped to 9.9% after detrending all data with a 50 a high-pass filter, which possibly removed non-climatic trends. Temperature explained more variation among PAR than among pollen percentages; however, during the verification period (AD 1864–1953) the former were potentially affected by dating uncertainties and could not be used. For developing a pollen-based temperature inference model, we tested ordinary least squares regression, time series regression, ridge regression, principal components regression, and partial least squares regression. During the well-dated calibration period (AD 1954–2002), ordinary least squares regression based on percentages of six pollen types turned out to be the most parsimonious model, having a cross-validated root mean square error of prediction of 0.23°C for mean April–November temperature. A comparison of reconstructed with measured temperature from Sils Maria during the verification period showed that the model best reflected long-term (at least decadal-scale) temperature changes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DA - 2009/07/01/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.1002/jqs.1266 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 24 IS - 5 SP - 529 EP - 546 J2 - J. Quaternary Sci. LA - en SN - 1099-1417 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1266/abstract Y2 - 2014/06/05/14:39:41 L1 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/jqs.1266/asset/1266_ftp.pdf?v=1&t=hw267dsp&s=ed480f82bbee39a6c25d188a74f6f1ba79514eea L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.1266/abstract KW - calibration in time KW - high-resolution dating KW - palaeoclimatology KW - PAR KW - pollen accumulation rates ER - TY - CHAP TI - 14C Chronostratigraphic Techniques in Paleolimnology AU - Björck, Svante AU - Wohlfarth, Barbara T2 - Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments A2 - Last, William M. A2 - Smol, John P. T3 - Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research DA - 2001/01/01/ PY - 2001 DP - link.springer.com SP - 205 EP - 245 PB - Springer Netherlands SN - 978-0-7923-6482-5 978-0-306-47669-3 SV - 1 UR - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-306-47669-X_10 Y2 - 2014/06/05/14:03:32 L1 - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F0-306-47669-X_10.pdf L2 - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-306-47669-X_10 KW - Hydrogeology KW - lake sediments KW - Geochemistry KW - Geosciences, general KW - Organic Chemistry KW - Physical Chemistry KW - Sedimentology KW - 14C calibration KW - 14C dating KW - absolute dating techniques KW - chronostratigraphic tool KW - dating strategies KW - high resolution dating KW - sources of error ER - TY - CHAP TI - Chronostratigraphic Techniques in Recent Sediments AU - Appleby, P. G. T2 - Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments A2 - Last, William M. A2 - Smol, John P. T3 - Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research DA - 2001/01/01/ PY - 2001 DP - link.springer.com SP - 171 EP - 203 PB - Springer Netherlands SN - 978-0-7923-6482-5 978-0-306-47669-3 SV - 1 UR - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-306-47669-X_9 Y2 - 2014/06/05/13:59:23 L1 - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F0-306-47669-X_9.pdf L2 - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-306-47669-X_9?no-access=true KW - Hydrogeology KW - lake sediments KW - 137Cs KW - 210Pb KW - 241Am KW - Dating KW - fallout KW - Geochemistry KW - Geosciences, general KW - Organic Chemistry KW - Physical Chemistry KW - radionuclides KW - Sedimentology ER - TY - CHAP TI - Glacier-Climate Models as Palaeoclimatic Information Sources: Examples from the Alpine Younger Dryas Period AU - Kerschner, Hanns T2 - Global Change and Mountain Regions A2 - Huber, Uli M. A2 - Bugmann, Harald K. M. A2 - Reasoner, Mel A. CY - Berlin/Heidelberg DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 DP - CrossRef VL - 23 SP - 73 EP - 81 PB - Springer-Verlag SN - 1-4020-3506-3 ST - Glacier-Climate Models as Palaeoclimatic Information Sources UR - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/1-4020-3508-X_8.pdf#page-1 Y2 - 2013/08/26/17:07:25 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Analyse der Effizienz der Hagelabwehr in der Steiermark anhand von Fallbeispielen AU - Pachatz, Gunter C. A2 - Wegener Zentrum für Klima und Globalen Wandel CN - ISBN 3-9502126-0-4 DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 DP - Google Scholar M3 - Uni-Graz-IGAM Wissenschaftlicher Bericht SN - 3-2005 UR - http://wegc203116.uni-graz.at/publ/wegcreports/2005/WCV-WissBer-No03-GPachatz-Okt2005.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Zeitreise durch die Technik in der Meteorologie AU - Zimmermann, Kurt T2 - ÖGM Bulletin, ZAMG A2 - Österreichische Gesellschaft für Meteorologie DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 VL - 2009/2 UR - http://www.meteorologie.at/docs/OEGM_bulletin_2009_2.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scandinavian storminess since about 1800 AU - Bärring, Lars AU - von Storch, Hans T2 - Geophysical Research Letters DA - 2004/// PY - 2004 DP - Google Scholar VL - 31 IS - 20 SP - L20202 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2004GL020441/full Y2 - 2013/08/30/12:39:47 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Zwei Alpentäler im Klimawandel AU - Auer, Ingeborg AU - Prettenthaler, Franz AU - Böhm, Reinhard AU - Proske, Herwig T2 - Alpine space - man and environment DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - Google Scholar SP - 11199 PB - Innsbruck University Press UR - http://www2.sbg.ac.at/pr/fotos/Auer.pdf Y2 - 2013/08/30/12:02:15 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ein neuer Datensatz für die Klimaforschung – homogenisierte Tagesdaten. AU - Nemec, J. AU - Chimani, B. AU - Gruber, C. AU - Auer, I. T2 - ÖGM Bulletin A2 - Österreichische Gesellschaft für Meteorologie DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 VL - 2011/1 SP - 19 EP - 20 ER - TY - JOUR TI - 200 years of liquid and solid precipitation in major river systems originating in the Greater Alpine Region AU - Haslinger, K. AU - Chimani, B. AU - Böhm, R. T2 - Geophysical Research Abstracts T3 - EGU 2012-1798, EGU General Assembly 2011 DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Google Scholar VL - 14 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2011/EGU2011-7861.pdf Y2 - 2013/08/30/12:55:33 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Räumliche Dekorrelation von Klimazeitreihen unterschiedlicher zeitlicher Auflösung und ihre Bedeutung für ihre Homogenisierbarkeit und die Repräsentativität von Ergebnissen AU - Scheifinger, Helfried AU - Böhm, Reinhard AU - Auer, Ingeborg T2 - Terra Nostra DA - 2003/// PY - 2003 DP - Google Scholar VL - 6 SP - 375 EP - 379 UR - http://www.zamg.ac.at/histalp/downloads/abstract/Scheifinger-etal-2003-F.pdf Y2 - 2013/08/30/13:56:11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Indices for daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe analyzed for the period 1901–2000 AU - Moberg, Anders AU - Jones, Philip D. AU - Lister, David AU - Walther, Alexander AU - Brunet, Manola AU - Jacobeit, Jucundus AU - Alexander, Lisa V. AU - Della-Marta, Paul M. AU - Luterbacher, Jürg AU - Yiou, Pascal AU - Chen, Deliang AU - Klein Tank, Albert M. G. AU - Saladié, Oscar AU - Sigró, Javier AU - Aguilar, Enric AU - Alexandersson, Hans AU - Almarza, Carlos AU - Auer, Ingeborg AU - Barriendos, Mariano AU - Begert, Michael AU - Bergström, Hans AU - Böhm, Reinhard AU - Butler, C. J. AU - Caesar, John AU - Drebs, Achim AU - Founda, Dmitra AU - Gerstengarbe, Friedrich-Wilhelm AU - Micela, Giusi AU - Maugeri, Maurizio AU - Österle, Hermann AU - Pandzic, Kreso AU - Petrakis, Michael AU - Srnec, Lidija AU - Tolasz, Radim AU - Tuomenvirta, Heikki AU - Werner, Peter C. AU - Linderholm, Hans AU - Philipp, Andreas AU - Wanner, Heinz AU - Xoplaki, Elena T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research DA - 2006/11/18/ PY - 2006 DO - 10.1029/2006JD007103 DP - CrossRef VL - 111 IS - D22 SP - D22106 SN - 0148-0227 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2006JD007103 Y2 - 2013/08/30/11:47:44 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation: A Special Report of Woking Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AU - IPCC A3 - Field, Christopher B. A3 - Barros, Vicente A3 - Stocker, Thomas F. A3 - Dahe, Qin A3 - Dokken, D. J. A3 - Ebi, K.L. A3 - Mastrandrea, M.D. A3 - Mach, K.J. A3 - Plattner, G.-K. A3 - Allen, S.K. A3 - Tignor, M. A3 - Midgley, P.M. AB - This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SREX) explores the challenge of understanding and managing the risks of climate extremes to advance climate change adaptation. Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters. Changes in the frequency and severity of the physical events affect disaster risk, but so do the spatially diverse and temporally dynamic patterns of exposure and vulnerability. Some types of extreme weather and climate events have increased in frequency or magnitude, but populations and assets at risk have also increased, with consequences for disaster risk. Opportunities for managing risks of weather- and climate-related disasters exist or can be developed at any scale, local to international. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, SREX is an invaluable assessment for anyone interested in climate extremes, environmental disasters, and adaptation to climate change, including policymakers, the private sector, and academic researchers. CY - Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA DA - 2012/05/28/ PY - 2012 DP - Google Books SP - 582 LA - en PB - Cambridge University Press SN - 978-1-107-02506-6 ST - Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation UR - http://ipcc-wg2.gov/SREX/images/uploads/SREX-All_FINAL.pdf Y2 - 2013/09/25/ N1 -