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ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of recent (1994) black carbon data with those obtained in 1985 and 1986 in the urban area of Vienna, Austria: implications for future environmental policy decisions AU - Hitzenberger, R. AU - Fohler-Norek, C. AU - Dusek, U. AU - Galambos, Z. AU - Sidla, S. T2 - Science of The Total Environment DA - 1996/10// PY - 1996 DO - 10.1016/0048-9697(96)05219-9 DP - CrossRef VL - 189-190 SP - 275 EP - 280 SN - 00489697 ST - Comparison of recent (1994) black carbon data with those obtained in 1985 and 1986 in the urban area of Vienna, Austria UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0048969796052199 Y2 - 2013/08/25/07:00:30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Black carbon (BC) in alpine aerosols and cloud water—concentrations and scavenging efficiencies AU - Hitzenberger, R. AU - Berner, A. AU - Giebl, H. AU - Drobesch, K. AU - Kasper-Giebl, A. AU - Loeflund, M. AU - Urban, H. AU - Puxbaum, H. T2 - Atmospheric Environment AB - During April 1999 and March 2000, intensive field campaigns were performed on a mid-level mountain (Rax, 1644 m a.s.l.) in Central Europe both under out-of-cloud and in-cloud conditions. The black carbon (BC) content of both aerosol and cloud water as well as BC scavenging efficiencies of Rax clouds were measured. As a tracer for the non-carbonaceous aerosol, sulfate was used. Although BC concentrations on Rax were low (April 1999 out-of-cloud average: 0.43 μg/m3, March 2000: 0.72 μg/m3), the BC mass fraction of the aerosol was fairly high (1999: 3.5%, 2000: 6.4%). Average BC concentrations in cloud water were 1.09 μg/ml (1999) and 1.4 μg/ml (2000). These values are far higher than literature values, but comparable to those found in an earlier study (J. Geophys. Res. 105 (D20) (2000) 24637) at a high-level mountain (Sonnblick, 3106 m a.s.l.) some 200 km distant from Rax. The average BC scavenging efficiency of the Rax clouds in March 2000 was 0.54. The increase of scavenging efficiency with increasing liquid water content of the clouds found earlier on Sonnblick for sulfate and aerosol carbon (J. Atmos. Chem 35 (2000) 33), organic carbon (J. Geophys. Res. 105 (2000) 19857), and BC (J. Geophys. Res. 105 (D20) (2000) 24637) was also confirmed on Rax. DA - 2001/// PY - 2001 DO - 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00312-0 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 35 IS - 30 SP - 5135 EP - 5141 J2 - Atmospheric Environment SN - 1352-2310 ST - Visibility, Aerosol and Atmospheric Optics UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231001003120 Y2 - 2013/08/25/11:34:08 KW - Aerosol cloud interaction KW - In-cloud black carbon (BC) KW - Scavenging efficiency ER - TY - JOUR TI - Absorption coefficients and mass concentrations of the urban aerosol of Vienna, Austria, during the years 1985 and 1986 AU - Hitzenberger, Regina M. T2 - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution DA - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DO - 10.1007/BF00475516 DP - CrossRef VL - 71 IS - 1-2 SP - 131 EP - 153 SN - 0049-6979, 1573-2932 UR - http://pisces.boku.ac.at/han/scopus/www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027692970&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=Absorption+coefficients+and+mass+concentrations+of+the+urban+aerosol+of+Vienna&sid=4C0150818745F056D7842DF7E138E873.Vdktg6RVtMfaQJ4pNTCQ%3a160&sot=q&sdt=b&sl=98&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Absorption+coefficients+and+mass+concentrations+of+the+urban+aerosol+of+Vienna%29&relpos=2&relpos=2&citeCnt=17&searchTerm=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Absorption+coefficients+and+mass+concentrations+of+the+urban+aerosol+of+Vienna%29 Y2 - 2013/08/25/06:56:59 ER - TY - THES TI - Modellierung des indirekten Strahlungseffekts des Hintergrundaerosols in Österreich AU - Neubauer, David AB - Aerosolpartikel und Treibhausgase sind die beiden wichtigsten Faktoren die zum anthropogenen Klimawandel beitragen. In dieser Arbeit wird der indirekte Aerosoleffekt simuliert. Die Effekte von schwarzem Kohlenstoff werden untersucht. Üblicherweise verwenden Modelle Aerosol- und Wolkendaten die unabhängig voneinander gemessen wurden. Das Modell, das in dieser Arbeit entwickelt wurde verwendet simultan gemessene Werte für das Aerosol und die daraus hervorgehende Wolke. Die Aerosol- und Wolkendaten die im Modell verwendet werden, wurden im Rahmen des FWF Projekt P 131 43-CHE im Jahr 2000 in einer Messkampagne auf einem Berg in der Nähe von Wien (Rax, 1680 m ü.d.M.) gewonnen. Das Simulationsmodell besteht aus zwei Teilen, einem Wolkentröpfchenwachstumsmodell und einem Strahlungsmodell. Das Wachstumsmodell für die Wolkentröpfchen berechnet die Wolkentröpfchengrößenverteilung für gemessene Aerosolpartikelgrößenverteilungen. Der gemessene Flüssigwassergehalt der realen Wolken gibt vor welche der berechneten Wolkentröpfchengrößenverteilungen für die weiteren Rechnungen verwendet werden. Das Strahlungsmodell berechnet dann den Strahlungsantrieb für diese Wolkentröpfchengrößenverteilungen. Das Wolkenmodell ist ein Wolkenpaketmodell, das ein aufsteigendes Luftpaket beschreibt welches die Wolkentröpfchen enthält. Turbulente Diffusion (die wichtig für stratiforme Wolken ist) ist durch einen einfachen Ansatz realisiert. Das Modell beinhaltet Nukleation, Kondensation, Koagulation und Strahlungseinflüsse. Durch die Erwärmung/Abkühlung der Tröpfchen durch Strahlung kann sich die Temperatur und die kritische Übersättigung der Tröpfchen ändern. Für die Strahlungstransferrechnungen wurde das frei erhältliche Strahlungstransferprogramm ‚Streamer’ für diese Arbeit angepasst. ‚Streamer’ berücksichtigt die Streuung und Absorption durch atmosphärische Gase und Aerosolpartikel im ganzen Spektralbereich. Für die Albedo der Erdoberfläche gibt es vordefinierte Typen oder die Albedo kann angegeben werden. Die Strahlungseigenschaften der Wolken hängen von den Einzelstreuparametern der Wolkentröpfchen ab, die wiederum von der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Wolkentröpfchen abhängt. In dieser Arbeit wird angenommen, dass die Wolkentröpfchen aus Wasser und schwarzem Kohlenstoff bestehen. Verschiedene Mischungsarten für schwarzen Kohlenstoff in den Wolkentröpfchen werden für die Berechnungen verwendet. Die Absorption von Sonnenstrahlung kann sich stark erhöhen wenn schwarzer Kohlenstoff in den Tröpfchen ist.\\ Die Sensitivitätsanalyse hat ergeben, dass der Strahlungsantrieb des indirekten Effekts stark von der geometrischen Wolkendicke, der Kurzwellen-Albedo der Erdoberfläche und der Auftriebsgeschwindigkeit des Wolkenpakets abhängt. Für eine Wolkendicke von 100 m, eine Auftriebsgeschwindigkeit von 0,35 m/s und eine Kurzwellen-Albedo von 0,35 (Eis) beträgt der Strahlungsantrieb -0,57 W/m², für eine Kurzwellen-Albedo von 0,0 (frischer Schnee) beträgt er -0,15 W/m² im Mittel für die gesamte Dauer der Messkampagne. Der schwarze Kohlenstoff bewirkt einen positiven Strahlungsantrieb von 0,02 W/m². CY - wien DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DP - othes.univie.ac.at SP - 245 S. : graph. Darst. M3 - phd PB - uniwien UR - http://othes.univie.ac.at/8313/ Y2 - 2013/08/25/14:55:19 KW - 33.00 Physik: Allgemeines KW - 43.47 Globale Umweltprobleme ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determination of saccharides in atmospheric aerosol using anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography and pulsed-amperometric detection AU - Caseiro, Alexandre AU - Marr, Iain L. AU - Claeys, Magda AU - Kasper-Giebl, Anne AU - Puxbaum, Hans AU - Pio, Casimiro A. T2 - Journal of Chromatography A DA - 2007/11// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.038 DP - CrossRef VL - 1171 IS - 1-2 SP - 37 EP - 45 SN - 00219673 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021967307015592 Y2 - 2013/08/24/15:43:42 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Enzymatic determination of the cellulose content of atmospheric aerosols AU - Kunit, M. AU - Puxbaum, H. T2 - Atmospheric Environment DA - 1996/04// PY - 1996 DO - 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00429-7 DP - CrossRef VL - 30 IS - 8 SP - 1233 EP - 1236 SN - 13522310 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1352231095004297 Y2 - 2013/08/25/13:45:08 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Chemical characterisation of particle emissions from burning leaves AU - Schmidl, Christoph AU - Bauer, Heidi AU - Dattler, Astrid AU - Hitzenberger, Regina AU - Weissenboeck, Gerlinde AU - Marr, Iain L. AU - Puxbaum, Hans T2 - Atmospheric Environment DA - 2008/12// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.010 DP - CrossRef VL - 42 IS - 40 SP - 9070 EP - 9079 SN - 13522310 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231008008406 Y2 - 2013/08/25/15:47:30 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Measurements of CCN-concentrations in the European alpine aerosol using a newly developed static thermal diffusion counter AU - Hitzenberger, R. AU - Giebl, H. AU - Berner, A. AU - Kromp, R. AU - Reischl, G. AU - Kasper-Giebl, A. AU - Puxbaum, H. T2 - AIP Conference Proceedings AB - The CCN counter developed at the University of Vienna operates on the principle of a static thermal diffusion chamber. Since 1997, it was used to obtain CCN concentrations in the European alpine background aerosol during intensive measurement campaigns. The 1997 campaign was performed on Mt. Sonnblick (3104 m a.s.l.), while in 1999 and 2000, intensive campaigns were performed on Mt. Rax (1644 m a.s.l.). CCN concentrations at 0.5% supersaturation were found to be comparable ar both sites and also comparable to earlier measurements performed with a commercial CCN counter (DH Associates) on Mt. Sonnblick. Simultaneous measurements of CCN concentration, aerosol number size distribution (measured with a differential mobility particle spectrometer) and cloud liquid water content provided insights into the aerosol/cloud dynamics on Mt. Rax © 2000 American Institute of Physics. DA - 2000/08/02/ PY - 2000 DO - 10.1063/1.1361995 DP - AIP VL - 534 IS - 1 SP - 861 EP - 864 SN - 0094243X UR - http://proceedings.aip.org/resource/2/apcpcs/534/1/861_1?isAuthorized=no Y2 - 2013/08/25/11:32:22 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Statistical dependence in input data of national greenhouse gas inventories: effects on the overall inventory uncertainty AU - Winiwarter, Wilfried AU - Muik, Barbara T2 - Climatic Change DA - 2010/07/14/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1007/s10584-010-9921-7 DP - CrossRef VL - 103 IS - 1-2 SP - 19 EP - 36 SN - 0165-0009, 1573-1480 ST - Statistical dependence in input data of national greenhouse gas inventories UR - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-010-9921-7 Y2 - 2013/08/25/16:48:19 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Microbial nitrogen turnover in soils under different types of natural forest AU - Hackl, Evelyn AU - Bachmann, Gert AU - Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie T2 - Forest Ecology and Management DA - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2003.07.014 DP - CrossRef VL - 188 IS - 1-3 SP - 101 EP - 112 SN - 03781127 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S037811270300392X Y2 - 2013/08/24/16:33:11 ER - TY - ELEC TI - Energiebilanzen. AU - Statistik Austria T2 - Statistik Austria. DA - 0000/09/24/Sept 24 PY - 0000 UR - http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/energie_und_umwelt/energie/energiebilanzen/index.html ER - TY - JOUR TI - Determination of water and alkaline extractable atmospheric humic-like substances with the TU Vienna HULIS analyzer in samples from six background sites in Europe AU - Feczko, T. AU - Puxbaum, H. AU - Kasper-Giebl, A. AU - Handler, M. AU - Limbeck, A. AU - Gelencsér, A. AU - Pio, C. AU - Preunkert, S. AU - Legrand, M. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research DA - 2007/10/05/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.1029/2006JD008331 DP - CrossRef VL - 112 IS - D23 SN - 0148-0227 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2006JD008331 Y2 - 2013/08/24/16:21:10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Carbon-Specific Analysis of Humic-like Substances in Atmospheric Aerosol and Precipitation Samples AU - Limbeck, Andreas AU - Handler, Markus AU - Neuberger, Bernhard AU - Klatzer, Barbara AU - Puxbaum, Hans T2 - Analytical Chemistry DA - 2005/11// PY - 2005 DO - 10.1021/ac050953l DP - CrossRef VL - 77 IS - 22 SP - 7288 EP - 7293 SN - 0003-2700, 1520-6882 UR - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac050953l Y2 - 2013/08/25/13:55:01 ER - TY - RPRT TI - BOKU-Met Report 15 Gesundheitsrisiken für die österreichische Bevölkerung durch die Abnahme des stratosphärischen Ozons AU - Simic, Stana AU - Schmalwieser, Alois W. AU - Moshammer, Hanns CY - Wien DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 M3 - Endbericht zum Projekt StartClim2007.B. Auftraggeber: Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung; Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit; Österreichische Hagelversicherung; Verbund AHP; Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, Familie und Jugend PB - Institut für Meteorologie (BOKU-Met) Department Wasser – Atmosphäre – Umwelt Universität für Bodenkultur Wien SN - BOKU-Met Report 15 UR - http://www.boku.ac.at/met/report/BOKU-Met_Report_15_online.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation AU - Kirkby, Jasper AU - Curtius, Joachim AU - Almeida, João AU - Dunne, Eimear AU - Duplissy, Jonathan AU - Ehrhart, Sebastian AU - Franchin, Alessandro AU - Gagné, Stéphanie AU - Ickes, Luisa AU - Kürten, Andreas AU - Kupc, Agnieszka AU - Metzger, Axel AU - Riccobono, Francesco AU - Rondo, Linda AU - Schobesberger, Siegfried AU - Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios AU - Wimmer, Daniela AU - Amorim, Antonio AU - Bianchi, Federico AU - Breitenlechner, Martin AU - David, André AU - Dommen, Josef AU - Downard, Andrew AU - Ehn, Mikael AU - Flagan, Richard C. AU - Haider, Stefan AU - Hansel, Armin AU - Hauser, Daniel AU - Jud, Werner AU - Junninen, Heikki AU - Kreissl, Fabian AU - Kvashin, Alexander AU - Laaksonen, Ari AU - Lehtipalo, Katrianne AU - Lima, Jorge AU - Lovejoy, Edward R. AU - Makhmutov, Vladimir AU - Mathot, Serge AU - Mikkilä, Jyri AU - Minginette, Pierre AU - Mogo, Sandra AU - Nieminen, Tuomo AU - Onnela, Antti AU - Pereira, Paulo AU - Petäjä, Tuukka AU - Schnitzhofer, Ralf AU - Seinfeld, John H. AU - Sipilä, Mikko AU - Stozhkov, Yuri AU - Stratmann, Frank AU - Tomé, Antonio AU - Vanhanen, Joonas AU - Viisanen, Yrjo AU - Vrtala, Aron AU - Wagner, Paul E. AU - Walther, Hansueli AU - Weingartner, Ernest AU - Wex, Heike AU - Winkler, Paul M. AU - Carslaw, Kenneth S. AU - Worsnop, Douglas R. AU - Baltensperger, Urs AU - Kulmala, Markku T2 - Nature DA - 2011/08/24/ PY - 2011 DO - 10.1038/nature10343 DP - CrossRef VL - 476 IS - 7361 SP - 429 EP - 433 SN - 0028-0836, 1476-4687 UR - http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature10343 Y2 - 2013/08/25/13:34:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Contribution of carbonaceous material to cloud condensation nuclei concentrations in European background (Mt. Sonnblick) and urban (Vienna) aerosols AU - Hitzenberger, R. AU - Berner, A. AU - Giebl, H. AU - Kromp, R. AU - Larson, S.M. AU - Rouc, A. AU - Koch, A. AU - Marischka, S. AU - Puxbaum, H. T2 - Atmospheric Environment AB - During four intensive measurement campaigns (two on Mt. Sonnblick, European background aerosol, and two in Vienna, urban aerosol), cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were measured at supersaturations of 0.5%. Impactor measurements of the mass size distribution in the size range 0.1–10 μm were performed and later analyzed for Cl-, NO-3, SO2-4, Na+, NH+4, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ by ion chromatography, for total carbon (TC) using a combustion method, and for black carbon (BC) by an optical method (integrating sphere). Organic carbon (OC) was defined as the difference between TC (minus carbonate carbon) and BC. At all sites, the mass fraction of BC in the submicron aerosol was comparable (4–5%). CCN concentrations on Mt. Sonnblick were found to be 10–30% of those measured in Vienna, although high Mt. Sonnblick concentrations were comparable to low Vienna concentrations (around 800 cm-3). The contribution of organic material was estimated from the mass concentrations of the chemical species sampled on the impactor stage with the lowest cut point (0.1–0.215 μm aerodynamic equivalent diameter). On Mt. Sonnblick, TC material contributed 11% to the total mass in fall 1995, and 67% in summer 1996, while the OC fraction was 6 and 61%. The combined electrolytes and mineral material contributed 18 and 16% in fall and summer. During the Vienna spring campaign, the contributions of OC and electrolytes to the total mass concentration in this size range were 48 and 36%, respectively. DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DO - 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00391-4 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 33 IS - 17 SP - 2647 EP - 2659 J2 - Atmospheric Environment SN - 1352-2310 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231098003914 Y2 - 2013/08/25/11:27:32 KW - black carbon KW - Cloud condensation nuclei KW - European aerosol KW - Organic carbon ER - TY - JOUR TI - Size distributions of soot and other constituents of the atmospheric aerosol AU - Berner, A. AU - Sidla, S. AU - Galambos, Z. AU - Kruisz, C. AU - Hitzenberger, R. AU - ten Brink, H. M. AU - Kos, G. P. A. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 DP - Google Scholar VL - 101 SP - 19559 EP - 19565 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of particulate number concentrations in three Central European capital cities AU - Borsós, T. AU - Řimnáčová, D. AU - Ždímal, V. AU - Smolík, J. AU - Wagner, Z. AU - Weidinger, T. AU - Burkart, J. AU - Steiner, G. AU - Reischl, G. AU - Hitzenberger, R. AU - Schwarz, J. AU - Salma, I. T2 - Science of The Total Environment DA - 2012/09// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.052 DP - CrossRef VL - 433 SP - 418 EP - 426 SN - 00489697 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969712008789 Y2 - 2013/08/24/13:49:24 ER - TY - JOUR TI - O2+ as reagent ion in the PTR-MS instrument: Detection of gas-phase ammonia AU - Norman, Michael AU - Hansel, Armin AU - Wisthaler, Armin T2 - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry DA - 2007/09// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1016/j.ijms.2007.06.010 DP - CrossRef VL - 265 IS - 2-3 SP - 382 EP - 387 SN - 13873806 ST - O2+ as reagent ion in the PTR-MS instrument UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1387380607002515 Y2 - 2013/08/25/14:58:24 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Single-particle mass spectrometry of tropospheric aerosol particles AU - Murphy, D. M. AU - Cziczo, D. J. AU - Froyd, K. D. AU - Hudson, P. K. AU - Matthew, B. M. AU - Middlebrook, A. M. AU - Peltier, R. E. AU - Sullivan, A. AU - Thomson, D. S. AU - Weber, R. J. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research DA - 2006/09/30/ PY - 2006 DO - 10.1029/2006JD007340 DP - CrossRef VL - 111 IS - D23 SN - 0148-0227 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2006JD007340 Y2 - 2013/08/25/14:53:35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues AU - Hallquist, M. AU - Wenger, J. C. AU - Baltensperger, U. AU - Rudich, Y. AU - Simpson, D. AU - Claeys, M. AU - Dommen, J. AU - Donahue, N. M. AU - George, C. AU - Goldstein, A. H. AU - Hamilton, J. F. AU - Herrmann, H. AU - Hoffmann, T. AU - Iinuma, Y. AU - Jang, M. AU - Jenkin, M. E. AU - Jimenez, J. L. AU - Kiendler-Scharr, A. AU - Maenhaut, W. AU - McFiggans, G. AU - Mentel, Th. F. AU - Monod, A. AU - Prévôt, A. S. H. AU - Seinfeld, J. H. AU - Surratt, J. D. AU - Szmigielski, R. AU - Wildt, J. T2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 DO - 10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009 DP - Copernicus Online Journals VL - 9 IS - 14 SP - 5155 EP - 5236 J2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. SN - 1680-7324 ST - The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol UR - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/5155/2009/ Y2 - 2013/08/24/16:34:54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inverse modelling of national and European CH4 emissions using the atmospheric zoom model TM5 AU - Bergamaschi, P. AU - Krol, M. AU - Dentener, F. AU - Vermeulen, A. AU - Meinhardt, F. AU - Graul, R. AU - Ramonet, M. AU - Peters, W. AU - Dlugokencky, E. J. T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AB - A synthesis inversion based on the atmospheric zoom model TM5 is used to derive top-down estimates of CH4 emissions from individual European countries for the year 2001. We employ a model zoom over Europe with 1\degre × 1\degre resolution that is two-way nested into the global model domain (with resolution of 6\degre × 4\degre. This approach ensures consistent boundary conditions for the zoom domain and thus European top-down estimates consistent with global CH4 observations. The TM5 model, driven by ECMWF analyses, simulates synoptic scale events at most European and global sites fairly well, and the use of high-frequency observations allows exploiting the information content of individual synoptic events. A detailed source attribution is presented for a comprehensive set of 56 monitoring sites, assigning the atmospheric signal to the emissions of individual European countries and larger global regions. The available observational data put significant constraints on emissions from different regions. Within Europe, in particular several Western European countries are well constrained. The inversion results suggest up to 50-90% higher anthropogenic CH4 emissions in 2001 for Germany, France and UK compared to reported UNFCCC values (EEA, 2003). A recent revision of the German inventory, however, resulted in an increase of reported CH4 emissions by 68.5% (EEA, 2004), being now in very good agreement with our top-down estimate. The top-down estimate for Finland is distinctly smaller than the a priori estimate, suggesting much smaller CH4 emissions from Finnish wetlands than derived from the bottom-up inventory. The EU-15 totals are relatively close to UNFCCC values (within 4-30%) and appear very robust for different inversion scenarios. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 DP - HAL Archives Ouvertes VL - 5 IS - 9 LA - Anglais UR - http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00328403 Y2 - 2013/08/24/13:40:08 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Large-scale controls on potential respiration and denitrification in riverine floodplains AU - Welti, Nina AU - Bondar-Kunze, Elisabeth AU - Singer, Gabriel AU - Tritthart, Michael AU - Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie AU - Hein, Thomas AU - Pinay, Gilles T2 - Ecological Engineering AB - Restoration measures of deteriorated river ecosystems generally aim at increasing the spatial heterogeneity and connectivity of these systems in order to increase biodiversity and ecosystem stability. While this is believed to benefit overall ecological integrity, consequences of such restoration projects on biogeochemical processes per se (i.e. ecosystem functioning) in fluvial systems are rarely considered. We address these issues by evaluating the characteristics of surface water connection between side arms and the main river channel in a former braided river section and the role and degree of connectivity (i.e. duration of surface water connection) on the sediment biogeochemistry. We hypothesized that potential respiration and denitrification would be controlled by the degree of hydrological connectivity, which was increased after floodplain restoration. We measured potential microbial respiration (SIR) and denitrification (DEA) and compared a degraded floodplain section of the Danube River with a reconnected and restored floodplain in the same river section. Re-establishing surface water connection altered the controls on sediment microbial respiration and denitrification ultimately impacting potential microbial activities. Meta-variables were created to characterize the effects of hydrology, morphology, and the available carbon and nutrient pools on potential microbial processing. Mantel statistics and path analysis were performed and demonstrate a hierarchy where the effects of hydrology on the available substrates and microbial processing are mediated by the morphology of the floodplain. In addition, these processes are highest in the least connected sites. Surface water connection, mediated by morphology regulates the potential denitrification rate and the ratio of N2O to N2 emissions, demonstrating the effects of restoration in floodplain systems. DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.02.005 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 42 SP - 73 EP - 84 J2 - Ecological Engineering SN - 0925-8574 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857412000559 Y2 - 2013/09/07/19:35:14 KW - Connectivity KW - Danube River KW - Denitrification enzyme activity KW - Floodplain restoration KW - Path analysis KW - Substrate induced respiration ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically-influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes AU - Zhang, Q. AU - Jimenez, J. L. AU - Canagaratna, M. R. AU - Allan, J. D. AU - Coe, H. AU - Ulbrich, I. AU - Alfarra, M. R. AU - Takami, A. AU - Middlebrook, A. M. AU - Sun, Y. L. AU - Dzepina, K. AU - Dunlea, E. AU - Docherty, K. AU - DeCarlo, P. F. AU - Salcedo, D. AU - Onasch, T. AU - Jayne, J. T. AU - Miyoshi, T. AU - Shimono, A. AU - Hatakeyama, S. AU - Takegawa, N. AU - Kondo, Y. AU - Schneider, J. AU - Drewnick, F. AU - Borrmann, S. AU - Weimer, S. AU - Demerjian, K. AU - Williams, P. AU - Bower, K. AU - Bahreini, R. AU - Cottrell, L. AU - Griffin, R. J. AU - Rautiainen, J. AU - Sun, J. Y. AU - Zhang, Y. M. AU - Worsnop, D. R. T2 - Geophysical Research Letters DA - 2007/07/07/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.1029/2007GL029979 DP - CrossRef VL - 34 IS - 13 SN - 0094-8276 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2007GL029979 Y2 - 2013/08/25/16:54:44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The effect of physical and chemical aerosol properties on warm cloud droplet activation AU - McFiggans, G. AU - Artaxo, P. AU - Baltensperger, U. AU - Coe, H. AU - Facchini, M. C. AU - Feingold, G. AU - Fuzzi, S. AU - Gysel, M. AU - Laaksonen, A. AU - Lohmann, U. AU - Mentel, T. F. AU - Murphy, D. M. AU - O'Dowd, C. D. AU - Snider, J. R. AU - Weingartner, E. T2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DO - 10.5194/acp-6-2593-2006 DP - Copernicus Online Journals VL - 6 IS - 9 SP - 2593 EP - 2649 J2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. SN - 1680-7324 UR - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/2593/2006/ Y2 - 2013/08/25/14:43:13 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intercomparison of Thermal and Optical Measurement Methods for Elemental Carbon and Black Carbon at an Urban Location AU - Hitzenberger, R. AU - Petzold, A. AU - Bauer, H. AU - Ctyroky, P. AU - Pouresmaeil, P. AU - Laskus, L. AU - Puxbaum, H. T2 - Environmental Science & Technology AB - Despite intensive efforts during the past 20 years, no generally accepted standard method exists to measure black carbon (BC) or elemental carbon (EC). Data on BC and EC concentrations are method specific and can differ widely (e.g. Schmid et al., 2001, ten Brink et al., 2004). In this study, a comprehensive set of methods (both optical and thermal) is compared. Measurements were performed under urban background conditions in Vienna, Austria, a city heavily impacted by diesel emissions. Filter and impactor samples were taken during 3 weeks in summer 2002 and analyzed for EC with thermal methods:? a modified Cachier method (Cachier et al., 1989), a thermal-optical method (Schmid et al., 2001), and the VDI method (VDI, 1996); for BC with optical methods:? a filter transmission method and the integrating sphere method (Hitzenberger et al., 1996); and for total carbon (TC) with a combustion method (Puxbaum and Rendl, 1983). The online methods aethalometer (Hansen et al., 1984) and the multiangle absorption photometer MAAP (Petzold et al., 2002) to measure BC were also used. The average values of BC and EC obtained with the methods agreed within their standard deviations. A conversion table was set up to allow comparisons between data measured elsewhere under urban background conditions (with similar source characteristics) with different instruments. An approach to estimate the absorption coefficient from attenuation data is derived so that existing records of aethalometer data in urban environments may be used to obtain also the absorption coefficients. DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DO - 10.1021/es051228v DP - ACS Publications VL - 40 IS - 20 SP - 6377 EP - 6383 J2 - Environ. Sci. Technol. SN - 0013-936X UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051228v Y2 - 2013/08/25/11:35:34 ER - TY - THES TI - Größenverteilungen des atmosphärischen Aerosols in Wien AU - Palmetshofer, Julia AB - In der Arbeit wird die Vergleichbarkeit von verschiedenen Messmethoden analysiert und die Entwicklung und tageszeitliche Variation von ultrafeinem und feinteiligem Aerosol betrachtet. Für die Messung der Größenverteilungen wurden ein Kaskadenimpaktor, ein Filtersammler und ein Scanning Mobility Particle Spectrometer (SMPS) verwendet. Die Massengrößenverteilung wurde nach dem trimodalen lognormalen Modell analysiert. Insgesamt wurde in der Wintermessperiode eine 3.69 mal so große Massenkonzentration gefunden als in der Sommermessperiode, wobei hier besonders der Akkumulationsmode im Winter eine viel größere Massenkonzentration aufweist im Vergleich zum Sommer. Der Vergleich zwischen den Größenverteilungen liefert eine gute Korrelation zwischen Impaktor- und Filtermessung im Winter. Es wurde eine effektive Dichte der Aerosolpartikel von 2.08 g/cm³ für die Sommer- und von 2.46 g/cm³ für die Wintermessperiode berechnet. An 19 von 214 Messtagen konnten Events der sekundären Partikelbildung nachgewiesen werden, was einem Prozentsatz von 9 % entspricht. An 15 dieser 19 Tage wurde vor oder gleichzeitig mit den Events ein Anstieg der Ozonkonzentration auf über 100 µg/m³ beobachtet. Bevorzugte Jahreszeit für sekundäre Partikelbildung ist bei den vorliegenden Messergebnissen der Sommer. In den Nachstunden wurden keine Events gefunden, was die Notwendigkeit photochemischer Reaktionen für sekundäre Partikelbildung bestätigt. CY - wien DA - 2012/// PY - 2012 DP - othes.univie.ac.at SP - 3, 104 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. M3 - dipl PB - uniwien UR - http://othes.univie.ac.at/21191/ Y2 - 2013/08/25/15:05:49 KW - 33.05 Experimentalphysik ER - TY - JOUR TI - Comparison of methods for the quantification of carbonate carbon in atmospheric PM10 aerosol samples AU - Jankowski, Nicole AU - Schmidl, Christoph AU - Marr, Iain L. AU - Bauer, Heidi AU - Puxbaum, Hans T2 - Atmospheric Environment DA - 2008/11// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.06.012 DP - CrossRef VL - 42 IS - 34 SP - 8055 EP - 8064 SN - 13522310 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231008005906 Y2 - 2013/08/25/12:05:48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Denitrification and associated soil N2O emissions due to agricultural activities in a changing climate AU - Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus AU - Dannenmann, Michael T2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability AB - Human activities have accelerated global nitrogen cycling by approx. a factor of two. Also under future environmental conditions, agricultural nitrogen use is expected to remain the leading cause of reactive nitrogen (Nr) release to the environment. The main process to remove Nr from the environment is microbial denitrification. Here we summarize potential mechanisms that may affect denitrification and associated nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in/from agricultural systems under future environmental conditions. Though changes in climate, specifically in temperature and precipitation, are likely to directly affect denitrification rates and N2O emissions, we identified several indirect mechanisms of global change that may potentially override direct effects. Among these are a) landscape scale changes of hotspots of denitrification: while the importance of non-hydromorphic upland soils for denitrification may decrease owing to limitations in soil moisture the importance of riparian areas as denitrification hotspots may further increase owing to the increased likeliness of flooding events leading to more frequent occurrences of aerobic–anaerobic cycles in riparian areas and, thus, increased denitrification, b) increased provision of labile carbon substrates via plant root exudation in the rhizosphere under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, leading to increased microbial activity and higher denitrification rates in agricultural subsoils, thereby potentially reducing rates of nitrate leaching from agricultural soils and c) increased ammonia (NH3) volatilization from agricultural systems leading to increased denitrification rates and N2O emissions downwind from NH3 emission sources. Obviously, under future environmental conditions the mentioned mechanisms would further strengthen the regional disjunction of areas of Nr application from those of Nr removal by denitrification, thereby calling for a reappraisal of the importance of indirect emissions of N2O from agricultural Nr use. It remains unclear, to which extent climate change mitigation options such as the introduction of no-till systems or the increasing use of slow release fertilizers in conjunction with nitrification inhibitors or the adaptations of agricultural management practices to climate change such as altered timing of cultivation, choice of crop varieties and adaptation of water saving production systems may finally override direct and indirect climate change effects on denitrification and N2O emissions from agricultural systems. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.cosust.2011.08.004 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 3 IS - 5 SP - 389 EP - 395 J2 - Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability SN - 1877-3435 ST - Carbon and nitrogen cycles UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877343511000698 Y2 - 2013/08/24/14:10:18 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Wirkt ein arktisches „Ozonloch“ bis in unsere Breiten? AU - Steinbrecht, W. AU - Claude, H. AU - Köhler, U. AU - Galleithner, B. T2 - Ozonbulletin des DWD CY - Hohenpeißenberg, Deutschland DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 PB - Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg SN - 129 UR - http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/generator/DWDWWW/Content/Forschung/FEHP/OZON/DL/OZON__BULLETIN/2011/Ozonbulletin__129__1111__de__pdf,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/Ozonbulletin_129_1111_de_pdf.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Levoglucosan levels at background sites in Europe for assessing the impact of biomass combustion on the European aerosol background AU - Puxbaum, Hans AU - Caseiro, Alexandre AU - Sánchez-Ochoa, Asunción AU - Kasper-Giebl, Anne AU - Claeys, Magda AU - Gelencsér, András AU - Legrand, Michel AU - Preunkert, Susanne AU - Pio, Casimiro T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research DA - 2007/09/26/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.1029/2006JD008114 DP - CrossRef VL - 112 IS - D23 SN - 0148-0227 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2006JD008114 Y2 - 2013/08/25/15:17:59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Impact of mineral components and selected trace metals on ambient PM10 concentrations AU - Limbeck, Andreas AU - Handler, Markus AU - Puls, Christoph AU - Zbiral, Johannes AU - Bauer, Heidi AU - Puxbaum, Hans T2 - Atmospheric Environment DA - 2009/01// PY - 2009 DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.10.012 DP - CrossRef VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 530 EP - 538 SN - 13522310 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231008009710 Y2 - 2013/08/25/13:56:18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Direct radiative effect modeled for regional aerosols in central Europe including the effect of relative humidity AU - Iorga, G. AU - Hitzenberger, R. AU - Kasper-Giebl, A. AU - Puxbaum, Hans T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research DA - 2007/01/13/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.1029/2005JD006828 DP - CrossRef VL - 112 IS - D1 SN - 0148-0227 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2005JD006828 Y2 - 2013/08/25/11:47:09 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A comparison of model-simulated trends in stratospheric temperatures AU - Shine, K. P. AU - Bourqui, M. S. AU - Forster, P. M. de F. AU - Hare, S. H. E. AU - Langematz, U. AU - Braesicke, P. AU - Grewe, V. AU - Ponater, M. AU - Schnadt, C. AU - Smith, C. A. AU - Haigh, J. D. AU - Austin, J. AU - Butchart, N. AU - Shindell, D. T. AU - Randel, W. J. AU - Nagashima, T. AU - Portmann, R. W. AU - Solomon, S. AU - Seidel, D. J. AU - Lanzante, J. AU - Klein, S. AU - Ramaswamy, V. AU - Schwarzkopf, M. D. T2 - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society DA - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DO - 10.1256/qj.02.186 DP - CrossRef VL - 129 IS - 590 SP - 1565 EP - 1588 SN - 00359009, 1477870X UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1256/qj.02.186 Y2 - 2013/08/25/15:57:11 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Variability of the relationship between particle size and cloud-nucleating ability AU - Hudson, James G. T2 - Geophysical Research Letters DA - 2007/04/17/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.1029/2006GL028850 DP - CrossRef VL - 34 IS - 8 SN - 0094-8276 UR - http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2006GL028850 Y2 - 2013/08/25/11:44:57 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Activation of “synthetic ambient” aerosols – Relation to chemical composition of particles <100nm AU - Burkart, J. AU - Hitzenberger, R. AU - Reischl, G. AU - Bauer, H. AU - Leder, K. AU - Puxbaum, H. T2 - Atmospheric Environment DA - 2012/07// PY - 2012 DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.063 DP - CrossRef VL - 54 SP - 583 EP - 591 SN - 13522310 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231012000842 Y2 - 2013/08/24/14:07:39 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Denitrification and gaseous nitrogen losses from an acid spruce forest soil AU - Henrich, M. AU - Haselwandter, K. T2 - Soil Biology and Biochemistry DA - 1997/09// PY - 1997 DO - 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00010-2 DP - CrossRef VL - 29 IS - 9-10 SP - 1529 EP - 1537 SN - 00380717 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071797000102 Y2 - 2013/08/24/16:40:35 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Factors controlling regional differences in forest soil emission of nitrogen oxides (NO and N2O) AU - Pilegaard, K. AU - Skiba, U. AU - Ambus, P. AU - Beier, C. AU - Brüggemann, N. AU - Butterbach-Bahl, K. AU - Dick, J. AU - Dorsey, J. AU - Duyzer, J. AU - Gallagher, M. AU - Gasche, R. AU - Horvath, L. AU - Kitzler, B. AU - Leip, A. AU - Pihlatie, M. K. AU - Rosenkranz, P. AU - Seufert, G. AU - Vesala, T. AU - Westrate, H. AU - Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. T2 - Biogeosciences AB - Soil emissions of NO and N2O were measured continuously at high frequency for more than one year at 15 European forest sites as part of the EU-funded project NOFRETETE. The locations represent different forest types (coniferous/deciduous) and different nitrogen loads. Geographically they range from Finland in the north to Italy in the south and from Hungary in the east to Scotland in the west. The highest NO emissions were observed from coniferous forests, whereas the lowest NO emissions were observed from deciduous forests. The NO emissions from coniferous forests were highly correlated with N-deposition. The site with the highest average annual emission (82 ?g NO-N m?2 h?1) was a spruce forest in South-Germany (Höglwald) receiving an annual N-deposition of 2.9 g m?2. NO emissions close to the detection limit were observed from a pine forest in Finland where the N-deposition was 0.2 g N m?2 a?1. No significant correlation between N2O emission and N-deposition was found. The highest average annual N2O emission (20 ?g N2O-N m?2 h?1) was found in an oak forest in the Mátra mountains (Hungary) receiving an annual N-deposition of 1.6 g m?2. N2O emission was significantly negatively correlated with the C/N ratio. The difference in N-oxide emissions from soils of coniferous and deciduous forests may partly be explained by differences in N-deposition rates and partly by differences in characteristics of the litter layer and soil. NO was mainly derived from nitrification whereas N2O was mainly derived from denitrification. In general, soil moisture is lower at coniferous sites (at least during spring time) and the litter layer of coniferous forests is thick and well aerated favouring nitrification and thus release of NO. Conversely, the higher rates of denitrification in deciduous forests due to a compact and moist litter layer lead to N2O production and NO consumption in the soil. The two factors soil moisture and soil temperature are often explaining most of the temporal variation within a site. When comparing annual emissions on a regional scale, however, factors such as nitrogen deposition and forest and soil type become much more important. DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DP - HAL Archives Ouvertes VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 651 EP - 661 LA - Anglais UR - http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00297588 Y2 - 2013/08/25/15:09:05 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Quantifying Uncertainties of the Austrian Greenhouse Gas Inventory AU - Winiwarter, Wilfried T2 - systems research DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 LA - Englisch M3 - Final report to project Nr. 1.S2.00116.0.0 contracted by Umweltbundesamt PB - Austrian Research Center SN - ARC_sys-0154 UR - http://systemsresearch.ac.at/FTP/winiwarter/papers/ARC_sys_0154.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Long-term study of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation of the atmospheric aerosol in Vienna AU - Burkart, J. AU - Steiner, G. AU - Reischl, G. AU - Hitzenberger, R. T2 - Atmospheric Environment AB - During a total of 11 months, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN at super-saturation S 0.5%) and condensation nuclei (CN) concentrations were measured in the urban background aerosol of Vienna, Austria. For several months, number size distributions between 13.22 nm and 929 nm were also measured with a scanning mobility particle spectrometer (SMPS). Activation ratios (i.e. CCN/CN ratios) were calculated and apparent activation diameters obtained by integrating the SMPS size distributions. Variations in all CCN parameters (concentration, activation ratio, apparent activation diameter) are quite large on timescales of days to weeks. Passages of fronts influenced CCN parameters. Concentrations decreased with the passage of a front. No significant differences were found for fronts from different sectors (for Vienna mainly north to west and south to east). CCN concentrations at 0.5% S ranged from 160 cm−3 to 3600 cm−3 with a campaign average of 820 cm−3. Activation ratios were quite low (0.02–0.47, average: 0.13) and comparable to activation ratios found in other polluted regions (e.g. Cubison et al., 2008). Apparent activation diameters were found to be much larger (campaign average: 169 nm, range: (69–370) nm) than activation diameters for single-salt particles (around 50 nm depending on the salt). Contrary to CN concentrations, which are influenced by source patterns, CCN concentrations did not exhibit distinct diurnal patterns. Activation ratios showed diurnal variations counter-current to the variations of CN concentrations. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.022 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 45 IS - 32 SP - 5751 EP - 5759 J2 - Atmospheric Environment SN - 1352-2310 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231011007473 Y2 - 2013/08/24/14:05:04 KW - Activation diameter KW - Activation ratio KW - CCN KW - Urban aerosol ER - TY - JOUR TI - Branch biomass functions for broadleaved tree species in Austria AU - Gschwantner, T. AU - Schadauer, K. T2 - Austrian Journal of Forest Science DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DP - Google Scholar VL - 123 IS - 1/2 SP - 17 EP - 34 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Particulate and gaseous emissions from manually and automatically fired small scale combustion systems AU - Schmidl, Christoph AU - Luisser, Markus AU - Padouvas, Emmanuel AU - Lasselsberger, Leopold AU - Rzaca, Magdalena AU - Ramirez-Santa Cruz, Carlos AU - Handler, Markus AU - Peng, Ge AU - Bauer, Heidi AU - Puxbaum, Hans T2 - Atmospheric Environment DA - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.006 DP - CrossRef VL - 45 IS - 39 SP - 7443 EP - 7454 SN - 13522310 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S135223101100478X Y2 - 2013/08/25/15:54:05 ER - TY - THES TI - Trend und Jahresverlauf der Niederschlagsdaten in Österreich von 1983 bis 2007. Diplomarbeit an der Technischen Universität Wien AU - Leder, Klaus AB - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mit den Monatsmittelwerten der Konzentrationen von SO42-, NH4+, NO3-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ und Na+ im Niederschlagswasser an 15 Stationen in Österreich seit 1983 sowohl der langjährige Trend an Inhaltsstoffen als auch die Saisonalität untersucht. Besonderes Augenmerk war dabei auf die Hauptkomponenten Nitrat, Ammonium und Sulfat gerichtet, aber auch der Verlauf der anderen Ionen wurde kurz dargestellt. Außerdem wurde ein Vergleich der Deposition in Österreich mit der Emission angestellt. Es zeigte sich, dass an allen Stationen die Sulfat-Deposition zurückging, während jene von Nitrat und Ammonium nahezu gleichblieb. Ein Vergleich der Jahresgänge zeigte hohe Konzentrationen in allen Stationen im April. Weiters wurde für alle Komponenten außer Na+ und Cl- ein Sommerhoch und ein Wintertief an den alpinen Stationen, an den anderen Stationen hingegen überdurchschnittliche Konzentrationen im Winter und unterdurchschnittliche im Sommer festgestellt Die Deposition ist hingegen an allen Stationen und bei allen Komponenten im Sommer höher als im Winter. Ein Vergleich der Deposition mit der Emission von ganz Österreich von 1990 bis 2005 zeigte einen parallelen Rückgang der Schwefelemission und -deposition und ein Gleichbleiben der Ammonium- und Nitratbelastung. CY - Wien DA - 2008/// PY - 2008 SP - 99 LA - Deutsch M3 - Diplomarbeit PB - TU Wien, Fakultät für Technische Chemie | Institut für Chemische Technologien und Analytik | E164 UR - http://catalogplus.tuwien.ac.at/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=UTW_aleph_acc000419566&indx=1&recIds=UTW_aleph_acc000419566&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=1&frbg=&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UTW_O_SFX%29%2Cscope%3A%28UTW_aleph_acc%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tab=default_tab&dstmp=1380019816612&srt=rank&mode=Basic&dum=true&vl%28freeText0%29=Trend%20und%20Jahresverlauf%20der%20Niederschlagsdaten%20in%20%C3%96sterreich%20von%201983%20bis%202007&vid=UTW ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inverse modelling of European N2O emissions: assimilating observations from different networks AU - Corazza, M. AU - Bergamaschi, P. AU - Vermeulen, A. T. AU - Aalto, T. AU - Haszpra, L. AU - Meinhardt, F. AU - O'Doherty, S. AU - Thompson, R. AU - Moncrieff, J. AU - Popa, E. AU - Steinbacher, M. AU - Jordan, A. AU - Dlugokencky, E. AU - Brühl, C. AU - Krol, M. AU - Dentener, F. T2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.5194/acp-11-2381-2011 DP - Copernicus Online Journals VL - 11 IS - 5 SP - 2381 EP - 2398 J2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. SN - 1680-7324 ST - Inverse modelling of European N2O emissions UR - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/2381/2011/ Y2 - 2013/08/24/15:52:02 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Size Matters More Than Chemistry for Cloud-Nucleating Ability of Aerosol Particles AU - Dusek, U. AU - Frank, G. P. AU - Hildebrandt, L. AU - Curtius, J. AU - Schneider, J. AU - Walter, S. AU - Chand, D. AU - Drewnick, F. AU - Hings, S. AU - Jung, D. AU - Borrmann, S. AU - Andreae, M. O. T2 - Science AB - Size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra measured for various aerosol types at a non-urban site in Germany showed that CCN concentrations are mainly determined by the aerosol number size distribution. Distinct variations of CCN activation with particle chemical composition were observed but played a secondary role. When the temporal variation of chemical effects on CCN activation is neglected, variation in the size distribution alone explains 84 to 96% of the variation in CCN concentrations. Understanding that particles' ability to act as CCN is largely controlled by aerosol size rather than composition greatly facilitates the treatment of aerosol effects on cloud physics in regional and global models. DA - 2006/02/06/ PY - 2006 DO - 10.1126/science.1125261 DP - www.sciencemag.org VL - 312 IS - 5778 SP - 1375 EP - 1378 J2 - Science LA - en SN - 0036-8075, 1095-9203 UR - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/312/5778/1375 Y2 - 2013/08/24/16:12:04 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A comparison of different inverse carbon flux estimation approaches for application on a regional domain AU - Tolk, L. F. AU - Dolman, A. J. AU - Meesters, A. G. C. A. AU - Peters, W. T2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.5194/acp-11-10349-2011 DP - Copernicus Online Journals VL - 11 IS - 20 SP - 10349 EP - 10365 J2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. SN - 1680-7324 UR - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/10349/2011/ Y2 - 2013/08/25/16:29:44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The two-way nested global chemistry-transport zoom model TM5: algorithm and applications AU - Krol, M. AU - Houweling, S. AU - Bregman, B. AU - van den Broek, M. AU - Segers, A. AU - van Velthoven, P. AU - Peters, W. AU - Dentener, F. AU - Bergamaschi, P. T2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 DO - 10.5194/acp-5-417-2005 DP - Copernicus Online Journals VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 417 EP - 432 J2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. SN - 1680-7324 ST - The two-way nested global chemistry-transport zoom model TM5 UR - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/417/2005/ Y2 - 2013/08/25/13:44:00 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Temporal patterns of n-alkanes at traffic exposed and suburban sites in Vienna AU - Kotianova, P AU - Puxbaum, H AU - Bauer, H AU - Caseiro, A AU - Marr, I AU - Cik, G T2 - Atmospheric Environment DA - 2008/04// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.048 DP - CrossRef VL - 42 IS - 13 SP - 2993 EP - 3005 SN - 13522310 UR - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231007011946 Y2 - 2013/08/25/13:40:09 ER - TY - CONF TI - Assimilation of Ground Based Ozone Measurements to Improve the Air Quality Forecasts For Austria AU - Hirtl, Markus AU - Krüger, Bernd C. AU - Petz, Erwin AU - Flandorfer, Claudia T2 - EGU C1 - Wien C3 - Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-5477, 2011 EGU General Assembly 2011 DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 UR - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2011/EGU2011-5477.pdf N1 -Poster?
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Marcus Hirtl, Bernd C. Krüger, Erwin Petz and Claudia Flandorfer (2011): Assimilation of Ground Based Ozone Measurements to Improve the Air Quality Forecasts For Austria. [Poster]
[European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2011, Vienna, AUSTRIA, APR 3-8, 2011]
, Geophysical Research Abstracts, 13, 5477-5477; ISSN 1607-7962
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Österreichische Emissionsinventur für Staub AU - Winiwarter, W. AU - Trenker, Ch AU - Höflinger, W. T2 - Report ARC--S-0151 im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, ARC Seibersdorf research DA - 2001b PY - 2001b DP - Google Scholar ER - TY - JOUR TI - Asian emissions in 2006 for the NASA INTEX-B mission AU - Zhang, Q. AU - Streets, D. G. AU - Carmichael, G. R. AU - He, K. B. AU - Huo, H. AU - Kannari, A. AU - Klimont, Z. AU - Park, I. S. AU - Reddy, S. AU - Fu, J. S. AU - Chen, D. AU - Duan, L. AU - Lei, Y. AU - Wang, L. T. AU - Yao, Z. L. T2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. DA - 2009/07/29/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.5194/acp-9-5131-2009 DP - Copernicus Online Journals VL - 9 IS - 14 SP - 5131 EP - 5153 J2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. SN - 1680-7324 UR - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/5131/2009/ Y2 - 2014/02/25/11:07:16 L1 - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/5131/2009/acp-9-5131-2009.pdf L2 - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/5131/2009/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2010 AU - WMO CY - Geneva DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DP - Open WorldCat LA - Undetermined PB - World Meteorological Organization SN - 9966-7319-6-2 978-9966-7319-6-8 ST - Scientific assessment of ozone depletion ER - TY - JOUR TI - National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Understanding Uncertainties versus Potential for Improving Reliability AU - Winiwarter, W. T2 - Water Air and Soil Pollution DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DO - 10.1007/s11267-006-9117-3 VL - 7 IS - 4 SP - 443 EP - 450 SN - 1567-7230 ST - National Greenhouse Gas Inventories UR - http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-5930-8_3 L2 - http://www.researchgate.net/publication/227300893_National_Greenhouse_Gas_Inventories_Understanding_Uncertainties_versus_Potential_for_Improving_Reliability ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrous Oxide (N2O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century AU - Ravishankara, A. R. AU - Daniel, John S. AU - Portmann, Robert W. T2 - Science AB - By comparing the ozone depletion potential–weighted anthropogenic emissions of N2O with those of other ozone-depleting substances, we show that N2O emission currently is the single most important ozone-depleting emission and is expected to remain the largest throughout the 21st century. N2O is unregulated by the Montreal Protocol. Limiting future N2O emissions would enhance the recovery of the ozone layer from its depleted state and would also reduce the anthropogenic forcing of the climate system, representing a win-win for both ozone and climate. DA - 2009/02/10/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.1126/science.1176985 DP - www.sciencemag.org VL - 326 IS - 5949 SP - 123 EP - 125 J2 - Science LA - en SN - 0036-8075, 1095-9203 ST - Nitrous Oxide (N2O) UR - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/326/5949/123 Y2 - 2014/02/25/10:46:32 L1 - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/326/5949/123.full.pdf L2 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713491 L2 - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/326/5949/123.abstract ER - TY - JOUR TI - A dual site study of PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol chemistry in the larger region of Vienna, Austria AU - Puxbaum, H AU - Gomiscek, B AU - Kalina, M AU - Bauer, H AU - Salam, A AU - Stopper, S AU - Preining, O AU - Hauck, H T2 - Atmospheric Environment AB - The measurements of PM2.5 and PM10 at two sites—an urban site in Vienna (AUPHEP-1) and a rural site considered local background (AUPHEP-2)—indicated only low aerosol generation activity in the city on an annual basis. Defining the term “urban impact” as the difference between observations at the urban and the local background site we find an annually averaged urban impact for PM2.5 of 3.4 μg m−3 and for PMC of 3.3 μg m−3 (the coarse fraction PMC=PM10−PM2.5). The relative increase of the particulate matter (PM) concentration at the urban site compared to the background site (AUPHEP-2) is annually averaged only 19% for PM2.5, but 60% for PMC. The chemical main constituents of the PM2.5 urban impact are black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and sulfate; the main constituents of the PMC urban impact are OC and indicators for mineralic aerosol (Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K). The BC/TC ratio of the PM2.5 urban impact is typical as for combustion sources, e.g. automotive traffic, oil or coal combustion. Urban coarse OC is considered to originate from non-pyrogenic sources. From the trace metals investigated (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) only Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn exhibited a slight cold season enrichment in the urban airshed. From the weak signal of a seasonality of oil or coal combustion indicators we conclude that local domestic heating sources are using “clean fuels”. DA - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.12.043 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 38 IS - 24 SP - 3949 EP - 3958 J2 - Atmospheric Environment SN - 1352-2310 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231004003012 Y2 - 2014/02/25/10:44:33 L1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231004003012/pdfft?md5=e91f7c045620f5af9ae7ca9968488900&pid=1-s2.0-S1352231004003012-main.pdf L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231004003012 KW - Urban aerosol KW - Airshed composition KW - Seasonal variation KW - Sources KW - Urban impact ER - TY - JOUR TI - Natural 15N abundance of soil N pools and N2O reflect the nitrogen dynamics of forest soils AU - Pörtl, Katja AU - Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie AU - Wanek, Wolfgang AU - Ambus, Per AU - Berger, Torsten W. T2 - Plant and Soil AB - Natural 15N abundance measurements of ecosystem nitrogen (N) pools and 15N pool dilution assays of gross N transformation rates were applied to investigate the potential of δ15N signatures of soil N pools to reflect the dynamics in the forest soil N cycle. Intact soil cores were collected from pure spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and mixed spruce-beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands on stagnic gleysol in Austria. Soil δ15N values of both forest sites increased with depth to 50 cm, but then decreased below this zone. δ15N values of microbial biomass (mixed stand: 4.7 ± 0.8‰, spruce stand: 5.9 ± 0.9‰) and of dissolved organic N (DON; mixed stand: 5.3 ± 1.7‰, spruce stand: 2.6 ± 3.3‰) were not significantly different; these pools were most enriched in 15N of all soil N pools. Denitrification represented the main N2O-producing process in the mixed forest stand as we detected a significant 15N enrichment of its substrate NO 3 − (3.6 ± 4.5‰) compared to NH 4 + (−4.6 ± 2.6‰) and its product N2O (−11.8 ± 3.2‰). In a 15N-labelling experiment in the spruce stand, nitrification contributed more to N2O production than denitrification. Moreover, in natural abundance measurements the NH 4 + pool was slightly 15N-enriched (−0.4 ± 2.0 ‰) compared to NO 3 − (−3.0 ± 0.6 ‰) and N2O (−2.1 ± 1.1 ‰) in the spruce stand, indicating nitrification and denitrification operated in parallel to produce N2O. The more positive δ15N values of N2O in the spruce stand than in the mixed stand point to extensive microbial N2O reduction in the spruce stand. Combining natural 15N abundance and 15N tracer experiments provided a more complete picture of soil N dynamics than possible with either measurement done separately. DA - 2007/06/01/ PY - 2007 DO - 10.1007/s11104-007-9264-y DP - link.springer.com VL - 295 IS - 1-2 SP - 79 EP - 94 J2 - Plant Soil LA - en SN - 0032-079X, 1573-5036 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11104-007-9264-y Y2 - 2014/02/25/10:42:33 L1 - http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11104-007-9264-y.pdf L2 - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11104-007-9264-y KW - Ecology KW - Plant Physiology KW - Plant Sciences KW - Picea abies KW - Soil Science & Conservation KW - Denitrification KW - 15N pool dilution KW - Fagus sylvatica KW - Gross mineralisation KW - Gross nitrification ER - TY - JOUR TI - Improved source assessment of Si, Al and related mineral components to PM10 based on a daily sampling procedure AU - Peng, Ge AU - Puxbaum, Hans AU - Bauer, Heidi AU - Jankowski, Nicole AU - Shi, Yao T2 - Journal of environmental sciences (China) AB - Samples obtained from an industrialized valley in the East Alpine region were collected daily for a half year and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence to examine the elements Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn, P, S and Cl. Some factors affecting the changes of these elements were considered, including time, elemental correlations, weekday, weekend and seasonal changes. Diagnostic analysis provided an insight into a decoupling behavior that occursin siliceous and carbonates minerals. A decrease in Si and Al and an increase in carbonates, Na, K, Zn and P were observed during the cold season. However, a consistently high correlation of Si and Al was observed in all seasons. It was established that such high levels originated from street surface abrasion. The increase in variability and absolute levels of carbonates during the cold season was demonstrated by adding carbonates to the street surface as gritting material to increase the grip on snowy surfaces. A marked increase in Na and Cl was observed in winter which may have been caused by thaw salt that is widely used in winter in Austria. This was associated with a significant increase in K, Zn, and P in the cold season that was the result of domestic space heating with wood. PM10 levels in December were 12 microg/m3 and were higher than levels detected in July. It was established that such high levels originated from mineral oxides, wood smoke, and inorganic ionic material(s). DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DP - NCBI PubMed VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 582 EP - 588 J2 - J Environ Sci (China) LA - eng SN - 1001-0742 L2 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20617736 KW - Seasons KW - Temperature KW - Air Pollutants KW - Aluminum KW - Environment KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Minerals KW - Particle Size KW - Particulate Matter KW - Silicon KW - Time Factors ER - TY - JOUR TI - Estimating the spatial distribution of ozone concentrations in complex terrain AU - Loibl, W. AU - Winiwarter, W. AU - Kopsca, A. AU - Züger, J. AU - Baumann, R. T2 - Atmospheric Environment DA - 1994/09// PY - 1994 DO - 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90430-8 DP - CrossRef VL - 28 IS - 16 SP - 2557 EP - 2566 SN - 13522310 UR - http://pisces.boku.ac.at/han/scopus/www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028501510&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=Estimating+the+Spatial+Distribution+of+Ozone+Concentrations+in+Complex+Terrain&sid=69E66ACA7EDFBF364447173EDF60A30E.N5T5nM1aaTEF8rE6yKCR3A%3a2000&sot=q&sdt=b&sl=98&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Estimating+the+Spatial+Distribution+of+Ozone+Concentrations+in+Complex+Terrain%29&relpos=0&relpos=0&citeCnt=42&searchTerm=TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH%28Estimating+the+Spatial+Distribution+of+Ozone+Concentrations+in+Complex+Terrain%29 Y2 - 2013/08/25/13:57:13 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Klimarelevanz der Abfallwirtschaft IV. AU - Mauschitz, G. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 M3 - Bericht im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft PB - Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik und Technische Biowissenschaften, Abteilung: Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Luftreinhaltetechnik, Technische Universität Wien, Österreich ER - TY - JOUR TI - Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011 echoed in the Antarctic ozone hole. AU - Manney, Gloria L. AU - Santee, Michelle L. AU - Rex, Markus AU - Livesey, Nathaniel J. AU - Pitts, Michael C. AU - Veefkind, Pepijn AU - Nash, Eric R. AU - Wohltmann, Ingo AU - Lehmann, Ralph AU - Froidevaux, Lucien AU - Poole, Lamont R. AU - Schoeberl, Mark R. AU - Haffner, David P. AU - Davies, Jonathan AU - Dorokhov, Valery AU - Gernandt, Hartwig AU - Johnson, Bryan AU - Kivi, Rigel AU - Kyrö, Esko AU - Larsen, Niels AU - Levelt, Pieternel F. AU - Makshtas, Alexander AU - McElroy, C. Thomas AU - Nakajima, Hideaki AU - Parrondo, Maria Concepción AU - Tarasick, David W. AU - von der Gathen, Peter AU - Walker, Kaley A. AU - Zinoviev, Nikita S. T2 - Nature AB - Chemical ozone destruction occurs over both polar regions in local winter–spring. In the Antarctic, essentially complete removal of lower-stratospheric ozone currently results in an ozone hole every year, whereas in the Arctic, ozone loss is highly variable and has until now been much more limited. Here we demonstrate that chemical ozone destruction over the Arctic in early 2011 was—for the first time in the observational record—comparable to that in the Antarctic ozone hole. Unusually long-lasting cold conditions in the Arctic lower stratosphere led to persistent enhancement in ozone-destroying forms of chlorine and to unprecedented ozone loss, which exceeded 80 per cent over 18–20 kilometres altitude. Our results show that Arctic ozone holes are possible even with temperatures much milder than those in the Antarctic. We cannot at present predict when such severe Arctic ozone depletion may be matched or exceeded. DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1038/nature10556 DP - www.nature.com VL - 478 IS - 7370 SP - 469 EP - 475 J2 - Nature LA - en SN - 0028-0836 UR - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v478/n7370/full/nature10556.html Y2 - 2013/08/25/14:39:32 KW - Climate science KW - environmental science KW - Earth sciences ER - TY - JOUR TI - Biomass equations from data of old long-term experimental plots. AU - Ledermann, T. AU - Neumann, M. T2 - Central DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 VL - 123 SP - 47 EP - 64 UR - http://www.forestscience.at/startseite/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - A comparison of selected Austrian biomass equations. AU - Ledermann, T. AU - Gschwantner, T. T2 - Central DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 VL - 123 SP - 467 EP - 183 UR - http://www.forestscience.at/startseite/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Weiterentwicklung der Emissionsfaktoren für das HAndbuch der Emissionsfaktoren (HBEFA). AU - Knörr, W. AU - Hausberger, S. AU - Helms, H. AU - Lambrecht, U. AU - Keller, M. AU - Steven, H. CY - Heidelberg, Germany DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 M3 - Endbericht Ausarbeitung im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes PB - Umweltbundesamt, Deutschland UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/themen/verkehr-laerm/emissionsdaten ER - TY - JOUR TI - Seasonal variation of SO2, HNO3, NH3 and selected aerosol components at Sonnblick (3106 m a.s.l.) AU - Kasper, Anne AU - Puxbaum, Hans T2 - Atmospheric Environment AB - A two-year record of filter pack measurements illustrates the chemical climatology of nitric acid, sulfur dioxide, ammonia and major aerosol components (particulate nitrate, sulfate and ammonium) at a high alpine site (Mt. Sonnblick, 3106 m a.s.l.). Annual averages (standard deviations are given in parenthesis) were 4(6) nmol m-3 for nitric acid, 8(11) nmol m-3 for ammonia, 6(14) nmol m-3 for sulfur dioxide, 4(9) nmol m-3 for particulate nitrate, 15(19) nmol m-3 for particulate sulfate and 23(35) nmol m-3 for particulate ammonium. Marked seasonal cycles with low concentrations during winter and comparable higher concentrations during summer were observed for all components but sulfur dioxide. The variations are more pronounced for aerosol components than for gases. Based on monthly averages summer to winter concentration ratios were 13, 7 and 10 for aerosol nitrate, sulfate and ammonium, and 3 and 5 for nitric acid and ammonia, respectively. For sulfur dioxide a spring maximum was observed, while little seasonal variation occurred in respect to average summer and winter values. In spring, sulfur dioxide was three times higher, on average, than during the rest of the year. Particulate ammonium and particulate sulfate are the predominant forms compared to gaseous ammonia and sulfur dioxide. Particulate sulfate amounted to 64% of total sulfur, particulate ammonium amounted to 66% of total reduced nitrogen. Nitric acid was more abundant than aerosol nitrate and amounted to 61% of both compounds. In respect to ammonium and sulfate aerosol samples are slightly acidic during most of the year. Lowest neutralization ratios were mainly associated with low concentration values. Concentration ranges and meteorological data suggest that the high alpine site lies within the free troposphere during winter, whereas the influence of boundary layer air becomes more important during summer and a modified mixing layer is formed. DA - 1998/12/01/ PY - 1998 DO - 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00031-9 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 32 IS - 23 SP - 3925 EP - 3939 J2 - Atmospheric Environment SN - 1352-2310 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231097000319 Y2 - 2014/02/25/10:22:15 L1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231097000319/pdfft?md5=3d299f51f2bef5cd1930fb530843cb54&pid=1-s2.0-S1352231097000319-main.pdf L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231097000319 KW - free troposphere KW - aerosols KW - ammonia KW - high alpine measurements KW - nitric acid KW - Seasonal variations KW - sulfur dioxide ER - TY - JOUR TI - Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review AU - Kanakidou, M. AU - Seinfeld, J. H. AU - Pandis, S. N. AU - Barnes, I. AU - Dentener, F. J. AU - Facchini, M. C. AU - Van Dingenen, R. AU - Ervens, B. AU - Nenes, A. AU - Nielsen, C. J. AU - Swietlicki, E. AU - Putaud, J. P. AU - Balkanski, Y. AU - Fuzzi, S. AU - Horth, J. AU - Moortgat, G. K. AU - Winterhalter, R. AU - Myhre, C. E. L. AU - Tsigaridis, K. AU - Vignati, E. AU - Stephanou, E. G. AU - Wilson, J. T2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. DA - 2005/03/30/ PY - 2005 DO - 10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005 DP - Copernicus Online Journals VL - 5 IS - 4 SP - 1053 EP - 1123 J2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. SN - 1680-7324 ST - Organic aerosol and global climate modelling UR - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1053/2005/ Y2 - 2014/02/25/10:21:49 L1 - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1053/2005/acp-5-1053-2005.pdf L2 - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/5/1053/2005/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - A 17 month climatology of the cloud condensation nuclei number concentration at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch AU - Jurányi, Z. AU - Gysel, M. AU - Weingartner, E. AU - Bukowiecki, N. AU - Kammermann, L. AU - Baltensperger, U. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres AB - Between May 2008 and September 2009 the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration, NCCN, was measured at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch, which is located in the free troposphere most of the time. Measurements at 10 different supersaturations (0.12%–1.18%) were made using a CCN counter (CCNC). The monthly median NCCN values show a distinct seasonal variability with ∼5–12 times higher values in summer than in winter. The major part of this variation can be explained by the seasonal amplitude of total aerosol number concentration (∼4.5 times higher values in summer), but it is further amplified (factor of ∼1.1–2.6) by a shift of the particle number size distribution toward slightly larger sizes in summer. In contrast to the extensive properties, the monthly median of the critical dry diameter, above which the aerosols activate as CCN, does not show a seasonal cycle (relative standard deviations of the monthly median critical dry diameters at the different supersaturations are 4–9%) or substantial variability (relative standard deviations of individual data points at the different supersaturations are less than 18–37%). The mean CCN-derived hygroscopicity of the aerosol corresponds to a value of the hygroscopicity parameter κ of 0.20 (assuming a surface tension of pure water) with moderate supersaturation dependence. NCCN can be reliably predicted throughout the measurement period with knowledge of the above-mentioned averaged κ value and highly time-resolved (∼5 min) particle number size distribution data. The predicted NCCN was within 0.74 to 1.29 times the measured value during 80% of the time (94,499 data points in total at 10 different supersaturations). DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 DO - 10.1029/2010JD015199 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 116 IS - D10 SP - n/a EP - n/a LA - en SN - 2156-2202 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010JD015199/abstract Y2 - 2014/02/25/10:21:20 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010JD015199/abstract KW - CCN KW - free troposphere KW - seasonal pattern ER - TY - JOUR TI - Size distribution of black (BC) and total carbon (TC) in Vienna and Ljubljana AU - Hitzenberger, R. AU - Ctyroky, P. AU - Berner, A. AU - Turšič, J. AU - Podkrajšek, B. AU - Grgić, I. T2 - Chemosphere AB - During two campaigns in winter 2004, size segregated impactor samples (0.1–10 μm) and filter samples were taken in two Central European cities (Vienna, Austria and Ljubljana, Slovenia). The impactor samples were analyzed for major inorganic ions and short-chain organic acids, total carbon (TC) and black carbon (BC). Maximum concentrations of total mass were 71.6 μg m−3 in Vienna and 73.1 μg m−3 in Ljubljana. Minimum concentrations in Vienna were only half those in Ljubljana. The BC content of the aerosol was similar (ca. 8%), but the BC/TC ratio was higher in Vienna than in Ljubljana (0.39 vs. 0.29), reflecting the different contribution of diesel traffic emissions. The mass median diameters of the submicron size distributions of all major fractions (total mass, TC, BC and
SO42-) were smaller in Vienna (0.43 μm, 0.41 μm, 0.38 μm and 0.48 μm, respectively) than in Ljubljana (0.55 μm, 0.44 μm, 0.42 μm and 0.60 μm, respectively). Impactor/filter ratios for total mass were 0.79 in Vienna and 0.82 in Ljubljana, while the ratios for BC were 0.56 in Vienna and 0.49 in Ljubljana. An estimation of the mixing state of accumulation mode BC indicated that 33% and 37% of BC, respectively, are mixed externally to the aerosol in the accumulation size range in Vienna and Ljubljana.
DA - 2006/12//
PY - 2006
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.042
DP - ScienceDirect
VL - 65
IS - 11
SP - 2106
EP - 2113
J2 - Chemosphere
SN - 0045-6535
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653506008009
Y2 - 2014/02/25/10:11:25
L1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653506008009/pdfft?md5=1a39b1d478b96c4145baee500486a5e4&pid=1-s2.0-S0045653506008009-main.pdf
L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653506008009
KW - Urban aerosol
KW - Black carbon BC
KW - Chemical characterization
KW - Impactor/filter ratio
KW - Size distribution
KW - Total carbon TC
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - A large organic aerosol source in the free troposphere missing from current models
AU - Heald, Colette L.
AU - Jacob, Daniel J.
AU - Park, Rokjin J.
AU - Russell, Lynn M.
AU - Huebert, Barry J.
AU - Seinfeld, John H.
AU - Liao, Hong
AU - Weber, Rodney J.
T2 - Geophysical Research Letters
AB - Aircraft measurements of organic carbon (OC) aerosol by two independent methods over the NW Pacific during the ACE-Asia campaign reveal unexpectedly high concentrations in the free troposphere (FT). Concentrations average 4 μg sm−3 in the 2–6.5 km column with little vertical gradient. These values are 10–100 times higher than computed with a global chemical transport model (CTM) including a standard 2-product simulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation based on empirical fits to smog chamber data. The same CTM reproduces the observed vertical profiles of sulfate and elemental carbon aerosols, which indicate sharp decreases from the boundary layer to the FT due to wet scavenging. Our results suggest a large, sustained source of SOA in the FT from oxidation of long-lived volatile organic compounds. We find that this SOA is the dominant component of aerosol mass in the FT, with implications for intercontinental pollution transport and radiative forcing of climate.
DA - 2005///
PY - 2005
DO - 10.1029/2005GL023831
DP - Wiley Online Library
VL - 32
IS - 18
SP - n/a
EP - n/a
LA - en
SN - 1944-8007
UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2005GL023831/abstract
Y2 - 2014/02/25/10:07:52
L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2005GL023831/abstract
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Methangas und Kohlendioxid aus der Bereitstellung in Österreich genützter fossiler Energieträger.
AU - Hackl, A.
AU - Mauschitz, G.
CY - Laxenburg/Wien
DA - 1996///
PY - 1996
M3 - Jahresbericht der CO2-Kommission 1996 im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Jugend und Familie und Akademie für Umwelt und Energie, Laxenburg, Österreich
UR - http://wisa.lebensministerium.at/article/articleview/42251/1/12607
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Klimarelevanz der Abfallwirtschaft
AU - Hackl, A.
AU - Mauschitz, G.
CY - Weitra/Wien
DA - 1997///
PY - 1997
M3 - Studie im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Jugend und Familie, Sektion III
UR - http://wisa.lebensministerium.at/article/articleview/42251/1/12607
ER -
TY - STAT
TI - Richtlinie 2006/40/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 17. Mai 2006 über Emissionen aus Klimaanlagen in Kraftfahrzeugen und zur Änderung der Richtlinie 70/156/EWG des Rates (Text mit Bedeutung für den EWR)
AU - Europäisches Parlament
DA - 2006///
PY - 2006
VL - 2006/40/EG
M1 - Amtsblatt Nr L 161 vom 14/06/2006: 0012-0018
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Aerosolmessungen am Sonnblick Observatorium – Probenahme und Analyse der PM10 Fraktion.
AU - Effenberger, Ch.
AU - Kranabetter, A.
AU - Kaiser, A.
AU - Kasper-Giebl, A.
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008
M3 - Endbericht zum Auftrag GZ 7.500/0002-VI/4/2006
PB - Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur, Technische Universität Wien, Österreich
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: Results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002
AU - de Gouw, J. A.
AU - Middlebrook, A. M.
AU - Warneke, C.
AU - Goldan, P. D.
AU - Kuster, W. C.
AU - Roberts, J. M.
AU - Fehsenfeld, F. C.
AU - Worsnop, D. R.
AU - Canagaratna, M. R.
AU - Pszenny, A. a. P.
AU - Keene, W. C.
AU - Marchewka, M.
AU - Bertman, S. B.
AU - Bates, T. S.
T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
AB - An extensive set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate organic matter (POM) was measured in polluted air during the New England Air Quality Study in 2002. Using VOC ratios, the photochemical age of the sampled air masses was estimated. This approach was validated (1) by comparing the observed rates at which VOCs were removed from the atmosphere with the rates expected from OH oxidation, (2) by comparing the VOC emission ratios inferred from the data with the average composition of urban air, and (3) by the ability to describe the increase of an alkyl nitrate with time in terms of the chemical kinetics. A large part of the variability observed for oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and POM could be explained by a description that includes the removal of the primary anthropogenic emissions, the formation and removal of secondary anthropogenic species, and a biogenic contribution parameterized by the emissions of isoprene. The OVOC sources determined from the data are compared with the available literature, and a satisfactory agreement is obtained. The observed sub-μm POM was highly correlated with secondary anthropogenic gas-phase species, strongly suggesting that the POM was from secondary anthropogenic sources. The results are used to describe the speciation and total mass of gas- and particle-phase organic carbon as a function of the photochemical age of an urban air mass. Shortly after emission the organic carbon mass is dominated by primary VOCs, while after two days the dominant contribution is from OVOCs and sub-μm POM. The total measured organic carbon mass decreased by about 40% over the course of two days. The increase in sub-μm POM could not be explained by the removal of aromatic precursors alone, suggesting that other species must have contributed and/or that the mechanism for POM formation is more efficient than previously assumed.
DA - 2005///
PY - 2005
DO - 10.1029/2004JD005623
DP - Wiley Online Library
VL - 110
IS - D16
SP - n/a
EP - n/a
LA - en
SN - 2156-2202
ST - Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere
UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2004JD005623/abstract
Y2 - 2014/02/25/09:59:54
L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2004JD005623/abstract
KW - particulate organic matter
KW - polluted atmosphere
KW - volatile organic compounds
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Greenhouse gas emissions in China 2007: Inventory and input–output analysis
AU - Chen, G. Q.
AU - Zhang, Bo
T2 - Energy Policy
AB - For greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by the Chinese economy in 2007 with the most recent statistics availability, a concrete inventory covering CO2, CH4, and N2O is composed and associated with an input–output analysis to reveal the emission embodiment in final consumption and international trade. The estimated total direct GHG emission amounts to 7456.12 Mt CO2-eq by the commonly referred IPCC global warming potentials, with 63.39% from energy-related CO2, 22.31% from non-energy-related CO2, 11.15% from CH4 and 3.15% from N2O. Responsible for 81.32% of the total GHG emissions are the five sectors of the Electric Power/Steam and Hot Water Production and Supply, Smelting and Pressing of Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals, Nonmetal Mineral Products, Agriculture, and Coal Mining and Dressing, with distinctive emission structures. The sector of Construction holds the top GHG emissions embodied in both domestic production and consumption, and the emission embodied in gross capital formation is prominently more than those in other components of the final consumption characterized by extensive investment in contrast to limited household consumption. China is a net exporter of embodied GHG emissions, with emissions embodied in exports of 3060.18 Mt CO2-eq, in magnitude up to 41.04% of the total direct emission.
DA - 2010/10//
PY - 2010
DO - 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.06.004
DP - ScienceDirect
VL - 38
IS - 10
SP - 6180
EP - 6193
J2 - Energy Policy
SN - 0301-4215
ST - Greenhouse gas emissions in China 2007
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510004672
Y2 - 2014/02/25/09:58:51
L1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510004672/pdfft?md5=3bde75c441ab21f13e33a0285790a677&pid=1-s2.0-S0301421510004672-main.pdf
L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510004672
KW - Carbon emission inventory
KW - Greenhouse gas emissions
KW - Input–output analysis
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Wood burning impact on PM10 in three Austrian regions
AU - Caseiro, Alexandre
AU - Bauer, Heidi
AU - Schmidl, Christoph
AU - Pio, Casimiro A.
AU - Puxbaum, Hans
T2 - Atmospheric Environment
AB - Anhydrosugars (levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan) were investigated during one year in three Austrian regions at three types of sites (city-heavy traffic-impacted, city-residential and background) in order to assess the magnitude of the contribution of wood smoke to the particulate matter load and its organic fraction. The annually averaged concentrations of levoglucosan ranged from 0.12 to 0.48 μg m−3. The levoglucosan concentration exhibited a strong annual cycle with higher concentrations in the cold season. The minor anhydrosugars had a similar annual trend, but their concentrations were lower by a factor of about 5 and about 25 in the cold season for mannosan and galactosan, respectively. Levoglucosan concentrations were higher at the inner-urban as compared to rural sites. The contribution of wood smoke to organic carbon and PM10 levels was calculated using a constant ratio of levoglucosan and OC, respectively PM10 as derived for fire wood typical for Alpine European regions [Schmidl, C., Marr, I.L., Caseiro, A.e, Kotianová, P., Berner, A., Bauer, H., Kasper-Giebl, A., Puxbaum, H., 2008a. Chemical characterisation of fine particle emissions from wood stove combustion of common woods growing in mid-European Alpine regions. Atmospheric Environment 42, 126–141]. The estimated contribution of wood smoke-OC to the OC of PM10 ranged from one third to more than half in the cold season with higher contributions up to 70% in winter (December, January and February) in the smaller cities and the rural background. This indicates, that wood smoke is the predominant source of organic material at rural and small urban sites in central Europe. Consistently, wood smoke was an important contributor to PM10 during the cold season, with contributions of around 10% in the Vienna larger region and around 20% at rural sites in the densely forested regions of Salzburg and Styria during the winter months. In those regions residential sites exhibited highest relative wood smoke contents in PM10 during autumn (September till November), indicating the use of wood stoves for auxiliary heating in the transition of warm to cold season. Using the relationships between the different anhydrosugars the combustion of softwood was found to be dominant for the wood smoke occurrence in ambient air at the investigated sites. Potassium, a commonly used tracer for biomass burning, correlated well to levoglucosan, with a mass ratio of around 0.80 in the cold season.
DA - 2009/04//
PY - 2009
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.012
DP - ScienceDirect
VL - 43
IS - 13
SP - 2186
EP - 2195
J2 - Atmospheric Environment
SN - 1352-2310
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231009000338
Y2 - 2014/02/25/09:58:24
L1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231009000338/pdfft?md5=07d2c43c01d5bda5daf4357a53c92748&pid=1-s2.0-S1352231009000338-main.pdf
L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231009000338
KW - Austria
KW - Levoglucosan
KW - PM10
KW - Wood burning
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - What can we learn from European continuous atmospheric CO2 measurements to quantify regional fluxes – Part 1: Potential of the 2001 network
AU - Carouge, C.
AU - Bousquet, P.
AU - Peylin, P.
AU - Rayner, P. J.
AU - Ciais, P.
T2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys.
DA - 2010/03/31/
PY - 2010
DO - 10.5194/acp-10-3107-2010
DP - Copernicus Online Journals
VL - 10
IS - 6
SP - 3107
EP - 3117
J2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys.
SN - 1680-7324
ST - What can we learn from European continuous atmospheric CO2 measurements to quantify regional fluxes – Part 1
UR - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/3107/2010/
Y2 - 2014/02/25/09:57:46
L1 - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/3107/2010/acp-10-3107-2010.pdf
L2 - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/3107/2010/
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Characterizing the performance of two optical particle counters (Grimm OPC1.108 and OPC1.109) under urban aerosol conditions
AU - Burkart, J.
AU - Steiner, G.
AU - Reischl, G.
AU - Moshammer, H.
AU - Neuberger, M.
AU - Hitzenberger, R.
T2 - Journal of Aerosol Science
AB - The performance of Grimm optical particle counters (OPC, models 1.108 and 1.109) was characterized under urban aerosol conditions. Number concentrations were well correlated. The different lower cut-off diameters (0.25 and 0.3 μm) give an average difference of 23.5%. Both detect less than 10% of the total particle concentration (0.01–1 μm; Differential Mobility Analyzer), but in the respective size ranges, differences are <10%. OPC number size distributions were converted to mass concentrations using instrument-specific factors given by the manufacturer. Mass concentrations for OPC1.108 were 60% higher than for OPC1.109 and (in case of OPC1.109) much lower than those measured with an impactor in the relevant size range or a TSP filter. Using the C-factor correction suggested by the manufacturer, OPC1.109 underestimated mass concentrations by 21% (impactor) and by about 36% (TSP filter), which is in the range of comparability of co-located different mass concentration methods (Hitzenberger, Berner, Maenhaut, Cafmeyer, Schwarz, & Mueller et al., 2004).
DA - 2010/10//
PY - 2010
DO - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.07.007
DP - ScienceDirect
VL - 41
IS - 10
SP - 953
EP - 962
J2 - Journal of Aerosol Science
SN - 0021-8502
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021850210001679
Y2 - 2014/02/25/09:55:27
L1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021850210001679/pdfft?md5=e0764ef6b60d74f84e4a4970c5b386fd&pid=1-s2.0-S0021850210001679-main.pdf
L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021850210001679
KW - Atmospheric urban aerosol
KW - Differential mobility analyzer
KW - Optical particle counter
KW - Particle number concentration
KW - PM
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Final Report on Air Traffic Emissions. Assessment and reliability of transport emission models and inventory systems.
AU - Boulter, I.
AU - McCrae, R.
AU - Jourmard, R.
AU - Keller, M.
AU - Hausberger, S.
CY - UK
DA - 2007///
PY - 2007
M3 - Final Report, DG TREN Contract No. 1999-RD.10429
SN - Deliverable No. 15
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - Nucleation events in the continental boundary layer: Long-term statistical analyses of aerosol relevant characteristics
AU - Boy, M.
AU - Rannik, Ü.
AU - Lehtinen, K. E. J.
AU - Tarvainen, V.
AU - Hakola, H.
AU - Kulmala, M.
T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
AB - This paper reflects intensive data analyses from the Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II) field measurement station in Hyytiälä, Finland, for the years 2000 and 2001. The results can be divided into two main parts: first, a study about common trends and correlation between concentration of particles with Dp = 3–6 nm and different parameters; and second, the calculation of different aerosol relevant characteristics. The first section of this work showed that we can differentiate between two kinds of variables: Solar radiation and the reciprocal condensation sink values correlate in their daily profiles with the number concentrations of the nucleation mode particles. Also, the daytime mean values (0900 to 1500 LT) of these parameters correlate during the 2 years with the small particles. Particle flux, vertical wind variance, or ozone are marginal correlated with the particle concentrations during single event days; however, they show the same yearly behavior as solar radiation or the reciprocal condensation sink values. In the second part the condensing vapor source rates and concentrations and the growth and the nucleation rates were calculated on the basis of measured monoterpenes and sulphur dioxide concentrations. Afterward, these values were compared with results obtained using measured particle number concentrations. The estimated oxidation products of monoterpenes are able to explain 8–50% from observed growth rates.
DA - 2003///
PY - 2003
DO - 10.1029/2003JD003838
DP - Wiley Online Library
VL - 108
IS - D21
SP - n/a
EP - n/a
LA - en
SN - 2156-2202
ST - Nucleation events in the continental boundary layer
UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2003JD003838/abstract
Y2 - 2014/02/25/09:51:41
L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2003JD003838/abstract
KW - monoterpenes
KW - particle formation
KW - particle growth
KW - secondary organic aerosols
ER -
TY - JOUR
TI - On the correlation of atmospheric aerosol components of mass size distributions in the larger region of a central European city
AU - Berner, A
AU - Galambos, Z
AU - Ctyroky, P
AU - Frühauf, P
AU - Hitzenberger, R
AU - Gomišček, B
AU - Hauck, H
AU - Preining, O
AU - Puxbaum, H
T2 - Atmospheric Environment
AB - Mass size distributions of atmospheric aerosols have been sampled in the region of Vienna, a typical city in central Europe, at an urban and a rural site. The aerosol was collected simultaneously by cascade impactors. Two experiments which had a duration of 4 weeks each, were performed in August 1999 and in January/February 2000. Daily sampling periods were from 8:00 to 20:00, and from 20:00 to 8:00.
An evaluation of the mass size distributions is represented in this paper. Emphasis is on the relationships of different aerosol components in a local and a regional context. The main results are as follows. The main components of the atmospheric aerosol are a fine aerosol, the accumulation aerosol, and a coarse aerosol. Specific coarse modes with modal diameters of 4.7 μm average and geometric standard deviations of about 3 occur at the urban and at the rural site, some times surprisingly strong. The fine and the coarse modes are very likely related to motor-car traffic. Usually the PM2.5 and PM10 aerosols are regionally strongly correlated. Occasionally, this correlation is effectively disturbed by local and/or regional emissions. Time series of correlation coefficients reveal an episodic character of the atmospheric aerosol. Periods of strong inter-site correlations of PM2.5 and PM10 indicate the dominance and the co-variation of the accumulation aerosols or the dominance and the co-variation of the coarse modes.
DA - 2004/08//
PY - 2004
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.056
DP - ScienceDirect
VL - 38
IS - 24
SP - 3959
EP - 3970
J2 - Atmospheric Environment
SN - 1352-2310
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231004003024
Y2 - 2014/02/25/09:49:44
L1 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231004003024/pdfft?md5=db3f64ae860c4db7957c6d8cdbcd3fdc&pid=1-s2.0-S1352231004003024-main.pdf
L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231004003024
KW - Episodic structure of PM signals
KW - Modes
KW - Regional correlation of PM signals
KW - Traffic aerosol
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Untersuchung der BaP Quellen in Zederhaus.
AU - Bauer, H.
AU - Kasper-Giebl, A.
AU - Jankowski, N.
AU - Pouresmaeil, P.
AU - Ramirez-Santa Cruz, C.
AU - Schmidl, Ch.
AU - Sampaio Cordeiro Wagner, A.
AU - Puxbaum, H
AU - AQUELLA-Team
DA - 2010///
PY - 2010
M3 - Endbericht
SN - Bericht für das Amt der Salzburger Landesregierung, Institut für Chemische Technologien und Analytik, Technische Universität Wien, Österreich
Y2 - 2013/08/24/13:14:18
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - AQUELLA Graz Süd PM2.5 Quellenanalyse von PM10- und PM2,5 Belastungen in Graz.
AU - Bauer, H.
AU - Kasper-Giebl, A.
AU - Limbeck, A.
AU - Ramirez-Santa Cruz, C.
AU - Jankowski, N.
AU - Klatzer, B.
AU - Pouresmaeil, P.
AU - Dattler, A.
AU - Handler, M.
AU - Schmidl, Ch.
AU - Puxbaum, H
DA - 2009///
PY - 2009
M3 - Endbericht
SN - Lu-03/09. Auftraggeber: Amt der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung Fachabteilung 17C - Technische Umweltkontrolle Referat Luftgüteüberwachung Landhausgasse 7 8010 Graz
UR - http://www.luis.steiermark.at/cms/dokumente/10047572_2063855/06acd524/Endbericht_Graz.pdf
Y2 - 2013/08/24/13:14:18
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Revision der österreichischen Luftschadstoffinventur OLI für NH, NMVOC und NOx
AU - Amon, B
AU - Hörtenhuber, S
DA - 2008///
PY - 2008
M3 - Bericht im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes
PB - Institut für Landtechnik, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Österreich
ER -
TY - RPRT
TI - Tierhaltung und Wirtschaftsdüngermanagement in Österreich.
AU - Amon, Barbara
AU - Fröhlich, M
AU - Weißensteiner, R
AU - Zablatnik, B
AU - Amon, T
DA - 2007///
PY - 2007
M3 - Endbericht
PB - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien. Österreich
SN - Projekt Nr 1441
N1 - Dokument nicht auffindabr
ER - TY - JOUR TI - Short-term effects of controlling fossil-fuel soot, biofuel soot and gases, and methane on climate, Arctic ice, and air pollution health AU - Jacobson, Mark Z. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres AB - This study examines the short-term (∼15 year) effects of controlling fossil-fuel soot (FS) (black carbon (BC), primary organic matter (POM), and S(IV) (H2SO4(aq), HSO4−, and SO42−)), solid-biofuel soot and gases (BSG) (BC, POM, S(IV), K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, NO3−, Cl− and several dozen gases, including CO2 and CH4), and methane on global and Arctic temperatures, cloudiness, precipitation, and atmospheric composition. Climate response simulations were run with GATOR-GCMOM, accounting for both microphysical (indirect) and radiative effects of aerosols on clouds and precipitation. The model treated discrete size-resolved aging and internal mixing of aerosol soot, discrete size-resolved evolution of clouds/precipitation from externally and internally mixed aerosol particles, and soot absorption in aerosols, clouds/precipitation, and snow/sea ice. Eliminating FS, FS+BSG (FSBSG), and CH4 in isolation were found to reduce global surface air temperatures by a statistically significant 0.3–0.5 K, 0.4–0.7 K, and 0.2–0.4 K, respectively, averaged over 15 years. As net global warming (0.7–0.8 K) is due mostly to gross pollutant warming from fossil-fuel greenhouse gases (2–2.4 K), and FSBSG (0.4–0.7 K) offset by cooling due to non-FSBSG aerosol particles (−1.7 to −2.3 K), removing FS and FSBSG may reduce 13–16% and 17–23%, respectively, of gross warming to date. Reducing FS, FSBSG, and CH4 in isolation may reduce warming above the Arctic Circle by up to ∼1.2 K, ∼1.7 K, and ∼0.9 K, respectively. Both FS and BSG contribute to warming, but FS is a stronger contributor per unit mass emission. However, BSG may cause 8 times more mortality than FS. The global e-folding lifetime of emitted BC (from all fossil sources) against internal mixing by coagulation was ∼3 h, similar to data, and that of all BC against dry plus wet removal was ∼4.7 days. About 90% of emitted FS BC mass was lost to internal mixing by coagulation, ∼7% to wet removal, ∼3% to dry removal, and a residual remaining airborne. Of all emitted plus internally mixed BC, ∼92% was wet removed and ∼8% dry removed, with a residual remaining airborne. The 20 and 100 year surface temperature response per unit continuous emissions (STRE) (similar to global warming potentials (GWPs)) of BC in FS were 4500–7200 and 2900–4600, respectively; those of BC in BSG were 2100–4000 and 1060–2020, respectively; and those of CH4 were 52–92 and 29–63, respectively. Thus, FSBSG may be the second leading cause of warming after CO2. Controlling FS and BSG may be a faster method of reducing Arctic ice loss and global warming than other options, including controlling CH4 or CO2, although all controls are needed. DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 DO - 10.1029/2009JD013795 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 115 IS - D14 LA - en SN - 2156-2202 UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009JD013795/abstract Y2 - 2013/09/24/ KW - climate KW - arctic KW - black carbon ER - TY - BOOK TI - 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories AU - IPCC A3 - Eggleston, H. S A3 - National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme A3 - Buendia, L. A3 - Ngara, T. A3 - Tanabe, K. CY - Hayama, Japan DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DP - Open WorldCat LA - English PB - Institute for Global Environmental Strategies SN - 4-88788-032-4 978-4-88788-032-0 UR - http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.htm Y2 - 2013/09/24/09:41:05 ER - TY - STAT TI - Richtlinie 2006/40/EGdes Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates über Emissionen aus Klimaanlagen in Kraftfahrzeugen und zur Änderung der Richtlinie 70/156/EWG des Rates (Text mit Bedeutung für den EWR) T2 - L 161/12 DA - 2006/05/17/ PY - 2006 SP - 7 LA - de UR - http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:161:0012:0018:de:PDF ER - TY - STAT TI - Richtlinie 2004/8/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates über die Förderung einer am Nutzwärmebedarf orientierten Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung im Energie- binnenmarkt und zur Änderung der Richtlinie 92/42/EWG T2 - L 52/50 DA - 2004/02/01/ PY - 2004 SP - 11 LA - de UR - http://www.energieverbraucher.de/files_db/1303917793_7851__12.pdf ER - TY - STAT TI - Richtlinie 2009/28/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates zur Förderung der Nutzung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen und zur Änderung und anschließenden Aufhebung der Richtlinien 2001/77/EG und 2003/30/EG T2 - L 140/16 DA - 2009/04/23/ PY - 2009 SP - 47 LA - de UR - http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:140:0016:0062:DE:PDF ER - TY - RPRT TI - Particulate Matter - Properties related to Health Effects.Final Report COST633. AU - Hitzenberger, Regina AU - Tursic, J. DA - 2009/// PY - 2009 SP - 153 UR - http://www2.dmu.dk/atmosphericenvironment/cost633/downloads/final_report_part_2_may2009.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AU - IPCC A3 - Stocker, T. F. A3 - Qin, D. A3 - Plattner, G.-K. A3 - Tignor, M. A3 - Allen, S.K. A3 - Boschung, J. A3 - Nauels, A. A3 - Xia, Y. A3 - Bex, V. A3 - Midgley, P.M. CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 SP - 1535 PB - Cambridge University Press UR - http://www.climatechange2013.org/ ER - TY - BOOK TI - Greenhouse Gas Inventory - IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. AU - IPCC A3 - Houghton, J.T. A3 - Meira Filho, L.G. A3 - Lim, B. A3 - Treanton, K. A3 - Mamaty, I. A3 - Bonduki, Y. A3 - Grigga, D.J. A3 - Callander, B.A. CY - Bracknell, UK DA - 1997/// PY - 1997 PB - IPCC/OECD/IEA UR - http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invs4.html Y2 - 2013/11/16/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - "AQUELLA“ Steiermark Endbericht. Bestimmung von Immissionsbeiträgen in Feinstaubproben AU - Bauer, H. AU - Marr, I. AU - Kasper-Giebl, A. AU - Limbeck, A. AU - Caseiro, A. AU - Handler, M. AU - Jankowski, N. AU - Klatzer, B. AU - Kotianova, P. AU - Pouresmaeil, P. AU - Schmidl, Ch. AU - Sageder, M. AU - Puxbaum, H DA - 2007a PY - 2007a M3 - Endbericht SN - Lu-08/07. Auftraggeber: Amt der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung Fachabteilung 17C - Technische Umweltkontrolle Referat Luftgüteüberwachung Landhausgasse 7 8010 Graz UR - http://www.luis.steiermark.at/cms/dokumente/10047572_2063855/06acd524/Endbericht_Graz.pdf Y2 - 2013/08/24/13:14:18 ER - TY - RPRT TI - AQUELLA Kärnten/Klagenfurt - Aerosolquellenanalysen für Kärnten PM10-Filteranalysen nach dem „AQUELLA-Verfahren“. AU - Bauer, H. AU - Marr, I. AU - Kaspar-Giebl, A. AU - Limbeck, A AU - Caseiro, A. AU - Handler, M. AU - Jankowski, N. AU - Klatzer, B. AU - Kotianova, P AU - Pouresmaeil, P. AU - Schmidl, Ch. AU - Sageder, M. AU - Puxbaum, H. CY - Kärnten DA - 2007b PY - 2007b M3 - Endbericht. Im Auftrag von Land Kärnten und der Stadt Klagenfurt mit finanzieller Unterstützung der Europäischen Kommission SN - US-Zahl: 436/1699/04 UR - http://www.ktn.gv.at/42754_DE-Sonderberichte-AQUELLA_Endbericht_Kaernten-Klagenfurt_final.pdf.pdf. ER - TY - CONF TI - Das Modell PHEM zur Erstellung der Basis-Emissionsfaktoren im neuen HBEFA 3.1 AU - Luz, R. AU - Zallinger, M. AU - Hausberger, S. AU - Hirschmann, K AU - Fellendorf, M. T2 - Workshops Luftreinhaltung und Modelle C1 - Freiburg, Germany C3 - Proceedings des 3. Freiburger Workshops Luftreinhaltung und Modelle DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 UR - https://online.tugraz.at/tug_online/voe_main2.showMask?pOrg=123&pPersonNr=0&pCurrPk=51924&pVtKbz=VPW&pStatus=A&pSiteNr=1004600 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 2006 AU - WMO T2 - World Meteorological Organisation, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project–Report DA - 2007/// PY - 2007 DP - Google Scholar VL - 50 ST - Scientific assessment of ozone depletion ER - TY - CONF TI - A Simple Box Model to Simulate Local Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol. AU - Winiwarter, W. AU - G. Ulbert AU - Puxbaum, H. T2 - European Aerosol Conference C1 - Leipzig C3 - Abstracts of the European Aerosol Conference DA - 2001a PY - 2001a VL - 32 SP - S757 EP - S758 PB - Journal of Aerosol Sciences UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(01)00182-3 ER - TY - SLIDE TI - TTORCH – A New ESF Research Network for Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases. Klimafosrschungsinitiative AustroClim. 11. Österreichischer Klimatag: Forschung zu „Klima im Wandel, Auswirkungen und Strategien“ in Österreich T2 - 11. Österreichischer Klimatag: Forschung zu „Klima im Wandel, Auswirkungen und Strategien“ in Österreich A2 - Seibert, P. CY - Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien DA - 2010/03/11/ PY - 2010 M3 - Poster UR - http://www.austroclim.at/?95 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Straßenverkehrsemissionen und Emissionen sonstiger mobiler Quellen Österreichs für die Jahre 1990 bis 2010. AU - Schwingshackl, M. AU - Hausberger, Stefan CY - Graz, Österreich DA - 2011/12/14/ PY - 2011 M3 - Forschungsbericht PB - Im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamts, Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik, Technische Universität Graz SN - FVT-80/11/Haus Em 20/11-6790 UR - https://online.tugraz.at/tug_online/voe_main2.showMask?pCurrPk=62431&porg=37&pVtkbz=EFB&pStatus=A&pSiteNr=1004600 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Mehr Wald in Österreich AU - Russ, Wolfgang T2 - BFW Praxisinformation DA - 2011/// PY - 2011 VL - 24 SP - 3 EP - 5 UR - http://bfw.ac.at/db/bfwcms.web?dok=8746 Y2 - 2013/11/26/ ER - TY - JOUR TI - An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons AU - Stohl, A. AU - Seibert, P. AU - Arduini, J. AU - Eckhardt, S. AU - Fraser, P. AU - Greally, B. R. AU - Lunder, C. AU - Maione, M. AU - Mühle, J. AU - O'Doherty, S. AU - Prinn, R. G. AU - Reimann, S. AU - Saito, T. AU - Schmidbauer, N. AU - Simmonds, P. G. AU - Vollmer, M. K. AU - Weiss, R. F. AU - Yokouchi, Y. T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics AB - A new analytical inversion method has been developed to determine the regional and global emissions of long-lived atmospheric trace gases. It exploits in situ measurement data from three global networks and builds on backward simulations with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model. The emission information is extracted from the observed concentration increases over a baseline that is itself objectively determined by the inversion algorithm. The method was applied to two hydrofluorocarbons (HFC-134a, HFC-152a) and a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC-22) for the period January 2005 until March 2007. Detailed sensitivity studies with synthetic as well as with real measurement data were done to quantify the influence on the results of the a priori emissions and their uncertainties as well as of the observation and model errors. It was found that the global a posteriori emissions of HFC-134a, HFC-152a and HCFC-22 all increased from 2005 to 2006. Large increases (21%, 16%, 18%, respectively) from 2005 to 2006 were found for China, whereas the emission changes in North America (−9%, 23%, 17%, respectively) and Europe (11%, 11%, −4%, respectively) were mostly smaller and less systematic. For Europe, the a posteriori emissions of HFC-134a and HFC-152a were slightly higher than the a priori emissions reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). For HCFC-22, the a posteriori emissions for Europe were substantially (by almost a factor 2) higher than the a priori emissions used, which were based on HCFC consumption data reported to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Combined with the reported strongly decreasing HCFC consumption in Europe, this suggests a substantial time lag between the reported time of the HCFC-22 consumption and the actual time of the HCFC-22 emission. Conversely, in China where HCFC consumption is increasing rapidly according to the UNEP data, the a posteriori emissions are only about 40% of the a priori emissions. This reveals a substantial storage of HCFC-22 and potential for future emissions in China. Deficiencies in the geographical distribution of stations measuring halocarbons in relation to estimating regional emissions are also discussed in the paper. Applications of the inversion algorithm to other greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide or carbon dioxide are foreseen for the future. DA - 2009/03/03/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.5194/acp-9-1597-2009 DP - Copernicus Online Journals VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - 1597 EP - 1620 J2 - Atmos. Chem. Phys. SN - 1680-7324 ST - An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases UR - http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/1597/2009/ Y2 - 2014/04/14/16:07:07 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Stratospheric temperature trends: impact of ozone variability and the QBO AU - Dall’Amico, Mauro AU - Gray, Lesley J. AU - Rosenlof, Karen H. AU - Scaife, Adam A. AU - Shine, Keith P. AU - Stott, Peter A. T2 - Climate Dynamics AB - In most climate simulations used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 fourth assessment report, stratospheric processes are only poorly represented. For example, climatological or simple specifications of time-varying ozone concentrations are imposed and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of equatorial stratospheric zonal wind is absent. Here we investigate the impact of an improved stratospheric representation using two sets of perturbed simulations with the Hadley Centre coupled ocean atmosphere model HadGEM1 with natural and anthropogenic forcings for the 1979–2003 period. In the first set of simulations, the usual zonal mean ozone climatology with superimposed trends is replaced with a time series of observed zonal mean ozone distributions that includes interannual variability associated with the solar cycle, QBO and volcanic eruptions. In addition to this, the second set of perturbed simulations includes a scheme in which the stratospheric zonal wind in the tropics is relaxed to appropriate zonal mean values obtained from the ERA-40 re-analysis, thus forcing a QBO. Both of these changes are applied strictly to the stratosphere only. The improved ozone field results in an improved simulation of the stepwise temperature transitions observed in the lower stratosphere in the aftermath of the two major recent volcanic eruptions. The contribution of the solar cycle signal in the ozone field to this improved representation of the stepwise cooling is discussed. The improved ozone field and also the QBO result in an improved simulation of observed trends, both globally and at tropical latitudes. The Eulerian upwelling in the lower stratosphere in the equatorial region is enhanced by the improved ozone field and is affected by the QBO relaxation, yet neither induces a significant change in the upwelling trend. DA - 2010/02/01/ PY - 2010 DO - 10.1007/s00382-009-0604-x DP - link.springer.com VL - 34 IS - 2-3 SP - 381 EP - 398 J2 - Clim Dyn LA - en SN - 0930-7575, 1432-0894 ST - Stratospheric temperature trends UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-009-0604-x Y2 - 2014/04/14/16:04:55 KW - Meteorology/Climatology KW - Geophysics/Geodesy KW - Oceanography KW - 11-year solar cycle KW - All-forcings simulations of recent climate assessed by the IPCC 2007 AR4 KW - Observed zonal mean ozone distributions KW - QBO of stratospheric equatorial zonal wind KW - Variability and trends of stratospheric temperatures KW - Volcanic eruptions of El Chichón and Mt. Pinatubo ER - TY - RPRT TI - Backgroundmessungen Sonnblick. Erfassung von Gase, Aerosol und nasser Deposition an der Hintergrundmessstelle Sonnblick. AU - Sanchez-Ochoa, A. AU - Kasper-Giebl, A. DA - 2005/// PY - 2005 M3 - Endbericht im Auftrag GZ 30.995/2-VI/A/5/02 des Bundesministeriums für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur PB - Technische Universität Wien, Österreich ER - TY - JOUR TI - Results of the “carbon conference” international aerosol carbon round robin test stage I AU - Schmid, Heidrun AU - Laskus, Lothar AU - Jürgen Abraham, Hans AU - Baltensperger, Urs AU - Lavanchy, Vincent AU - Bizjak, Mirko AU - Burba, Peter AU - Cachier, Helene AU - Crow, Dale AU - Chow, Judith AU - Gnauk, Thomas AU - Even, Arja AU - ten Brink, H.M AU - Giesen, Klaus-Peter AU - Hitzenberger, Regina AU - Hueglin, Christoph AU - Maenhaut, Willy AU - Pio, Casimiro AU - Carvalho, Abel AU - Putaud, Jean-Philippe AU - Toom-Sauntry, Desiree AU - Puxbaum, Hans T2 - Atmospheric Environment AB - An international round robin test on the analysis of carbonaceous aerosols on quartz fiber filters sampled at an urban site was organized by the Vienna University of Technology. Seventeen laboratories participated using nine different thermal and optical methods. For the analysis of total carbon (TC), a good agreement of the values obtained by all laboratories was found (7 and 9% r.s.d.) with only two outliers in the complete data set. In contrast the results of the determination of elemental carbon (EC) in two not pre-extracted samples were highly variable ranging over more than one order of magnitude and the relative standard deviations (r.s.d.) of the means were 36.6 and 45.5%. The laboratories that obtained similar results by using methods which reduce the charring artifact were put together to a new data set in order to approach a “real EC” value. The new data set consisting of the results of 10 laboratories using seven different methods showed 16 and 24% lower averages and r.s.d. of 14 and 24% for the two not pre-extracted samples. Taking the current filters as “equivalents” for urban aerosol samples we conclude that the following methods can be used for the analysis of EC in carbonaceous aerosols: thermal methods with an optical feature to correct for charring during pyrolysis, two-step thermal procedures reducing charring during pyrolysis, the VDI 2465/1 method (removal of OC by solvent extraction and thermodesorption in nitrogen) and the VDI 2465/2 method (combustion of OC and EC at different temperatures) with an additional pre-extraction with a dimethyl formamide (DMF)/toluene mixture. Only thermal methods without any correction for charring during pyrolysis and the VDI 2465/2 method were outside the range of twice the standard deviation of the new data set. For a filter sample pre-extracted with the DMF/toluene mixture the average and r.s.d. from all laboratories (20.7 μgC; 24.4% r.s.d.) was very similar as for the laboratory set reduced to 10 laboratories (20.6 μgC; 19% r.s.d.). Thus DMF pre-extraction appears to improve the performance of the thermal methods without charring during pyrolysis control, e.g. the VDI 2465/2 methods. DA - 2001/04// PY - 2001 DO - 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00493-3 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 35 IS - 12 SP - 2111 EP - 2121 J2 - Atmospheric Environment SN - 1352-2310 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231000004933 Y2 - 2013/09/24/12:16:17 KW - Elemental carbon KW - Intercomparison KW - Pyrolysis KW - Soot KW - Thermal–optical method ER - TY - STAT TI - 164.⬚⬚ Verordnung des Bundesministers für Umwelt über die Ablagerung von Abfällen (Deponieverordnung) AU - BGBl DA - 1996/04/10/ PY - 1996 SP - 45 UR - http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1996_164_0/1996_164_0.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrogen oxides emission from two beech forests subjected to different nitrogen loads. AU - Kitzler, B. AU - Zechmeister-Boltenstein, S. AU - Holtermann, C. AU - Skiba, U. AU - Butterbach-Bahl, K. T2 - Biogeosciences DA - 2006/// PY - 2006 DO - 10.5194/bg-3-293-2006 VL - 3 IS - 3, pp. 243-382 SP - 293 EP - 310 UR - http://www.biogeosciences.net/3/293/2006/bg-3-293-2006.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nitrous oxide emissions from soils: how well do we understand the processes and their controls? AU - Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus AU - Baggs, Elizabeth M. AU - Dannenmann, Michael AU - Kiese, Ralf AU - Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie T2 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences AB - Although it is well established that soils are the dominating source for atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), we are still struggling to fully understand the complexity of the underlying microbial production and consumption processes and the links to biotic (e.g. inter- and intraspecies competition, food webs, plant–microbe interaction) and abiotic (e.g. soil climate, physics and chemistry) factors. Recent work shows that a better understanding of the composition and diversity of the microbial community across a variety of soils in different climates and under different land use, as well as plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere, may provide a key to better understand the variability of N2O fluxes at the soil–atmosphere interface. Moreover, recent insights into the regulation of the reduction of N2O to dinitrogen (N2) have increased our understanding of N2O exchange. This improved process understanding, building on the increased use of isotope tracing techniques and metagenomics, needs to go along with improvements in measurement techniques for N2O (and N2) emission in order to obtain robust field and laboratory datasets for different ecosystem types. Advances in both fields are currently used to improve process descriptions in biogeochemical models, which may eventually be used not only to test our current process understanding from the microsite to the field level, but also used as tools for up-scaling emissions to landscapes and regions and to explore feedbacks of soil N2O emissions to changes in environmental conditions, land management and land use. DA - 2013/05/07/ PY - 2013 DO - 10.1098/rstb.2013.0122 DP - rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org VL - 368 IS - 1621 SP - 953 EP - 962 J2 - Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B LA - en SN - 0962-8436, 1471-2970 ST - Nitrous oxide emissions from soils UR - http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/368/1621/20130122 Y2 - 2013/08/29/ KW - modelling KW - environmental controls KW - N2O KW - processes ER - TY - STAT TI - 301. Verordnung: Beschränkungen und Verbote der Verwendung, der Herstellung und des Inverkehrsetzens von Vollhalogenierten Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffen AU - BGBl DA - 1990/06/15/ PY - 1990 SP - 6 UR - http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1990_302_0/1990_302_0.pdf ER - TY - STAT TI - 447. Verordnung des Bundesministers für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft über Verbote und Beschränkungen teilfluorierter und vollfluorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe sowie von Schwefelhexafluorid (HFKW-FKW-SF 6 -V) AU - BGBl DA - 2002/12/10/ PY - 2002 SP - 7 SE - II UR - http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/2002_447_2/2002_447_2.pdf ER - TY - JOUR TI - Intercomparison of Measurement Techniques for Black or Elemental Carbon Under Urban Background Conditions in Wintertime: Influence of Biomass Combustion AU - Reisinger, P. AU - Wonaschuetz, A. AU - Hitzenberger, R. AU - Petzold, A. AU - Bauer, H. AU - Jankowski, N. AU - Puxbaum, H. AU - Chi, X. AU - Maenhaut, W. T2 - Environmental Science & Technology DA - 2008/02// PY - 2008 DO - 10.1021/es0715041 DP - CrossRef VL - 42 IS - 3 SP - 884 EP - 889 SN - 0013-936X, 1520-5851 ST - Intercomparison of Measurement Techniques for Black or Elemental Carbon Under Urban Background Conditions in Wintertime UR - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es0715041 Y2 - 2013/08/25/15:39:21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Application of the Integrating Sphere Method to Separate the Contributions of Brown and Black Carbon in Atmospheric Aerosols AU - Wonaschuetz, Anna AU - Hitzenberger, Regina AU - Bauer, Heidi AU - Pouresmaeil, Parissa AU - Klatzer, Barbara AU - Caseiro, Alexandre AU - Puxbaum, Hans T2 - Environmental Science & Technology DA - 2009/02/15/ PY - 2009 DO - 10.1021/es8008503 DP - CrossRef VL - 43 IS - 4 SP - 1141 EP - 1146 SN - 0013-936X, 1520-5851 UR - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es8008503 Y2 - 2013/08/25/16:52:55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model – Part 1: Model description AU - Simpson, D. AU - Benedictow, A. AU - Berge, H. AU - Bergstroem, R. AU - Emberson, L. D. AU - Fagerli, H. AU - Hayman, G. D. AU - Gauss, M. AU - Jonson, J. E. AU - Jenkin, M. E. AU - Nyíri, A. AU - Richter, C. AU - Semeena, V. S. AU - Tsyro, S. AU - Tuovinen, J.-P. AU - Valdebenito, á. AU - Wind, P. T2 - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions DA - 2012/02/02/ PY - 2012 DO - 10.5194/acpd-12-3781-2012 DP - CrossRef VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 3781 EP - 3874 SN - 1680-7375 ST - The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model – Part 1 UR - http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/12/3781/2012/acpd-12-3781-2012.html Y2 - 2013/08/25/15:58:40 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Jahresbericht der Luftgütemessungen in Österreich 2012 AU - Umweltbundesamt AU - Spangl, Wolfgang AU - Nagl, Christian CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 2013/// PY - 2013 LA - Deutsch PB - Umweltbundesamt SN - R-0421 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/aktuell/publikationen/publikationssuche/publikationsdetail/?pub_id=1984 Y2 - 2013/12/12/ ER - TY - RPRT TI - Austria´s Annual Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2010. Submission under Decision 280/2004/EC AU - Umweltbundesamt AU - Pazdernik, Katja AU - Anderl, Michael AU - Freudenschuß, Alexandra AU - Haider, Simone AU - Köther, Traute AU - Lampert, Christoph AU - Poupa, Stefan AU - Purzner, Maria CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 2012a PY - 2012a LA - Englisch PB - Umweltbundesamt SN - R-0361 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/aktuell/publikationen/publikationssuche/publikationsdetail/?pub_id=1944 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Austria's National Inventory Report 2010. Submission under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and under the Kyoto Protocol. AU - Umweltbundesamt AU - Pazdernik, Katja AU - Anderl, Michael AU - Freudenschuß, Alexandra AU - Friedrich, Angela AU - Köther, Traute AU - Kriech, Martin AU - Kuschel, Verena AU - Muik, Barbara AU - Poupa, Stefan AU - Schodl, Barbara AU - Stranner, Gudrun AU - Schwaiger, Elisabeth AU - Seuss, Katrin AU - Weiss, Peter AU - Wieser, Manuela AU - Zethner, Gerhard AB - The National Inventory Report 2010 (NIR 2010) gives a detailed and comprehensive description of the methodology applied in the Austrian air emissions inventory for the greenhouse gases of the “Kyoto basket” (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, HFC, PFC and SF6). With this report, Austria complies with its reporting obligations under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol by providing transparent and verifiable documentation. It contains sector-specific emissions for the years 1990 to 2008, emission factors, activity data and basic data for emission calculations as well as additional information relevant for reporting under the Kyoto Protocol. Moreover, the NIR 2010 provides documentation of the national inventory system and quality assurance as performed by the accredited inspection body (ISO/IEC 17020) on emission inventories. CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 2010/// PY - 2010 LA - Englisch PB - Umweltbundesamt SN - R-0265 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/aktuell/publikationen/publikationssuche/publikationsdetail/?pub_id=1849 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Austria's National Inventory Report 2012. Submission under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and under the Kyoto Protocol. AU - Umweltbundesamt AU - Pazdernik, Katja AU - Anderl, Michael AU - Freudenschuß, Alexandra AU - Friedrich, Angela AU - Haider, Simone AU - Jobstmann, Heide AU - Köther, Traute AU - Kriech, Martin AU - Kuschel, Verena AU - Lampert, Christoph AU - Poupa, Stefan AU - Purzner, Maria AU - Sporer, Melanie AU - Schodl, Barbara AU - Stranner, Gudrun AU - Schwaiger, Elisabeth AU - Seuss, Katrin AU - Weiss, Peter AU - Wieser, Manuela AU - Zechmeister, Andreas AU - Zether, Gerhard CY - Wien,Österreich DA - 2012c PY - 2012c LA - Englisch PB - Umweltbundesamt SN - R-0381 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/aktuell/publikationen/publikationssuche/publikationsdetail/?pub_id=1961 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Energiewirtschaftliche Inputdaten und Szenarien als Grundlage für die Klimastrategie 2020 und den Monitoring Mechnism 2011: Synthesebericht 2011 AU - Umweltbundesamt AU - Krutzler, Thomas AU - Böhmer, S. AU - Gössl, M. AU - Lichtblau, Günther AU - Schindler, Ilse AU - Storch, Alexander AU - Stranner, Gudrun AU - Wiesenberger, Herbert AU - Zechmeister, Andreas CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 2011a PY - 2011a DP - Open WorldCat LA - German PB - Umweltbundsamt SN - R-0333 ST - Energiewirtschaftliche Inputdaten und Szenarien als Grundlage für die Klimastrategie 2020 und den Monitoring Mechnism 2011 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/aktuell/publikationen/publikationssuche/publikationsdetail/?pub_id=1910 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Austria´s Annual Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2012. AU - Umweltbundesamt AU - Anderl, Michael AU - Freudenschuß, A. AU - Haider, S AU - Jobstmann, Heide AU - Köther, Traute AU - Lampert, Christoph AU - Pazdernik, Katja AU - Pinterits, M AU - Poupa, Stefan AU - Moosmann, Lorenz AU - Schmid, Christoph AU - Schwaiger, Elisabeth AU - Schwarzl, B AU - Stranner, Gudrun AU - Weiss, Peter AU - Zechmeister, Andreas CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 2014/// PY - 2014 LA - Englisch PB - Umweltbundesamt SN - R-0452 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/aktuell/publikationen/publikationssuche/publikationsdetail/?pub_id=1964 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Emissionstrends 1990 - 2010. Ein Überblick über die Verursacher von Luftschadstoffen in Österreich. AU - Umweltbundesamt AU - Anderl, M. AU - Gangl, M. AU - Jobstmann, H. AU - Kampel, E. AU - Köther, T. AU - Mandl, N. AU - Nagl, C. AU - Pazdernik, K. AU - Perl, S. AU - Poupa, S. AU - Schodl, B. AU - Zechmeister, A. CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 2012d PY - 2012d PB - Umweltbundesamt SN - T-0393 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bundesländer Luftschadstoff-Inventur 1990-2009.Regionalisierung der nationalen Emissionsdaten auf Grundlage von EU-Berichtspflichten AU - Umweltbundesamt AU - Anderl, M. AU - Gangl, M. AU - Ibesich, N. AU - Pazdernik, Katja AU - Poupa, Stefan AU - Purzner, Maria AU - Zechmeister, Andreas AB - In der Bundesländer Luftschadstoff-Inventur ordnet das Umweltbundesamt die nationalen Emissionsdaten aus der Österreichischen Luftschadstoff-Inventur den einzelnen Bundesländern zu. Der Bericht zeigt die Entwicklung der Treibhausgase und anderer ausgewählter Luftschadstoffe für die Jahre 1990 bis 2009 (Feinstaub PM 10 und PM2,5: 2000 bis 2009) auf Ebene der Bundesländer. Im vorliegenden Report wurden die Untersuchungen um Darstellungen zur Stromproduktion ergänzt. Dabei wurden die Anteile der Erneuerbaren für jedes Bundesland nach Energieträgern aufbereitet. In der Analyse enthalten ist die Stromerzeugung in öffentlichen Kraftwerken und in der Industrie. Die Bundesländer Luftschadstoff-Inventur wird vom Umweltbundesamt in Kooperation mit den Ämtern der Landesregierungen jährlich erstellt. CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 2011b PY - 2011b PB - Umweltbundesamt SN - R-352 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Bundesländer Luftschadstiff-Inventur 1990-2010. Regionalisierung der nationalen Emissionsdaten auf Grundlage von EU-Berichtspflichten. AU - Umweltbundesamt AU - Anderl, M. AU - Gangl, M. AU - Haider, S. AU - Ibesich, N. AU - Pazdernik, K. AU - Poupa, S. AU - Schenk, C AU - Zechmeister, A. CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 2012e PY - 2012e PB - Umweltbundesamt SN - R-0400 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Austria´s Informative Inventory Report (IIR) 2012. Submission under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. AU - Umweltbundesamt AU - Köther, Traute AU - Anderl, Michael AU - Haider, Simone AU - Jobstmann, Heide AU - Pazdernik, Katja AU - Perl, Daniela AU - Poupa, Stefan AU - Purzner, Maria AU - Schodl, Barbara AU - Sporer, Melanie AU - Stranner, Gudrun AU - Wieser, Manuela AU - Zechmeister, Andreas CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 2012b PY - 2012b LA - Englisch PB - Umweltbundesamt SN - R-0380 UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/aktuell/publikationen/publikationssuche/publikationsdetail/?pub_id=1964 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Update der Emissionsprognose Verkehr Österreich bis 2030 AU - Hausberger, S. AU - Schwingshackl, M. CY - Graz DA - 2011/03/28/ PY - 2011 M3 - Studie erstellt im Auftrag des Klima- und Energiefonds PB - Technische Universität SN - Inst-03/11/ Haus Em 09/10-679 UR - http://www.klimafonds.gv.at/assets/Uploads/Studien/EndberichtB061466BerichtTUGrazEmissionsprognose-Verkehr.pdf Y2 - 2013/11/29/ ER -