This paper provides an overview of climatic changes that have been observed during the past century at certain high-elevation sites, and changes in a more distant past documented by a variety of climate-sensitive environmental indicators, such as tree-rings and alpine glaciers, that serve as a measure of the natural variability of climate in mountains over longer time scales. Detailed studies such as those found in this special issue of Climatic Change , as well as those noted in this review, for the mountain regions of the world, advance our understanding in a variety of ways. They are not only helpful to characterize present and past climatological features in the mountainous zones, but they also provide useful information to the climate modeling community. Because of the expected refinements in the physical parameterizations of climate models in coming years, and the probable increase in the spatial resolution of GCMs, the use of appropriate data from high elevation sites will become of increasing importance for model initialization, verification, and intercomparison purposes. The necessity of accurate projections of climate change is paramount to assessing the likely impacts of climate change on mountain biodiversity, hydrology and cryosphere, and on the numerous economic activities which take place in these regions.
AU - Beniston, M. AU - Diaz, H. F. AU - Bradley, R. S. IS - 3/4 PY - 1997 SP - 233-251 ST - CLIMATIC CHANGE AT HIGH ELEVATION SITES: AN OVERVIEW T2 - Climatic Change TI - CLIMATIC CHANGE AT HIGH ELEVATION SITES: AN OVERVIEW UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/klu/clim/1997/00000036/f0020003/00135992 VL - 36 ID - 280 ER - TY - BOOK AU - BENJES, H. CY - Bonn ET - 5., überarb. Aufl. N1 - Hermann Benjes Ill., graph. Darst. PB - Natur-und Umwelt-Verlag PY - 1998 SN - 3-924749-15-9 Pp. SP - 157 S. ST - Die Vernetzung von Lebensräumen mit Benjeshecken TI - Die Vernetzung von Lebensräumen mit Benjeshecken ID - 281 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Benning, T. L. AU - LaPointe AU - D AU - Atkinson AU - T, C. AU - Vitousek AU - M, P. LB - benn02 PY - 2002 SP - 14246-14249 ST - Interactions of climate change with biological invasions and land use in the Hawaiian Islands: Modeling the fate of endemic birds using a geographic information system T2 - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA TI - Interactions of climate change with biological invasions and land use in the Hawaiian Islands: Modeling the fate of endemic birds using a geographic information system VL - 99 ID - 282 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Benning, T. L. AU - LaPointe AU - D. AU - Atkinson AU - T., C. AU - Vitousek AU - M., P. LB - benn02 PY - 2002 SP - 14246-14249 ST - Interactions of climate change with biological invasions and land use in the Hawaiian Islands: Modeling the fate of endemic birds using a geographic information system T2 - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA TI - Interactions of climate change with biological invasions and land use in the Hawaiian Islands: Modeling the fate of endemic birds using a geographic information system VL - 99 ID - 283 ER - TY - THES AU - BENZ, W. PY - 1982 ST - Beobachtungen zum Auftreten und zur Populationsdynamik des Ampferblattkäfers an verschiedenen Standorten in Baden-Würtemberg T2 - Diplomarbeit an der Universität Hohenheim TI - Beobachtungen zum Auftreten und zur Populationsdynamik des Ampferblattkäfers an verschiedenen Standorten in Baden-Würtemberg ID - 284 ER - TY - JOUR AU - BENZARTI, J. PY - 1999 SE - 95 SP - 14 ST - Temperature and water-use efficiency by lucerne (Medicago sativa) sheltered by a tree windbreak in Tunisia. T2 - Agroforestry Systems TI - Temperature and water-use efficiency by lucerne (Medicago sativa) sheltered by a tree windbreak in Tunisia. VL - 43 ID - 285 ER - TY - JOUR AU - BERAN, F. IS - 2. Sondernummer PY - 1951 SP - 1 ST - Die Bekämpfungsaktionen 1951 gegen Maikäfer und Engerlinge T2 - Der Pflanzenarzt TI - Die Bekämpfungsaktionen 1951 gegen Maikäfer und Engerlinge VL - 4 ID - 286 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Berger, E. CY - Wien PB - Böhlau Verlag GmbH PY - 2002-2004 SN - 3-205-99353-5 ST - Historische Gärten Österreichs TI - Historische Gärten Österreichs VL - Band 1.-3. ID - 287 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berger, R. LB - berg92 PY - 1992 SP - 105-114 ST - Massenauftreten der Kleinen Fichtenblattwespe Pristiphora abietina (Christ im Hausruck im Zusammenhang mit forstschädlichen Luftverunreinugungen. Dissertation TI - Massenauftreten der Kleinen Fichtenblattwespe Pristiphora abietina (Christ im Hausruck im Zusammenhang mit forstschädlichen Luftverunreinugungen. Dissertation VL - 1 ID - 288 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Berggren, Dan AU - Bergkvist, Bo AU - Johansson, Maj-Britt AU - Langvall, Ola AU - Majdi, Hooshang AU - Melkerud, Per-Arne AU - Nilsson, Åke AU - Weslien, Per AU - Olsson, Mats CY - Uppsala LB - berggren:04 PB - SLU PY - 2004 SN - 87 ST - A description of the LUSTRA's common field sites TI - A description of the LUSTRA's common field sites ID - 289 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bergmann, F. LB - berg99 PY - 1999 SP - 81-86 ST - Langfristige Zunahme früher Bruten beim Teichrohrsänger (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) in einem südwestdeutschen Untersuchungsgebiet T2 - J. Ornithol. TI - Langfristige Zunahme früher Bruten beim Teichrohrsänger (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) in einem südwestdeutschen Untersuchungsgebiet VL - 14 ID - 290 ER - TY - GEN AU - Bergmann, Nadja. AU - Pimminger, Irene. PY - 2001 ST - ToolBox Gender Mainstreaming TI - ToolBox Gender Mainstreaming UR - http://www.g-i-s-a.de/res.php?id=144 ID - 3616 ER - TY - GEN A2 - Pimminger, Irene AU - Bergmann, Nadja. AU - Pimminger, Irene. CY - Wien PB - GeM-Koordinationsstelle für Gender Mainstreaming im ESF L&R Sozialforschung im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Arbeit PY - 2004 ST - Praxishandbuch Gender Mainstreaming. Konzept, Umsetzung, Erfahrung. TI - Praxishandbuch Gender Mainstreaming. Konzept, Umsetzung, Erfahrung ID - 3617 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berkes, S. LB - berk99 PY - 1999 SP - 109 ST - Witterungsabhängige Amphibienwanderung im NSG ``Ahrensburger Tunneltal`` im Frühjahr 1999 T2 - Seevögel: Zeitschrift Verein Jordsand TI - Witterungsabhängige Amphibienwanderung im NSG ``Ahrensburger Tunneltal`` im Frühjahr 1999 VL - 20 ID - 291 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bernays, E. A. LB - bern97 PY - 1997 SP - 121-123 ST - Feeding by lepitoptera larvae is dangerous T2 - Ecological Entomology TI - Feeding by lepitoptera larvae is dangerous VL - 22 ID - 292 ER - TY - JOUR AU - BERNER, M. AU - SCHNETTER, W. IS - 2 PY - 2004 SP - 309-314 ST - Nematoden zur Bekämpfung von Maikäfer-Engerlingen T2 - Laimburg Journal TI - Nematoden zur Bekämpfung von Maikäfer-Engerlingen VL - 1 ID - 293 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Stomata have played a key role in the Earth System for at least 400 million years. By enabling plants to control the rate of evaporation from their photosynthetic organs, stomata helped to set in motion non-linear processes that led to an acceleration of the hydrologic cycle over the continents and an expansion of climate zones favorable for plant life. Global scale modeling of land-atmosphere interactions provides a way to explore parallels between the influence of vegetation on climate over time, and the influence of spatial and temporal variation in the activities of vegetation in the current Earth System on climate and weather. We use the logic in models that simulate land- atmosphere interactions to illustrate the central role played by stomatal conductance in the Earth System. In the modeling context, most of the activities of plants and their manifold interactions with their genomes and with the environment are communicated to the atmosphere through a single property: the aperture or conductance of their stomata. We tend to think of the controls on vegetation responses in the real world as being distributed among factors such as seasonal patterns of growth, the changing availability of soil water, or changes in light intensity and leaf water potential over a day. However, the impact of these controls on crucial exchanges of energy and water vapor with the atmosphere are also largely mediated by stomata. The decisions 'made by' stomata emerge as an important and inadequately understood component of these models. At the present time we lack effective ways to link advances in the biology of stomata to this decision making process. While not unusual, this failure to connect between disciplines, introduces uncertainty in modeling studies being used to predict weather and climate change and ultimately to inform policy decisions. This problem is also an opportunity. © 2010. 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AU - Weber-Sparenberg, C. AU - Pechura, A. AU - Renard, A. I. AU - Bergmann, H. H. PY - 1998 SP - 15-26. ST - Zur Ernährung von Alpenschneehühnern Lagopus mutus helveticus im Sommer T2 - Egretta TI - Zur Ernährung von Alpenschneehühnern Lagopus mutus helveticus im Sommer VL - 41 ID - 295 ER - TY - JOUR AU - BERTERMANN, C. AU - WEBER-SPARENBERG, C. AU - PECHURA, A. AU - RENARD, A.-I. AU - BERGMANN, H.-H. PY - 1998 SP - 15-26. ST - Zur Ernährung von Alpenschneehühnern Lagopus mutus helveticus im Sommer T2 - Egretta TI - Zur Ernährung von Alpenschneehühnern Lagopus mutus helveticus im Sommer VL - 41 ID - 296 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Berthélemy, C. LB - bert79 PY - 1979 SP - 317-335 ST - Accouplement, periode d'incubation et premiers stades larvaires de Brachyptera braueri et de Perlodes microcephalus (Plecoptera) T2 - Annls. Limnol. TI - Accouplement, periode d'incubation et premiers stades larvaires de Brachyptera braueri et de Perlodes microcephalus (Plecoptera) VL - 15 ID - 297 ER - TY - CONF A2 - Österreich, Ökosoziales Forum AU - BESENHOFER, G. PY - 2003 SP - 81-86. ST - Pflanzenkrankheiten - ein zunehmendes Problem TI - Pflanzenkrankheiten - ein zunehmendes Problem ID - 298 ER - TY - JOUR AB - From April 1977 to February 1978, wild mammals were trapped in a focus of low leishmanial endemicity (Baccinello) in the Province of Grosseto (Tuscany, Italy). Spleen homogenates of the trapped animals were injected i.p. into hamsters, from which spleen biopsies were taken after 60 days and impression smears carefully observed for the presence of Leishmania. Positive spleens were subinoculated into hamsters. 404 animals of 12 species were trapped: 31 insectivores, 317 rodents and 56 carnivores. Black rats (Rattus rattus) and field mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) were the rodent species most frequently trapped—160 and 139 respectively—of which 143 and 134 respectively were tested in hamsters for Leishmania. 35 foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were caught, of which 16 were tested for Leishmania. Four hamsters were found infested with Leishmania. Three of them had been injected with spleen homogenates from R. rattus and one from V. vulpes although liver and spleen impression smears of all trapped animals were negative for Leishmania on direct microscopical examination. The significance of Leishmania infection in wild animals in the leishmanial focus of Baccinello is discussed. AU - Bettini, S. AU - Pozio, E. AU - Gradoni, L. IS - 1 N1 - doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(80)90015-2 PY - 1980 SN - 0035-9203 SP - 77-83 ST - Leishmaniasis in Tuscany (Italy): (II) Leishmania from wild Rodentia and Carnivora in a human and canine leishmaniasis focus T2 - Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene TI - Leishmaniasis in Tuscany (Italy): (II) Leishmania from wild Rodentia and Carnivora in a human and canine leishmaniasis focus UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0035920380900152 VL - 74 ID - 299 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Beyreder, J. PY - 1965 SP - 900-901 ST - A case of leishmaniasis in Lower Austria T2 - Wien Med Wochensch TI - A case of leishmaniasis in Lower Austria VL - 115 ID - 300 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bezemer, T. M. AU - Jones AU - T.H LB - beze98 PY - 1998 SP - 212-222 ST - Plant-insect herbivore interactions in elevated atmospheric CO2: quantitative analysis and guild effects T2 - Oikos TI - Plant-insect herbivore interactions in elevated atmospheric CO2: quantitative analysis and guild effects VL - 82 ID - 301 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bezemer, T.M. AU - Jones AU - T.H. LB - beze98 PY - 1998 SP - 212-222 ST - Plant-insect herbivore interactions in elevated atmospheric CO2: quantitative analysis and guild effects T2 - Oikos TI - Plant-insect herbivore interactions in elevated atmospheric CO2: quantitative analysis and guild effects VL - 82 ID - 302 ER - TY - UNPB AU - BFW CY - Vienna PB - BFW PY - 2009 ST - Digital Soil Map for Austria TI - Digital Soil Map for Austria ID - 303 ER - TY - WEB AU - BFW PB - Bundesforschungs- und Ausbildungszentrum für Wald, Naturgefahren und Landschaft PY - 2012 ST - Österreichisches Borkenkäfer-Monitoring. TI - Österreichisches Borkenkäfer-Monitoring. UR - http://bfw.ac.at/db/bfwcms.web?dok=5312 (abgerufen am 07.03.2013) ID - 304 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Biau, Gérard AU - Zorita, Eduardo AU - von Storch, Hans AU - Wackernagel, Hans DA - April LB - biau99a N1 - Es wurde ein Vergleich zwischen einer simplen Analogmethode und einem auf Kriging basierenden Downscaling verfahren durchgeführt. Als grossräumige Variable wurde das tägliche Bodendruckfeld (nur Winter) über 15-85N und 70W-20E verwendet(1899-1989; 5x5 Grad). ***sekunde mal - welcher datensatz ist denn das? der reicht ja enorm weit zurück! > ein anders ncep projekt (und nur NCEP, KEIN NCAR), man sieht das die daten nur bis 89 gehen und eine aufloessung von 5x5 grad haben, ich dachte das zitat ist eigentlich fuer uns nicht mehr interessant, aber hast recht den autoren namen sollte man schon kennen also: jetzt wollt ich nachsehen nur im paper steht nur daten von NCEP! Lokal wurden 50 Niederschlagsstationen auf der Iberischen Halbinsel, Südfrankreich und Nord Afrika verwendet. Die Kriggingmethode zeigte bessere Ergebnisse (r=0.34 gegenüeber r=0.15) bei der Rekonstruktion des Niederschlagwertes, jedoch schlechtere bei der Wiedergabe der Varianz des beobachteten Niederschlages als die Analogmethode. ***heisst das, dass die kriging methode bessere absolutwerte liefert aber den kurvenverlauf schlechter wiedergibt? schau bitte nochmal wie das obige r bestimmt wurde und ob zwischen verschiedenen unterschieden wird; > so ist es, nicht der kurven verlauf sondern die SDT (sorry nicht die varianz) stimmt nicht so gut ueberein wie die mittelwerte. die angegebenen korrelationen beziehen sich auf tageszeitreihen, beim vergleich von longterm means zeigen sich deutliche bessere ergebnisse typisch 0.7(krigging) 0.5(analog), um welchen mittelwert es sich handelt (saison, jahr, monat?) wird nicht geschrieben, (das ist natuerlich sehr schade) oder ich bin blind. wenn man die ein 3tages mittel durchfuehrt erhoehen sich die korrelation ein wenig sprich von 0.34 auf 0.5(na no na, ist ja auch zu erwarten) PY - 1999 SP - 1070 - 1085 ST - Estimation of Precipitation by Kriging in the EOF Space of the Sea Level Pressure Field T2 - J. Climate TI - Estimation of Precipitation by Kriging in the EOF Space of the Sea Level Pressure Field VL - 12 ID - 305 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie Bundesministerium für AU - Biermayr, Peter AU - Schriefl, Ernst AU - Baumann, Bernhard AU - Sturm, Ansbert PY - 2004 ST - Maßnahmen zur Minimierung von Reboundeffekten bei der Sanierung von Wohngebäuden (MARESI). T2 - Energie- und Umweltforschung 6 TI - Maßnahmen zur Minimierung von Reboundeffekten bei der Sanierung von Wohngebäuden (MARESI). ID - 306 ER - TY - JOUR AU - BILEWICZ-PAWINSKA, T. IS - 3 PY - 1995 SP - 349-372 ST - Occurence and parasitism of cereal bug species (Heteroptera) in different crop systems. T2 - Polish ecological studies TI - Occurence and parasitism of cereal bug species (Heteroptera) in different crop systems VL - 21 ID - 307 ER - TY - GEN AU - Bilitewski, B. AU - Mantau, U. PY - 2005 ST - Stoffstrom-Modell-Holz – Bestimmung des Aufkommens, der Verwendung und des Verbleibs von Holzprdukten T2 - Celle: Forschungsbericht für den Verband Deutscher Papierfabriken e.V. (VDP) TI - Stoffstrom-Modell-Holz – Bestimmung des Aufkommens, der Verwendung und des Verbleibs von Holzprdukten ID - 3471 ER - TY - JOUR AB - * 1In many European agricultural landscapes, species richness is declining considerably. Studies performed at a very large spatial scale are helpful in understanding the reasons for this decline and as a basis for guiding policy. In a unique, large-scale study of 25 agricultural landscapes in seven European countries, we investigated relationships between species richness in several taxa, and the links between biodiversity and landscape structure and management. * 2We estimated the total species richness of vascular plants, birds and five arthropod groups in each 16-km2 landscape, and recorded various measures of both landscape structure and intensity of agricultural land use. We studied correlations between taxonomic groups and the effects of landscape and land-use parameters on the number of species in different taxonomic groups. Our statistical approach also accounted for regional variation in species richness unrelated to landscape or land-use factors. * 3The results reveal strong geographical trends in species richness in all taxonomic groups. No single species group emerged as a good predictor of all other species groups. Species richness of all groups increased with the area of semi-natural habitats in the landscape. Species richness of birds and vascular plants was negatively associated with fertilizer use. * 4Synthesis and applications. We conclude that indicator taxa are unlikely to provide an effective means of predicting biodiversity at a large spatial scale, especially where there is large biogeographical variation in species richness. However, a small list of landscape and land-use parameters can be used in agricultural landscapes to infer large-scale patterns of species richness. Our results suggest that to halt the loss of biodiversity in these landscapes, it is important to preserve and, if possible, increase the area of semi-natural habitat. AU - Billeter, R. AU - Liira, J. AU - Bailey, D. AU - Bugter, R. AU - Arens, P. AU - Augenstein, I. AU - Aviron, S. AU - Baudry, J. AU - Bukacek, R. AU - Burel, F. AU - Cerny, M. AU - De Blust, G. AU - De Cock, R. AU - Diekötter, T. AU - Dietz, H. AU - Dirksen, J. AU - Dormann, C. AU - Durka, W. AU - Frenzel, M. AU - Hamersky, R. AU - Hendrickx, F. AU - Herzog, F. AU - Klotz, S. AU - Koolstra, B. AU - Lausch, A. AU - Le Coeur, D. AU - Maelfait, J. P. AU - Opdam, P. AU - Roubalova, M. AU - Schermann, A. AU - Schermann, N. AU - Schmidt, T. AU - Schweiger, O. AU - Smulders, M. J. M. AU - Speelmans, M. AU - Simova, P. AU - Verboom, J. AU - Van Wingerden, W. K. R. E. AU - Zobel, M. AU - Edwards, P. J. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01393.x IS - 1 KW - arthropods birds habitats indicator taxa monitoring semi-natural plants species richness PY - 2008 SN - 1365-2664 SP - 141-150 ST - Indicators for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: a pan-European study T2 - Journal of Applied Ecology TI - Indicators for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: a pan-European study UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01393.x VL - 45 ID - 308 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Biocca, E. AU - Coluzzi, A. AU - Costantini, R. PY - 1977 SP - 157-167 ST - Distribution des differentes especes de Phlebotomes en Italie et transmission des leishmanioses et de quelques arboviroses T2 - Editions du Centre Netional de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) TI - Distribution des differentes especes de Phlebotomes en Italie et transmission des leishmanioses et de quelques arboviroses VL - 239 ID - 309 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Biology, Evolutionary AU - Hall, Corson AU - Sciences, Applied Life IS - 6 KW - climate change feeding activity insect pest larval survival lepidoptera pinus range expansion spatial dynamics thaumetopoea pityocampa PY - 2005 SP - 2084-2096 ST - EXPANSION OF GEOGRAPHIC RANGE IN THE PINE PROCESSIONARY MOTH CAUSED BY INCREASED WINTER TEMPERATURES T2 - America TI - EXPANSION OF GEOGRAPHIC RANGE IN THE PINE PROCESSIONARY MOTH CAUSED BY INCREASED WINTER TEMPERATURES VL - 15 ID - 310 ER - TY - JOUR AU - BirdLife, International AU - W.W LB - bird97 PY - 1997 ST - Climate Change and Wildlife T2 - A summary of an international workshop TI - Climate Change and Wildlife ID - 311 ER - TY - JOUR AU - BirdLife, International AU - W.W. LB - bird97 PY - 1997 ST - Climate Change and Wildlife T2 - A summary of an international workshop TI - Climate Change and Wildlife ID - 312 ER - TY - JOUR AU - BIRKMANN, J. N1 - New York PY - 2006 ST - Measuring vulnerability to hazards of natural origin. Towards disaster resilient societies. T2 - United Nations University Press TI - Measuring vulnerability to hazards of natural origin. Towards disaster resilient societies. ID - 313 ER - TY - RPRT AU - al., Birngruber H. et PY - 2011 SP - 254 ST - CLISP – Climate Change Adaptation by Spatial Planning in the Alpine Space. Model Region Report – Upper Austria T2 - Project Report - ETC „Alpine Space“ programme 2007-2013 TI - CLISP – Climate Change Adaptation by Spatial Planning in the Alpine Space. Model Region Report – Upper Austria ID - 3387 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bisping, W., Amtsberg, G. CY - Berlin PB - Parey PY - 1988 SP - S. 212-213. ST - Farbatlas zur Diagnose bakterieller Infektionserreger der Tiere TI - Farbatlas zur Diagnose bakterieller Infektionserreger der Tiere ID - 314 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bisping, W. AU - Amtsberg, G. CY - Berlin PB - Parey PY - 1988 SP - S. 212-213. ST - Farbatlas zur Diagnose bakterieller Infektionserreger der Tiere TI - Farbatlas zur Diagnose bakterieller Infektionserreger der Tiere ID - 315 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bittermann, W. CY - Wien PB - Statistik Austria PY - 2005 ST - Energiebilanzen 1970 (1988) - 2004: Dokumentation der Methodik TI - Energiebilanzen 1970 (1988) - 2004: Dokumentation der Methodik ID - 316 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bivand, R.S. AU - Pebesma, E.J. AU - Gomez-Rubio, V. PB - New York: Springer PY - 2008 SE - 374 SN - 978-0-387-78170-9 ST - Applied spatial data analysis with R TI - Applied spatial data analysis with R ID - 317 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blab, J. LB - blab82 PY - 1982 SP - 9-28 ST - Zur Wanderdynamik der Frösche des Kottenforstes bei Bonn - Bilanzen der Jahreszeitlichen Einbindung (Amphibia: Salientia: Ranidae) T2 - Salanmandra TI - Zur Wanderdynamik der Frösche des Kottenforstes bei Bonn - Bilanzen der Jahreszeitlichen Einbindung (Amphibia: Salientia: Ranidae) VL - 18 ID - 318 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blab, J. LB - blab86 PY - 1986 SP - 150 ST - Biologie, Ökologie und Schutz von Amphibien T2 - Schriftenreihe für Landschaftspflege und Naturschutz, Kilda-Verlag, Bonn TI - Biologie, Ökologie und Schutz von Amphibien VL - 18 ID - 319 ER - TY - SER AU - BLAB, J. AU - TERHARDT, A. AU - ZSIVANOVITS, K. P. CY - Bonn PB - BUNDESFORSCHUNGSANSTALT FÜR NATURSCHUTZ UND LANDSCHAFTSÖKOLOGIE PY - 1989 ST - Tierwelt in der Zivilisationslandschaft. Teil I: Raumeinbindung und Biotopnutzung bei Säugetieren und Vögeln im Drachenfelser Landchen T3 - Schriftenreihe für Naturschutz TI - Tierwelt in der Zivilisationslandschaft. Teil I: Raumeinbindung und Biotopnutzung bei Säugetieren und Vögeln im Drachenfelser Landchen VL - 30 ID - 320 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blackmon, M. AU - Boville, B. AU - Bryan, F. AU - Dickinson, R. AU - Gent, P. AU - Kiehl, J. AU - Moritz, R. and Randall D. AU - Shukla, J. AU - Solomon, S. AU - Bonan, G. AU - Doney, S. AU - Fung, I. AU - Hack, J. AU - Hunke, E. AU - Hurrell, J. IS - 11 LB - blackmon2001 PY - 2001 SP - 2357--2376 ST - The Community Climate System Model T2 - Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. TI - The Community Climate System Model VL - 82 ID - 321 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blackmon, M. AU - Boville, B. AU - Bryan, F. AU - Dickinson, R. AU - Gent, P. AU - Kiehl, J. AU - Moritz, R.and Randall, D. AU - Shukla, J. AU - Solomon, S. AU - Bonan, G. AU - Doney, S. AU - Fung, I. AU - Hack, J. AU - Hunke, E. AU - Hurrell, J. IS - 11 LB - blackmon2001 PY - 2001 SP - 2357--2376 ST - The Community Climate System Model T2 - Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. TI - The Community Climate System Model VL - 82 ID - 322 ER - TY - THES A3 - Schopf, Univ.Prof. Dr.phil. Axel A2 - Baier, Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Peter AB - Unterschiedliche Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeiten des Fichtenborkenkäfers (Ips typographus) zwischen dem Inneren des Bestandes und dem, durch einen Lawinenabgang neu entstandenen, Bestandesrand, wurden bei dieser Arbeit verglichen. Die Auswirkungen großer Rindenverluste auf die Abwehrmechanismen von Picea abies wurden durch Harzfluss- Messungen und Inokulationsversuchen mit pathogenen Bläuepilzen untersucht. Die Studie wurde, nach einem massiven Lawinenabgang, in den Jahren 2009-2010 im Wildnisgebiet Dürrenstein durchgeführt. Entwicklungsrate und Ausbreitung wurde während 17 Monaten nach dem Lawinenabgang observiert. Südexponierte Randbäume wurden zuerst befallen. Bäume mit Rindenverlusten wurden später befallen als nicht verletzte Bäume. Gesunde, stehende Bäume wurden schon im ersten Jahr nach dem Lawinenabgang besiedelt. Potentielle Entwicklung und Verbreitung sowie potentielles Populationswachstum des Borkenkäfers wurden mit dem Phänologie Programm PHENIPS prognostiziert. Das Model behauptete sich erneut, da prognostizierte Entwicklungsstadien im Feld bestätigt wurden. Der Harzfluss der sechs verletzten Randbäume wurde mit sechs nicht- verletzten Bäumen im Bestandesinnerem verglichen. Ein signifikanter Unterschied wurde nicht festgestellt. Anatomische sowie physiologische Baumvariablen (Wassergehalt, Anzahl Rindenkanäle, Größe Harzkanäle, Anzahl Epithelzellen, Phloem- und Rindendicke) zeigten wenig signifikante Unterschiede (Wassergehalt und Phloemdicke). Individuelle Variablen werden in Korrelation mit ihrer geografischen Positionierung innerhalb des Bestandes diskutiert. Verletzte Randbäume zeigten signifikant größere, sekundäre Wundreaktionen als nicht verletzte Bäume im Bestandesinneren. Eine signifikante, negative Korrelation zwischen der sekundären Wundreaktion und dem Befallsdatum wurde festgestellt. Des Weiteren wurde eine negative Korrelation zwischen den beiden Abwehrreaktionen (Harzfluss und sekundäre Wundreaktion) festgestellt. Differences of bark beetle (Ips typographus)- infestation rates between the interior of the forest stand and a newly created forest border by an avalanche event were studied. The effect of severe bark loss on Picea abies defence mechanisms was examined by resin flow measurements and inoculation experiments with phytopathogenic fungi. The study was conducted after an avalanche event in the Wilderness Area “Dürrenstein”, in 2009-2010. Infestation rate and spread were observed over 17 months after the avalanche. Border trees exposed to the south were infested first. Trees with bark losses were infested later than non damaged border trees. Vital, standing trees were successfully colonised in the first year after the avalanche occurrence as bark beetle populations were very high. Possible spruce bark beetle development, -spread and population increase based on climatic data was prognosed using the phenology model PHENIPS. The model proved to be a reliable tool as developmental stages were confirmed in the field. Resin flow of six border trees with severe bark losses was measured and compared to six non damaged trees in the forest stand interior. No significant differences were found between these tree groups. Anatomical and physiological tree variables (water content, number of resin canals, size of resin canals, number of epithelial cells, phloem thickness and bark thickness) only showed few significant differences (water content and phloem thickness). Individual variables are discussed in correlation with their geographical position within the stand. The damaged forest border trees expressed significantly larger secondary wound reactions than the non damaged equivalents in the forest stand. This was tested by inoculating the trees with the phytopathogenic fungi Ceratocystis polonica and measuring the secondary wound reaction. A significant negative correlation between the mean secondary wound reaction and the infestation date was found. In addition, the two resistance mechanisms (resin flow and secondary wound reaction) were in negative correlation to each other. AU - Blackwell AU - Emma KW - Ips typographus, Massenvermehrung, Risikoanalyse, Lawinenereigniss, Scolytinae, Wundreaktion, Harzfluss Ips typographus, outbreak, risk assessment, avalanche, Scolytinae, wound reaction, resin flow LA - Englisch M1 - D-14855 PB - Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien PY - 2011 SP - 80 ST - Risk assessment of bark beetle outbreaks after an avalanche occurence in the Dürrenstein Wilderness Area T2 - H91600 Institut für Forstentomologie, Forstpathologie und Forstschutz (IFFF) TI - Risk assessment of bark beetle outbreaks after an avalanche occurence in the Dürrenstein Wilderness Area VL - Dipl.-Ing. ID - 323 ER - TY - WEB AU - Blanc, P. M1 - 1.6.2011 PY - 2011 UR - http://www.verticalgardenpatrickblanc.com/#/en/resources ID - 324 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blanchard, R. PY - 1909 SP - 192 ST - A propos des Phlebotomes (Dipt. Psychodidae) T2 - Bull Soc Ent de France TI - A propos des Phlebotomes (Dipt. Psychodidae) ID - 325 ER - TY - THES AU - Blaser, P. LB - blaser:76 PB - ETH Zürich PY - 1976 SP - 1 - 5 ST - Die Vegetation als Podsolierungsfaktor. Versuch einer vergleichenden, quantitativen Erfassung TI - Die Vegetation als Podsolierungsfaktor. Versuch einer vergleichenden, quantitativen Erfassung ID - 326 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blaser, P. AU - Reiser, M. LB - blaser:75 PY - 1975 SP - 199-214 ST - Eine topographische Bodensequenz in subalpinen Lawinenrunsen auf silikatischem Gestein T2 - Mitt. Eidg. Anstalt forstl. Versuchswesen TI - Eine topographische Bodensequenz in subalpinen Lawinenrunsen auf silikatischem Gestein VL - 51 ID - 327 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bläsing, I. LB - blae53 PY - 1953 SP - 112-152 ST - Experimentelle Untersuchungen über den Umfang der ökologischen und physiologischen Toleranz von Planaria alpina Dana und Planaria gonocephala Duges T2 - Zool. J. Abt. Allg. Zool. Physiol. Tiere TI - Experimentelle Untersuchungen über den Umfang der ökologischen und physiologischen Toleranz von Planaria alpina Dana und Planaria gonocephala Duges VL - 64 ID - 328 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blaustein, A. R. S. B. Wake AU - Sousa, W. P. LB - blau94 PY - 1994 SP - 56-61 ST - Amphibians declines: jugging stbility, persistence and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions T2 - Conserv. Bio. TI - Amphibians declines: jugging stbility, persistence and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions VL - 8 ID - 329 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blaustein, A. R. AU - Belden, L. K. AU - Olson, D. H. AU - Green, D. M. AU - Root, T. L. AU - Kiesecker, J. M. LB - blau01 PY - 2001 SP - 1809 ST - Amphibian breeding and climatechange T2 - Conservation Biology TI - Amphibian breeding and climatechange VL - 15 ID - 330 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blaustein, A. R. AU - Wake, D. B. DA - Juni LB - blau95 PY - 1995 SP - 63 ST - Das Rätsel des Weltweiten Amphibiensterbens T2 - Spektrum der Wissenschaft TI - Das Rätsel des Weltweiten Amphibiensterbens VL - 58 ID - 331 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Blaustein, A.R. S.B. Wake AU - Sousa, W.P. LB - blau94 PY - 1994 SP - 56-61 ST - Amphibians declines: jugging stbility, persistence and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions T2 - Conserv. Bio. TI - Amphibians declines: jugging stbility, persistence and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions VL - 8 ID - 332 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We estimated how the possible changes in wind climate and state of the forest due to climate change may affect the probability of exceeding critical wind speeds expected to cause wind damage within a forest management unit located in Southern Sweden. The topography of the management unit was relatively gentle and the forests were dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). We incorporated a model relating the site index (SI) to the site productivity into the forest projection model FTM. Using estimated changes in the net primary production (NPP) due to climate change and assuming a relative change in NPP equal to a relative change in the site productivity, we simulated possible future states of the forest under gradual adjustment of SI in response to climate change. We estimated changes in NPP by combining the boreal-adapted BIOMASS model with four regional climate change scenarios calculated using the RCAO model for the period 2071-2100 and two control period scenarios for the period 1961-1990. The modified WINDA model was used to calculate the probability of wind damage for individual forest stands in simulated future states of the forest. The climate change scenarios used represent non-extreme projections on a 100-year time scale in terms of global mean warming. A 15-40% increase in NPP was estimated to result from climate change until the period 2071-2100. Increasing sensitivity of the forest to wind was indicated when the management rules of today were applied. A greater proportion of the calculated change in probability of wind damage was due to changes in wind climate than to changes in the sensitivity of the forest to wind. While regional climate scenarios based on the HadAM3H general circulation model (GCM) indicated no change (SRES A2 emission scenario) or a slightly reduced (SRES B2 emission scenario) probability of wind damage, scenarios based on the ECHAM4/OPYC3 GCM indicated increased probability of wind damage. The assessment should, however, be reviewed as the simulation of forest growth under climate change as well as climate change scenarios are refined. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. AD - Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 49, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden Blennow, K. Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 49, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden email: Kristina.Blennow@ess.slu.se AU - Blennow, K. AU - Andersson, M. AU - Bergh, J. AU - Sallnäs, O. AU - Olofsson, E. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s10584-009-9698-8 IS - 1 J2 - Clim. Change KW - Biomass models Climate change impact Climate change scenarios Control periods Critical wind speed Emission scenario Forest growth Forest management units Forest stand General circulation model Global mean warming Management unit Net primary production Norway spruce Picea Abies (L.) Karst Possible futures Projection models Regional climate Regional climate changes Site index Site productivity Time-scales Wind climate Wind damage Climate control Climate models Forestry Probability Productivity Climate change circulation modeling climate effect forest management general circulation model global warming grass index method net primary production wind velocity Growth Meteorology Seasonal Variation Sweden Picea abies LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996): 5 CODEN: CLCHD References: Ahti, T., Hämet-ahti, L., Jalas, J., Vegetation zones and their sections in northwestern Europe (1968) Ann Bot Fenn, 5, pp. 169-211; Alexandersson, H., (2006) Vindstatistik För Sverige 1961-2004, p. 47. , (In Swedish). 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PY - 2003 SP - http://www.slplan.de/Naturrasen/Gartenlaubkaefer.pdf ST - Gartenlaubkäfer (Phyllopertha horticola) TI - Gartenlaubkäfer (Phyllopertha horticola) ID - 361 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - zweite, aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage AU - Bodendorf, F. CY - München Wien PB - Springer Verlag PY - 2006 ST - Daten- und Wissensmanagement. TI - Daten- und Wissensmanagement ID - 362 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forest management is challenged by increasing needs to adapt practices to future climate change likely to be characterised by a changing frequency of extreme weather events, in turn in uncertain ways resulting in more pronounced disturbances on forests. In this paper, we explore the extent to which insights acquired by ecological theory, in particular with respect to stabilising properties, have been of use to forest management theory and practice, and whether these insights can be applied in a valuable way to forest managers in view of increasingly uncertain disturbance regimes. We find it highly unlikely that there exists one strategy option that can optimise for all types of disturbances and that can also maximise for all other demands placed on forest management. Therefore, management needs to be related to the most relevant disturbances; or, alternatively, a multitude of management options may be combined as an insurance strategy. Possibly, heterogeneous/mixed forest communities could insure against climate-change related pressures. We also note the importance of spatio-temporal scales when relating disturbance to stability, and thus the needs for advancing modelling in that field to assist in developing management strategies for the future. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. AD - Environmental Science Section, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Kalmar University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden Bodin, P. 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TI - Regional Temperature Variability in the European Alps: 1760-1998 from homogenized instrumental time series VL - 21 ID - 378 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Böhmer, Siegmund AU - Gugele, Bernd AU - Kaiser, August AU - Petz , Erwin AU - Scheifinger, Helfried AU - Spangl, Wolfgang AU - Schneider, Jürgen AU - Wappel, Daniela AU - Nagl, Christian DO - ISBN 3-85457-903-9 NV - Band 0105 PB - Umweltbundesamt PY - 2007 ST - EINFLUSS VON PUNKTQUELLEN AUF DIE LUFTQUALITÄT IN NORDOSTÖSTERREICH– ENDBERICHT TI - EINFLUSS VON PUNKTQUELLEN AUF DIE LUFTQUALITÄT IN NORDOSTÖSTERREICH– ENDBERICHT UR - http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/fileadmin/site/publikationen/REP0105.pdf ID - 379 ER - TY - RPRT AU - BOHNER, A. 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Landschaft und Landwirtschaft im Wandel – Das Grünland im Berggebiet Österreichs TI - Das Wirtschaftsgrünland im Mittleren Steirischen Ennstal aus vegetationsökologischer Sicht ID - 382 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bohren C., Mermillod N. AU - N., Delabys PY - 2006 ST - Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Switzerland: development of a nationwide concerted action. T2 - Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection TI - Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Switzerland: development of a nationwide concerted action VL - 113 ID - 383 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bohren, C. AU - Mermillod, N. AU - Delabys, N. PY - 2006 ST - Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Switzerland: development of a nationwide concerted action. T2 - Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection TI - Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Switzerland: development of a nationwide concerted action VL - 113 ID - 384 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Böhringer, C. CY - Wien PY - 1995 ST - Allgemeine Gleichgewichtsmodelle als Instrument der energie- und umweltpolitischen Analyse: theoretische Grundlagen und empirische Anwendung TI - Allgemeine Gleichgewichtsmodelle als Instrument der energie- und umweltpolitischen Analyse: theoretische Grundlagen und empirische Anwendung ID - 385 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Changes to forest production drivers (light, water, temperature, and site nutrient) over the last 55 years have been documented in peer-reviewed literature. The main objective of this paper is to review documented evidence of the impacts of climate change trends on forest productivity since the middle of the 20th century. We first present a concise overview of the climate controls of forest production, provide evidence of how the main controls have changed in the last 55 years, followed by a core section outlining our findings of observed and documented impacts on forest productivity and a brief discussion of the complications of interpreting trends in net primary production (NPP). At finer spatial scales, a trend is difficult to decipher, but globally, based on both satellite and ground-based data, climatic changes seemed to have a generally positive impact on forest productivity when water was not limiting. Of the 49 papers reporting forest production levels we reviewed, 37 showed a positive growth trend, five a negative trend, three reported both a positive and a negative trend for different time periods, one reported a positive and no trend for different geographic areas, and two reported no trend. Forests occupy ≈ 52% of the Earth's land surface and tend to occupy more temperature and radiation-limited environments. Less than 7% of forests are in strongly water-limited systems. The combined and interacting effects of temperature, radiation, and precipitation changes with the positive effect of CO 2, the negative effects of O 3 and other pollutants, and the presently positive effects of N will not be elucidated with experimental manipulation of one or a few factors at a time. Assessments of the greening of the biosphere depend on both accurate measurements of rates (net ecosystem exchange, NPP), how much is stored at the ecosystem level (net ecosystem production) and quantification of disturbances rates on final net biome production. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. AD - Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-0576, United States Boisvenue, C. Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812-0576, United States email: celine@boisvenue.com AU - Boisvenue, C. AU - Running, S. W. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01134.x IS - 5 J2 - Global Change Biol. 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Skovsgaard Springer Berlin PY - 2006 SN - 13541013 SP - 862-882 ST - Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity - Evidence since the middle of the 20th century T2 - Global Change Biology TI - Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity - Evidence since the middle of the 20th century UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33745958272&partnerID=40&md5=0806c2b70b86056f45448e9f9d4a8788 VL - 12 ID - 386 ER - TY - CHAP AB - A number of episodes are observed when the total ozone for 2 to 3 days has fallen below 220 matm-cm in the northern mid- and polar latitudes in autumn. The occurrences of such episodes represent ozone deviations of about one-third from the pre-1976 Oct-Nov-Dec monthly mean! By using primarily quality checked Dobson data, a clear identification was made of more than three dozen short spells with extremely low ozone in the 1957–1978 period. In the following twenty-two years (1979–2000), using mainly TOMS data, one can identify ~ 46 cases with ozone values falling below 220 matm-cm for longer than 1 day, with each time over an area greater than 500,000 km2 . The Ozone Mass Deficiency (O3MD) from the pre-1976 average ozone values over the affected area was ~2.8 Mt per day, i.e. four to seven times greater than it would be, assuming only a long-term trend in the Oct-Nov-Dec period. The Extremely Low Ozone (ELO3) events on the day of their appearance over the N. Atlantic/European region contribute to the O3MD by representing 16% of the deficiency due to the Oct-Nov trend in the entire 40–65° N latitudinal belt. The O3MD of the greater pool with low ozone (here taken as <260 matm-cm) surrounding the area of the lowest events could contribute on the day of their appearance in Oct-Nov up to 60% and in December, ~30% to the deficiency due to the trend over the entire 40–65° N belt. Analysis of synoptic charts, supported by a backward trajectory on the isentropic surfaces 350 and 380 K, shows that in most of the events, subtropical air masses with low ozone content were transported from the Atlantic toward the UK, Scandinavia, and in many cases, further to the western sub-polar regions of Russia. This transport was sometimes combined with upward motions above a tropospheric anticyclone which lifted low ozone mixing ratios to higher altitudes. The ELO3 events cause a significant deficiency above the tropopause where, in general, the subtropical air is injected. In fact, the overall amount of ozone is not depleted, but redistributed on the hemispheric scale. Review of low ozone events, defined as days with negative deviations from the pre-1976 averages greater than 25% show, in general, similar origin. The seasonally averaged area with ELO3 and the associated O3MD, as well as for the cases with deviations > –25%, has increased during the 1990s, which could be an indication of stronger and/or more frequent subtropical air intrusions. Their occurrences could contribute noticeably to the ozone deficiency of the middle latitude ozone during the days of ELO3 appearances; however, their contribution to the long-term trend of the ozone seasonal decline is of the order of ~10%. AU - Bojkov, R. D. AU - Balis, D. S. DO - 10.5194/angeo-19-797-2001 ET - 1999/11/30 KW - Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere - composition and chemistry) Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics) PY - 2001 SE - 797 SP - 797-807 ST - Characteristics of episodes with extremely low ozone values in the northern middle latitudes 1957−2000 SV - 7 T2 - Ann. Geophys. TI - Characteristics of episodes with extremely low ozone values in the northern middle latitudes 1957−2000 UR - http://www.ann-geophys.net/19/797/2001/ VL - 19 ID - 387 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bolle, H. J. AU - Ehhalt, D. H. AU - Graßl, H. AU - Kley, D. AU - Volz AU - Olbers, D. J. AU - Schönwiese, C. D. AU - Stratmann, H. CY - Düsseldorf LB - vdik87a PB - VDI-Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft PY - 1987 SP - 185 ST - GLOBALES KLIMA - Mögliche Klimaänderungen durch anthropogene Spurenstoffe T2 - Schriftenreihe, Nr. 7 TI - GLOBALES KLIMA - Mögliche Klimaänderungen durch anthropogene Spurenstoffe ID - 388 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bolle, H.-J. AU - Ehhalt, D.H. AU - Graßl, H. AU - Kley, D. AU - Volz AU - Olbers, D.J. AU - Schönwiese, C.-D AU - Stratmann, H. CY - Düsseldorf LB - vdik87a PB - VDI-Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft PY - 1987 SP - 185 ST - GLOBALES KLIMA - Mögliche Klimaänderungen durch anthropogene Spurenstoffe T2 - Schriftenreihe, Nr. 7 TI - GLOBALES KLIMA - Mögliche Klimaänderungen durch anthropogene Spurenstoffe ID - 389 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bolliger, J. AU - Kienast, F. AU - Zimmermann, N. E. LB - boll2000a PY - 2000 SP - 99-111 ST - Risks of global warming on monaten and subalpine forests in Switzerland - a modeling study. T2 - Reg. Environ. Change TI - Risks of global warming on monaten and subalpine forests in Switzerland - a modeling study VL - 1 ID - 390 ER - TY - JOUR AU - BOLLOW, H. PY - 1960 SE - 86-101 ST - Die landwirtschaftlich wichtigen Erdraupen (Gattung Agrotis) T2 - Praktische Blätter Pflanzenbau und –schutz TI - Die landwirtschaftlich wichtigen Erdraupen (Gattung Agrotis) VL - 55 ID - 391 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Booker, F. L. AU - Maier AU - C.A LB - book01 PY - 2001 SP - 609-616 ST - Atmospheric carbon dioxide, irrigation and fertilization effects on phenolic and nitrogen concentrations in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) needles T2 - Tree physiology TI - Atmospheric carbon dioxide, irrigation and fertilization effects on phenolic and nitrogen concentrations in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) needles VL - 21 ID - 392 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Booker, F.L. AU - Maier AU - C.A. LB - book01 PY - 2001 SP - 609-616 ST - Atmospheric carbon dioxide, irrigation and fertilization effects on phenolic and nitrogen concentrations in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) needles T2 - Tree physiology TI - Atmospheric carbon dioxide, irrigation and fertilization effects on phenolic and nitrogen concentrations in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) needles VL - 21 ID - 393 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Weiler, C.S. A2 - Pennale, P.A. (eds.) AU - Booth, C.R. AU - Madronich, S. CY - Washingteon LA - English PB - American Geophysical Union PY - 1994 SN - 10: 0875908411 13: 978-0875908410 SP - 39-42 ST - Radiation amplification factors - Improved formulation accounts for large increases in ultraviolet radiation associated with Antarctic ozone depletion AGU Antarctic Research Series T2 - Ultraviolet Radiation in Antarctica: Measurements and Biological Effects TI - Radiation amplification factors - Improved formulation accounts for large increases in ultraviolet radiation associated with Antarctic ozone depletion AGU Antarctic Research Series VL - 62 ID - 394 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Borenstein, M. AU - Hedges, L. AU - J., Higgins AU - H., Rothstein PY - 2008 SE - 104 ST - Manual to: Comprehensive Meta Analysis Version 2.0 TI - Manual to: Comprehensive Meta Analysis Version 2.0 ID - 3388 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Borga, M. AU - Anagnostou, E. N. AU - Frank, E. LB - borga2000 PY - 2000 SP - 2269-2280 ST - On the use of real-time radar rainfall estimates for flood prediction in mountainous basins T2 - J. Geophys. Res. TI - On the use of real-time radar rainfall estimates for flood prediction in mountainous basins VL - 105 ID - 395 ER - TY - JOUR AD - USDA,For.Serv.,Pacif.NW Res.Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States Bormann, B.T.United States AU - Bormann, B. T. AU - Spaltenstein, H. AU - McClellan, M. H. AU - Ugolini, F. C. AU - Cromack Jnr, K. AU - Nay, S. M. DB - Scopus IS - 5 J2 - J. ECOL. LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996):90 CODEN: JECOA PY - 1995 SN - 00220477 SP - 747-757 ST - Rapid soil development after windthrow disturbance in pristine forests T2 - Journal of Ecology TI - Rapid soil development after windthrow disturbance in pristine forests UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028982569&partnerID=40&md5=a8fddf1fc918e86b1471255f653f1093 VL - 83 ID - 3407 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bossel, H. PB - Droemer Knaur PY - 1998 SN - 9783426270448 ST - Globale Wende: Wege zu einem gesellschaftlichen und ökologischen Strukturwandel TI - Globale Wende: Wege zu einem gesellschaftlichen und ökologischen Strukturwandel UR - http://books.google.at/books?id=ReZLPQAACAAJ ID - 3510 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bosshard, T. AU - Kotlarski, S. AU - Ewen, T. AU - Schär, C. IS - 9 LB - Bosshard2011a PY - 2011 SP - 2777-2788 ST - Spectral representation of the annual cycle in the climate change signal T2 - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences TI - Spectral representation of the annual cycle in the climate change signal UR - http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/15/2777/2011/ VL - 15 ID - 3569 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Both, C. AU - Visser AU - E, M. LB - both01 PY - 2001 SP - 296-298 ST - Adjustment to climate change is constrained by arrival date in a long-distance migrant bird T2 - Nature TI - Adjustment to climate change is constrained by arrival date in a long-distance migrant bird VL - 41 ID - 396 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Both, C. AU - Visser AU - E., M. LB - both01 PY - 2001 SP - 296-298 ST - Adjustment to climate change is constrained by arrival date in a long-distance migrant bird T2 - Nature TI - Adjustment to climate change is constrained by arrival date in a long-distance migrant bird VL - 41 ID - 397 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Botond, M. AU - Botta-Dukat, B. PY - 2004 SP - 408 pp ST - Biologai invaziok magyaroszaragon Özönnövenyek T2 - Alapitavany Kiado TI - Biologai invaziok magyaroszaragon Özönnövenyek ID - 398 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Botosaneau, L. AU - Malicky AU - H LB - boto78 PY - 1978 ST - Trichoptera T2 - Limnofauna Europaeae. G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart TI - Trichoptera ID - 399 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Botosaneau, L. AU - Malicky AU - H. LB - boto78 PY - 1978 ST - Trichoptera T2 - Limnofauna Europaeae. G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart TI - Trichoptera ID - 400 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Abstract Experiments and observations were made to study the flight behaviour and dispersal of I. typographus at a hibernation size, inside a forest area and between forest areas, respectively in relation to sex, size and fat content. The following results and conclusions are reached.Ips typographus beetles grown up in standing trees leave the tree to hibernate in the soil. The beetles hibernate in the soil 0–5 m from the tree in which they has grown up. During hibernation the beetles' fat content reduces with about 50% and when the beetles emerge at springtime, they may react directly to pheromones.In one day Ips typographus beetles can disperse over long distances (up to 750 m), and a homogenous distribution of the beetles over the forest area is reached as long as no pheromone sources exist that aggregate the beetles. The beetles are able to disperse over long distances (> 8 km) outside forest areas.The flight intensity of the beetles is positively correlated with temperature; at wind speeds over 1 m sec−1 the beetles fly mostly with the wind, at lower wind speeds they tend to fly against the wind after contact with pheromones.The dispersal and flight behaviour is not affected by the beetle's sex, size or fat content.The adult beetles that re-emerge from a tree to establish a second brood are at average larger than the beetles that remain in the tree; the males have built up a new fat reserve before they re-emerge.It is suggested that the dispersal and flight behaviour of the beetles reduces the effectiveness of mass trapping as a control strategy.It is hypothesized that a decreasing I. typographus population suffer a high mortality caused by predation and parasitism. Zusammenfassung Zerstreuung und Flugverhalten des Fichtenborkenkäfers Iyps typographus in Beziehung zu Geschlecht, Größe und FettgehaltExperimente und Beobachtungen über das Flugverhalten und die Zerstreuung der Käfer von I. typographus am Überwinterungsort sowie allgemein innerhalb und außerhalb von Wäldern unter Berücksichtigung des Geschlechts, der Größe und des Fettgehalts führten zu folgenden Ergebnissen.Die I. typographus-Käfer, die sich in stehenden Bäumen entwickelten, verlassen diese, um im Boden in 0–5 m Entfernung von ihrem Entwicklungsbaum zu überwintern. Während der Überwinterung verringert sich ihr Fettgehalt um etwa 50%. Wenn die Käfer im Frühjahr den Boden verlassen, können sie direkt auf Pheromone reagieren. Innerhalb eines Tages können die Käfer von I. typographus sich über ein größeres Areal (bis zu 750 m) zerstreuen. Solange sie nicht von Pheromonen aggregiert werden, ist ihre Verteilung im Wald homogen. Außerhalb des Waldes sind die Käfer imstande, lange Distanzen (über 8 km) zu fliegen. Die Flugintensität war mit der Temperatur positiv korreliert. Bei Windgeschwindigkeiten über 1 m/s flogen die Käfer meist mit dem Wind; bei geringerer Windstärke zeigten sie die Tendenz, nach Rezeption von Pheromonen gegen den Wind zu fliegen. Die Zerstreuung und das Flugverhalten wurden vom Geschlecht, der Größe und dem Fettgehalt des Käfers nicht beeinflußt. Die adulten Käfer, die einen Baum verlassen, um eine 2. Brut anzulegen, waren im Mittel größer als solche, die im Baum verblieben. Die Weibchen hatten einen neuen Fettkörper aufgebaut, bevor sie den Stamm verließen.Es ist anzunehmen, daß die Zerstreuung und das Flugverhalten der Käfer die Wirksamkeit des Massenfangs als Bekämpfungsmaßnahme verringert. Es wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, daß eine abnehmende I. typographus-Population eine hohe Mortalität durch räuberische und parasitische Feinde erleidet. AU - Botterweg, P. F. DO - 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1982.tb02594.x IS - 1-5 PY - 1982 SN - 1439-0418 SP - 466-489 ST - Dispersal and flight behaviour of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in relation to sex, size and fat content T2 - Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie TI - Dispersal and flight behaviour of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in relation to sex, size and fat content UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1982.tb02594.x VL - 94 ID - 401 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Böttger, H. LB - boet86 PY - 1986 SP - 128-133 ST - Zur Frage der Ufergehöze und des Beschattungsgrades bei Bächen des Norddeutschen Tieflandes T2 - Landschaft und Stadt TI - Zur Frage der Ufergehöze und des Beschattungsgrades bei Bächen des Norddeutschen Tieflandes VL - 18 ID - 402 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Böttger, K. IS - 1 LB - boet86b PY - 1986 SP - 10-14 ST - Aspekte der Gehölzbeschattung und Zielvorstellungen der Renaturierungsmaßnahmen am Unteren Schierenseebach (Schleswig-Holstein), unter besonderer Herausstellung der Odonata T2 - Natur und Landschaft TI - Aspekte der Gehölzbeschattung und Zielvorstellungen der Renaturierungsmaßnahmen am Unteren Schierenseebach (Schleswig-Holstein), unter besonderer Herausstellung der Odonata VL - 61 ID - 403 ER - TY - JOUR AB - INTRODUCTION:Although rapid cooling and management of circulatory failure are crucial to the prevention of irreversible tissue damage and death in heatstroke, the evidence supporting the optimal cooling method and hemodynamic management has yet to be established.METHODS:A systematic review of all clinical studies published in Medline (1966 to 2006), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature) (1982 to 2006), and Cochrane Database was performed using the OVID interface without language restriction. Search terms included heatstroke, sunstroke, and heat stress disorders.RESULTS:Fourteen articles reported populations subjected to cooling treatment for classic or exertional heatstroke and included data on cooling time, neurologic morbidity, or mortality. Five additional articles described invasive monitoring with central venous or pulmonary artery catheters. The four clinical trials and 15 observational studies covered a total of 556 patients. A careful analysis of the results obtained indicated that the cooling method based on conduction, namely immersion in iced water, was effective among young people, military personnel, and athletes with exertional heatstroke. There was no evidence to support the superiority of any one cooling technique in classic heatstroke. The effects of non-invasive, evaporative, or conductive-based cooling techniques, singly or combined, appeared to be comparable. No evidence of a specific endpoint temperature for safe cessation of cooling was found. The circulatory alterations in heatstroke were due mostly to a form of distributive shock associated with relative or absolute hypovolemia. Myocardial failure was found to be rare.CONCLUSION:A systematic review of the literature failed to identify reliable clinical data on the optimum treatment of heatstroke. Nonetheless, the findings of this study could serve as a framework for preliminary recommendations in cooling and hemodynamic management of heatstroke until more evidence-based data are generated. AN - doi:10.1186/cc5910 AU - Bouchama, Abderrezak AU - Dehbi, Mohammed AU - Chaves-Carballo, Enrique IS - 3 PY - 2007 SN - 1364-8535 SP - R54 ST - Cooling and hemodynamic management in heatstroke: practical recommendations T2 - Critical Care TI - Cooling and hemodynamic management in heatstroke: practical recommendations UR - http://ccforum.com/content/11/3/R54 VL - 11 ID - 404 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bounoua, L. AU - Collatz, G. J. AU - Los, S. O. AU - Sellers, P. J. AU - Dazlich, D. A. AU - Tucker, C. J. AU - Randall, D. A. LB - boun00 PY - 2000 SP - 2292 ST - Sensitivity of Climate to Changes in NDVI T2 - J. Climate TI - Sensitivity of Climate to Changes in NDVI VL - 13 ID - 405 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bovenberg, A. L. AU - van der Ploeg, F. LB - bovenberg1998 PY - 1998 SP - 50--137 ST - Consequences of environmental tax reform for unemployment and welfare T2 - Environmental and Resource Economics TI - Consequences of environmental tax reform for unemployment and welfare VL - 12 ID - 406 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bradley, N. L. AU - Leopold, A. C. AU - Ross, J. AU - Huffaker, W. LB - brad99 PY - 1999 SP - 9701-9704 ST - Phenological changes reflect climate change in Wisconsin T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Phenological changes reflect climate change in Wisconsin VL - 96 ID - 407 ER - TY - SER A2 - Nations, United AU - Bradshaw, Sarah. CY - Santiago, Chile ET - 32 PB - Sustainable Development and Human Settlements División, Women and Development Unit PY - 2004 ST - Socio-economic impacts of natural disasters: a gender analysis. T3 - CEPAL-SERIE Manuales TI - Socio-economic impacts of natural disasters: a gender analysis UR - http://www.eclac.cl/publicaciones/xml/3/15433/lcl2128i.pdf ID - 3618 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bradshaw, W. E. AU - Holzapfel AU - C.M LB - brad01 PY - 2001 SP - 14509-14511 ST - Genetic shift in photoperiodic response correlated with global warming T2 - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. TI - Genetic shift in photoperiodic response correlated with global warming VL - 98 ID - 408 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bradshaw, W.E. AU - Holzapfel AU - C.M. LB - brad01 PY - 2001 SP - 14509-14511 ST - Genetic shift in photoperiodic response correlated with global warming T2 - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. TI - Genetic shift in photoperiodic response correlated with global warming VL - 98 ID - 409 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Braithwaite, Roger J. AU - Zhang, Yu DO - 10.3189/172756500781833511 IS - 152 PY - 2000 SP - 7-14 ST - Sensitivity of mass balance of five Swiss glaciers to temperature changes assessed by tuning a degree-day model T2 - Journal of Glaciology TI - Sensitivity of mass balance of five Swiss glaciers to temperature changes assessed by tuning a degree-day model UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/jog/2000/00000046/00000152/art00002http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756500781833511 VL - 46 ID - 3570 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brandonisio, O. AU - Carelli, G. AU - Ceci, L. AU - Consenti, B AU - Fasanella, A. AU - Puccini, V. KW - Leishmania Leishmaniasis Dog Epidemiology PY - 1992 SP - 273-276 ST - Canine Leishmaniasis in the Gargano Promontory (Apulia, South Italy) T2 - European Journal of Epidemiology TI - Canine Leishmaniasis in the Gargano Promontory (Apulia, South Italy) UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3521157 VL - 8 ID - 410 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brang, P. AU - Bugmann, H. AU - Bürgi, A. AU - Mühlthaler, U. AU - Rigling, A. AU - Schwitter, R. PY - 2008 SP - 362 - 373 ST - Klimawandel als waldbauliche Herausforderung T2 - Schweizer Zeitschrift f. Forstwesen TI - Klimawandel als waldbauliche Herausforderung VL - 159 ID - 411 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Protection forests are forests that have as their primary function the protection of people or assets against the impacts of natural hazards. The main 'product' of these forests are standing trees which act as obstacles to downslope mass movements such as rockfalls, snow avalanches, erosion, landslides, debris flows, and floods.The protective effect of these forests is ensured only if the silvicultural system used and any natural disturbances that occur leave a sufficient amount of forest cover. Management has therefore to take a very long-term perspective.This paper presents an overview of the occurrence and delimitation, ecology, stand structures and dynamics, and resistance and resilience of protection forests in the European Alps, and of suitable silvicultural systems. Guidelines for managing protection forests, which were developed collaboratively by Swiss forest managers and scientists, are described as an example of standardized decisionmaking in protection forests. Future research on protection forests should be directed towards synthesising existing knowledge in the natural sciences, engineering, and economics. AU - Brang, P. AU - Schöneberger, W. AU - Frehner, M. AU - Schwitter, R. AU - Thormann, J.J., et al. KW - protection forest, natural hazards, forest dynamics, forest management, stand structure, European Alps, decision-making PY - 2006 SP - 23-44 ST - Man-agement of protection forests in the European Alps: an overview T2 - For. Snow Landsc. Res. TI - Man-agement of protection forests in the European Alps: an overview VL - 80 ID - 412 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Braukmann, U. LB - brau87 PY - 1987 SP - 1-355 ST - Zoozönologische und saprobiologische Beiträge zu einer allgemeinen regionalen Bachtypologie T2 - Arch. Hydrobiol./Beih. Ergebn. Limnol. TI - Zoozönologische und saprobiologische Beiträge zu einer allgemeinen regionalen Bachtypologie VL - 26 ID - 413 ER - TY - THES AU - Braun, F. CY - Wien PB - Univ. f. Bodenkultur PY - 2009 SP - 142 ST - Sommer-Bergtourismus im Klimawandel: Szenarien und Handlungsbedarf am Beispiel des hochalpinen Wegenetzes TI - Sommer-Bergtourismus im Klimawandel: Szenarien und Handlungsbedarf am Beispiel des hochalpinen Wegenetzes VL - Dr. ID - 414 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Braun, L.N. AU - Weber, M. AU - Schulz, M. IS - 1 LB - Braun2000 PY - 2000 SP - 19-25 ST - Consequences of climate change for runoff from Alpine regions T2 - Annals of Glaciology TI - Consequences of climate change for runoff from Alpine regions UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/igsoc/agl/2000/00000031/00000001/art00005 VL - 31 ID - 3571 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Braun-Blanquet, J. CY - Wien PB - G. Fischer Verlag PY - 1964 SE - 865 ST - Pflanzensoziologie TI - Pflanzensoziologie ID - 415 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Institut für Gewässerphysik der GKSS, Universität Hamburg AB - In diesem Artikel werden einige der Ergebnisse des Projektes "The Perspectives of Climate Scientists on Global Climate Change", vorgestellt. Für dieses Projekt wurde ein Fragebogen an 1.000 Wissenschaftler in den USA, Kanada und Deutschland verschickt. In den Antworten finden sich Ähnlichkeiten und Differenzen zwischen den einzelnen Ländergruppen. Hier sollen die Ergebnisse für die deutsche Forschergruppe im Vordergrund stehen. Deutsche Forscher zeigen im allgemeinen das größte Vertrauen in die Zuverlässigkeit von Klimamodellen. Sie geben in stärkerem Maße als die anderen Gruppen an, daß Klimawandel negative Auswirkungen für ihre Gesellschaft haben wird und glauben in stärkerem Maße an die Notwendigkeit politischer Maßnahmen, um dem Klimawandel zu begegnen. Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen finden sich auch in der Bewertung der Beziehung Wissenschaft - Politik. Deutsche Forscher haben, prozentual gesehen, den geringsten Kontakt mit Medien und Politik. Trotz dieser geringen Kontakte ist die deutsche Gruppe jene, die am stärksten die Meinung zum Ausdruck bringt, daß es Forscher gibt, die in der Lage sind, die sozialen Auswirkungen eines Klimawandels bewerten zu können. Wissenschaftler aller betrachteten Länder zeigen sich unzufrieden mit der gegenwärtigen Beziehung zwischen Wissenschaft und Politik. Wir glauben, daß die Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Gruppen das Ergebnis der unterschiedlichen sozio-historischen Kontexte sind, in denen sich die Wissenschaft in den einzelnen Ländern befindet. Dies weist auf die soziale Konstruktion des Gegenstandes "Klima" hin. 1 AU - Bray, D. AU - von Storch, H. AU - Rau, S. CY - Geesthacht PY - 2007 ST - Der Klimawandel: Sichtweisen und Interpretation. Ergebnisse des Projektes „The Perspectives of Climate Scientists on Global Climate Change“ TI - Der Klimawandel: Sichtweisen und Interpretation. Ergebnisse des Projektes „The Perspectives of Climate Scientists on Global Climate Change“ UR - http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/pdf/thyssen.deutsch.pdf ID - 416 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brázdil, R. AU - Trnka, M. AU - Dobrovolný, P. AU - Chromá, K. AU - Hlavinka, P. AU - Žalud, Z. IS - 3 KW - Earth and Environmental Science N1 - 0177-798X PY - 2009 SP - 297 ST - Variability of droughts in the Czech Republic, 1881–2006 T2 - Theoretical and Applied Climatology TI - Variability of droughts in the Czech Republic, 1881–2006 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-008-0065-x VL - 97 ID - 417 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The extreme drought event that occurred in Western Europe during 2003 highlighted the need to understand the key processes that may allow trees and stands to overcome such severe water shortages. We therefore reviewed the current knowledge available about such processes. First, impact of drought on exchanges at soil-root and canopy-atmosphere interfaces are presented and illustrated with examples fromwater and CO 2 flux measurements. The decline in transpiration and water uptake and in net carbon assimilation due to stomatal closure has been quantified and modelled. The resulting models were used to compute water balance at stand level basing on the 2003 climate in nine European forest sites from the CARBOEUROPE network. Estimates of soil water deficit were produced and provided a quantitative index of soil water shortage and therefore of the intensity of drought stress experienced by trees during summer 2003. In a second section, we review the irreversible damage that could be imposed on water transfer within trees and particularly within xylem. A special attention was paid to the inter-specific variability of these properties among a wide range of tree species. The inter-specific diversity of hydraulic and stomatal responses to soil water deficit is also discussed as it might reflect a large diversity in traits potentially related to drought tolerance. Finally, tree decline and mortality due to recurrent or extreme drought events are discussed on the basis of a literature review and recent decline studies. The potential involvement of hydraulic dysfunctions or of deficits in carbon storage as causes for the observed long term (several years) decline of tree growth and development and for the onset of tree dieback is discussed. As an example, the starch content in stem tissues recorded at the end of the 2003's summer was used to predict crown conditions of oak trees during the following spring: low starch contents were correlated with large twig and branch decline in the crown of trees. © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2006. AD - UMR INRA UHP Forest Ecology and Ecophysiology, INRA, 54280 Champenoux, France Mediterranean Forest Research Unit, INRA, 84000 Avignon, France Bréda, N. UMR INRA UHP Forest Ecology and Ecophysiology, INRA, 54280 Champenoux, France email: breda@nancy.inra.fr AU - Bréda, N. AU - Huc, R. AU - Granier, A. AU - Dreyer, E. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1051/forest:2006042 IS - 6 J2 - Ann. Forest Sci. 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IS - 2 PY - 2004 SP - 181-182 ST - Beobachtungen über den Beginn von Maikäferflügen nach der Temperatursummenregel von Horber T2 - Laimburg Journal TI - Beobachtungen über den Beginn von Maikäferflügen nach der Temperatursummenregel von Horber VL - 1 ID - 421 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bretherton, Christopher S. AU - Smith, Catherine AU - Wallace, John M. DA - June LB - bret92a N1 - dieser artikel vergleicht verschiedene methoden um den zusammenhang zwischen zwei zeitreihen zu beschreiben; CPCA, CCA, SVD; für diese methoden wird eine gemeins. notation eingeführt; und die methoden werden etwas erklärt; letzendlich werden sie auf einen datensatz angewendet und verglichen; CPCA findet am besten die gekopp. muster in summe aber wird der SVD der vorzug gegeben; PY - 1992 SP - 541 - 560 ST - An Intercomparison of Methods for Finding Coupled Patterns in Climate Data T2 - J. Climate TI - An Intercomparison of Methods for Finding Coupled Patterns in Climate Data VL - 5 ID - 422 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Brickenkamp, R. CY - Göttingen LB - brickenkamp2002 N1 - StClB-Lit PB - Hogrefe PY - 2002 ST - Test d2 Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungs-Test TI - Test d2 Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungs-Test ID - 423 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Stubbe, H. AU - Briedermann, L. PY - 1985 SP - 210-233 ST - Gamswild - Rupicapra r. r. (L). In; Hrsgb.: T2 - Buch der Hege, Band 1, Haarwild TI - Gamswild - Rupicapra r. r. (L). In; Hrsgb ID - 424 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Briggs, L. LB - brig97 PY - 1997 SP - 188 ST - Population fluctuations of Rana dalmatina in relation to climatic conditions and landscape change T2 - Rana, Sonderheft TI - Population fluctuations of Rana dalmatina in relation to climatic conditions and landscape change VL - 2 ID - 425 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Climate change is expected to affect the Alps by increasing the frequency and intensity of summer drought events with negative impacts on ecosystem water resources. The response of CO 2 and H 2O exchange of a mountain grassland to natural fluctuations of soil water content was evaluated during 2001-2009. In addition, the physiological performance of individual mountain forb and graminoid plant species under progressive soil water shortage was explored in a laboratory drought experiment. During the 9-year study period the natural occurrence of moderately to extremely dry periods did not lead to substantial reductions in net ecosystem CO 2 exchange and evapotranspiration. Laboratory drought experiments confirmed that all the surveyed grassland plant species were insensitive to progressive soil drying until very low soil water contents (<0.01m 3m -3) were reached after several days of drought. In field conditions, such a low threshold was never reached. Re-watering after a short-term drought event (5±1days) resulted in a fast and complete recovery of the leaf CO 2 and H 2O gas exchange of the investigated plant species. We conclude that the present-day frequency and intensity of dry periods does not substantially affect the functioning of the investigated grassland ecosystem. During dry periods the observed " water spending" strategy employed by the investigated mountain grassland species is expected to provide a cooling feedback on climate warming, but may have negative consequences for down-stream water users. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. AD - Ionicon Analytik GmbH, Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Inst. of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria National Research Council, Institute for the Protection of Plants, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy ETH Zürich, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences, Universitätsstr. 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland Wohlfahrt, G. Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria email: Georg.Wohlfahrt@uibk.ac.at AU - Brilli, F. AU - Hörtnagl, L. AU - Hammerle, A. AU - Haslwanter, A. AU - Hansel, A. AU - Loreto, F. AU - Wohlfahrt, G. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.07.007 IS - 12 J2 - Agric. For. Meterol. 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Although rising atmospheric CO2 levels are likely to increase productivity through 'fertilizing' photosynthesis, water limitation in southern England is likely to lead to an overall reduction in growth and increase in drought-induced mortality. Incorporation of, the climate change scenarios within the GIS model Ecological Site Classification indicates that in isolation, the effects of climate change will result in significant changes in species suitability. Under current definitions the majority of native broadleaf species are predicted to become unsuitable for commercial timber production in southern England. Genetic variability in local native populations may enable a degree of adaptation. Existing trials of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) suggest that the best performing provenances are those from regions with a climate similar to that of the trial site. The selection of a provenance for climate change adaptation should be from a region with a current climate well matched to a planting site's predicted climate of the future. Climate matching analysis indicates that coastal areas of western France experience a climate similar to that predicted for southern England by 2050, while the more extreme scenarios predict climates better matched to the Mediterranean region at high elevation by the end of the century. The scale of climate change predictions indicates that, in southern England, native broadleaf species may be unsuitable for timber production on some soils. The planting of non-native species may need to be considered to maintain woodland cover and ensure a viable hardwood timber industry. © Crown copyright 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. 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USA TI - Long-term trend toward earlier breeding in an American bird: A response to global warming? VL - 96 ID - 437 ER - TY - GEN AU - Brown, L.C. AU - Forster, G.R. PY - 1987 SP - 379-386 ST - Storm erosivity using idealized intensity distributions T2 - Transactions of the ASAE TI - Storm erosivity using idealized intensity distributions VL - 30 ID - 438 ER - TY - JOUR AU - BRUCKHAUS, A. AU - BUCHNER, W. IS - 73 PY - 1995 SP - 435-465 ST - Hecken in der Agrarlandschaft: Auswirkungen auf Feldfruchtertrag und ökologische Kenngrößen T2 - Ber.Ldw TI - Hecken in der Agrarlandschaft: Auswirkungen auf Feldfruchtertrag und ökologische Kenngrößen ID - 439 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The effects of warming on a montane meadow was simulated by a translocation experiment. A coherent piece of turf and soil was transferred from 600 m to 170 m a.s.l., corresponding to an increase in temperature of ca. 2.8 K. The vegetation was monitored by recording cover and counting individuals one year before the translocation and continued for the subsequent seven years. For comparison, a control plot that had also been translocated but remained at 600 m was monitored. Four of eight species with a montane distribution in Europe showed a constant degree of cover during the investigation period (Nardus stricta, Poa chaixii, Polygonatum verticillatum, Potentilla erecta). In contrast, another four montane species declined in cover or died out (Arnica montana, Meum athamanticum, Hypericum maculatum, Galium harcynicum). None of these species declined on the control plot. It is argued that the species' responded individualistically to the site factors that had changed with the translocation to low altitude. A direct effect of enhanced temperature was probably the reason for the decline of only one species (Meum athamanticum). Reduced humidity might be the reason for the extinction of two moisture demanding species (Viola palustris, Succisa pratensis). The biomass of the plot increased by increased growth of one of the matrix species (Festuca rubra), probably due to elevated nutrient mineralization. Many low growing species responded indirectly to the reduced light availability, caused by an increased level of competition for light (e.g. Galium harcynicum). Increased slug herbivory at low altitude resulted in the extinction of Arnica montana. At the end of the investigation period, the similarity in species composition to the initial state was only 45%, indicating that the community had changed into a different plant association. The importance of considering biotic interactions when predicting the impacts of climate change is discussed. AU - Bruelheide, H. PY - 2003 SP - 23-34 ST - Translocation of a montane meadow to simulate the potential impact of climate change T2 - Applied Vegetation Science TI - Translocation of a montane meadow to simulate the potential impact of climate change VL - 6 ID - 440 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brügger, R. AU - Vassella, A. LB - brue03 PY - 2003 SP - 287 ST - Pflanzen im Wandel der Jahreszeiten T2 - Geographica Bernensia, Geographisches Institut der Universität Bern, Schweiz TI - Pflanzen im Wandel der Jahreszeiten ID - 441 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bruijs, M. C. AU - Kelleher AU - B AU - Velde, Van der AU - G AU - Vaate, Bij de AU - A LB - brui01 PY - 2001 SP - 633-646 ST - Oxygen consumption, temperature and salinity tolerance of the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus: indicators of further dispersal via ballast water transport T2 - Arch. hydrobiol. TI - Oxygen consumption, temperature and salinity tolerance of the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus: indicators of further dispersal via ballast water transport VL - 15 ID - 442 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bruijs, M.C. AU - Kelleher AU - B. AU - Velde, Van der AU - G. AU - Vaate, Bij de AU - A. LB - brui01 PY - 2001 SP - 633-646 ST - Oxygen consumption, temperature and salinity tolerance of the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus: indicators of further dispersal via ballast water transport T2 - Arch. hydrobiol. TI - Oxygen consumption, temperature and salinity tolerance of the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus: indicators of further dispersal via ballast water transport VL - 15 ID - 443 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A new daily precipitation dataset, for the period 1920-1998, comprising seven stations located in the northeastern Italy is presented. Seasonal and annual precipitation and number of rainy days have been analysed and a study aimed at investigating precipitation intensity and extreme events has been performed. Precipitation intensity has been analysed through studying both the mean precipitation amount per wet day and dividing precipitation into heavy and non-heavy classes. In addition, the return period of the extreme events has been calculated for 30-year running windows and its variations have been examined. The results show a negative trend in the number of wet days associated with an increase in the contribution of heavy rainfall events to total precipitation. This is in agreement with a reduction in return period for extreme events since 1920. AU - Brunetti, M. AU - Maugeri, M. AU - Nanni, T. LB - brunetti2001 PY - 2001 SP - 861-871 ST - Changes in Total Precipitation, Rainy Days and Extreme Events in Northeastern Italy T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Changes in Total Precipitation, Rainy Days and Extreme Events in Northeastern Italy VL - 21 ID - 444 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The paper investigates precipitation variability in the greater Alpine region (GAR) (4-19°E, 43-49°N) based on 192 instrumental series of homogenized and outlier checked monthly precipitation and on the 1° gridded version of the same data set. Compared to the previous data sets, the one used in this paper adds a full century of data (earliest series starting in 1800) by exploiting the early instrumental period as much as possible in terms of series length and spatial density. The records were clustered into climatically homogeneous subregions, by means of a principal component analysis, and average subregional series were calculated. The principal component analysis was applied also in T-mode to investigate the most recursive precipitation patterns that characterize the examined area. Yearly and seasonal trend analysis was performed both on subregional average series and on the mean GAR series. It was also applied to moving windows, of variable width ranging from 2 decades to 2 centuries, in order to investigate any trends over decadal to secular timescales. Beside trends in total precipitation, precipitation seasonality was also analyzed as an important indicator of climate changes. Links between precipitation variability in the Alpine region and atmospheric circulation, and the North Atlantic Oscillation in particular, were also studied. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union. AD - Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Italian National Research Council, via Gobetti, 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy Istituto di Fisica Generale Applicata, via Brera, 28, I-20121 Milan, Italy Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics, Hohe Warte 38, A-1190 Vienna, Austria Brunetti, M. Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Italian National Research Council, via Gobetti, 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy email: m.brunetti@isac.cnr.it AU - Brunetti, M. AU - Maugeri, M. AU - Nanni, T. AU - Auer, I. AU - Böhm, R. AU - Schöner, W. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1029/2005JD006674 IS - 11 J2 - J. Geophys. Res. D Atmos. KW - Climate change Climatology Meteorological instruments Precipitation (meteorology) Principal component analysis Weather forecasting precipitation assessment principal component analysis trend analysis Alps Eurasia Europe LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996): 40 Art. 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Climatol., 21, pp. 219-247; Türkes, M., Erlat, E., Climatological responses of winter precipitation in Turkey to variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation during the period 1930-2001 (2005) Theor. Appl. Climatol., 81, pp. 45-69; Widmann, M.L., Schär, C., A principal component and longterm trend analysi of daily precipitation in Switzerland (1997) Int. J. Climatol., pp. 1333-1356; Wilks, D.S., (1995) Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences, , Elsevier, New York PY - 2006 SN - 01480227 ST - Precipitation variability and changes in the greater Alpine region over the 1800-2003 period T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres TI - Precipitation variability and changes in the greater Alpine region over the 1800-2003 period UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33746583604&partnerID=40&md5=440a7b59649a1f14908438f1ea077d2e VL - 111 ID - 445 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper proposes a methodology to study daily precipitation series that include a significant proportion of missing data, without resorting to completion methods based on randomly generated numbers. It is applied to a data set consisting of 75 station records (1951-2000) covering the Italian territory. They are clustered by principal component analysis into six regions: the north-west, the northern part of the north-east, the southern part of the north-east, the centre, the south and the islands (i.e. Sicily and Sardinia). Complete annual and seasonal regional average series are obtained from the incomplete station records, and analysed for droughts and extreme precipitation events. Droughts are identified by means of two indicators: the longest dry period and the proportion of dry days. The most remarkable result is a systematic increase in winter droughts over all of Italy, especially in the north, due mainly to the very dry 1987-93 period. Extreme events are analysed considering 5 day regional totals. In this case, however, an attempt to search for a statistically significant trend is not successful because of the scarcity of events in such a short period. The reliability of the regional series is checked by computing some basic statistics concerning total precipitation, rainy days and precipitation intensity and comparing them with the same statistics computed for regional series obtained by station records completed with methods based on random number generators. AU - Brunetti, M. AU - Maugeri, M. AU - Nanni, T. AU - Navarra, A. LB - brunetti2002 PY - 2002 SP - 543-558 ST - Droughts and Extreme Events in Regional Daily Italian Precipitation Series T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Droughts and Extreme Events in Regional Daily Italian Precipitation Series VL - 22 ID - 446 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Brunner, Conrad U. AU - Steinemann, Urs AU - Jürg, Nipkow PB - Bundesamt für Bauten und Logistik PY - 2008 ST - Bauen, wenn das Klima wärmer wird TI - Bauen, wenn das Klima wärmer wird ID - 447 ER - TY - RPRT AU - BRUSE, M. PY - 2004 ST - BUGS: Benefits of Urban Green Space, a research project supported by the Fifth Framework Programme and contributing to the implementation of the Key Action "City of tomorrow and cultural Heritage” within the Energy, Environment ans Sustainable Development, final report TI - BUGS: Benefits of Urban Green Space, a research project supported by the Fifth Framework Programme and contributing to the implementation of the Key Action "City of tomorrow and cultural Heritage” within the Energy, Environment ans Sustainable Development, final report ID - 448 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bryant, J. P. AU - Chapin AU - Klein, I. I. AU - D.R LB - brya83 PY - 1983 SP - 357-368 ST - Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory T2 - Oikos TI - Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory VL - 40 ID - 449 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bryant, J.P. AU - Chapin AU - Klein, I.I. AU - D.R. LB - brya83 PY - 1983 SP - 357-368 ST - Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory T2 - Oikos TI - Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory VL - 40 ID - 450 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bsteh, O. PY - 1937 SP - 108 ST - Fälle von Tularämie. Wien T2 - Klin. Wschr. TI - Fälle von Tularämie. Wien VL - 50 ID - 451 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Buchanan, G. R. LB - buchanan1995 PB - McGRAW-Hill PY - 1995 SP - 264 ST - Theorie and problems of finite elements analysis T2 - Schaum's outline TI - Theorie and problems of finite elements analysis ID - 452 ER - TY - THES A3 - Helga, Kromp-Kolb AU - BUCHEBNER, J. CY - Wien PB - Universität für Bodenkultur PY - 2011 SP - 175 ST - Changing Values - Werte und Wertewandel im Bereich nachhaltiger Entwicklung. T2 - Masterarbeit am Zentrum für Globalen Wandel und Nachhaltigkeit an der Universität für Bodenkultur TI - Changing Values - Werte und Wertewandel im Bereich nachhaltiger Entwicklung. VL - Master ID - 3511 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Wissenschaften, Akademie der AU - Buchgraber, K. CY - Wien PY - 2000 SP - 181-189 ST - Ertragspotentiale und Artenvielfalt auf Grünlandstandorten im Berggebiet. T2 - MAB-Forschungsbericht: Landschaft und Landwirtschaft im Wandel TI - Ertragspotentiale und Artenvielfalt auf Grünlandstandorten im Berggebiet. ID - 453 ER - TY - CONF AU - Buchgraber, K. CY - St. Georgen im Attergau PY - 2007 ST - Die Gemeine Rispe – Ein Problem in der intensiven Grünlandwirtschaft. T2 - Österreichische Grünland- und Viehwirtschaftstage für Gunstlagen "Die Wiese als Basis zum Erfolg" TI - Die Gemeine Rispe – Ein Problem in der intensiven Grünlandwirtschaft. ID - 454 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Buchgraber, K. AU - Gindl, G. CY - Graz PB - Leopold Stocker Verlag PY - 2004 SE - 52-55 ST - Zeitgemäße Grünlandbewirtschaftung TI - Zeitgemäße Grünlandbewirtschaftung VL - 2. Aufl. ID - 455 ER - TY - PCOMM AU - BUCK CY - Landesanstalt f. Umweltschutz, Stuttgart PY - 1981 ID - 456 ER - TY - JOUR AB - 1. Climate change, in combination with the impacts of land use, will give rise to new opportunities for grassland invasion. This paper reports on the repercussions of a field experiment. 2. Plant species, sown into experimental plots as part of a 6-year study investigating factors limiting the success of seedling invasions, were resurveyed in 1999, 3 years after terminating experimental manipulations of climate, soil fertility and disturbance. 3. The most dramatic observation was the protracted expansion in populations of Brachypodium pinnatum, despite being at the northern limit of its distribution in Britain. In contrast, all other sown species, including those of both southern and widespread distribution in Britain, had become extinct, declined or remained unchanged in abundance. 4. Patterns of establishment were strongly deterministic. Populations of the southern grass, B. pinnatum, were highest in areas of the experimental plots unamended by fertilizer and physical disturbance, but expansion was apparently promoted by cessation of management. Among invaders of widespread distribution, two were dependent upon fertilizer addition (Arrhenatherum elatius and Dactylis glomerata), one significantly increased its cover with a combination of fertilizer and disturbance (Holcus lanatus), and one benefited from disturbance (Plantago lanceolata). 5. Two southern perennials, Origanum vulgare and Senecio erucifolius, both remained present in 1999 in plots that were formerly heated and subject to drought (1991-96), whereas they had become extinct in control plots. 6. Although the most successful invader was a rhizomatous perennial grass, an alternative strategy for survival and expansion was revealed after the severe drought in 1995: gap recolonization by annuals with a persistent seed bank. 7. Most notably, this study revealed the hidden potential of a native species to establish beyond its current range of distribution and, contrary to many recognized weeds, the capacity to achieve dominance in the absence of eutrophication or disturbance. This high-lights the potent effects of climate change when plant traits effective for establishment coincide with the removal of current barriers to dispersal. AU - Buckland, S.M. AU - Thompson, K. AU - Hodgeson, J.G. AU - Grime, H.P. PY - 2001 SP - 301-309 ST - Grassland invasions: effects of manipulations of climate and management T2 - Journal of Applied Ecology TI - Grassland invasions: effects of manipulations of climate and management VL - 38 ID - 457 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper reviews scaling issues in forest succession modelling, focusing on forest gap models. Two modes of scaling are distinguished: (1) implicit scaling, i.e. taking scale-dependent features into account while developing model equations, and (2) explicit scaling, i.e. using procedures that typically involve numerical simulation to scale up the response of a local model in space and/or time. Special attention is paid to spatial upscaling methods, and downscaling is covered with respect to deriving scenarios of climatic change to drive gap models in impact assessments. When examining the equations used to represent ecological processes in forest gap models, it becomes evident that implicit scaling is relevant, but has not always been fully taken into consideration. A categorization from the literature is used to distinguish four methods for explicit upscaling of ecological models in space: (1) Lumping, (2) Direct extrapolation, (3) Extrapolation by expected value, and (4) Explicit integration. Examples from gap model studies are used to elaborate the potential and limitations of these methods, showing that upscaling to areas as large as 3000 km2 is possible, given that there are no significant disturbances such as fires or insect outbreaks at the landscape scale. Regarding temporal upscaling, we find that it is important to consider migrational lags, i.e. limited availability of propagules, if one wants to assess the transient behaviour of forests in a changing climate, specifically with respect to carbon storage and the associated feedbacks to the atmospheric CO2 content. Regarding downscaling, the ecological effects of different climate scenarios for the year 2100 were compared at a range of sites in central Europe. The derivation of the scenarios is based on (1) imposing GCM grid-cell average changes of temperature and precipitation on the local weather records; (2) a qualitative downscaling technique applied by the IPCC for central and southern Europe; and (3) statistical downscaling relating large-scale circulation patterns to local weather records. Widely different forest compositions may be obtained depending on the local climate scenario, suggesting that the downscaling issue is quite important for assessments of the ecological impacts of climatic change on forests. AU - Bugmann, Harald AU - Lindner, Marcus AU - Lasch, Petra AU - Flechsig, Michael AU - Ebert, Beatrix AU - Cramer, Wolfgang DO - 10.1023/A:1005603011956 IS - 3 LA - English N1 - Climatic Change PY - 2000 SN - 0165-0009 SP - 265-289 ST - Scaling Issues in Forest Succession Modelling T2 - Climatic Change TI - Scaling Issues in Forest Succession Modelling UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A%3A1005603011956 VL - 44 ID - 458 ER - TY - BOOK AU - BUHL, C. AU - SCHÜTTE, F. CY - Berlin und Hamburg PB - Verlag Paul Parey PY - 1971 ST - Prognose wichtiger Pflanzenschädlinge in der Landwirtschaft TI - Prognose wichtiger Pflanzenschädlinge in der Landwirtschaft ID - 459 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bühring, M. AU - Jung, E.G. CY - Stuttgart PB - Hippokrates PY - 1992 ST - UV-Biologie und Heliotherapie TI - UV-Biologie und Heliotherapie ID - 460 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buishand, T. A. AU - Brandsma, T. LB - buis00a PY - 2000 ST - Multi--site simulation of daily precipitaion and temperature in the Rhine basin by nearest--neighbor resampling T2 - Water Resour. Res. TI - Multi--site simulation of daily precipitaion and temperature in the Rhine basin by nearest--neighbor resampling VL - submitted ID - 461 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buiter, W.H. PY - 1988 SP - 279-293. ST - Death, birth, productivity growth and debt neutrality. T2 - The Economic Journal TI - Death, birth, productivity growth and debt neutrality VL - 98 ID - 462 ER - TY - JOUR AU - BULLMANN, O. AU - FABER, W. PY - 1958 SP - 33-159 ST - Studien zum Getreidewanzenproblem T2 - Pflanzenschutzberichte TI - Studien zum Getreidewanzenproblem VL - 20 ID - 463 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buma, Jelle AU - Dehn, Martin DA - May LB - buma00a N1 - Verwendung von drei verschiedenen Methoden zur Regionalisierung von Montaswerten von Temperatur und Niederschlag im Süd-Osten Frankreichs (Barcelonnette). -> nur eine station; Temperatur: direkte Interpolation von GCM Gitterwerten; Niederschlag: direkte Interpolation; ***niederschlag: ---"--- " --- " --- wozu dann MLR? > es wurden ja drei methoden verglichen: i)direkte interpolation, ii) MLR und > iii) analogmehtode MLR mit monatlichen SLP Feld (30-70N, 40W-40E),(4EOF), fitting period(28-57), validation period(58-91), mit "alten" NCEP Reanalyse ->r²=0.5(Feb). 0(Jul); Analogmethode: tägliches SLP-Feld mit den zwei vorangegangenen Tagen (5EOF) gleiche Zeiträume wie bei MLR ->r²=0.3(Jan).0(Jul); es wurden weiters drei verschiedene Klimascenarien untersucht (ECHAM4, HadCM2-GG, HadCM2-GS), dabei zeigt sich ein Temperaturanstieg zwischen 4.5 Grad(ECHAM4) und 3Grad(HadCM2-GS) bis 2100, bei direkter Interpolation der Gitterwerte; beim Niederschlag ergibt sich eine breite Streuung von Zu-und Abnahme bis 2099 sowohl was die Saisonen betrifft als auch für die unterschiedlichen Modelle und GCMs PY - 2000 SP - 69 - 81 ST - Impact of climate change on a landslide in South East France, simulated using different GCM scenarios and downscaling methods for local precipitation T2 - Clim. Res. TI - Impact of climate change on a landslide in South East France, simulated using different GCM scenarios and downscaling methods for local precipitation VL - 15 ID - 464 ER - TY - RPRT AU - (Hrsg.), BUND HAMBURG CY - Hamburg PB - Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland e.V. Landesverband Hamburg PY - 2010 ST - Lass wachsen, Hamburg! Über die Wichtigkeit von Grünräumen in der Stadt TI - Lass wachsen, Hamburg! Über die Wichtigkeit von Grünräumen in der Stadt ID - 465 ER - TY - RPRT AU - BAFU, BUNDESAMT FÜR ENERGIE – BFE und BUNDESAMT FÜR UMWELT – CY - Bern, Schweiz PB - BUNDESAMT FÜR ENERGIE – BFE und BUNDESAMT FÜR UMWELT – BAFU PY - 2010 ST - Holz als Rohstoff und Energieträger – Dynamisches Holzmarktmodell und Zukunftsszenarien – Schlussbericht. TI - Holz als Rohstoff und Energieträger – Dynamisches Holzmarktmodell und Zukunftsszenarien – Schlussbericht. ID - 3473 ER - TY - RPRT AU - BFS, BUNDESAMT FÜR STATISTIK – CY - Bern, Schweiz PY - 1998 ST - Studie über die zweite Holzverarbeitungsstufe in der Schweiz 1995 TI - Studie über die zweite Holzverarbeitungsstufe in der Schweiz 1995 ID - 3474 ER - TY - RPRT AU - BUNDESAMT FÜR UMWELT, WALD UND LANDSCHAFT – BUWAL ID - 3475 ER - TY - WEB AU - Hofburg, Bundesdenkmalamt CY - Wien M1 - 6.6.2011 PB - Bundesdenkmalamt Hofburg PY - 2011 ST - Richtlinie Energieeffizienz am Baudenkmal TI - Richtlinie Energieeffizienz am Baudenkmal UR - http://www.bda.at/documents/944221227.pdf ID - 466 ER - TY - WEB AU - Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung (BBSR) M1 - 9.6.2011 PY - 2010 UR - http://www.stadtklimalotse.net/stadtklimalotse ID - 467 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bundesministerium für Familie, Soziales, Frauen und Jugend CY - Berlin N1 - (Hrsg.) PY - 2010 ST - Engagiert vor Ort - Wege und Erfahrungen von Kommunalpolitikerinnen TI - Engagiert vor Ort - Wege und Erfahrungen von Kommunalpolitikerinnen ID - 3619 ER - TY - GEN AU - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft CY - Wien N1 - (Hrsg.) PY - 2013 ST - Die Österreichische Strategie zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel, Teil 1 - Kontext TI - Die Österreichische Strategie zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel, Teil 1 - Kontext ID - 3620 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft (BMLFUW) AU - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft (BMLFUW) PY - 2010 ST - Auf dem Weg zu einer nationalen Anpassungsstrategie T2 - Policy Paper. Arbeitspapier 2. Entwurf. TI - Auf dem Weg zu einer nationalen Anpassungsstrategie ID - 468 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft (BMLFUW) PY - 2000 ST - ÖPUL 2000 T2 - Sonderrichtlinie für das Österreichische Programm zur Förderung einer umweltgerechten, extensiven und den natürlichen Lebensraum schützenden Landwirtschaft TI - ÖPUL 2000 VL - Zl. 25.014/37-II/B8/00 ID - 469 ER - TY - CONF AU - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft (BMLFUW) AU - Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie (BMVIT) AU - (BMWA), Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit CY - Hofburg Wien PY - 2006 T2 - „Umweltfreundlich Reisen in Europa. Herausforderungen und Innovationen für Umwelt, Verkehr und Tourismus“ ID - 470 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft (BMLFUW) AU - Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie (BMVIT) AU - (BMWA), Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit PY - 2006 SP - 7 ST - „Umweltfreundlich Reisen in Europa. Herausforderungen und Innovationen für Umwelt, Verkehr und Tourismus“ - Abschlussdokument T2 - Konferenz-Report TI - „Umweltfreundlich Reisen in Europa. Herausforderungen und Innovationen für Umwelt, Verkehr und Tourismus“ - Abschlussdokument ID - 471 ER - TY - GEN AU - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft, BMLFUW PY - 2006 SP - 79 ST - Richtlinien für die sachgerechte Düngung (6. A) TI - Richtlinien für die sachgerechte Düngung (6. A) ID - 472 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft, BMLFUW CY - Wien PY - 2010 ST - Bericht über die Lage der österreichischen Landwirtschaft 2009 T2 - 51. Grüner Bericht TI - Bericht über die Lage der österreichischen Landwirtschaft 2009 ID - 473 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bundesministerium für Soziale Sicherheit und Generation, Sektion für Frauenangelegenheiten CY - Wien N1 - (Hrsg.) PY - 1999 ST - Gender Mainstreaming, Begriffsschema, Methodologie und Darstellung nachahmenswerter Praktiken, Abschließender Bericht der Mainstreaming Expertengruppe (EG-S-MS) des Europarates, Zusammenfassung TI - Gender Mainstreaming, Begriffsschema, Methodologie und Darstellung nachahmenswerter Praktiken, Abschließender Bericht der Mainstreaming Expertengruppe (EG-S-MS) des Europarates, Zusammenfassung ID - 3621 ER - TY - GEN AU - BURFORD, G. AU - VELASCO, I. AU - STAPLETON, L.M. AU - HARDNER, M.K. PY - 2012 ST - Developing values- based sustainability indicators: an adaptive learning approach based on intersubjective multi-stakeholder dialogue T2 - University of Brighton TI - Developing values- based sustainability indicators: an adaptive learning approach based on intersubjective multi-stakeholder dialogue ID - 3513 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burford, Gemma AU - Velasco, Ismael AU - Janoušková, Svatava AU - Zahradnik, Martin AU - Hak, Tomas AU - Podger, Dimity AU - Piggot, Georgia AU - Harder, Marie K. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2012.04.005 IS - 1 KW - Values Process evaluation Participatory evaluation Utilisation-focused evaluation Indicators Peer generated Face validity Co-design Action research PY - 2013 SN - 0149-7189 SP - 1-14 ST - Field trials of a novel toolkit for evaluating ‘intangible’ values-related dimensions of projects T2 - Evaluation and Program Planning TI - Field trials of a novel toolkit for evaluating ‘intangible’ values-related dimensions of projects UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149718912000444 VL - 36 ID - 3512 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As study area we selected the glacier foreland of Morteratsch (approx. 1900-2100. m a.s.l.) near Pontresina northwest of the Bernina pass, Upper Engadine, Grisons (Switzerland). The aim of this study is a multimethodological approach using floristic inventories, vegetation and soil mapping of the pro-glacial area in order to detect crucial parameters controlling plant resettlement in recently deglaciated areas as related to time, local microtopography and soil development. The following methodological approaches were included in this study: (i) floristic relevees along a chronosequence covering 134 years (1857-1990); (ii) dendrochronological data on tree establishment, collected on a grid with a mesh width of 40. m in the area, which became ice-free between 1857 and 1980; (iii) vegetation mapping; (iv) soil analyses including physical and chemical properties of 11 typical profiles; (v) soil mapping and (vi) data evaluation using GIS. Retreating glaciers successively expose mineral substrates that are colonised within a few years by vascular plants, mosses, lichens and soil biota. With increasing plant cover, also the abundance of soil organic matter increases. At first sight, the large-scale patterns of vegetation and soil seem to be driven by the time since deglaciation, whereas the small scale patterns may appear chaotic since they depend on local site conditions, which may change dramatically over short distances. The large-scale pattern seems to develop as follows. About 7 years after deglaciation the first pioneer plants establish themselves and form after an additional 20 years period the Epilobietum fleischeri community, which today dominates the recently deglaciated areas, but may be found in patches more or less on the whole pro-glacial area. By contrast, the first elements of the short living Oxyrietum digynae community appear approximately 10 years after deglaciation and persist for only about 30 years. Dendrochronology showed that the first European larch and Swiss stone pine trees established themselves 15 and 31 years, respectively, after deglaciation. Surprisingly, on the study area, Swiss stone pine is about twice as frequent as the typical pioneer species European larch (88 stems per ha vs. 45 stems per ha), despite the fact that larch starts earlier and grows faster than Swiss stone pine (annual height increment: 21. cm vs. 8. cm). Up-to-now, however, nowhere in the 150-year-old glacier foreland a near-to-mature larch-Swiss stone pine forest can be found. Besides large-scale factors such as time since deglaciation, topography and disturbance (floods, rockfalls, avalanches), also small-scale factors such as grain size and water content of the substrate, micro-relief and micro-climate seem to be crucial for the development of both vegetation and soil. Time since deglaciation and a straightforward single-pathway succession model are clearly not sufficient for understanding the small-scale patterns of succession. A non-linear succession model with different starting points and different pathways of potential primary successions for the different ecological niches is more promising for describing accurately the spatio-temporal vegetation dynamics of the pro-glacial area of Morteratsch. © 2010 Elsevier GmbH. AD - Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland Zürich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Department of Geography University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland AU - Burga, C. A. AU - Krüsi, B. AU - Egli, M. AU - Wernli, M. AU - Elsener, S. AU - Ziefle, M. AU - Fischer, T. AU - Mavris, C. DO - Export Date 25 January 2011 Source Scopus IS - 9 KW - Glacier foreland Grain size Primary plant succession Soil development Swiss Alps Upper Engadine PY - 2010 SP - 561-576 ST - Plant succession and soil development on the foreland of the Morteratsch glacier (Pontresina, Switzerland): Straight forward or chaotic? T2 - Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants TI - Plant succession and soil development on the foreland of the Morteratsch glacier (Pontresina, Switzerland): Straight forward or chaotic? UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77956279385&partnerID=40&md5=e6f40d29bab9a31ba778491f1f88e447 VL - 205 ID - 474 ER - TY - WEB AU - BURGER, F. CY - Potsdam-Bornim M1 - 27.11.2008 PB - INSTITUT FÜR AGRARTECHNIK BORNIM e.V. PY - 2004 ST - Technologie und Ökonomie des Anbaus und der Ernte von Feldholz T2 - Energieholzproduktion in der Landwirtschaft: Potenzial, Anbau, Technologie, Ökologie und Ökonomie TI - Technologie und Ökonomie des Anbaus und der Ernte von Feldholz UR - http://www.dendrom.de/daten/downloads/ATB_Heft35.pdf ID - 475 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bürger, G. LB - buerger1996 PY - 1996 ST - Expanded downscaling for generating local weather scenarios T2 - Clim. Res. TI - Expanded downscaling for generating local weather scenarios VL - 7 ID - 476 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bürger, Gerd DA - November LB - buerg96a N1 - Es wird das sogennante 'expanded downscaling' behandelt, dabei wird im Unterschied zum normalen statistischen Downscaling kein Link zwischen grosskaligen und lokalen Anomalien gesucht, sondern zwischen ihren Kovarianzen. Untersucht wurden 14 verschiedene Variablen (auf täglicher Basis)- intersannte Liste möglicher Variablen- für die Station Potsdam. 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Entlehnbar UBBW FB Wald,Natur,Technik Lesesaal WB-5265/2.Aufl. Entlehnbar PB - Parey PY - 1997 SN - 3-8263-3045-5 SP - XVI, 487 S. ST - Grundriß des Waldbaus T2 - Pareys Studientexte TI - Grundriß des Waldbaus VL - 2. Auflage ID - 480 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burton, J. F. LB - burt95 PY - 1995 SP - 1995 ST - Birds and climate change TI - Birds and climate change ID - 481 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burton, J. F. LB - burt01 PY - 2001 SP - 188-198 ST - The response of European insects to climate change T2 - British Wildlife TI - The response of European insects to climate change VL - 12 ID - 482 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buse, A. AU - Dury AU - J, S. AU - Woodburn AU - W, R. J. AU - Perrins AU - M, C. AU - Good AU - G, J. E. LB - buse99 PY - 1999 SP - 74-82 ST - Effects of elevated temperature on multi-species interactions: the case of the pendunculate oak, winter moth and tits T2 - Functional Ecol. TI - Effects of elevated temperature on multi-species interactions: the case of the pendunculate oak, winter moth and tits VL - 13 ID - 483 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buse, A. AU - Dury AU - J., S. AU - Woodburn AU - W., R. J. AU - Perrins AU - M., C. AU - Good AU - G., J. E. LB - buse99 PY - 1999 SP - 74-82 ST - Effects of elevated temperature on multi-species interactions: the case of the pendunculate oak, winter moth and tits T2 - Functional Ecol. TI - Effects of elevated temperature on multi-species interactions: the case of the pendunculate oak, winter moth and tits VL - 13 ID - 484 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buse, A. AU - Good AU - J.E.G LB - buse96 PY - 1996 SP - 335-343 ST - Synchronisation of larval emergence in winter moth (Operophtera brumata L T2 - and budburst in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) under simulated climate change. Ecological Entomology TI - Synchronisation of larval emergence in winter moth (Operophtera brumata L VL - 21 ID - 485 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buse, A. AU - Good AU - J.E.G. LB - buse96 PY - 1996 SP - 335-343 ST - Synchronisation of larval emergence in winter moth (Operophtera brumata L T2 - and budburst in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) under simulated climate change. Ecological Entomology TI - Synchronisation of larval emergence in winter moth (Operophtera brumata L VL - 21 ID - 486 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Busuioc, A. AU - von Storch, H. LB - busu96a PY - 1996 SP - 538-552 ST - Changes in the winter precipitation in Romania and its relation to the large-scale circulation T2 - Tellus TI - Changes in the winter precipitation in Romania and its relation to the large-scale circulation VL - 48A ID - 487 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Busuioc, Aristita AU - von Storch, Hans AU - Reiner, Schnur LB - busuioc1999 PY - 1999 SP - 258-272 ST - Verification of GCM-generated regional saesonal precipitation for current climate and of statistical downscaling estimates under changing climate conditions T2 - J. Climate TI - Verification of GCM-generated regional saesonal precipitation for current climate and of statistical downscaling estimates under changing climate conditions VL - 12 ID - 488 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Busuioc, Aristita AU - von Storch, Hans AU - Schnur, Reiner LB - busu99a N1 - Saisionaler Niederschlag für Rumänien(14 Stationen, Monatssummen (1901- 1990); NCEP(alte) und ECHAM3 T21 und T42; Prädiktor: monatlicher SLP(30-55N/5-50E); saisonale Abbildung (Transferfunktion); Methode: CCA - ersten zwei EOF; es zeigen sich gute Korrelationen (Werte werden nicht angeben) nicht jedoch im Frühling, bei 2xCO2 solwohl Zu- als auch Abnahme des Niederschlages bis 2050 (regional unterschiedlich), SLP scheint geeigent für saisonalen und lokalen Niederschlag NG 14082001 PY - 1999 SP - 258 -- 272 ST - Verification of GCM-Generated Regional Seasonal Precipitation for Current Climate and of Statistical Downscaling Estimates under Changing Climate Conditions T2 - J. Climate TI - Verification of GCM-Generated Regional Seasonal Precipitation for Current Climate and of Statistical Downscaling Estimates under Changing Climate Conditions VL - 12 ID - 489 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Butler, C. J. LB - butl03 PY - 2003 SP - 484-495 ST - The disproportionate effect of global warming on the arrival dates of short-distance migratory birds in North America T2 - Ibis TI - The disproportionate effect of global warming on the arrival dates of short-distance migratory birds in North America VL - 14 ID - 490 ER - TY - GEN AU - BUWAL, Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft et al. (Hrsg.) CY - Bern PY - 2001 SP - 42 ST - Berücksichtigung der Massenbewegungsgefahren bei raumwirksamen Tätigkeiten – Empfehlungen 1997 TI - Berücksichtigung der Massenbewegungsgefahren bei raumwirksamen Tätigkeiten – Empfehlungen 1997 ID - 491 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buzzi, A. AU - D'Isidoro, M. AU - Davolio, S. AU - Malguzzi, P. LB - buzzi2003 PY - 2003 SP - 24-27 ST - Numerical assessment of MAP episodes of heavy precipitation using high resolution reanalyses and assimilation of surface data T2 - ICAM and MAP Meeting, Brig, Switzerland TI - Numerical assessment of MAP episodes of heavy precipitation using high resolution reanalyses and assimilation of surface data VL - Preprints ID - 492 ER - TY - RPRT AU - (Hrsg.), BVB (= BUNDESVERBAND BODEN e.V.) CY - Berlin, BadenWÜ PY - 2005 SP - 78 ST - Biologische Charakterisierung von Böden – Ansatz zur Bewertung von Bodenorganismen im Rahmen von Planungsprozessen. – BVB-Materialien TI - Biologische Charakterisierung von Böden – Ansatz zur Bewertung von Bodenorganismen im Rahmen von Planungsprozessen. – BVB-Materialien VL - Band 13 ID - 3384 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Byatt, I., I. Castles, I.M. Goklany, D. Henderson, N. Lawson, R. McKitrick, J. Morris, A. Peacock, C. Robinson, and R. Skidelsky , Part II: Economic Aspects, World Economics 7, October–December: 199-232. IS - 4 N1 - (2006) (4) PY - 2006 SP - 199-232 ST - The Stern Review: A Dual Critique Part II: Economic Aspects T2 - World Economics TI - The Stern Review: A Dual Critique Part II: Economic Aspects VL - 7 ID - 493 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Byers, J. E. LB - byer02 PY - 2002 SP - 449-458 ST - Impact of non-indigenous species on natives enhanced by anthropogenic alteration of selection regimes T2 - Oikos TI - Impact of non-indigenous species on natives enhanced by anthropogenic alteration of selection regimes VL - 97 ID - 494 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Context Associations have been found between day-to-day particulate air pollution and increased risk of various adverse health outcomes, including cardiopulmonary mortality. However, studies of health effects of long-term particulate air pollution have been less conclusive. Objective To assess the relationship between long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution and all-cause, lung cancer, and cardiopulmonary mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants Vital status and cause of death data were collected by the American Cancer Society as part of the Cancer Prevention II study, an ongoing prospective mortality study, which enrolled approximately 1.2 million adults in 1982. Participants completed a questionnaire detailing individual risk factor data (age, sex, race, weight, height, smoking history, education, marital status, diet, alcohol consumption, and occupational exposures). The risk factor data for approximately 500 000 adults were linked with air pollution data for metropolitan areas throughout the United States and combined with vital status and cause of death data through December 31, 1998. Main Outcome Measure All-cause, lung cancer, and cardiopulmonary mortality. Results Fine particulate and sulfur oxide–related pollution were associated with all-cause, lung cancer, and cardiopulmonary mortality. Each 10-µg/m3 elevation in fine particulate air pollution was associated with approximately a 4%, 6%, and 8% increased risk of all-cause, cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer mortality, respectively. Measures of coarse particle fraction and total suspended particles were not consistently associated with mortality. Conclusion Long-term exposure to combustion-related fine particulate air pollution is an important environmental risk factor for cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality. AU - C. Arden Pope III, Richard T. Burnett, Michael J. Thun, Eugenia E. Calle, Daniel Krewski, Kazuhiko Ito, George D. Thurston DO - 10.1001/jama.287.9.1132 IS - 9 KW - air pollutants, environmental, environmental exposure, epidemiologic studies, lung neoplasms, mortality. PY - 2002 SP - 1132-1141 ST - Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution T2 - JAMA TI - Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonary Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution VL - 287 ID - 495 ER - TY - JOUR AU - C.C LB - cc02 PY - 2002 SP - 1-48 ST - Das Klima ändert sich - auch in der Schweiz T2 - Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse des dritten Wissenstandsberichtes des IPCC aus Sicht der Schweiz. TI - Das Klima ändert sich - auch in der Schweiz ID - 496 ER - TY - JOUR AU - C.C. LB - cc02 PY - 2002 SP - 1-48 ST - Das Klima ändert sich - auch in der Schweiz T2 - Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse des dritten Wissenstandsberichtes des IPCC aus Sicht der Schweiz. TI - Das Klima ändert sich - auch in der Schweiz ID - 497 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Total columnar ozone has been decreasing over middle latitudes (20°–60°) between 1979 and December 2000 at rates of about 4% in winter/spring and about 2% per decade in the summer. Total ozone trends through 1997 and through 2000 differ only over the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere. This long-term trend was interrupted by periods of enhanced volcanic activity, which resulted to significant ozone losses (more than 5% per year) following large volcanic eruptions (El Chichon in 1982 and particularly Mt Pinatubo in 1991). Linked to the ozone decrease are well-documented global increases of the harmful UV-B solar radiation levels reaching ground level. Through 1997 the erythemal dose over middle latitudes in clear skies was increasing at rates exceeding 5% per decade while the solar UV irradiance at the lower wavelengths was increasing by more than 10% per decade, partly enhanced by the decrease of air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide in the case of Thessaloniki. However, evidence is presented in this study that during the last decade (1990–2001) over Thessaloniki, the ozone trend was smaller the order of −1.5% per decade. Also the associated increasing trends in the erythemal dose and at 305 nm are smaller not exceeding +2% and +4% per decade respectively under clear skies. The long-term UV variability has a QBO component, which cannot be overlooked, even in comparison with the amplitude of the annual cycle. AU - C.S, Zerefos IS - 6-8 KW - Ozone Solar UV radiation Long-term variations N1 - doi: 10.1016/S1474-7065(02)00026-8 PY - 2002 SN - 1474-7065 SP - 455-460 ST - Long-term ozone and UV variations at Thessaloniki, Greece T2 - Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C TI - Long-term ozone and UV variations at Thessaloniki, Greece UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706502000268 VL - 27 ID - 498 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Visceral leishmaniasis occurring in immunocompromised patients, and in particular during HIV infection, has been described in recent years and differs from the usual Mediterranean kala-azar as encountered in France. In order to define the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features of the HIV-Leishmania spp. co-infection, we report 8 new cases and compare them with data from the literature. The co-infection occurs at any stage of HIV infection, usually in drug addicts using intravenous injections. Clinical manifestations, such as fever, weight loss, liver and spleen enlargement and polyadenopathy, and laboratory findings (cytoponia, inflammatory syndrome) are generally present but not specific during the HIV infection course. Moreover, some gastrointestinal and pleuropulmonary forms of the co-infection are misleading. Leishmaniasis serology is negative in 50 percent of the patients. In most cases the diagnosis is provided by detection of the parasite in bone marrow samples. Culture must be systematic, and samplings must be repeated if they are negative. The first-line treatment consists of pentavalent antimony. Almost 80 percent of the patients respond to this treatment, but relapses occur in 50 percent of the cases. This high risk of relapse and the opportunistic behaviour of leishmaniasis justify a prophylaxis of relapses. AU - Cabié, A. AU - Matheron, S. AU - Leprètre, A. AU - Bouchaud, O. AU - Deluol, A.M. AU - Coulaud, J.P. LA - France PY - 1992 SP - 1658-1662 ST - Visceral leishmaniasis in HIV infection. A totally opportunistic infection T2 - Presse Medicale TI - Visceral leishmaniasis in HIV infection. A totally opportunistic infection VL - 21 ID - 499 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cade, Brian S. AU - Noon, Barry R. 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PY - 2007 SP - http://www.lfl.bayern.de/iab/bodenschutz/12458/ ST - Humusbilanz für Beratung in Bayern TI - Humusbilanz für Beratung in Bayern ID - 506 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Carmignola, G. CY - Bozen PB - Athesia PY - 2000 ST - Das Steinwild in Südtirol TI - Das Steinwild in Südtirol ID - 507 ER - TY - WEB AU - Science, Carnegie Institution for M1 - 30.5.2011 PY - 2011 UR - http://dge.stanford.edu/about/building/Sus_features.pdf ID - 508 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Summary * • Tree rings are widely used long-term proxy data which, if combined with long-term instrumental climate records, can provide excellent information on global climate variability. This research aimed to determine whether interannual climate–growth responses in Alpine treeline forests are stationary over time. * • We used tree-ring width chronologies of Larix decidua (European larch) from 17 sites and monthly temperatures and precipitation data for the period 1800–1999. Climate–growth relationships were assessed with correlation and response functions, and their stationarity and consistency over time were measured using moving correlation. * • Tree-ring chronologies showed similar interannual variations over the last two centuries, suggesting that the same climatic factors synchronously limited growth at most sites. The most sensitive variables showed significant transient responses varying within the time period, indicating a possible deviation from the uniformitarian principle applied to dendroclimatology. * • If these findings are confirmed in future studies on other species and in other regions, we suggest that time-dependent variables should be taken into account to avoid overestimation of treeline advance, future forest carbon storage in temperature-limited environments and inaccurate reconstruction of past climate variability. AU - Carrer, Marco AU - Urbinati, Carlo DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01703.x IS - 4 KW - climate–growth responses dendroclimatology Larix decidua (European larch) moving correlation function tree ring uniformitarian principle PY - 2006 SN - 1469-8137 SP - 861-872 ST - Long-term change in the sensitivity of tree-ring growth to climate forcing in Larix decidua T2 - New Phytologist TI - Long-term change in the sensitivity of tree-ring growth to climate forcing in Larix decidua UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01703.x VL - 170 ID - 509 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Cartalis C., A. Synodinou, M. Prodedrou, A. Tsangrassoulis, M. 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IS - D24 LB - char1999a PY - 1999 SP - 31657--31669 ST - A spatio-temporal model for downscaling precipitation occurrence and amounts T2 - J. Geophys. Res. TI - A spatio-temporal model for downscaling precipitation occurrence and amounts VL - 104 ID - 529 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Charlson, R. J. AU - Schwarz, S. E. AU - Hales, J. M. AU - Cess, R. D. AU - Coakley, J. A. AU - Hansen, J. E. AU - Hofmann, D. J. LB - char1992a PY - 1992 SP - 423-430 ST - Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols T2 - Science TI - Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols VL - 255 ID - 530 ER - TY - JOUR AB - · Context Drought and frost resistances are key factors for the survival and distribution of tree species. · Aims In this study, the vulnerability to drought-induced embolism and frost resistance of four species were analysed, whereby different sites and altitudes were compared and seasonal variation was considered. · Methods Fagus sylvatica L., Sorbus aucuparia L., Picea abies L. Karst and Larix decidua Mill samples were harvested at high and low altitude sites in France and Austria, respectively, and sampling occurred in winter and summer. Pressure at 50% loss of conductivity (P 50), specific hydraulic conductivity (ks) and temperature lethal for 50% of cells (LT50) were determined, and soluble carbohydrate and starch content were quantified. · Results No site-, altitude- or season-specific trend in P50 was observed, except for S. aucuparia, which showed P50 to decrease with altitude. Within regions, ks tended to decrease with altitudes. LT50 was between -48.4°C (winter) and -9.4°C (summer) and more negative in Tyrolean trees. Starch content was overall lower and carbohydrate content higher in winter than in summer, no site-specific or altitudinal trend was observed. · Conclusion Studied species obviously differed in their strategies to withstand to frost and drought, so that siterelated, altitudinal and seasonal patterns varied. © INRA/Springer-Verlag France 2011. AD - Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria INRA, UMR A547 PIAF, Site INRA de Crouelle, 234 av. du Brezet, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR A547 PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 2, France Charra-Vaskou, K. Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria email: katline.charra-vaskou@uibk.ac.at AU - Charra-Vaskou, K. AU - Charrier, G. AU - Wortemann, R. AU - Beikircher, B. AU - Cochard, H. AU - Ameglio, T. AU - Mayr, S. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s13595-011-0160-5 IS - 3 J2 - Ann. Forest Sci. 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Smith, Helicoverpa armigera Hbn.) unter Labor- und Gewächshausbedingungen TI - Untersuchungen über die Wirkung insektizider Naturstoffe auf ausgewählte Baumwollschädlinge (Aphis gossypii Glov., Bemisia tabaci Gen., Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith, Helicoverpa armigera Hbn.) unter Labor- und Gewächshausbedingungen ID - 548 ER - TY - RPRT AU - H., Christensen J. M1 - PRUDENCE EVK2-)CT2001-00132 Final Report PY - 2004 ST - Prediction of Regional scenarios and Uncertainties for Defining European Climate change risks and Effects. PRUDENCE EVK2-)CT2001-00132 Final Report. http://prudence.dmi.dk TI - Prediction of Regional scenarios and Uncertainties for Defining European Climate change risks and Effects UR - http://prudence.dmi.dk ID - 549 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Christensen, J. H. AU - Christensen, O. B. LB - christensen2002 PY - 2002 SP - 805 f. ST - Severe Summertime Flooding in Europe T2 - Nature TI - Severe Summertime Flooding in Europe VL - 421 ID - 550 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.) AU - CHRISTENSEN, J. H. AU - HEWITSON, B. AU - BUSUIOC, A. AU - CHEN, A. AU - GAO, X. AU - HELD, I. AU - JONES, R. AU - KOLLI, R. K. AU - KWON, W.-T. AU - LAPRISE, V. AU - MAGAÑA REUDA, V. AU - MEARNS, L. AU - MENÉDEZ, C. G. R. AU - J. RINKE, A. AU - SARR, A. AU - WHETTON, P. CY - Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PY - 2007 ST - Regional Climate Projections T2 - Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Regional Climate Projections ID - 551 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M., Miller, H.L. (eds.) AU - Christensen, J.H. AU - Hewitson, B. AU - Busuioc, A. AU - Chen, A. AU - Gao, X. AU - Held, I. AU - Jones, R. AU - Kolli, R.K. AU - Kwon, W.T. AU - Laprise, R. AU - Magaña Rueda, V. AU - Mearns, L. AU - Menéndez, C.G. AU - Räisänen, J. AU - Rinke, A. AU - Sarr, A. AU - Whetton, P. CY - Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA PB - Cambridge University Press PY - 2007 ST - Regional Climate Projections T2 - Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change TI - Regional Climate Projections ID - 552 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Christensen, Jens AU - Christensen, Ole IS - 0 KW - Earth and Environmental Science N1 - 0165-0009 PY - 2007 SP - 7 ST - A summary of the PRUDENCE model projections of changes in European climate by the end of this century T2 - Climatic Change TI - A summary of the PRUDENCE model projections of changes in European climate by the end of this century UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9210-7 VL - 81 ID - 553 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Heavy and/or extended precipitation episodes with subsequent surface runoff can inflict catastrophic property damage and loss of human life. Thus, it is important to determine how the character of such events could change in response to greenhouse gas-induced global warming. Impacts of climate warming on severe precipitation events in Europe on a diurnal time scale were investigated with a high-resolution regional climate model for two of the greenhouse gas emission scenarios constructed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC; Nakicenovic, N., et al., 2000, IPCC special report on emission scenarios, 599 pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK). A series of 30-year time slice experiments were conducted for periods representing the present (1961–1990) and the future (2071–2100). The large-scale initial and lateral boundary conditions were imposed from two different global models both originating from fully transient climate change simulations. Here, we show that although the summer time precipitation decreases over a substantial part of Europe in the scenarios analysed, an increase in the amount of precipitation exceeding the present-day 99th and in most cases even the 95th percentile is found for large areas. An analysis of daily precipitation over the entire European river catchments confirms this observation. AU - Christensen, O. B. AU - Christensen, J. H. IS - 1-4 KW - Precipitation episodes Greenhouse gas Climate model N1 - doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.06.013 PY - 2004 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 107-117 ST - Intensification of extreme European summer precipitation in a warmer climate T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - Intensification of extreme European summer precipitation in a warmer climate UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818104001006 VL - 44 ID - 554 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Christenson M., H. Manz, D. Gyalistras PY - 2006 SP - 671–686 ST - Climate warming impact on degree-days T2 - Energy Conversion and Management TI - Climate warming impact on degree-days ID - 555 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bark beetles are among the few native insects that can kill large numbers of trees in a single year. The present paper reviews recent work on the relationship between conifer resistance to bark beetle attack and tree vigor, e.g. in terms of wood production per unit of foliage. Experimental studies in the Pacific Northwest and the southeast U.S.A., and in Norway, are drawn upon to show that tree resistance to attack may be closely related to the amount of current and stored photosynthate that is available for defense. An experimental approach is advocated to critically test the relationship between host-tree resistance and the limitations on the transfer of critical resources to the site of attack. © 1987. AD - Norwegian Forest Research Institute, N-1432 Ås -NLH, Norway Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States Christiansen, E. Norwegian Forest Research Institute, N-1432 Ås -NLH, Norway AU - Christiansen, E. AU - Waring, R. H. AU - Berryman, A. A. DB - Scopus IS - 1-2 J2 - For. Ecol. Manage. LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996): 160 CODEN: FECMD PY - 1987 SN - 03781127 SP - 89-106 ST - Resistance of conifers to bark beetle attack: Searching for general relationships T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Resistance of conifers to bark beetle attack: Searching for general relationships UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0023471805&partnerID=40&md5=ca89a42e44c6577bd7417eff0f90bbed VL - 22 ID - 556 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Christiansen, E. AU - Waring AU - R.H AU - Berryman AU - A.A LB - chri87 PY - 1987 SP - 89-106 ST - Resistance of Conifers to Bark Beetle Attack: Searching for General Relationships T2 - For. Ecol. Manage. TI - Resistance of Conifers to Bark Beetle Attack: Searching for General Relationships VL - 22 ID - 557 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Christiansen, E. AU - Waring AU - R.H. AU - Berryman AU - A.A. LB - chri87 PY - 1987 SP - 89-106 ST - Resistance of Conifers to Bark Beetle Attack: Searching for General Relationships T2 - For. Ecol. Manage. TI - Resistance of Conifers to Bark Beetle Attack: Searching for General Relationships VL - 22 ID - 558 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Forest soils represent an important part of the global C cycle as they store large amounts of organic carbon (OC). With its great importance for nutrient and water supply, soil organic matter (SOM) is a key site characteristic particularly in shallow mountain soils. We conducted soil humus inventories in three research areas in the Bavarian Limestone Alps to investigate long-term effects of historical forest management with selective harvesting on shallow calcareous mountain forest soils. In each research area, SOM stocks under unmanaged forest at remote sites representing the virgin forest status and those of nearby selectively harvested forest stands (repeated single tree extraction, shelterwood harvesting) with identical site factors were compared in a paired-plot approach. At each site, five soil profiles were investigated; additionally O layer thickness was measured as well as important stand characteristics were assessed at 30 points of an orthogonal grid net that had been established in each stand. OC and N stocks in the forest floor and in the mineral soil were calculated by horizon as well as by depth increment and evaluated statistically. On average, forest floor OC and N stocks were reduced by about 80% under managed forest (OC stock 25±34Mgha-1; N stock 1.0±1.5Mgha-1) compared to nearby unmanaged forest (OC stock 114±123Mgha-1; N stock 4.5±5.1Mgha-1). OC and N stocks in the mineral topsoil (0-30cm) were larger under managed (OC stock 65±22Mgha-1; N stock 4.4±1.4Mgha-1) compared to unmanaged stands (OC stock 55±38Mgha-1; N stock 3.6±2.8Mgha-1). Total topsoil (forest floor+mineral topsoil) OC and N stocks under managed forest (OC stock 89±36Mgha-1; N stock 5.4±1.6Mgha-1) exhibited significant OC losses of 47% and N losses of 33% compared to nearby unmanaged forest (OC stock 169±96Mgha-1; N stock 8.1±3.4Mgha-1). Hence we conclude that standard forest management as practiced since ca. 200years has considerably reduced SOM stocks on shallow calcareous mountain forest soils in the Bavarian Limestone Alps. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. AD - Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany Faculty of Forest Science and Forestry, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 3, 85354 Freising, Germany Christophel, D. 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World Meteorological OrganizationZu Leiningen, W., Über Humusablagerungen in den Kalkalpen (1909) Naturw Zeitschr Forst Landwirtsch, 7, pp. 8-32; Zu Leiningen, W., Über Humusablagerungen in den Kalkalpen (1909) Naturw Zeitschr Forst Landwirtsch, 7, pp. 160-173 PY - 2013 SN - 03781127 SP - 167-176 ST - Customary selective harvesting has considerably decreased organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in forest soils of the Bavarian Limestone Alps T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Customary selective harvesting has considerably decreased organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in forest soils of the Bavarian Limestone Alps UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84879526772&partnerID=40&md5=90bd87e394ab69bfbf1eecd9994ecf2d VL - 305 ID - 3408 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Future climate warming is expected to enhance plant growth in temperate ecosystems and to increase carbon sequestration. But although severe regional heatwaves may become more frequent in a changing climate, their impact on terrestrial carbon cycling is unclear. Here we report measurements of ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes, remotely sensed radiation absorbed by plants, and country-level crop yields taken during the European heatwave in 2003. We use a terrestrial biosphere simulation model to assess continental-scale changes in primary productivity during 2003, and their consequences for the net carbon balance. We estimate a 30 per cent reduction in gross primary productivity over Europe, which resulted in a strong anomalous net source of carbon dioxide (0.5 Pg C yr -1) to the atmosphere and reversed the effect of four years of net ecosystem carbon sequestration. Our results suggest that productivity reduction in eastern and western Europe can be explained by rainfall deficit and extreme summer heat, respectively. We also find that ecosystem respiration decreased together with gross primary productivity, rather than accelerating with the temperature rise. Model results, corroborated by historical records of crop yields, suggest that such a reduction in Europe's primary productivity is unprecedented during the last century. An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group. AD - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France Department of Forest Environment and Resources, DISAFRI, University of Tuscia, I-01100 Vitterbo, Italy Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg C4, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Centre de Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France Functional Ecology and Environmental Physics, Ephyse, INRA, F-33612 Villenave d'Ornon, France Grassland Ecosystem Research, INRA, 234 Avenue du Brézet, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63039, France Institute of Plant Sciences, ETH Zentrum LFW C56, Universitätsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zuerich, Switzerland Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Ave, de la Fac. d'Agronomie 8, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium Department of Meteorology, Institute of Hydrology and-Meteorology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany Fundacion CEAM, Parque Tecnologico de Paterna, C/ Charles Darwin, E-46980 Valencia, Spain Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO-Box 64, Finland Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Postfach 10 01 64, D-07701 Jena, Germany Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, Ecosystem Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement, 54 rue Molière, F-38402, Saint Martin d'Hères, France Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Center European Commission, TP 280, I-21020 Ispra, Italy IBIMET-CNR, Ple delle Cascine, 18, I-50144 Firenze, Italy Dream CEFE-CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier, France Biosystems Department, Risø National Laboratory, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark Centro di Ecologia Alpina, Viote del Monte Bondone, I-38040 Trento, Italy ISAFOM-CNR, Via Cavour 4-6, I-87036, Rende, Italy Ciais, Ph. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France email: philippe.ciais@cea.fr AU - Ciais, Ph AU - Reichstein, M. AU - Viovy, N. AU - Granier, A. AU - Ogée, J. AU - Allard, V. AU - Aubinet, M. AU - Buchmann, N. AU - Bernhofer, Chr AU - Carrara, A. AU - Chevallier, F. AU - De Noblet, N. AU - Friend, A. D. AU - Friedlingstein, P. AU - Grünwald, T. AU - Heinesch, B. AU - Keronen, P. AU - Knohl, A. AU - Krinner, G. AU - Loustau, D. AU - Manca, G. AU - Matteucci, G. AU - Miglietta, F. AU - Ourcival, J. M. AU - Papale, D. AU - Pilegaard, K. AU - Rambal, S. AU - Seufert, G. AU - Soussana, J. F. AU - Sanz, M. J. AU - Schulze, E. D. AU - Vesala, T. AU - Valentini, R. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/nature03972 IS - 7058 J2 - Nature KW - Carbon Carbon dioxide Ecosystems Productivity Thermal effects Carbon cycling Carbon sequestration Climate warming Climate change carbon carbon dioxide rain climate change primary production twenty first century article atmosphere biosphere carbon balance carbon cycling carbon dioxide transport carbon source crop production drought ecosystem Europe harvest heat high temperature latitude model plant priority journal productivity radiation absorption simulation summer chemistry crop disaster greenhouse effect metabolism time Atmosphere Carbon Dioxide Crops, Agricultural Ecosystem Greenhouse Effect Heat Natural Disasters Rain Time Factors LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996): 615 CODEN: NATUA Chemicals/CAS: carbon dioxide, 124-38-9, 58561-67-4; carbon, 7440-44-0; Carbon Dioxide, 124-38-9; Carbon, 7440-44-0 References: Cox, P.M., Betts, R.A., Jones, C.D., Spal, A.S., Totterdell, I.J., Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model (2000) Nature, 408, pp. 184-187; Dufresne, J.L., On the magnitude of positive feedback between future climate change and the carbon cycle (2002) Geophys. 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A Study of Six Urban Regions TI - Cities Preparing for Climate Change. A Study of Six Urban Regions UR - http://www.cleanairpartnership.org/pdf/cities_climate_change.pdf ID - 573 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Boreal forest soils function as a terrestrial net sink in the global carbon cycle. The prevailing dogma has focused on aboveground plant litter as a principal source of soil organic matter. Using 14C bomb-carbon modeling, we show that 50 to 70% of stored carbon in a chronosequence of boreal forested islands derives from roots and root-associated microorganisms. Fungal biomarkers indicate impaired degradation and preservation of fungal residues in late successional forests. Furthermore, 454 pyrosequencing of molecular barcodes, in conjunction with stable isotope analyses, highlights root-associated fungi as important regulators of ecosystem carbon dynamics. Our results suggest an alternative mechanism for the accumulation of organic matter in boreal forests during succession in the long-term absence of disturbance. AD - Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology Group, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden Clemmensen, K.E. Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden email: karina.clemmensen@slu.se AU - Clemmensen, K. E. AU - Bahr, A. AU - Ovaskainen, O. AU - Dahlberg, A. AU - Ekblad, A. AU - Wallander, H. AU - Stenlid, J. AU - Finlay, R. D. AU - Wardle, D. A. AU - Lindahl, B. D. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/science.1231923 IS - 6127 J2 - Science KW - soil organic matter biological marker carbon ergosterol glucosamine aboveground biomass accumulation biomarker boreal forest carbon sequestration carbon sink chronosequence disturbance ecosystem dynamics forest soil fungus litter molecular analysis root soil microorganism stable isotope succession article carbon allocation carbon cycle carbon dynamics DNA barcoding fungal biomass glaciation nitrogen cycling nitrogen dynamics nonhuman plant litter plant root priority journal pyrosequencing RNA gene metabolism microbiology soil tree Fungi Biological Markers Carbon Cycle Carbon Radioisotopes Ergosterol Glucosamine Plant Roots Soil Trees LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996):20 CODEN: SCIEA PubMed ID: 23539604 Chemicals/CAS: carbon, 7440-44-0; ergosterol, 23637-22-1, 2418-45-3, 3992-98-1, 57-87-4; glucosamine, 3416-24-8, 4607-22-1; Biological Markers; Carbon Radioisotopes; Ergosterol, 57-87-4; Glucosamine, 3416-24-8; Soil References: Bonan, G.B., Shugart, H.H., (1989) Annu. 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VL - 41 ID - 574 ER - TY - WEB AU - Alliance, Climate M1 - 24.5.2011 PY - 2011 UR - http://www.amica-climate.net/uploads/media/green-rails_eval-prac_stuttgart.pdf ID - 575 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Climate, Change Impacts Review Group LB - clim96 PY - 1996 ST - of the potential effects of climate change in the UK T2 - Revie TI - of the potential effects of climate change in the UK ID - 576 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clugston, Rick DA - September 1, 2011 DO - 10.1177/097340821100500207 IS - 2 PY - 2011 SP - 173-176 ST - Ethical Framework for a Sustainable World: Earth Charter Plus 10 Conference and Follow Up T2 - Journal of Education for Sustainable Development TI - Ethical Framework for a Sustainable World: Earth Charter Plus 10 Conference and Follow Up UR - http://jsd.sagepub.com/content/5/2/173.short VL - 5 ID - 3514 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A technique for measuring hydraulic conductances of excised xylem segments exposed to high negative pressures is described. A centrifugal force is used to generate negative pressures (P) in the sample and to create a positive hydrostatic pressure difference (ΔP) between its two ends. δP forces water through the sample at a flow rate (F) determined optically during centrifugation. The sample hydraulic conductance k is derived from F and ΔP. The sample vulnerability curve is given by the dependence of k on P. Results for Cedrus atlantica Manetti and Laurus nobilis L. shoots are given. The technique is appropriate for the analysis of xylem refilling under negative pressure. AD - UMR PIAF, INRA-Université Blaise Pascal, site de Crouelle, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Cochard, H. UMR PIAF, INRA-Université Blaise Pascal, site de Crouelle, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France email: cochard@clermont.inra.fr AU - Cochard, H. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00863.x IS - 6 J2 - Plant Cell Environ. KW - Cavitation Centrifugation Embolism Laurus nobilis L. Water relations hydraulic conductivity measurement method water relations xylem Cedrus Cedrus atlantica Laurus Laurus nobilis LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996): 37 CODEN: PLCED References: Alder, N.N., Pockman, W.T., Sperry, J.S., Nuismer, S., Use of centrifugal force in the study of xylem cavitation (1997) Journal of Experimental Botany, 48, pp. 665-674; Canny, M.J., Transporting water in plants (1998) American Scientist, 86, pp. 152-159; Cochard, H., Vulnerability of several conifers to air embolism (1992) Tree Physiology, 11, pp. 73-83; Cochard, H., Améglio, T., Cruiziat, P., Vessel content debate revisited (2001) Trends in Plant Science, 6, p. 13; Cochard, H., Améglio, T., Cruiziat, P., The cohesion theory debate continues (2001) Trends in Plant Science, 6, p. 457; Cochard, H., Bodet, C., Améglio, T., Cruiziat, P., Cryoscanning electron microscopy observations of vessel content during transpiration in walnut petioles. Facts or artifacts? (2000) Plant Physiology, 124, pp. 1191-1202; Cochard, H., Coll, L., Leroux, X., Améglio, T., Unravelling the effects of plant hydraulics on stomatal closure during water stress in walnut (2002) Plant Physiology, 128, pp. 282-290; Cochard, H., Cruiziat, P., Tyree, M.T., Use of positive pressures to establish vulnerability curves. Further support for the air-seeding hypothesis and implications for pressure-volume analysis (1992) Plant Physiology, 100, pp. 205-209; Cruiziat, P., Cochard, H., Améglio, T., The hydraulic architecture of trees: An introduction (2002) Annals of Forest Sciences, , in press; Holbrook, N.M., Zwieniecki, M.A., Embolism repair and xylem tension. Do we need a miracle? (1999) Plant Physiology, 120, pp. 7-10; Martre, P., Cochard, H., Durand, J.L., Hydraulic architecture and water flows in a growing grass tiller (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (2001) Plant, Cell and Environment, 24, pp. 65-76; Pockman, W.T., Sperry, J.S., Oleary, J.W., Sustained and significant negative water pressure in xylem (1995) Nature, 378, pp. 715-716; Sperry, J.S., Hydraulic constraints to plant gas exchange (2000) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 104, pp. 13-23; Sperry, J.S., Donnelly, J.R., Tyree, M.T., A method for measuring hydraulic conductivity and embolism in xylem (1988) Plant, Cell and Environment, 11, pp. 35-40; Stiller, V., Sperry, J.S., Canny's compensating pressure theory fails a test (1999) American Journal of Botany, 86, pp. 1082-1086; Tyree, M.T., Dixon, M.A., Cavitation events in Thuja occidentalis L. Ultrasonic acoustic emissions from the sapwood can be measured (1983) Plant Physiology, 72, pp. 1094-1099; Tyree, M.T., Salleo, S., Nardini, A., Lo Gullo, M.A., Mosca, R., Refilling of embolized vessels in young stems of laurel. Do we need a new paradigm? (1999) Plant Physiology, 120, pp. 11-21; Tyree, M.T., Sperry, J.S., Vulnerability of xylem to cavitation and embolism (1989) Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 40, pp. 19-38 PY - 2002 SN - 01407791 SP - 815-819 ST - A technique for measuring xylem hydraulic conductance under high negative pressures T2 - Plant, Cell and Environment TI - A technique for measuring xylem hydraulic conductance under high negative pressures UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036098520&partnerID=40&md5=fa4a1a954f78433225637b6125391e0b VL - 25 ID - 577 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cochard, H. AU - Bréda, N. AU - Granier, A. IS - 2-3 PY - 1996 SP - 197-206 ST - Whole tree hydraulic conductance and water loss regulation in Quercus during drought: evidence for stomatal control of embolism? T2 - Ann. For. Sci. TI - Whole tree hydraulic conductance and water loss regulation in Quercus during drought: evidence for stomatal control of embolism? UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19960203 VL - 53 ID - 578 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cochard, H. AU - Bréda, N. AU - Granier, A. AU - Aussenac, G. IS - 3 PY - 1992 SP - 225-233 ST - Vulnerability to air embolism of three European oak species (Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl, Q pubescens Willd, Q robur L) T2 - Ann. For. Sci. TI - Vulnerability to air embolism of three European oak species (Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl, Q pubescens Willd, Q robur L) UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19920302 VL - 49 ID - 579 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We assessed the effects of irradiance received during growth on the vulnerability of Fagus sylvatica L. xylem vessels to water-stress-induced embolism. The measurements were conducted on (1) potted saplings acclimated for 2 years under 100% and 12% incident global radiation and (2) branches collected from sun-exposed and shaded sides of adult trees. Both experiments yielded similar results. Light-acclimated shoots were less vulnerable to embolism. Xylem water potential levels producing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity were lower in sun-exposed branches and seedlings than in shade-grown ones (-3.0 versus -2.3 MPa on average). The differences in vulnerability were not correlated with differences in xylem hydraulic conductivity nor vessel diameter. Resistance to cavitation was correlated with transpiration rates, midday xylem and leaf water potentials in adult trees. We concluded that vulnerability to cavitation in Fagus sylvatica may acclimate to contrasting ambient light conditions. AD - INRA, U. d'Ecophysiologie Forestiere, 54280 Champenoux, France INRA-PIAF, Domaine de Crouël, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Cochard, H. INRA-PIAF, Domaine de Crouel, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France email: cochard@nancy.inra.fr AU - Cochard, H. AU - Lemoine, D. AU - Dreyer, E. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00367.x IS - 1 J2 - Plant Cell Environ. KW - Acclimation Cavitation Fagaceae Fagus sylvatica Hydraulic conductivity Light Water relations LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996): 85 CODEN: PLCED References: Alder, N.N., Sperry, J.S., Pockman, W.T., Root and stem xylem embolism, stomatal conductance, and leaf turgor in Acer grandidentatum populations along a soil moisture gradient (1996) Oecologia, 105, pp. 293-301; Aussenac, G., Ducrey, M., Etude bioclimatique d'une futaie feuillue (Fagus sylvatica L. et Quercus sessiliflora Salish.) de l'est de la France. 1. Analyse des profiles microclimatiques et des caractéristiques anatomiques et morphologiques de l'appareil foliaire (1977) Annales des Sciences Forestières, 34, pp. 265-284; Borghetti, M., Leonardi, S., Raschi, A., Snyderman, D., Tognetti, R., Ecotypic variation of xylem embolism, phenological traits, growth parameters and allozyme characteristics in Fagus sylvatica (1993) Functional Ecology, 7, pp. 713-720; Cochard, H., Vulnerability of several conifers to air embolism (1992) Tree Physiology, 11, pp. 73-83; Cochard, H., Bréda, N., Granier, A., Whole tree hydraulic conductance and water loss regulation: Evidence for stomatal control of embolism? (1996) Annales des Sciences Forestières, 53, pp. 197-206; Cochard, H., Ridolfi, M., Dreyer, E., Responses to water stress in an ABA-unresponsive hybrid poplar. 2. Hydraulic properties and xylem embolism (1996) New Phytologist, 134, pp. 455-461; Cochard, H., Cruiziat, P., Tyree, M.T., Use of positive pressures to establish vulnerability curves further support for the air-seeding hypothesis and implications for pressure-volume analysis (1992) Plant Physiology, 100, pp. 205-209; Cochard, H., Bréda, N., Granier, A., Aussenac, G., Vulnerability to air embolism of three European oak species (Quercus petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. robur) (1991) Annales des Sciences Forestières, 49, pp. 225-233; Cochard, H., Peiffer, M., Le Gall, M., Granier, A., Developmental control of xylem hydraulic resistances and vulnerability to embolism in Fraxinus excelsior L. impacts on water relations (1997) Journal of Experimental Botany, 48, pp. 655-663; Hacke, U., Sauter, J.J., Vulnerability of xylem to embolism in relation to leaf water potential and stomatal conductance in Fagus sylvatica f. purpurea and Populus balsamifera (1995) Journal of Experimental Botany, 46, pp. 1177-1183; Jackson, G.E., Irvine, J., Grace, J., Xylem cavitation in two mature Scots pine forests growing in a wet and a dry area of Britain (1995) Plant, Cell and Environment, 18, pp. 1411-1418; Jarbeau, J.A., Ewers, F.W., Davis, S.D., The mechanism of water-stress-induced embolism in two species of chaparral shrubs (1995) Plant, Cell and Environment, 18, pp. 189-196; Jones, H.G., Sutherland, R.A., Stomatal control of xylem embolism (1991) Plant, Cell and Environment, 14, pp. 607-612; Kaufmann, M.R., Ecophysiological processes affecting tree growth: Water relationships (1990) Process Modelling of Forest Growth, pp. 64-76. , ed. R. Dixon. Timber Press. Portland; Lipp, C.C., Nilsen, E.T., The impact of subcanopy light environment on the hydraulic vulnerability of Rhododendron maximum to freeze-thaw cycles and drought (1997) Plant, Cell and Environment, 20, pp. 1264-1272; Lu, P., Biron, P., Granier, A., Cochard, H., Water relations of adult Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst) under soil drought in the Vosges mountains: Whole-tree hydraulic conductance, xylem embolism and water loss regulation (1996) Annales des Sciences Forestières, 53, pp. 113-121; Neufeld, H.S., Grantz, D.A., Meinzer, F.C., Goldstein, G., Crisosto, G.M., Crisosto, C., Genotypic variability in vulnerability of leaf xylem to cavitation in water-stressed and well-irrigated sugarcane (1992) Plant Physiology, 100, pp. 1020-1028; Ritchie, G.A., Evidence for red: Far red signaling and photomorphogenic growth response in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings (1997) Tree Physiology, 17, pp. 161-168; Schultz, H.R., Matthews, M.A., Xylem development and hydraulic conductance in sun and shade shoots of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L) - Evidence that low light uncouples water transport capacity from leaf area (1993) Planta, 190, pp. 393-406; Sperry, J.S., Saliendra, N.Z., Intra- and inter-plant variation in xylem cavitation in Betula occidentalis (1994) Plant, Cell and Environment, 17, pp. 1233-1241; Sperry, J.S., Tyree, M.T., Mechanism of water stress-induced xylem embolism (1988) Plant Physiology, 88, pp. 581-587; Sperry, J.S., Donnelly, J.R., Tyree, M.T., A method for measuring hydraulic conductivity and embolism in xylem (1988) Plant, Cell and Environment, 11, pp. 35-40; Sperry, J.S., Tyree, M.T., Donnelly, J.R., Vulnerability of xylem to embolism in a mangrove vs an inland species of Rhizophoraceae (1988) Plant Physiology, 74, pp. 276-283; Tognetti, R., Michelozzi, M., Borghetti, M., Response to light of shade-grown beech seedlings subjected to different watering regimes (1994) Tree Physiology, 14, pp. 751-758; Tyree, M.T., Cheung, Y.N.S., Resistance to water flow in Fagus grandifolia leaves (1977) Canadian Journal of Botany, 55, pp. 2591-2599; Tyree, M.T., Dixon, M.A., Cavitation events in Thuja occidentalis L.? Ultrasonic acoustic emissions from the sapwood can be measured (1983) Plant Physiology, 72, pp. 1094-1099; Tyree, M.T., Ewers, F.W., The hydraulic architecture of trees and other woody plants (1991) New Phytologist, 119, pp. 345-360; Tyree, M.T., Sperry, J.S., Do woody plants operate near the point of catastrophic xylem dysfunction caused by dynamic water stress? Answers from a model (1988) Plant Physiology, 88, pp. 574-580; Tyree, M.T., Davis, S.D., Cochard, H., Biophysical perspectives of xylem evolution: Is there a tradeoff of hydraulic efficiency for vulnerability to dysfunction (1994) IAWA Journal, 15, pp. 335-360; Tyree, M.T., Cochard, H., Cruiziat, P., Sinclair, B., Ameglio, T., Drought-induced leaf shedding in walnut - Evidence for vulnerability segmentation (1993) Plant, Cell and Environment, 16, pp. 879-882; Tyree, M.T., Sinclair, B., Lu, P., Granier, A., Whole shoot hydraulic resistance in Quercus species measured with a new high-pressure flowmeter (1993) Annales des Sciences Forestières, 50, pp. 417-423 PY - 1999 SN - 01407791 SP - 101-108 ST - The effects of acclimation to sunlight on the xylem vulnerability to embolism in Fagus sylvatica L T2 - Plant, Cell and Environment TI - The effects of acclimation to sunlight on the xylem vulnerability to embolism in Fagus sylvatica L UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032989301&partnerID=40&md5=16e7751c6f5f08c5e409bb8d80ad02a9 VL - 22 ID - 580 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Hydraulic properties of xylem in seven species of conifer were studied during late winter and early spring 1991. Vulnerability to cavitation and air embolism was investigated using hydraulic conductivity and acoustic techniques. Embolisms were induced in branches excised from mature trees by air-drying them in the laboratory. Both techniques gave comparable results indicating that they both assess the same phenomenon. Within a tree, vulnerability was related to the permeability of the xylem, the largest stems tended to cavitate before the smallest ones when water deficits developed in a branch. Interspecific comparisons showed large differences in the xylem water potential needed to induce significant embolism, values ranged from –2.5 MPa in Pinus sylvestris to –4 MPa in Cedrus atlantica, but these differences did not correlate with differences in the xylem permeability of the species. The vulnerability of a species to air embolism was found to be consistent with its ecophysiological behavior in the presence of water stress, drought-tolerant species being less vulnerable than drought-avoiding species. AU - Cochard, Hervé DA - July 1, 1992 DO - 10.1093/treephys/11.1.73 IS - 1 PY - 1992 SP - 73-83 ST - Vulnerability of several conifers to air embolism T2 - Tree Physiology TI - Vulnerability of several conifers to air embolism UR - http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/1/73.abstract VL - 11 ID - 581 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cohen AU - Allsopp LB - cohen1988 PY - 1988 SP - 669 - 681 ST - The potential impact of a scenario of CO2 induced climatic change on Ontario, Canada T2 - J. Climate TI - The potential impact of a scenario of CO2 induced climatic change on Ontario, Canada VL - 1 ID - 582 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cohen AU - Allsopp LB - cohen1988 PY - 1988 SP - 669 - 681 ST - The potential impact of a scenario of CO2 induced climatic change on Ontario, Canada T2 - J. Climate TI - The potential impact of a scenario of CO2 induced climatic change on Ontario, Canada VL - 1 ID - 583 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Colacino, M. AU - Conte, M. LB - colacino1995 N1 - StClB-Lit PY - 1995 SP - 295-304 ST - Heat waves in the Central Mediterranean T2 - A synoptic climatology. Il Nuovo Cimento C TI - Heat waves in the Central Mediterranean VL - 18 ID - 584 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Collier, K. AU - J AU - B AU - Smith, J. LB - coll00 PY - 2000 SP - 275-284 ST - Interactions of Adult Stoneflies (Plecoptera) with Riparian Zones I T2 - Effects of Air Temperature and Humidity on Longevity. Aquatic Insects TI - Interactions of Adult Stoneflies (Plecoptera) with Riparian Zones I VL - Vo ID - 585 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Collier, K. AU - J. AU - B. AU - Smith, J. LB - coll00 PY - 2000 SP - 275-284 ST - Interactions of Adult Stoneflies (Plecoptera) with Riparian Zones I T2 - Effects of Air Temperature and Humidity on Longevity. Aquatic Insects TI - Interactions of Adult Stoneflies (Plecoptera) with Riparian Zones I VL - Vo ID - 586 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Compagnucci, R. H. AU - Salles, M. A. LB - compagnucci1997 PY - 1997 SP - 635-653 ST - Surface pressure patterns during the year over southern South America T2 - Int. J. Climatol. TI - Surface pressure patterns during the year over southern South America VL - 17 ID - 587 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Production and consumption processes in soils contribute to the global cycles of many trace gases (CH4, CO, OCS, H2, N2O, and NO) that are relevant for atmospheric chemistry and climate. Soil microbial processes contribute substantially to the budgets of atmospheric trace gases. The flux of trace gases between soil and atmosphere is usually the result of simultaneously operating production and consumption processes in soil: The relevant processes are not yet proven with absolute certainty, but the following are likely for trace gas consumption: H2 oxidation by abiontic soil enzymes; CO cooxidation by the ammonium monooxygenase of nitrifying bacteria; CH4 oxidation by unknown methanotrophic bacteria that utilize CH4 for growth; OCS hydrolysis by bacteria containing carbonic anhydrase; N2O reduction to N2 by denitrifying bacteria; NO consumption by either reduction to N2O in denitrifiers or oxidation to nitrate in heterotrophic bacteria. Wetland soils, in contrast to upland soils are generally anoxic and thus support the production of trace gases (H2, CO, CH4, N2O, and NO) by anaerobic bacteria such as fermenters, methanogens, acetogens, sulfate reducers, and denitrifiers. Methane is the dominant gaseous product of anaerobic degradation of organic matter and is released into the atmosphere, whereas the other trace gases are only intermediates, which are mostly cycled within the anoxic habitat. A significant percentage of the produced methane is oxidized by methanotrophic bacteria at anoxic-oxic interfaces such as the soil surface and the root surface of aquatic plants that serve as conduits for O2 transport into and CH4 transport out of the wetland soils. The dominant production processes in upland soils are different from those in wetland soils and include H2 production by biological N2 fixation, CO production by chemical decomposition of soil organic matter, and NO and N2O production by nitrification and denitrification. The processes responsible for CH4 production in upland soils are completely unclear, as are the OCS production processes in general. A problem for future research is the attribution of trace gas metabolic processes not only to functional groups of microorganisms but also to particular taxa. Thus, it is completely unclear how important microbial diversity is for the control of trace gas flux at the ecosystem level. However, different microbial communities may be part of the reason for differences in trace gas metabolism, e.g., effects of nitrogen fertilizers on CH4 uptake by soil; decrease of CH4 production with decreasing temperature; or different rates and modes of NO and N2O production in different soils and under different conditions. 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AU - Días de Terán, J. AU - Dikau, R. AU - Schrott, L. AU - Moya, J. AU - González, A. CY - Chichester PB - John Wiley & Sons Ltd PY - 1996 SP - 161-180 ST - Debris Flow T2 - Landslide Recognition: Identification, Movement and Courses TI - Debris Flow ID - 594 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Corradetti, A. PY - 1968 SP - 705-708 ST - Phlebotomus control in the Mediterranean and Middle East area T2 - Ann Ist Super Sanita TI - Phlebotomus control in the Mediterranean and Middle East area VL - 4 ID - 595 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Covington, W. Wallace DA - 2014/01/23 IS - 1 J2 - Ecology N1 - doi: 10.2307/1936666 0012-9658 PY - 1981 SP - 41-48 ST - Changes in Forest Floor Organic Matter and Nutrient Content Following Clear Cutting in Northern Hardwoods T2 - Ecology TI - Changes in Forest Floor Organic Matter and Nutrient Content Following Clear Cutting in Northern Hardwoods UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1936666 VL - 62 ID - 3410 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cowden, Charles C. AU - Peterson, Chris J. 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LB - cran98a N1 - Es wird ein Einzuggebiet eines Flusses in NeuEngland untersucht (35-47N, 83.75-68.75W). Es wurde ein "artificial neural net" verwendet. Eingangsgrössen waren GPA in 1000hPa und 500hPa sowie spez. Feuchte in 1000, 700, 500hPa auf Tagesbasis. Die Daten stammen vom Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) (März 1985 bis Februar 1993) mit einer Auflösung von 2x2,5 Grad. ***(wenn obiges lokaler datensatz ist dann ist nicht klar was der grobskalige input zur modellbildung ist; wenn obiges der grobsk.) cm lokale variable ist der tägliche subgitterskalige niederschlag Als Klimaänderung GCM wurde das GENESIS Model vom NCAR verwendet mit einer Auflösung von 3,75x3,75. Lokale bzw. untersuchte Variable ist der tägliche Niederschlag auf dem 2x2,5 Grad Gitter. Es zeigten sich Korrelationen von 0.5 bis 0.7. Bei einer zweifachen CO2 Konzentration zeigten sich Niederschlagserhöhungen von bis zu 50%(Mai) in den Wintermonaten deutlich geringere Erhöhungen. Schwierig zu lesen, sollte bei Verwendung von neuralen Netzwerken genauer studiert werden. PY - 1998 SP - 65-76 ST - Doubled CO2 precipitation changes for the Susquehanna Basin: Down-scaling from the GENESIS general circulation model T2 - Int. J. Climatol. TI - Doubled CO2 precipitation changes for the Susquehanna Basin: Down-scaling from the GENESIS general circulation model VL - 18 ID - 597 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We examined seed source variation in drought tolerance characteristics of Pinus sylvestris seedlings from 12 diverse geographic origins representing a longitudinal transect across the species range. The seedlings were subjected to three dry-down cycles in raised water-use efficiency in a greenhouse experiment. We measured pre-dawn needle water potential (Ψn) and instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE) (W) during the cyclic droughts. Seedling survival, growth, biomass allocation to roots, and carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) were measured at the end of the experiment. The seed sources varied (P < 0.05) in biomass growth, biomass allocation to roots, and δ13C. In general, seedlings from the drier central Asian seed sources survived longer under drought than seedlings from more mesic European and coastal seed sources. Seedlings from the Asian seed sources were smaller, allocated more biomass to roots, and had higher integrative water-use efficiency (as indicated by higher Δ13C) than the seedlings from the European sources. Seed source variation in ψn and W was not significant (P > 0.05). Carbon isotope ratio was correlated with precipitation at the seed origin (r = -0.75, P < 0.05). The results of this study support the generalization that Scots pine seed sources from the interior portion of the species range grow slower but are more drought tolerant than European seed sources. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. AD - USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, National Agroforestry Center, East Campus-UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Nebraska, East Campus-UNL, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States Cregg, B.M. Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States email: cregg@msu.edu AU - Cregg, B. M. AU - Zhang, J. W. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00626-5 IS - 1-2 J2 - For. Ecol. Manage. KW - Carbon isotope ratio Drought tolerance Provenance Scots pine Biomass Carbon Drought Isotopes Morphology Physiology Seed Water-use efficiency (WUE) Plants (botany) carbon isotope ratio drought resistance morphology physiology provenance seedling Pinus Sylvestris Seedlings LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996): 26 CODEN: FECMD References: Boltz, B.A., Bongarten, B.C., Teskey, R.O., Seasonal patterns of net photosynthesis of loblolly pines from diverse origins (1986) Can. J. For. Res., 16, pp. 1063-1068; Boratynski, A., Range and natural distribution (1991) Genetics of Scots Pine, pp. 19-30. , Giertych, M., Matyas, C. (Eds.). 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Res., 20, pp. 524-535; Oleksyn, J., Inheritance of resistance to abiotic factors (1991) Genetics of Scots Pine, pp. 219-229. , Giertych, M., Matyas, C. (Eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam; Ritchie, G.A., Hinckley, T.M., The pressure chamber as an instrument for ecological research (1975) Adv. Ecol. Res., 9, pp. 165-254; Shutyaev, A.M., Giertych, M., Height growth in a comprehensive Eurasian provenance experiment of Pinus sylvestris L. (1997) Silvae Genet., 46, pp. 332-349; Teskey, R.O., Bongarten, B.C., Cregg, B.M., Dougherty, P.M., Hennessey, T.C., Physiology and genetics of tree growth in response to moisture and temperature stress: An examination of the characteristics of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) (1987) Tree Physiol., 3, pp. 41-61; Wright, J.W., Bull, W.I., Geographic variation in Scotch pine: Results of a 3-year study in Michigan (1963) Silvae Genet., 12, pp. 1-25; Wright, J.W., Pauley, S.S., Polk, R.B., Jokela, J.J., Read, R.A., Performance of Scots pine varieties in the North Central Region (1966) Silvae Genet., 15, pp. 101-110; Zhang, J.W., Cregg, B.M., Variation in stable isotope discrimination among and within exotic conifer species grown in eastern Nebraska, USA (1996) For. Ecol. Mgmt., 83, pp. 181-187; Zhang, J.W., Marshall, J.D., Variation in carbon isotope discrimination and photosynthetic gas exchange among populations of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Pinus ponderosa in different environments (1995) Funct. Ecol., 9, pp. 410-412; Zhang, J.W., Feng, Z., Cregg, B.M., Schumann, C.M., Carbon isotopic composition, gas exchange, and growth of three populations of ponderosa pine differing in drought tolerance (1997) Tree Physiol., 17, pp. 461-466 PY - 2001 SN - 03781127 SP - 131-139 ST - Physiology and morphology of Pinus sylvestris seedlings from diverse sources under cyclic drought stress T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Physiology and morphology of Pinus sylvestris seedlings from diverse sources under cyclic drought stress UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035889432&partnerID=40&md5=ff936b4e5a0eec5e4740b19db751edb7 VL - 154 ID - 598 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Cressie, N. A. C. ET - revised LB - cressie1993 N1 - bodo PB - John Wiley & Sons, New York PY - 1993 ST - Statistics for Spatial Data TI - Statistics for Spatial Data ID - 599 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Creutin, J. AU - Obled, C. LB - creu82ab N1 - bodo-precip analysis PY - 1982 SP - 413-431 ST - Objective Analyses and mapping Techniques for Rainfall Fields: An Objective Comparison T2 - WRR TI - Objective Analyses and mapping Techniques for Rainfall Fields: An Objective Comparison VL - 18 ID - 600 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Crichton, D. CY - London LB - crichton2003 PB - Benfiled Greig Hazard Research Centre PY - 2003 SN - 1 ST - Flood Risk and Insurance in England&Wales: Are There Lessons to Be Learned from Scotland? TI - Flood Risk and Insurance in England&Wales: Are There Lessons to Be Learned from Scotland? ID - 601 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crick, . AU - et al. LB - cric97 PY - 1997 SP - 388-526 ST - UK birds are laying eggs earlier T2 - Nature TI - UK birds are laying eggs earlier ID - 602 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crick, H. Q. P. AU - Sparks AU - H, T. LB - cric99 PY - 1999 SP - 423-424 ST - Climate change related to egg-laying trends T2 - Nature TI - Climate change related to egg-laying trends VL - 39 ID - 603 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crick, H. Q. P. AU - Sparks AU - H., T. LB - cric99 PY - 1999 SP - 423-424 ST - Climate change related to egg-laying trends T2 - Nature TI - Climate change related to egg-laying trends VL - 39 ID - 604 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crick AU - et al. LB - cric97 PY - 1997 SP - 388-526 ST - UK birds are laying eggs earlier T2 - Nature TI - UK birds are laying eggs earlier ID - 605 ER - TY - JOUR AU - CRITCHLEY, B. R. IS - 4 PY - 1998 SP - 271-287 ST - Literature review of sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hemiptera, Scutelleridae) T2 - Crop Protection TI - Literature review of sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hemiptera, Scutelleridae) VL - 17 ID - 606 ER - TY - RPRT AU - CROMPTON, T. AU - BREWER, J. AU - CHILTON AU - KASSER, T. CY - Report published in partnership by: WWF, Friends of Earth, Oxfam, Climate outreach and information campaign, Campaign to Protect Rural England N1 - http://assets.wwf.org.uk/downloads/common_cause_report.pdf PY - 2010 RP - http://assets.wwf.org.uk/downloads/common_cause_report.pdf ST - Common Cause – The case for Working with our Cultural Values TI - Common Cause – The case for Working with our Cultural Values ID - 3515 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A site manipulation experiment was conducted to test the effects of liming, drought, fertilization, sawdust amendment, and root trenching on water-soluble humic substances in the O horizon of a mature red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stand in Maine. Concentrations of water-extractable dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the sawdust and root trenching treatments were approximately twice as high as DOC in the untreated controls and other treatments. Mean carboxyl group contents of DOC ranged from 4.8 to 6.3 mol/kg C among treatments and controls. Control and drought treatments contained the highest carboxyl contents, whereas the sawdust and fertilizer treatments had the lowest carboxyl densities. Synchronous scan fluorescence spectra for the water extracts contained major peaks at 350, 395, and 470 nm, and these peaks were similar to those obtained for reference humic and fulvic acid standards, as well as selected aromatic model compounds. Overall, the fertilizer treatment produced a 20% decrease, the root trenching generated a 70% increase, and the sawdust treatment yielded a 120% increase in the release of organic acid ligands as compared with the control plots. The twofold range of variation in DOC and organic acidity associated with different substrate conditions in this experiment was considerably smaller than the tenfold range of variation reported in the literature for sites from diverse geographic locations. This suggests that the quantitative fluxes of DOC and organic acidity from forest soil O horizons are determined by the interactive effects of substrate conditions, climate, and other local site factors. AD - Dep. of Plant Biology and Pathology, 202 Deering Hall, Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States Cronan, C.S. Dep. of Plant Biology and Pathology, 202 Deering Hall, Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States AU - Cronan, C. S. AU - Lakshman, S. AU - Patterson, H. H. DB - Scopus IS - 3 J2 - J. ENVIRON. QUAL. KW - fertilizer organic carbon organic matter unclassified drug acidification article forest humic substance soil Pinus resinosa LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996):41 CODEN: JEVQA PY - 1992 SN - 00472425 SP - 457-463 ST - Effects of disturbance and soil amendments on dissolved organic carbon and organic acidity in red pine forest floors T2 - Journal of Environmental Quality TI - Effects of disturbance and soil amendments on dissolved organic carbon and organic acidity in red pine forest floors UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0026649145&partnerID=40&md5=99bc9ad5ba6886449c2a24b2f5adf2ae VL - 21 ID - 3412 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crosby, A. W. LB - cros86 PY - 1986 SP - 368 ST - Ecological Imperialism: the biological expansion of Europe, 900-1900 T2 - Cambridge University Press TI - Ecological Imperialism: the biological expansion of Europe, 900-1900 ID - 607 ER - TY - GEN AU - Croson, D. AU - Kunreuther, H. LB - croson1999 N1 - Paper presented at Conference on Global Change and Catastrophic Risk Management PY - 1999 ST - Customizing Reinsurance and Cat Bonds for Natural Hazard Risks TI - Customizing Reinsurance and Cat Bonds for Natural Hazard Risks ID - 608 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Crowley, Thomas J. AU - North, Gerald H. CY - New York LB - crow91a PB - Oxford University Press, Inc. PY - 1991 SP - 339 ST - Paleoclimatology T2 - OXFORD MONOGRAPHS ON GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS, Nr. 18 TI - Paleoclimatology ID - 609 ER - TY - BOOK AU - CRÜGER, G. CY - Stuttgart ET - 3. Aufl. PB - Verl. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co PY - 1991 ST - Pflanzenschutz im Gemüsebau TI - Pflanzenschutz im Gemüsebau ID - 610 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Since about twenty years, hydraulic architecture (h.a.) is, doubtless, the major trend in the domain of plants (and especially trees) water relations. This review encompasses the main concepts and results concerning the hydraulic of architecture of trees. After a short paragraph about the definition of the h.a., the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the h.a. are presented. This is an occasion to discuss the pipe model from the h.a. point of view. The second part starts with the central concept of embolism and give a review of important experimental results and questions concerning summer and winter embolism. The last part deals with the coupling between hydraulic and stomatal conductances. It discusses the theoretical and experimental relationships between transpiration and leaf water potential during a progressive soil drought, the increase of soil-root resistance and its consequences in term of xylem vulnerability, the factors controlling the daily maximum transpiration and how stomates can prevent "run away embolism". In conclusion different kinds of unsolved questions of h.a., which can be a matter of future investigations, are presented in addition with a classification of trees behaviour under drought conditions. To end, an appendix recalls the notions of water potential, pressure and tension. AD - U.M.R. PIAF, INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, 234 av. du Brezet, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 2, France Cruiziat, P. U.M.R. PIAF, INRA, Université Blaise Pascal, 234 av. du Brezet, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 2, France email: cruiziat@clermont.inra.fr AU - Cruiziat, P. AU - Cochard, H. AU - Améglio, T. DB - Scopus IS - 7 J2 - Ann. Forest Sci. KW - Cohesion-tension theory Drought resistance Hydraulic architecture Summer embolism Winter embolism hydraulic conductivity plant stomatal conductance water relations LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996): 97 CODEN: AFOSF References: Améglio, T., Morizet, J., Cruiziat, P., Martignac, M., The effects of root temperature on water flux, potential and root resistance in sunflower (1990) Agronomie, 10, pp. 331-340; Améglio, T., Cruiziat, P., Alternance tension/pression de la sève dans le xylème chez le noyer pendant l'hiver: Rôle des températures (1992) C. R. 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DA - 2011/11/11 DO - doi 10.1146/annurev.ea.07.050179.002303 10.1146/annurev.ea.07.050179.002303 IS - 1 N1 - doi: 10.1146/annurev.ea.07.050179.002303 PY - 1979 SN - 0084-6597 SP - 443-472 ST - The Role of NO and NO2 in the Chemistry of the Troposphere and Stratosphere T2 - Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences TI - The Role of NO and NO2 in the Chemistry of the Troposphere and Stratosphere UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.07.050179.002303 VL - 7 ID - 612 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Currie, D. J. PY - 1991 SP - 27-49 ST - Energy and large-scale patterns of animal- and plant-species richness T2 - American Naturalist TI - Energy and large-scale patterns of animal- and plant-species richness VL - 137 ID - 613 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We compared simulated time series of nitrogen-15 (15 N) redistribution following a large-scale labeling experiment against field recoveries of 15 NH4 + and 15 NO3 - in vegetation tissues. We sought to gain insight into the altered modes of N cycling under long-term, experimentally elevated N inputs. The study took place in two contrasting forests: a red pine stand and a mixed deciduous stand (predominantly oak) at the Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, USA. We used TRACE, a dynamic simulation model of ecosystem biogeochemistry that includes ${}^{15}{\rm N}/{}^{14}{\rm N}$ ratios in N pools and fluxes. We simulated input-output and internal fluxes of N, tracing the labeled cohorts of N inputs through ecosystem pools for one decade. Trace simulated the peaks and timing of 15 N recovery in foliage well, providing a key link between modeling and field studies. Recovery of tracers in fine roots was captured less well. The model was structured to provide rapid, initial sinks for 15 NO3 - and 15 NH4 + in both forests, as indicated by field data. In simulations, N in litter turned over rapidly, even as humus provided a long-term sink for rapidly cycling N. This sink was greater in the oak forest. Plant uptake fluxes of N in these fertilized plots were on the same order of magnitude as net assimilation fluxes in forest-floor humus. A striking result was the small rate of incorporation of N in humus resulting from the transfer of litter material to humus, compared with large fluxes of N into humus and its associated microorganisms through direct transfers from pools of inorganic N in soils. AU - Currie, W.S. AU - Nadelhoffer, K.J. PY - 1999 SP - 4-18 ST - Dynamic redistribution of isotopically labeled cohorts of nitrogen inputs in two temperate forests T2 - Ecosystems TI - Dynamic redistribution of isotopically labeled cohorts of nitrogen inputs in two temperate forests VL - 2 ID - 614 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Controlled field experiments to study the effects of heightened atmospheric inputs of nitrogen (N) to forests typically demonstrate that most N enters nonextractable pools in soil, while some N is taken up by vegetation, and varying amounts are exported. In a few experimental manipulations of N inputs to forests, 15N has been added as a tracer to more closely study the fates and redistributions of NH4 1 and NO3 2 at the ecosystem level. We developed TRACE, a biogeochemical process model based on previous models, to interpret ecosystem-level 15N field data following applications of 15N-enriched NO3 2 or NH4 1 at the Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, USA. We simulated the forms, masses, atom%, and timing of 15N applications in ambient and chronically fertilized plots over two growing seasons in coniferous and deciduous forest stands. Incorporating principles of stable-isotope redistributions, such as mass balance and pool dilution, into the process model provided a strong means of comparing alternative model formulations against field data. TRACE explicitly illustrated the manner in which rates of gross N turnover in soils could be high enough to provide strong sinks for 15N in ambient plots, while limited enough to allow much greater uptake of 15N by vegetation in fertilized plots. Ectorganic horizons, including litter and humified matter, were key in retaining 15N inputs. We found that fine root uptake and turnover could not account for the rapid movement of 15N into soil pools; direct assimilation into soil pools was required for both NH4 1 and NO3 2 in both deciduous and coniferous forests. Such high rates of N assimilation could not be accounted for by microbial biomass production using detrital C as the substrate. These findings have farranging implications for understanding the reciprocal effects of N deposition on forest C budgets, and forest C cycling on ecosystem N retention AU - Currie, W.S. AU - Nadelhoffer, K.J. AU - Aber, J.D. KW - acid deposition biogeochemistry decomposition forest floor humus isotope tracers leaching litterfall mineralization N retention and saturation nitrification nutrient uptake, model PY - 1999 SP - 87-102 ST - Soil detrital processes controlling the movement of 15N tracers to forest vegetation T2 - Ecological Applications TI - Soil detrital processes controlling the movement of 15N tracers to forest vegetation VL - 9 ID - 615 ER - TY - JOUR AU - D, P. J. Yoo AU - Jaeger, S. LB - d02 PY - 2002 SP - 435-445 ST - Changing Seasons: An Effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation? T2 - Journal of Climate TI - Changing Seasons: An Effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation? VL - 15 ID - 616 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Cover crops alter many aspects of the hydrologic cycle. They increase evapotranspiration while growing and can enhance water infiltration into soil, slow runoff rates, and reduce soil erosion in both conventional-till and no-till systems throughout the year. However, the difference between the results of plot and watershed studies demonstrate that caution should be taken in extrapolating plot data to watershed scales. As scale increases, so does the influence of hydraulically-controlling subsurface soil horizons. Unfortunately, most of the available cover crop research comes from relatively small plats and very few watershed studies have been initiated in recent years. Perennial cover crops offer the potential for altering the porosity of subsurface soil horizons so as to increase future soil productivity and reduce future runoff amounts and rates. AU - Dabney, Seth M. IS - 3 PY - 1998 SP - 207-213 ST - Cover crop impacts on watershed hydrology T2 - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation TI - Cover crop impacts on watershed hydrology UR - http://www.jswconline.org/content/53/3/207.abstract VL - 53 ID - 3339 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Dachs, H. et al. (Hrsg.) CY - Wien PB - Manz Verlag PY - 2006 SE - 1076 ST - Politik in Österreich. Das Handbuch TI - Politik in Österreich. Das Handbuch ID - 617 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Daehler, C. C. LB - daeh01 PY - 2001 SP - 101-102 ST - Two ways to be an invader, but one is more suitable for ecology T2 - Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America TI - Two ways to be an invader, but one is more suitable for ecology VL - 82 ID - 618 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In a world faced with accelerating climate change, economic instability and resource limits, it is urgent to find better indicators of progress towards sustainability. The available indicators mostly succeed at measuring unsustainable trends that can be targeted by management action, but fall short of defining or ensuring sustainability. A recent review of environmental assessment and reporting at the national level for the United Nations Environment Programme shows about half of reporting countries to be using indicators and provides some lessons learned. However indicators at the national level are not sufficient. The challenges ahead include finding indicators of change in dynamic systems, establishing sustainability targets towards which national progress can be measured, developing global level indicators of planetary sustainability, and providing individuals with indicators reflecting their own progress and providing positive incentives for further efforts. Finally, since achieving sustainability is fundamentally an ethical challenge, a new set of values-based indicators is required to measure and motivate the implementation of ethical principles necessary to guide the transition towards sustainability. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. AD - International Environment Forum, 12B Chemin de Maisonneuve, CH-1219 Chatelaine, Geneva, Switzerland Dahl, A.L. International Environment Forum, 12B Chemin de Maisonneuve, CH-1219 Chatelaine, Geneva, Switzerland email: dahla@bluewin.ch AU - Dahl, A. L. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.04.032 J2 - Ecol. Indic. 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PY - 1996 SP - 1-186 ST - Gletscher-, Landschafts- und Klimaentwicklung in der Rieserfernergruppe (Tirol) seit dem Spätglazial T2 - Göttinger Geographische Abhandlungen TI - Gletscher-, Landschafts- und Klimaentwicklung in der Rieserfernergruppe (Tirol) seit dem Spätglazial VL - 104 ID - 620 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DAMM, B. PY - 1998 SP - 141-159 ST - Der Ablauf des Gletscherrückzuges in der Rieserfernergruppe (Tirol) im Anschluss an den Hochstand um 1850 T2 - Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie TI - Der Ablauf des Gletscherrückzuges in der Rieserfernergruppe (Tirol) im Anschluss an den Hochstand um 1850 VL - 34 ID - 621 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DAMM, B. PY - 1999 SP - 49-55 ST - L' evolutione dei ghiacciai, del paesaggio e del clima nei Monti di Tures (Alto Adige) dal Tardiglaciale T2 - Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria TI - L' evolutione dei ghiacciai, del paesaggio e del clima nei Monti di Tures (Alto Adige) dal Tardiglaciale VL - 22 ID - 622 ER - TY - UNPB AU - DAMM, B. PB - Universität Göttingen PY - 2005 SP - 8 ST - Murereignisse am Klammbach im Antholzertal im Juli/August 2005. Ergebnisse der Feldbegehungen und Messungen TI - Murereignisse am Klammbach im Antholzertal im Juli/August 2005. Ergebnisse der Feldbegehungen und Messungen ID - 623 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DAMM, B. PY - 2006 SP - 87-99 ST - Late Quaternary glacier advances in the upper catchment area of the Indus River (Ladakh and Western Tibet) T2 - Quaternary International TI - Late Quaternary glacier advances in the upper catchment area of the Indus River (Ladakh and Western Tibet) VL - 154-155 ID - 624 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DAMM, B., BORK, H.-R. & B. TERHORST, EDS. ST - Quaternary landscape evolution and morphodynamics of terrestrial ecosystems T2 - Quaternary International TI - Quaternary landscape evolution and morphodynamics of terrestrial ecosystems ID - 625 ER - TY - GEN AU - DAMM, B. AU - FELDERER, A. PY - 2008 SP - 29-32 ST - Identifikation und Abschätzung von Murprozessen als Folge von Gletscherrückgang und Permafrostdegradation im Naturpark Rieserferner-Ahrn (Südtirol) T2 - Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt TI - Identifikation und Abschätzung von Murprozessen als Folge von Gletscherrückgang und Permafrostdegradation im Naturpark Rieserferner-Ahrn (Südtirol) VL - 62 ID - 626 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DAMM, B. AU - FELDERER, A. PY - 2009 ST - Climate Change and natural hazards - debris flow hazards derived from warming of the cryosphere in the southern Eastern Alps (Italy) T2 - Quaternary Science Journal TI - Climate Change and natural hazards - debris flow hazards derived from warming of the cryosphere in the southern Eastern Alps (Italy) ID - 627 ER - TY - GEN AU - DAMM, B. AU - LANGER, M. PY - 2006 SP - 295-314 ST - Kartierung und Regionalisierung von Permafrostindikatoren im Rieserfernergebiet (Südtirol/Osttirol) T2 - Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft TI - Kartierung und Regionalisierung von Permafrostindikatoren im Rieserfernergebiet (Südtirol/Osttirol) ID - 628 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Damoser, J. Hofer E. PY - 1995 SP - 137-141 ST - Brucella suis Biovar 2-Infektionen beim Feldhasen T2 - Z. Jagdwiss. TI - Brucella suis Biovar 2-Infektionen beim Feldhasen VL - 41 ID - 629 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Damoser, J., Hofer, E. PY - 1995 SP - 137-141 ST - Brucella suis Biovar 2-Infektionen beim Feldhasen T2 - Z. Jagdwiss. TI - Brucella suis Biovar 2-Infektionen beim Feldhasen VL - 41 ID - 630 ER - TY - THES AU - Damyanovic, Doris. CY - Guthmann Peterson Verlag, Wien PB - Dissertation an der Universität für Bodenkultur Wien PY - 2007 ST - Landschaftsplanung als Qualitätssicherung zur Umsetzung der Strategie des Gender Mainstreaming TI - Landschaftsplanung als Qualitätssicherung zur Umsetzung der Strategie des Gender Mainstreaming ID - 3622 ER - TY - JOUR AB - • This study aims to link three-dimensional coarse root architecture to tree stability in mature timber trees with an average of 1-m rooting depth. • Undamaged and uprooted trees were sampled in a stand damaged by a storm. Root architecture was measured by three-dimensional (3-D) digitizing. The distribution of root volume by root type and in wind-oriented sectors was analysed. • Mature Pinus pinaster root systems were organized in a rigid 'cage' composed of a taproot, the zone of rapid taper of horizontal surface roots and numerous sinkers and deep roots, imprisoning a large mass of soil and guyed by long horizontal surface roots. Key compartments for stability exhibited strong selective leeward or windward reinforcement. Uprooted trees showed a lower cage volume, a larger proportion of oblique and intermediate depth horizontal roots and less wind-oriented root reinforcement. • Pinus pinaster stability on moderately deep soils is optimized through a typical rooting pattern and a considerable structural adaptation to the prevailing wind and soil profile. © New Phytologist (2005). AD - INRA - Bordeaux, EPHYSE, 69, route d'Arcachon, F-33612 Gazinet Cedex, France CIRAD Departement AMIS, Laboratoire de Rhéologie du Bois de Bordeaux (UMR CNRS, INRA), Université Bordeaux I, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33612 Gazinet Cedex, France LIAMA, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PB 2728, Beijing 100080, China Danjon, F. INRA - Bordeaux, EPHYSE, 69, route d'Arcachon, F-33612 Gazinet Cedex, France email: fred@pierroton.inra.fr AU - Danjon, F. AU - Fourcaud, T. AU - Bert, D. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01497.x IS - 2 J2 - New Phytol. 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PY - 2008 ST - Wirtschaftsdünger im Biolandbau – Aufbereitung und Einsatz T2 - Der fortschrittliche Landwirt, Sonderbeilage TI - Wirtschaftsdünger im Biolandbau – Aufbereitung und Einsatz ID - 633 ER - TY - RPRT AU - A., Darabant AU - K., Katzensteiner AU - G., Gratzer AU - S., Dorji PB - Vienna, Austria, ÖBF, Ämter d. Stmk., Tiroler und Salzburger Landesregierungen, Gemeinde Wien PY - 2009 ST - Pilotstudie: Resilienz von Schutzwäldern in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen. TI - Pilotstudie: Resilienz von Schutzwäldern in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen. ID - 3414 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Darné, S. AU - Sinclair, S. A. DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01984.x IS - 1 PY - 2006 SN - 1365-2230 SP - 155-156 ST - A sandfly in Surrey? A case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the United Kingdom without history of recent travel to an endemic area T2 - Clinical and Experimental Dermatology TI - A sandfly in Surrey? A case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the United Kingdom without history of recent travel to an endemic area UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01984.x VL - 31 ID - 634 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Dasgupta, P. PB - University of Cambridge. PY - 2006 ST - Comments on the Stern Review's Economics of Climate Change TI - Comments on the Stern Review's Economics of Climate Change ID - 635 ER - TY - DBASE AU - Database, USDA Plant DA - 12 September 2006 N1 - Ambrosia artemisiifolia PB - National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA PY - 2006 TI - Ambrosia artemisiifolia UR - http://plants.usda.gov ID - 636 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Daubenmire, R. PY - 1954 SP - 11. 119-136. ST - Alpine timberlines in the Americas and their interpretation. Butler Univ. Bot. Studies TI - Alpine timberlines in the Americas and their interpretation. Butler Univ. Bot. Studies ID - 637 ER - TY - GEN AU - Davenport, Alan G. AU - Grimmond, C. Sue B. AU - Oke, Tim R. AU - Wieringa, Jon PB - American Meteorological Society PY - 2000 ST - Estimating the roughness of cities and sheltered country TI - Estimating the roughness of cities and sheltered country ID - 638 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DAVID, A. PY - 1999 ST - Das Steinwild. In: Muffel-, Gams- und Steinwild Vorkommen, Biologie, Hege, Jagd. Sonderheft Wild und Hund Exclusiv 82-95. Singhofen: Paul Parey. TI - Das Steinwild. In: Muffel-, Gams- und Steinwild Vorkommen, Biologie, Hege, Jagd. Sonderheft Wild und Hund Exclusiv 82-95. Singhofen: Paul Parey ID - 639 ER - TY - JOUR AU - David, A. IS - Singhofen: Paul Parey PY - 1999 SP - 82-95 ST - Das Steinwild. In: Muffel-, Gams- und Steinwild Vorkommen, Biologie, Hege, Jagd. Sonderheft Wild und Hund Exclusiv 82-95. Singhofen: Paul Parey. T2 - Sonderheft Wild und Hund Exclusiv TI - Das Steinwild. Muffel-, Gams- und Steinwild Vorkommen, Biologie, Hege, Jagd ID - 640 ER - TY - JOUR AU - David, H. PY - 1937 SP - 477-481 ST - Über den Verlauf der Tularämie in Österreich. Dtsch. tierärzt. Wschr. T2 - Dtsch. tierärzt. Wschr. TI - Über den Verlauf der Tularämie in Österreich VL - 45 ID - 641 ER - TY - JOUR AU - David, H. PY - 1937 SP - 45, 477-481. ST - Über den Verlauf der Tularämie in Österreich. Dtsch. tierärzt. Wschr. TI - Über den Verlauf der Tularämie in Österreich. Dtsch. tierärzt. Wschr ID - 642 ER - TY - CONF AU - David, H. CY - Berlin PY - 1937 ST - Zur Diagnose der Tularämie des Menschen und der Tiere. 17. Tagung der Deutschen Vereinigung für Mikrobiologie, Berlin. T2 - 17. Tagung der Deutschen Vereinigung für Mikrobiologie TI - Zur Diagnose der Tularämie des Menschen und der Tiere. 17. Tagung der Deutschen Vereinigung für Mikrobiologie ID - 643 ER - TY - JOUR AU - David, H. PY - 1937 ST - Zur Diagnose der Tularämie des Menschen und der Tiere. 17. Tagung der Deutschen Vereinigung für Mikrobiologie, Berlin. TI - Zur Diagnose der Tularämie des Menschen und der Tiere. 17. Tagung der Deutschen Vereinigung für Mikrobiologie, Berlin ID - 644 ER - TY - JOUR AU - David, H. PY - 1947 SP - 523-544 ST - Untersuchungen über die Tularämie in Österreich (1935-1945). Wien. Tie-rärztl. Mschr. T2 - Tierärztl. Mschr. TI - Untersuchungen über die Tularämie in Österreich (1935-1945). Wien VL - 10 ID - 645 ER - TY - JOUR AU - David, H. PY - 1947 SP - 10, 523-544. ST - Untersuchungen über die Tularämie in Österreich (1935-1945). Wien. Tie-rärztl. Mschr. TI - Untersuchungen über die Tularämie in Österreich (1935-1945). Wien. Tie-rärztl. Mschr ID - 646 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Davidson, Eric A AU - Janssens, Ivan A LB - davidson:06a PY - 2006 SP - 165-173 ST - Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change T2 - Nature TI - Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change VL - i440 ID - 647 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Davidson, Eric A AU - Richardson, A D AU - Savage, KE AU - Hollinger, DY LB - davidson:06c PY - 2006 SP - 230-239 ST - A distinct seasonal pattern of the ratio of soil respiration to total ecosystem respiration in a spruce-dominated forest T2 - Global Change Biology TI - A distinct seasonal pattern of the ratio of soil respiration to total ecosystem respiration in a spruce-dominated forest VL - 12 ID - 648 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Direct shear box tests have revealed that the stiffness and strength of an ice-filled joint are a function of both normal stress and temperature. Comparison of these data with the results of similar experiments conducted on unfrozen joints indicates that at low temperatures and normal stresses the strength of an ice-filled joint can be significantly higher than that of an unfrozen joint. However, in the absence of sufficient closure pressure, the strength of an ice-filled joint can be significantly less than that of an unfrozen joint. This implies that if the stability of a slope is maintained by ice-filled joints, its factor of safety will reduce with temperature rise. This hypothesis suggests that a jointed rock slope that is stable when there is no ice in the joints and is also stable when ice in the joints is at low temperatures will become unstable as the ice warms. Results from the model tests have confirmed this hypothesis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RÉSUMÉ Des tests de cisaillement directs ont révélés que la rigidité et la résistance d'un joint rempli de glace est fonction à la fois de la contrainte normale et de la température (Davies et al., 2000). La comparaison de ces données avec les résultats d'expériences semblables conduites sur des joints non gelés indique qu'à basse température et pour des contraintes normales identiques, la résistance d'un joint rempli de glace peut être plus élevée d'une manière significative que celle d'un joint non gelé. Toutefois, en l'absence d'une pression de fermeture suffisante, la résistance d'un tel joint rempli de glace peut être significativement moindre que celle d'une fissure non gelée. Ceci implique que si la stabilité de la pente est maintenue par des joints remplis de glace, son facteur de sécurité sera réduit avec l'augmentation de la température. Cette hypothèse suggère qu'une pente de roches fissurées qui est stable quand il n'y a pas de glace dans les joints et est aussi stable quand la glace dans les joints est à basse température, deviendra instable quand la glace s'échauffe. Des résultats obtenus par des tests ont confirmé ce résultat. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. AU - Davies, Michael C. R. AU - Hamza, Omar AU - Harris, Charles DO - 10.1002/ppp.378 IS - 1 KW - Ice frozen rock slopes laboratory experiments permafrost slope stability PY - 2001 SN - 1099-1530 SP - 137-144 ST - The effect of rise in mean annual temperature on the stability of rock slopes containing ice-filled discontinuities T2 - Permafrost and Periglacial Processes TI - The effect of rise in mean annual temperature on the stability of rock slopes containing ice-filled discontinuities UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.378 VL - 12 ID - 649 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Davies, N.E. PY - 1968 SP - 305-317 ST - An optimum summer weather index T2 - Weather TI - An optimum summer weather index VL - 23 ID - 650 ER - TY - CONF A2 - Society, American Meteorological AU - Davis, R.E. AU - Knappenberger, P.C. AU - Michaels, P.J. AU - Novicoff, W.M. CY - San Antonio, Texas, USA PY - 2007 SP - 2.4 ST - A mortality-based heat wave climatology for U.S. cities T2 - 16th Conference on Applied Climatology TI - A mortality-based heat wave climatology for U.S. cities ID - 651 ER - TY - JOUR AU - de Bruin, K. AU - Dellink, R. AU - Ruijs, A. AU - Bolwidt, L. AU - van Buuren, A. AU - Graveland, J. AU - de Groot, R. AU - Kuikman, P. AU - Reinhard, S. AU - Roetter, R. AU - Tassone, V. AU - Verhagen, A. AU - van Ierland, E. IS - 1 KW - Earth and Environmental Science N1 - 0165-0009 PY - 2009 SP - 23 ST - Adapting to climate change in The Netherlands: an inventory of climate adaptation options and ranking of alternatives T2 - Climatic Change TI - Adapting to climate change in The Netherlands: an inventory of climate adaptation options and ranking of alternatives UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9576-4 VL - 95 ID - 652 ER - TY - CPAPER A2 - R.J. de Dear, J.D. Kalma, T.R. Oke and A. Auliciems AU - De Dear, R., Pickup, J. CY - Sydney PB - WCASP-50, WMO/TD PY - 1999 SP - 285-290 T2 - Conference ICB-ICUC’99 Biometeorology and Urban Climatology at the Turn of the Millenium TI - An outdoor thermal comfort index (OUT_SET*) – Part II – Applications VL - 1026 ID - 653 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The study examines methods for assessing the atmospheric resource component of recreation environments. Beach use is selected as it is a highly weather sensitive recreational activity. The study area is King's Beach in Queensland, Australia. The nature of the relationship between beach climate and the enjoyment of recreational pursuits is taken to be a function of thermal, physical, and aesthetic components of the atmospheric environment. A body-atmosphere heat-budget model is used to integrate and isolate the thermal component of beach weather and enable identification of important non-thermal recreational resource attributes of the atmosphere. Beach-user sensory perception of on-site atmospheric conditions expressed verbally is used to assess the physical and aesthetic components of the atmospheric environment. The immediate thermal environment of the beach user is the main contributing factor to assessments of the desirability of on-site meteorological conditions, followed by the non-thermal effects of cloud and wind. Rainfall events of half-hour duration or longer have an overriding effect. AU - de Freitas, C. R. DO - 10.1002/joc.3370100110 IS - 1 KW - Recreation climate Human thermal climate Human response to climate Beach climate PY - 1990 SN - 1097-0088 SP - 89-103 ST - Recreation climate assessment T2 - International Journal of Climatology TI - Recreation climate assessment UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370100110 VL - 10 ID - 654 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This work grew from initiatives of the International Society of Biometeorology's Commission on Climate, Tourism and Recreation (ISBCCTR). The ISBCCTR was formed during the 15th Congress of the ISB held in November 1999 in Sydney, Australia. The aim of ISBCCTR is to promote research in tourism climatology. The first formal meeting of the Commission took place at the Meliton Resort, Halkidiki, Greece, 5–10 October 2001. The aims were to (1) bring together a selection of scientists and tourism experts to review the current state of knowledge of tourism climatology and (2) explore areas and priorities for future work and the role of the Commission in this. The Workshop highlighted the fact that, although climate is widely recognised as vitally important to tourism, relatively little is known about its effects. Even less is known about the economic impact or significance of climate on commercial prospects for tourism. Important research themes that warrant attention were identified. Among these was the need for a tourism climate index (or indices) that integrates all facets of climate, uses standard data and is objectively tested and verified. Work is also required on developing a better understanding of what climate-related information is required by both tourists and the tourism industry, exploring the distinction between the impact of climate on tourists and the impact on the tourism industry, setting a standard approach to tourism climate assessment, assessing the role of weather forecasts and long-term expectations of climate on choices made by tourists, the risks to tourism caused by extreme atmospheric events, what climate-related criteria people use to make decisions about tourism and recreational choices, how products giving information about weather and climate are currently used by the recreation and tourism industry and what are the existing and future requirements for this climate information. AU - de Freitas, C. R. DO - 10.1007/s00484-003-0177-z IS - 1 KW - Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften PY - 2003 SN - 0020-7128 SP - 45-54 ST - Tourism climatology: evaluating environmental information for decision making and business planning in the recreation and tourism sector T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology TI - Tourism climatology: evaluating environmental information for decision making and business planning in the recreation and tourism sector UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-003-0177-z VL - 48 ID - 655 ER - TY - CONF A2 - Matzarakis, A. A2 - de Freitas, C. R. (eds) AB - It is generally accepted that climate is an important part of the region’s tourism resource base, but its role in determining the suitability of a region for tourism is often assumed to be self evident and therefore to require no elaboration. Relatively little is known, other than in very general terms, about the effects of climate on tourism or the role it plays. And even less is known about the economic impact or significance of climate on commercial prospects for tourism. The whole area involving which climate related-criteria people use to make decisions about tourism and recreation choices is largely unresearched, but highly relevant to a variety of applications. Thus far, much of the research specifically on climate reported in the journal literature has been superficial in that relationships between climate and tourism are assumed rather than observed and seldom objectively tested. Moreover, the research is largely devoid of any clearly structured conceptual framework or frameworks that embrace important theory, paradigms, processes and interactions. These theoretical frameworks are important because they provide a basis for data generation, hypothesis testing and further theory generation. Without this, it is difficult to develop a coherent set of research methods; and perhaps more importantly, develop models that constitute a bridge between the observational and theoretical levels that can assist is building a coherent knowledge base for understanding, explanation and prediction. This paper reviews the work so far on climate and tourism with a view to identifying what concepts and theoretical frameworks may already exist and looks to ways these may be drawn together in future research. AU - De Freitas, C.R. PY - 2001 SP - 3-20 ST - Theory, concepts and methods in climate tourism research T2 - Proceedings of the first international workshop on climate, tourism and recreation. International Society of Biometeorology, Commission on Climate Tourism and Recreation TI - Theory, concepts and methods in climate tourism research ID - 656 ER - TY - BOOK AU - de Lattin, G. PB - Gustav Fischer Verlag PY - 1967 SE - 602 ST - Grundriß der Zoogeographie TI - Grundriß der Zoogeographie ID - 657 ER - TY - JOUR AU - De Michele, C. AU - Rosso, R. IS - 2 PY - 2002 SP - 185-194 ST - A multi-level approach to flood frequency regionalisation T2 - Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. TI - A multi-level approach to flood frequency regionalisation VL - 6 ID - 3573 ER - TY - GEN AU - De-Marcellis-Warin, N. AU - Michel-Kerjan, E. LB - demarcelliswarin2002 N1 - Working Paper PB - Paris: Ecole Polytechnique PY - 2002 ST - The Public-Private Sector Risk-Sharing in the French Insurance Cat.Nat. System TI - The Public-Private Sector Risk-Sharing in the French Insurance Cat.Nat. System ID - 658 ER - TY - SER AU - Deare, Fredericka. CY - Santiago, Chile PB - United Nations PY - 2004 ST - A methodological approach to gender analysis in natural disaster assessment: a guide for the Caribbean T3 - CEPAL Serie Manuales TI - A methodological approach to gender analysis in natural disaster assessment: a guide for the Caribbean UR - http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/4/19574/lcl2123i.pdf VL - 31 Y2 - 10.2.2013 ID - 3623 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dedie, K., Bockemühl, J., Kühn, H., Volkmer, K. J., Weinke, T. PY - 1993 ST - Bakterielle Zoonosen bei Tier und Mensch. Enke, Stuttgart. TI - Bakterielle Zoonosen bei Tier und Mensch. Enke, Stuttgart ID - 659 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dedie, K. AU - Bockemühl, J. AU - Kühn, H. AU - Volkmer, K. J. AU - Weinke, T. PY - 1993 ST - Bakterielle Zoonosen bei Tier und Mensch. Enke, Stuttgart. TI - Bakterielle Zoonosen bei Tier und Mensch. Enke, Stuttgart ID - 660 ER - TY - JOUR AB - ERA-Interim is the latest global atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The ERA-Interim project was conducted in part to prepare for a new atmospheric reanalysis to replace ERA-40, which will extend back to the early part of the twentieth century. This article describes the forecast model, data assimilation method, and input datasets used to produce ERA-Interim, and discusses the performance of the system. Special emphasis is placed on various difficulties encountered in the production of ERA-40, including the representation of the hydrological cycle, the quality of the stratospheric circulation, and the consistency in time of the reanalysed fields. We provide evidence for substantial improvements in each of these aspects. We also identify areas where further work is needed and describe opportunities and objectives for future reanalysis projects at ECMWF. © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society. AD - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, Darmstadt, Germany Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Austria School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, United Kingdom Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul, South Korea Dee, D.P. ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, United Kingdom email: dick.dee@ecmwf.int AU - Dee, D. P. AU - Uppala, S. M. AU - Simmons, A. J. AU - Berrisford, P. AU - Poli, P. AU - Kobayashi, S. AU - Andrae, U. AU - Balmaseda, M. A. AU - Balsamo, G. AU - Bauer, P. AU - Bechtold, P. AU - Beljaars, A. C. M. AU - van de Berg, L. AU - Bidlot, J. AU - Bormann, N. AU - Delsol, C. AU - Dragani, R. AU - Fuentes, M. AU - Geer, A. J. AU - Haimberger, L. AU - Healy, S. B. AU - Hersbach, H. AU - Hólm, E. V. AU - Isaksen, L. AU - Kållberg, P. AU - Köhler, M. AU - Matricardi, M. AU - McNally, A. P. AU - Monge-Sanz, B. M. AU - Morcrette, J. J. AU - Park, B. K. AU - Peubey, C. AU - de Rosnay, P. AU - Tavolato, C. AU - Thépaut, J. N. AU - Vitart, F. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/qj.828 IS - 656 J2 - Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. KW - 4D-Var ERA-40 Forecast model Hydrological cycle Observations Stratospheric circulation FORECAST model Hydrological cycles Stratospheric circulations Data processing Value engineering Weather forecasting atmospheric circulation data assimilation hydrological cycle performance assessment stratosphere twentieth century weather forecasting LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996):1086 References: ECMWF publications are available on the internet at Abdalla, S., Hersbach, H., (2004), The technical support for global validation of ERS wind and wave products at ECMWF'. Final Report for ESA contract 15988/02/I-LG, ECMWF: Reading, UKAbdalla, S., Hersbach, H., (2007), The technical support for global validation of ERS wind and wave products at ECMWF (April 2004-June 2007)'. 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Soc., 91, pp. S19-S52. , eds.); Wonnacott, T.H., Wonnacott, R., (1997) Introductory Statistics, , John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, UK PY - 2011 SN - 00359009 SP - 553-597 ST - The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system T2 - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society TI - The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79955446270&partnerID=40&md5=fe2c24832cd3dad0a2cb35571fcc2af4 VL - 137 ID - 3501 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DEFAGO, G. PY - 1937 SP - 94-136 ST - Observations sur les punaises des céréales en Suisse. T2 - Extrait du « Bull. Murithienne », Soc. valais. sci. natur. TI - Observations sur les punaises des céréales en Suisse VL - 54 ID - 661 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Defila, C. AU - Clot, B. LB - defi01 PY - 2001 SP - 203-207 ST - Phytophenological trends in Switzerland T2 - International Journal of Biometeorology TI - Phytophenological trends in Switzerland VL - 45 ID - 662 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Acute lymphocytic meningitis, seen in France in summer, is often due to enteroviruses. Arboviruses as West Nile and tick-borne encephalitis do exist in Europe, but other viruses are rarely considered in patients unless they have had recent tropical travel. Toscana virus infection, which is endemic, especially in Italy,1-3 has been documented in some European travelers returning from Italy,4-6 but surprisingly was not documented in France until recently.7 We report a case of meningitis caused by Toscana virus imported to France. AU - Defuentes, G. AU - Rapp, C. AU - Imbert, P. AU - Durand, J.P. AU - Debord, T. IS - 5 PY - 2005 SP - 295-296 ST - Acute meningitis owing to phlebotomus fever Toscana virus imported to France T2 - J Travel Med TI - Acute meningitis owing to phlebotomus fever Toscana virus imported to France VL - 12 ID - 663 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Degirmenci, H. CY - Hamburg PB - Diplomica Verlag PY - 2010 ST - Städtetourismus für die Zielgruppe „Best Ager“ am Beispiel einer Potenzialanalyse für die Hansestadt Bremen TI - Städtetourismus für die Zielgruppe „Best Ager“ am Beispiel einer Potenzialanalyse für die Hansestadt Bremen ID - 664 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dehn, Martin DA - October LB - dehn1999 N1 - monatliche Temperaturen und Niederschlag für Cortina; ECHAM4 und HadCM2; unterschiedliche "fitting periods" (22-61 -> 62-91 und 46-75 -> 22-44,76-94) zeigen weniger Auswirkungen als unterschiedliche GCMs; lokaler Niederschlag mittels Analogmethode erstellt (täglicher SLP:20-70N/70W-20E; 5EOF) r=0.02(JJA)-0.52(DJF); lokaler Temperatur mittels GCM Gitterwert; ***wirklich einfach eine GCM Gitterpunktsreihe fuer die monatliche cortina temp.reihe? >wird noch mit dem CR korregiert - werd aber nicht ganz schlau wie sie das gemacht haben >> zu deiner zusatzfrage: >> es wird wohl der taegliche niederschlag rekonstruiert auf basis von >>taeglichen analogen >> slp-felder. nur die korrelationskoeffizienten werden dann saisional >>bestimmt. es werden nicht nur die niederschlagssummen fuer jede saison >>verglichen sondern auch die tage mit weniger als 0.2 mm und solche >>faktoren wie "low frequency variability" high. >>." und q0.9 (was immer das auch sein mag), zur bestimmung dieser >>benoetigt man jedoch tagswerte. es zeigt sich eine Temperaturerhöhung von bis zu 3 grad C zum Ende des Jahrhunderts, die Niederschlagsänderung ist abhängig vom verwendeten GCM und liegt zwischen -/+ 30% Vergleichsraum 1960-1989 (bzw.50-79) mit 2070-2099 PY - 1999 SP - 103 -- 113 ST - Application of an analog downscaling technique to the assessment of future landslide activity - a case study in the Italian Alps T2 - Clim. Res. TI - Application of an analog downscaling technique to the assessment of future landslide activity - a case study in the Italian Alps VL - 13 ID - 665 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Deichsel, G. AU - Trampisch, H. J. CY - Stuttgart KW - Cluster_analysis LB - deichsel1985 PB - Gustav Fischer Verlag PY - 1985 SP - 135 pp. ST - Clusteranalyse und Diskriminanzanalyse TI - Clusteranalyse und Diskriminanzanalyse ID - 666 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Del Bene G, Gargani E. PY - 1989 SP - 403-420 ST - Contributo alla conoscenza di Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Redia 72(2), 403-420. T2 - Redia TI - Contributo alla conoscenza di Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) VL - 72(2) ID - 667 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DEL BENE G., GARGANI E PY - 1989 ST - Contributo alla conoscenza di Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Redia 72(2), 403-420. TI - Contributo alla conoscenza di Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Redia 72(2), 403-420 ID - 668 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND: Leishmania infantum recently has been identified as a possible agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This species has been isolated from cutaneous lesions of patients from the Mediterranean Basin. However, little is known about the clinical, biological, or therapeutic features of this newly recognized CL. OBSERVATIONS: Six patients aged 9 months to 85 years in southeastern France were found to have autochthonous leishmaniasis. Parasitological identification showed that the agent was L infantum, zymodemes Montpellier-1 for 2 patients and Montpellier-24 for 1 patient. Five patients who underwent testing with a Western blot assay were found to have antibodies against 4 antigens with molecular masses of 18, 21, 23, and 31 kd. Five patients were successfully treated with local injections of N-methylglucamine, and 1 patient was successfully treated with topical paromomycin sulfate. No patient had visceral disease at diagnosis or after follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Recent data provide increasing evidence that L infantum is an important agent of CL. In southwestern Europe, this species is the only agent that has long been identified from autochthonous CL. Leishmania infantum should be considered an agent of CL in areas in which visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. Western blot assay could be a useful test for the diagnosis, but precise parasitological identification is important to having a better knowledge of the disease. The relationships between CL and the visceral disease have to be explored. AU - del Giudice, P. AU - Marty, P. AU - Lacour, J.P. AU - Perrin, C. AU - Pratlong, F. AU - Haas, H. AU - Dellamonica, P. AU - Le Fichoux, Y. IS - 2 PY - 1998 SP - 193-198 ST - Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum. Case reports and literature review. T2 - Archives of Dermatology TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum. Case reports and literature review. VL - 134 ID - 669 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Delisle, F. C. Lavoie M. J. AU - Lachance, D. PY - 2003 SP - 1033-1042 ST - Reconstructing the spread of invasive plants: Taking into account biases associated with herbarium specimens. Journal of Biogeography, 30,1033-1042. T2 - Journal of Biogeography TI - Reconstructing the spread of invasive plants: Taking into account biases associated with herbarium specimens VL - 30 ID - 670 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Delisle, F.C., Lavoie, M.J. AU - Lachance, D. PY - 2003 ST - Reconstructing the spread of invasive plants: Taking into account biases associated with herbarium specimens. Journal of Biogeography, 30,1033-1042. TI - Reconstructing the spread of invasive plants: Taking into account biases associated with herbarium specimens. Journal of Biogeography, 30,1033-1042 ID - 671 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Delworth, T. L. AU - Stouffer, R. J. AU - Dixon, K. W. AU - Spelman, M. J. AU - Knutson, T. R. AU - Broccoli, A. J. AU - Kushner, P. J. AU - Wetherald, R. T. LB - delworth2002 PY - 2002 SP - 555--574 ST - Review of simulations of climate variability and change with the GFDL R30 coupled climate model T2 - Climate Dyn. TI - Review of simulations of climate variability and change with the GFDL R30 coupled climate model VL - 19 ID - 672 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A comparative molecular study was performed on the three species of Phlebotomine sandflies belonging to the subgenus Transphlebotomus Artemiev whose morphological differentiation is difficult. All three species have been suspected, but never proven, to be vectors of Leishmania infantum. The ND4 gene from mtDNA was sequenced from specimens of five populations of Phlebotomus mascittii Grassi from Belgium (the first records of Phlebotomine sandflies from this country), France, and Germany. Additionally, specimens from one population of Lebanese P. canaaniticus Adler and Theodor and of one population of Cypriot P. economidesi Leger, Depaquit and Ferte topotypes were examined. The results reveal the validity of the three taxa inferred from molecular variation and a molecular homogeneity shared by all of the populations of P. mascittii included into the present study. The epidemiological consequences are discussed. AU - Depaquit, J. AU - Naucke, T.J. AU - Schmitt, C. AU - Ferté, H. AU - Léger, N. IS - 2 PY - 2005 SP - 113-116 ST - A molecular analysis of the subgenus Transphlebotomus Artemiev, 1984 (Phlebotomus, Diptera, Psychodidae) inferred from ND4 mtDNA with new northern records of Phlebotomus mascittii Grassi, 1908. T2 - Parasitologa Research TI - A molecular analysis of the subgenus Transphlebotomus Artemiev, 1984 (Phlebotomus, Diptera, Psychodidae) inferred from ND4 mtDNA with new northern records of Phlebotomus mascittii Grassi, 1908. VL - 95 ID - 673 ER - TY - WEB AU - Health, Department of M1 - 8.6.2011 PY - 2010 ST - Heatwave plan for England. Protecting health and reducing harm from extreme heat and heatwaves TI - Heatwave plan for England. Protecting health and reducing harm from extreme heat and heatwaves UR - http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/ PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_114430 ID - 674 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Déqué, M. AU - Dreveton, C. AU - Braun, A. AU - Cariolle, D. IS - 4-5 PY - 1995 SP - 249-266 ST - The ARPEGE/IFS atmosphere model: a contribution to the French community climate modelling T2 - Climate Dynamics TI - The ARPEGE/IFS atmosphere model: a contribution to the French community climate modelling VL - 10 ID - 3575 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Déqué, M. AU - Piedelievre, JP. PY - 1995 SP - 321-339 ST - High- Resolution climate simulation over Europe T2 - Clim. Dyn. TI - High- Resolution climate simulation over Europe VL - 11 ID - 3576 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Déqué, Michel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.11.030 IS - 1–2 KW - numerical simulation regional climate scenario extreme values PY - 2007 SN - 0921-8181 SP - 16-26 ST - Frequency of precipitation and temperature extremes over France in an anthropogenic scenario: Model results and statistical correction according to observed values T2 - Global and Planetary Change TI - Frequency of precipitation and temperature extremes over France in an anthropogenic scenario: Model results and statistical correction according to observed values UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818106002748 VL - 57 ID - 3574 ER - TY - DBASE AU - Dersch G AU - Duboc, O. CY - http://www.ages.at/ages/landwirtschaftliche-sachgebiete/boden/aktuelles/entwicklung- der-humusversorgung-der-ackerboeden/ PY - 2011 TI - Entwicklung der Humusversorgung der Ackerböden. ID - 3340 ER - TY - THES A3 - Katzensteiner, K. AU - Dervishi, V. AU - Eberhard, B. AU - Pfeifer, U. AU - Unterkofler, M. CY - Wien PB - Boku PY - 2011 ST - Wurzelsystem der Lärche auf Pseudogley T2 - Inst. f. Waldökologie TI - Wurzelsystem der Lärche auf Pseudogley VL - Bakk. ID - 675 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Deschka, G. LB - desc95 PY - 1995 SP - 77-128 ST - Schmetterlinge als Einwanderer T2 - Stapfia TI - Schmetterlinge als Einwanderer VL - 37 ID - 676 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As the AIDS pandemic spreads to rural areas and human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) becomes more common in suburban areas, there is an ever greater degree of overlap between the geographical distributions of the two diseases and, in consequence, an increasing incidence of Leishmania/HIV co-infection. Cases of the co-infection have been reported from 35 countries around the world but most have been recorded in south–western Europe. There has been a total of 1911 cases detected in Spain, France, Italy and Portugal. The incidence of Leishmania/ HIV co-infection is expected to continue increasing in eastern Africa but to fall in south–western Europe as increasing numbers of HIV-positives in the latter region are given the new, highly active, antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In 1998, a world-wide network of surveillance for the co-infection, which now includes 28 member institutions, was established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). In south–western Europe, the surveillance system is based on 16 institutions and is already well established. The systematic use of standardized and recently computerized case-report forms, a central international registry at the WHO’s headquarters in Geneva, and the use of a geographical information system (GIS) for mapping and monitoring the co-infections have together improved the overall quality of the epidemiological data-gathering. All member institutions of the global network report to the WHO on an annual basis. The data collected are then analysed and periodically disseminated through international publications. The GIS allows the relevant epidemiological and demographic data-sets to be integrated and permits all detected cases of co-infection to be mapped down to locality level. The system also allows the spatial distribution of cases to be visualised and analysed and the geographical spread of the co-infection to be monitored over time. The risk posed by co-infected patients, as a source of Leishmania infection for the sand ies feeding on them, has recently been con rmed. The parasites and HIV may also be transmitted as the result of needle-sharing among intravenous-drug users. AU - DESJEUX, P. AU - ALVAR, J. IS - 1 PY - 2003 SP - 3-15 ST - Leishmania/HIV co-infections: epidemiology in Europe T2 - Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology TI - Leishmania/HIV co-infections: epidemiology in Europe VL - 97 ID - 677 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Adger W.N., Lorenzoni I., and O'Brien K.L. (eds) AU - S., Dessai AU - M., Hulme AU - R., Lempert AU - R., Pielke Jr CY - Cambridge PB - Cambridge Univ. Press PY - 2009 ST - Climate prediction: a limit to adaptation? T2 - Adapting to climate change. Thresholds, values, governance. TI - Climate prediction: a limit to adaptation? ID - 678 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study attempts to characterise the chemical weathering of basalts and to quantify the flux of carbon transferred from the atmosphere to the ocean during this major process at the surface of the Earth. To this aim, we have compiled different published chemical compositions of small rivers draining basalts. Basaltic river waters are characterised by relatively high Na-normalized molar ratios (Ca/Na: 0.2-3.9; HCO3/Na: 1-10; Mg/Na: 0.15-6) in comparison with those usually observed for river draining silicates. The data also show the climatic influence on basalt weathering and associated CO2 consumption. Runoff and temperature are the main parameters controlling the chemical weathering rate and derived CO2 consumption during basaltic weathering. From these relationships and digital maps, we are able to define the contribution of basalts to the global silicate flux. Taking account of this result, we estimate that the CO2 flux consumed by chemical weathering of basalts is about 4.08×1012 mol/year. The fluxes from the islands of Indonesia and regions of central America represent around 40% of this flux. The global flux of CO2 consumed by chemical weathering of basalts represents between 30% and 35% of the flux derived from continental silicate determined by Gaillardet et al. [Chem. Geol. 159 (1999) 3]. Finally, it appears that volcanic activity not only acts as a major atmospheric CO2 source, but also creates strong CO2 sinks that cannot be neglected to better understand the geochemical and climatic evolution of the Earth. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. AD - LMTG OMP UMR5563 UPS-CNRS-IRD, 38 rue des 36 ponts, Toulouse 31400, France LGC IPGP, 4 place Jussieu, Paris Cedex 05 75252, France LPAP, Université de Liège, 17 Allée du Six Août, Liège 4000, Belgium Dessert, C. LMTG OMP UMR5563 UPS-CNRS-IRD, 38 rue des 36 ponts, Toulouse 31400, France email: dessert@lmtg.ups-tlse.fr AU - Dessert, C. AU - Dupré, B. AU - Gaillardet, J. AU - François, L. M. AU - Allègre, C. J. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2002.10.001 IS - 3-4 J2 - Chem. Geol. 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Sympo-sium on Tick-Transmitted Diseases, 13 to 15 September, Ljubljana T2 - Symposium on Tick-Transmitted Diseases TI - Seroepidemiological Survey of the Preva-lence of Borreliosis and Ehrlichiosis in Hunters in South-Eastern Austria ID - 691 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Deutz, A. und G. Gressmann PB - Leopold Stocker, Graz PY - 2001 ST - Gams- und Steinwild Biologie, Krankheiten, Jagdpraxis. Graz: Leopold Stocker. TI - Gams- und Steinwild Biologie, Krankheiten, Jagdpraxis ID - 692 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DEUTZ, A. und G. GRESSMANN PY - 2001 ST - Gams- und Steinwild Biologie, Krankheiten, Jagdpraxis. Graz: Leopold Stocker. TI - Gams- und Steinwild Biologie, Krankheiten, Jagdpraxis. Graz: Leopold Stocker ID - 693 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DEUTZ, A., C. ASTE PY - 1985 SP - 11, 8-11. ST - Das Gamswild in der Steiermark. Anblick. TI - Das Gamswild in der Steiermark. Anblick ID - 694 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Deutz, A., Fuchs, B., Steineck, T., Köfer, J. PY - 2000 SP - S. 14-20. ST - Zoonosen bei heimischen Wildtieren Wissensstand, Forschungsbedarf und Vorbeugemaßnahmen. DVG-Tagung der Fach-gruppe „Epidemiologie und Dokumentationﾓ, 6. 8. September, Wien. TI - Zoonosen bei heimischen Wildtieren Wissensstand, Forschungsbedarf und Vorbeugemaßnahmen. DVG-Tagung der Fach-gruppe „Epidemiologie und Dokumentationﾓ, 6. 8. September, Wien ID - 695 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Deutz, A., Fuchs, K., Nowotny, N., Auer, H., Schuller, W., Stünzner, D., Aspöck, H., Kerbl, U., Köfer, J. PY - 2003 SP - Suppl 3, 61-67. ST - Seroepidemiologische Untersuchung von Jägern auf Zoonosen Vergleich mit Untersuchungen bei Tierärzten, Landwirten und Schlachthofarbeitern. Wien. Klin. Wschr., Supplement 3-2003, Beilage zu Band 115, Suppl. TI - Seroepidemiologische Untersuchung von Jägern auf Zoonosen Vergleich mit Untersuchungen bei Tierärzten, Landwirten und Schlachthofarbeitern. Wien. Klin. 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AU - Jensen, R.C. AU - Hewings, G. PB - Avebury PY - 1991 SN - 9781856281195 ST - Regional input-output modelling: new developments and interpretations TI - Regional input-output modelling: new developments and interpretations UR - http://books.google.at/books?id=Fc7rAAAAMAAJ ID - 3477 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dexter, E. M. AU - A.D.Champman AU - Buspy, J. R. LB - dext95 N1 - http://www.environment.gov.au/live/end_vuln/animals/climate/climate_change/ccch5.htm PY - 1995 ST - The Impact of Global Warming on the Distribution of Threatened Vertebrates T2 - Envirionment Australia, Departement of Environment and heritage, Canberra, Australia TI - The Impact of Global Warming on the Distribution of Threatened Vertebrates ID - 702 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dexter, E.M. AU - A.D.Champman AU - Buspy, J.R. LB - dext95 N1 - http://www.environment.gov.au/live/end_vuln/animals/climate/climate_change/ccch5.htm PY - 1995 ST - The Impact of Global Warming on the Distribution of Threatened Vertebrates T2 - Envirionment Australia, Departement of Environment and heritage, Canberra, Australia TI - The Impact of Global Warming on the Distribution of Threatened Vertebrates ID - 703 ER - TY - GEN AU - Commission, DG Enterprise European PY - 2006 ST - Feasibility and preparatory study regarding a Multi-stakeholder European Targeted Action for Sustainable Tourism & Transport TI - Feasibility and preparatory study regarding a Multi-stakeholder European Targeted Action for Sustainable Tourism & Transport ID - 704 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dhen, M. AU - Bürger, G. AU - Buma, J. AU - Gasparetto, P. LB - dehn20000 PY - 2000 ST - Impact of climate change on slope stability using expanded downscaling T2 - Engineering Geology TI - Impact of climate change on slope stability using expanded downscaling VL - 55 ID - 705 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Díaz AU - Jordán AU - García AU - López AU - Alberdi AU - Hernández AU - Otero IS - 3 KW - Medicine N1 - 0340-0131 PY - 2002 SP - 163 ST - Heat waves in Madrid 1986-1997: effects on the health of the elderly T2 - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health TI - Heat waves in Madrid 1986-1997: effects on the health of the elderly UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-001-0290-4 VL - 75 ID - 706 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - KLIMZUG-NORD AU - dICKHAUT, W. AU - KRUSE, E. M1 - KLIMZUG-NORD Teilprojekt 2.4. Innovation im Bauen zur Klimaanpassung. Zwischenstand Mai 2011 PY - 2011 ST - dezentrale Regenwasserbewirtschaftung auf dem Grundstück TI - dezentrale Regenwasserbewirtschaftung auf dem Grundstück UR - http://klimzug-nord.de/index.php/page/2009-04-06-Teilprojekt-T2.4 (14.02.2013) ID - 707 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DICKSON, R. C., LAIRD, E. F. Jr. PY - 1967 SP - 1088-1091 ST - Fall dispersal of green peach aphids to desert valleys T2 - Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. TI - Fall dispersal of green peach aphids to desert valleys VL - 60 ID - 708 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In some French mountain areas, the land-use changes which started around 1850 have resulted in a complete abandonment of any agro-pastoral activity by 1950. Thus, the landscape underwent important modifications of structure and functioning. Tree invasion did not take place homogeneously in space or time. Using aerial photographs I mapped the recolonization areas at timberline and analyzed the spatial pattern and age structure of sample plots established in stands in the recolonization zones above 2000 m a.s.l. I identified four main establishment periods, with the most important forest edge dynamics happening during the most recent periods: (1) immediately after abandonment of the pastures 50 years ago, European larch (Larix decidua Miller) formed very dense colonization patches close to the ancient chalets. The invasion was limited to narrow fringes related to colluvial soil conditions alongside the forest edges. Now Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) is regenerating in these young larch woods. (2) During the last two decades, stone pine has regenerated massively at tree line, forming dense seedling patches, mostly on convex relief forms. The spatial restriction of the young forests, be it stone pine or larch stands, enhances the importance of relief and soil conditions for vegetation dynamics at timberline. The landscape structure and the land-use history are determinant for the assessment of forest edge dynamics and consequently for the study and prediction of timberline fluctuations. AU - Didier, Lydie IS - 1-2 KW - Age structure Forest dynamics Landscape Land-use change Timberline N1 - doi: DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00575-2 PY - 2001 SN - 0378-1127 SP - 67-77 ST - Invasion patterns of European larch and Swiss stone pine in subalpine pastures in the French Alps T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Invasion patterns of European larch and Swiss stone pine in subalpine pastures in the French Alps UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T6X-42R0RWJ-7/2/46f085e61af0fbbdb3e8081a37de4142 VL - 145 ID - 709 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Species indicator values, especially those defined by Ellenberg, have been used widely in applied plant ecology, forestry and agriculture. In spite of being criticised by many, there is a growing interest in using them also outside central Europe in order to analyse trends of change in the vegetation and their underlying environmental variables. Various aspects of indicator values are reviewed: their main features, the most important applications (notably the use of weighted site averages), problems and pitfalls of indicator analyses, the relationship between weighted site averages and measurements as well as their extension to other regions. Some aspects are illustrated using data sets of forest plots from S Sweden. Provided that the limitations of indicator values are recognised, these have a high reliability and can complement or, in some cases, replace measurements to determine the values of environmental variables and to monitor their change. AD - Dept. of Ecol. and Evol. Biology, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany Dept. of Ecol. and Evol. Biology, Bremen University, FB 2, Leobener Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany Diekmann, M. Dept. of Ecol. and Evol. Biology, Bremen University, FB 2, Leobener Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany email: mdiekman@uni-bremen.de AU - Diekmann, M. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1078/1439-1791-00185 IS - 6 J2 - Basic Appl. Ecol. 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PB - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen PY - 1988 ST - Wuchsleistung und Konkurrenz von Buchen/Lärchen-Mischbeständen im Südniedersächsischen Bergland TI - Wuchsleistung und Konkurrenz von Buchen/Lärchen-Mischbeständen im Südniedersächsischen Bergland VL - Dissertation ID - 714 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dippner, J. W. AU - Ikauniece, A. LB - dipp01 PY - 2001 SP - 155-164 ST - Long-term zoobenthos variability in the Gulf of Riga in relation to climate variability T2 - Journal of Marine Systems TI - Long-term zoobenthos variability in the Gulf of Riga in relation to climate variability VL - 30 ID - 715 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dirnböck T, Dullinger S, Grabherr G. PY - 2003 ST - A regional impact assessment of climate and land use change on alpine vegetation. - Journal of Biogeography 30: 401-418. TI - A regional impact assessment of climate and land use change on alpine vegetation. - Journal of Biogeography 30: 401-418 ID - 716 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dirnböck T, Dullinger S. Grabherr G. 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AU - Speizer, Frank E. DO - doi:10.1056/NEJM199312093292401 IS - 24 PY - 1993 SP - 1753-1759 ST - An Association between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six U.S. Cities T2 - New England Journal of Medicine TI - An Association between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six U.S. Cities UR - http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199312093292401 VL - 329 ID - 723 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dokulil, M. T. AU - Teubner, K. LB - doku03 PY - 2003 SP - 176-180 ST - Klimaeinflüsse auf Seen in Europa (CLIME) T2 - Österreichs Fischerei, Jg. TI - Klimaeinflüsse auf Seen in Europa (CLIME) VL - 56 ID - 724 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The widely used generalized additive models (GAM) method is a flexible and effective technique for conducting nonlinear regression analysis in time-series studies of the health effects of air pollution. When the data to which the GAM are being applied have two characteristics—1) the estimated regression coefficients are small and 2) there exist confounding factors that are modeled using at least two nonparametric smooth functions—the default settings in the gam function of the S-Plus software package (version 3.4) do not assure convergence of its iterative estimation procedure and can provide biased estimates of regression coefficients and standard errors. This phenomenon has occurred in time-series analyses of contemporary data on air pollution and mortality. To evaluate the impact of default implementation of the gam software on published analyses, the authors reanalyzed data from the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS) using three different methods: 1) Poisson regression with parametric nonlinear adjustments for confounding factors; 2) GAM with default convergence parameters; and 3) GAM with more stringent convergence parameters than the default settings. The authors found that pooled NMMAPS estimates were very similar under the first and third methods but were biased upward under the second method. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:193–203. AU - Dominici, Francesca AU - McDermott, Aidan AU - Zeger, Scott L. AU - Samet, Jonathan M. DA - August 1, 2002 DO - 10.1093/aje/kwf062 IS - 3 PY - 2002 SP - 193-203 ST - On the Use of Generalized Additive Models in Time-Series Studies of Air Pollution and Health T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology TI - On the Use of Generalized Additive Models in Time-Series Studies of Air Pollution and Health UR - http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/156/3/193.abstract VL - 156 ID - 725 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Windthrows are among the most important disturbances of forest ecosystems in Europe, with expected increasing frequency due to climate change. However, surprisingly little is known about soil carbon dynamics after windthrow mainly due to missing field assessments. After a large windthrow event in the High Tatra Mountains in 2004 three soil monitoring plots were established, one at a non-harvested windthrow left for natural succession, one at a harvested windthrow and one at a reference forest site which remained unaffected by the storm event. No loss in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks was detected at the two windthrow sites with three inventories over the 3.5years after the storm event. However, shifts within the organic layers and the mineral soil toward more decomposed organic matter were found. Increasing C/N ratios at the harvested windthrow site indicate that newly established herbaceous vegetation compensated the decline in tree litter input. At the non-harvested windthrow site a flush of needle litter from broken trees helped to sustain SOC stocks. In contrast, SOC stocks at the reference forest increased by 2.2Mgha -1year -1 with major SOC stock accumulation in the forest floor. An assessment of the sample size required to detect future SOC changes revealed that at the windthrow sites a similar sample size is required as in the undisturbed reference forest. Small scale heterogeneity was at such a level that paired sampling did not significantly reduce the number of required samples. However, the separation of forest floor layers and mineral soil was a major obstacle for efficient forest soil carbon monitoring. The required number of soil samples could be decreased by 45% with a simultaneous sampling of forest floor and upper mineral soil, leading to more reliable SOC inventories. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. AD - Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Institute of Agricultural Climate Research, Braunschweig, Germany Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany Thuringian State Institute of Agriculture, Dornburg, Germany Earth Surface Science, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, Germany Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany Don, A. Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Institute of Agricultural Climate Research, Braunschweig, Germany email: axel.don@vti.bund.de AU - Don, A. AU - Bärwolff, M. AU - Kalbitz, K. AU - Andruschkewitsch, R. AU - Jungkunst, H. F. AU - Schulze, E. D. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.010 J2 - For. Ecol. Manage. KW - Disturbance Forest floor Minimum detectable difference Organic layer Soil organic carbon Windthrow Forest floors Organic layers Windthrows Carbon Climate change Harvesting Minerals Soils Storms Forestry assessment method climate change disturbance environmental monitoring forest ecosystem forest floor forest soil herb litter soil carbon soil organic matter succession Ecosystems Europe Forests Seasonal Variation Soil LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996):4 CODEN: FECMD References: Brais, S., Camire, C., Pare, D., Impacts of whole-tree harvesting and winter windrowing on soil-pH and base status of clayey sites of Northwestern Quebec (1995) Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere, 25, pp. 997-1007; Covington, W.W., Changes in forest floor organic-matter and nutrient content following clear cutting in Northern Hardwoods (1981) Ecology, 62, pp. 41-48; Don, A., Kalbitz, K., Amounts and degradability of dissolved organic carbon from foliar litter at different decomposition stages (2005) Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 37, pp. 2171-2179; FAO/Unesco soil map of the world revised legend with corrections and updates (1988) Wold Soil Resources Report, , FAO. 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P. AU - GREGORY, P. H. CY - London PB - His Majesty`s Stationery Office PY - 1948 ST - The Spread of Virus Diseases in the Potato Crop TI - The Spread of Virus Diseases in the Potato Crop ID - 726 ER - TY - CONF AU - Dornbusch, H.J. AU - Urban, C. AU - Kerbl, R. AU - Lackner, H. AU - Schwinger, W. AU - Zotter, H. AU - Sovinz, P. AU - Aspöck, H. CY - Innsbruck, Österreich PB - Medical University of Graz PY - 1999 ST - Viszerale Leishmaniose bei einem 10 Monate alten österreichischen Mädchen T2 - Kongreßband der 33. Tagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Parasitologie und Tropenmedizin 1999; -33. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie TI - Viszerale Leishmaniose bei einem 10 Monate alten österreichischen Mädchen ID - 727 ER - TY - GEN AU - Dorninger, M. AU - Freyer, B. CY - Wien PY - 2008 ST - Bio-Landwirtschaft und Klimaschutz in Österreich. Aktuelle Leistungen und zukünftige Potenziale der Ökologischen Landwirtschaft für den Klimaschutz in Österreich T2 - Studie im Auftrag von BIO AUSTRIA TI - Bio-Landwirtschaft und Klimaschutz in Österreich. Aktuelle Leistungen und zukünftige Potenziale der Ökologischen Landwirtschaft für den Klimaschutz in Österreich ID - 728 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ecosystem management of protection forests aims at maintaining forests near a state during which effective protection is secured. As the evolution of a dynamic forest ecosystem cannot be stopped, silvicultural measures are required which aim at maintaining both the ecosystem integrity and the protective function of mountain forests. Ecosystem integrity is defined as the system's capacity to maintain structure and ecosystem functions using processes and elements characteristic for its ecoregion. Here, ecosystem functions also reflect the capability of the ecosystem to provide functions of value to humans. Ecosystem integrity of a protection forest implies that the stability (mainly the property resilience is addressed) of the forest is high, because that is required to provide a high level of protection in the long term. The main conditions promoting natural evolutionary processes and ecological stability in protection forests are: (1) a diverse composition of species; (2) sufficient natural regeneration; (3) an optimal forest structure. The first example in this chapter explains how these conditions might be achieved by silvicultural interventions in a forest that mainly protects against rockfall in the Austrian Alps. The second example deals with socio-economic aspects of ecosystem integrity of a forest that also protects against rockfall, but then in the French Alps. Both examples show that forest authorities are aware of techniques to improve the stand stability of protection forests, but the problem is that current forest management is often a kind of trial and error, because the exact consequences of interventions for forest ecosystem dynamics are not known. Therefore, it is proposed that forest ecosystem research should shift focus from protection forest dynamics to the geo-ecosystem functioning of protection forests, including the effects of natural and human disturbances. For this, the concept of panarchy may be a promising way forward. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. AD - Cemagref Grenoble, 2 Rue de la Papeterie, F-38402 Saint Martin d'Heres Cedex, France Inst. Biodiv. Ecosystem Dynam. - P., Universiteit Van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands Stand Montafon - Forstfonds, Montafonerstraße 21, A-6780 Schruns, Austria Dorren, L.K.A. 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(Eds.), Academic Press, New York; Woodley, S., Kay, J.J., Francis, G., (1993) Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems, p. 212. , St. Lucine Press; Yaffee, S.L., Three faces of ecosystem management (1998) Conserv. Biol., 13 (4), pp. 713-725 PY - 2004 SN - 03781127 SP - 165-176 ST - Integrity, stability and management of protection forests in the European Alps T2 - Forest Ecology and Management TI - Integrity, stability and management of protection forests in the European Alps UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2642520589&partnerID=40&md5=edd0d924d5c7a999da841519fdf61b02 VL - 195 ID - 729 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Site-specific information about the level of protection that mountain forests provide is often not available for large regions. Information regarding rockfalls is especially scarce. The most efficient way to obtain information about rockfall activity and the efficacy of protection forests at a regional scale is to use a simulation model. At present, it is still unknown which forest parameters could be incorporated best in such models. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test and evaluate a model for rockfall assessment at a regional scale in which simple forest stand parameters, such as the number of trees per hectare and the diameter at breast height, are incorporated. Therefore, a newly developed Geographical Information System (GIS)-based distributed model is compared with two existing rockfall models. The developed model is the only model that calculates the rockfall velocity on the basis of energy loss due to collisions with trees and on the soil surface. The two existing models calculate energy loss over the distance between two cell centres, while the newly developed model is able to calculate multiple bounces within a pixel. The patterns of rockfall runout zones produced by the three models are compared with patterns of rockfall deposits derived from geomorphological field maps. Furthermore, the rockfall velocities modelled by the three models are compared. It is found that the models produced rockfall runout zone maps with rather similar accuracies. However, the developed model performs best on forested hillslopes and it also produces velocities that match best with field estimates on both forested and nonforested hillslopes irrespective of the slope gradient. AU - Dorren, Luuk K. A. AU - Seijmonsbergen, Arie C. IS - 1-2 KW - Rockfall GIS Protection forest Simulation model Geomorphological mapping Mountainous catchment N1 - doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00045-X PY - 2003 SN - 0169-555X SP - 49-64 ST - Comparison of three GIS-based models for predicting rockfall runout zones at a regional scale T2 - Geomorphology TI - Comparison of three GIS-based models for predicting rockfall runout zones at a regional scale UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X0300045X VL - 56 ID - 730 ER - TY - BOOK AU - DOSSE, G. CY - Berlin, Hamburg ET - BLUNCK, H. PB - Verl. Paul Parey PY - 1954 ST - Curculionidae, Rüsselkäfer TI - Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten ID - 731 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Doswell Iii, C. A. AU - Caracena, F. LB - doswell1988 PY - 1988 SP - 242-253 ST - Derivative estimation from marginally sampled vector point functions T2 - Journal of Atmospheric Science TI - Derivative estimation from marginally sampled vector point functions VL - 45 ID - 732 ER - TY - EJOUR AU - Douglas, L. DA - 10.8.2011 ET - 5(10) PB - E&T – Engineering and Technology Magazine PY - 2010 ST - Air conditioning of London Underground – reality or dream? TI - Air conditioning of London Underground – reality or dream? UR - http://eandt.theiet.org/magazine/2010/10/cooling-the-tube.cfm ID - 733 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Downing, T. E. AU - Harrison, P. A. AU - Butterfield, R. E. AU - Lonsdale, K. G. LB - down00 N1 - (Editors) PY - 2000 SP - 445 ST - Climate Change, Climate Variability and Agriculture in Europe - An Integrated Assessment T2 - Res. Report No. TI - Climate Change, Climate Variability and Agriculture in Europe - An Integrated Assessment VL - 21 ID - 734 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Downing, T.E. AU - Harrison, P.A. AU - Butterfield, R.E. AU - , K.G. Lonsdale LB - down00 N1 - (Editors) PY - 2000 SP - 445 ST - Climate Change, Climate Variability and Agriculture in Europe - An Integrated Assessment T2 - Res. Report No. TI - Climate Change, Climate Variability and Agriculture in Europe - An Integrated Assessment VL - 21 ID - 735 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In face of the prognosticated climate change it can supposed that flora, fauna and ecosystems will change significantly. This aspect, however, has not yet been integrated into the concepts of biodiversity and nature conservation. So far it was the rather conserving objective of nature conservation to preserve biodiversity in its typical composition and distribution. Climate changes function synergistically with other anthropogenic influences, in particular in interaction with destruction and fragmentation habitats. Against this background biodiversity protection should mainly consider two things: the buffering of ecosystems should be extended as far as possible in order to strengthen their resilience. At the same time the migration and dispersal of species into suitable habitats has to be facilitated, hence requiring the extension of conserving area and species protection towards a dynamic integrative protection of biodiversity also outside protection areas (biodiversity mainstreaming). The integration of biodiversity protection into agriculture, forestry and water management is of particular importance. This approach is not new; it however gains particular importance against the background of climatic change. AD - Sachverständigenrat für Umweltfragen, Geschäftsstelle, Reichpietschufer 60, D-10785 Berlin, Germany AG Vegetationsökologie und Naturschutz, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany Doyle, U. Sachverständigenrat für Umweltfragen, Geschäftsstelle, Reichpietschufer 60, D-10785 Berlin, Germany email: ulrike.doyle@uba.de AU - Doyle, U. AU - Ristow, M. DB - Scopus IS - 4 J2 - Naturschutz Landsch.plan. KW - anthropogenic effect biodiversity climate change habitat fragmentation nature conservation species conservation LA - German N1 - Cited By (since 1996): 4 References: Araújo, M.B., Cabeza, M., Thuiller, W., Hannah, L., Williams, P.H., Would climate change drive species out of reserves? 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Kolloq., 15, pp. 59-69; Zebisch, M., Grothmann, T., Schröter, D., Hasse, C., Fritsch, U., Cramer, W., Klimawandel in Deutschland, Vulnerabilität und Anpassungsstrategien klimasensitiver Systeme (2005) Climate Change 08/05, , Umweltbundesamt, Berlin. www.umweltbundesamt.org/fpdf-1/2947.pdf PY - 2006 SN - 09406808 SP - 101-107 ST - Biodiversity protection and nature conservation against the background of climate changes - Pleading for dynamic integrative protection of biological diversity T2 - Biodiversitäts- und Naturschutz vor dem Hintergrund des Klimawandels: Für einen dynamischen integrativen Schutz der biologischen Vielfalt TI - Biodiversity protection and nature conservation against the background of climate changes - Pleading for dynamic integrative protection of biological diversity UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33645806548&partnerID=40&md5=8ed2016711e6843a8003e81ae6861cdf VL - 38 ID - 736 ER - TY - BOOK AU - DREES, BASTIAAN DA - 10.08.2001 N1 - (BART) PB - Extension Entomology, Texas A&M University UR - http://insects.tamu.edu/extension/youth/bug/bug063.html ID - 737 ER - TY - RPRT AU - DREXLER, W. AU - WALENTOWSKI, H. PY - 2011 ST - Auswirkungen von sommerlichen Klimaextremen auf nemorale Laubwälder – Baumarten, Waldlebensgemeinschaften und Ökostem T2 - unpubl. Research application TI - Auswirkungen von sommerlichen Klimaextremen auf nemorale Laubwälder – Baumarten, Waldlebensgemeinschaften und Ökostem ID - 738 ER - TY - CONF A2 - Licka, L. & Schwab, E. (Hrsg.) AU - S., Drlik AU - A., Muhar CY - Vienna, Austria PY - 2009 SP - 74-77 ST - Climate Change asks for Sustainable Adaptation of Parks: A Challenge for Maintenance and Design T2 - Landscape – Great Idea! X-LArch III. T3 - Institute of Landscape Architecture, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna TI - Climate Change asks for Sustainable Adaptation of Parks: A Challenge for Maintenance and Design ID - 739 ER - TY - THES AU - Drlik, S. CY - Wien PB - Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien PY - 2010 RN - Dissertation, erstellt im Rahmen des Doktoratskollegs Nachhaltige Entwicklung (dokNE) ST - Klimawandelanpassung der Pflege und Erhaltung öffentlicher Grünanlagen in Großstädten unter Berücksichtigung des Konzepts der Nachhaltigen Entwicklung, untersucht am Fallbeispiel Wien TI - Klimawandelanpassung der Pflege und Erhaltung öffentlicher Grünanlagen in Großstädten unter Berücksichtigung des Konzepts der Nachhaltigen Entwicklung, untersucht am Fallbeispiel Wien VL - Dr. ID - 740 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - M., Braum A2 - T., Schröder AU - Drlik, S. & Licka CY - Basel PB - Birkhäuser PY - 2010 SN - 978-3-0346-0363-8 SP - 44-49 ST - Städte im Klimawandel - Strategien für eine nachhaltige Parkentwicklung. T2 - Bericht der Bundesstiftung Baukultur 2010. Freiraum. Wie findet Freiraum Stadt? Fakten, Positionen, Beispiele TI - Städte im Klimawandel - Strategien für eine nachhaltige Parkentwicklung. ID - 741 ER - TY - THES AU - DRLIK, Stephanie CY - Wien PB - Universität für Bodenkultur PY - 2010 ST - Klimawandelanpassung der Pflege und Erhaltung öffentlicher Grünanlagen in Großstädten unter Berücksichtigung des Konzepts der nachhaltigen Entwicklung, untersucht am Fallbeispiel Wien T2 - h814 Meteorologie TI - Klimawandelanpassung der Pflege und Erhaltung öffentlicher Grünanlagen in Großstädten unter Berücksichtigung des Konzepts der nachhaltigen Entwicklung, untersucht am Fallbeispiel Wien VL - Diss. ID - 742 ER - TY - CHAP A2 - Goodchild, M.F. A2 - Steyaert, L.T. A2 - Parks, B.O. AU - Dubayah, T. AU - Rich, P.M. CY - New York PB - John Wiley & Sons PY - 1996 SP - 129-134 ST - GIS-based solar radiation modeling. In: Goodchild, M.F., Steyaert, L.T. und Parks, B.O. (Hrsg.) GIS and Environmental Modeling. John Wiley & Sons, New York. T2 - GIS and Environmental Modeling TI - GIS-based solar radiation modeling ID - 743 ER - TY - BOOK AU - DUBNIK, H. CY - Gelsenkirchen-Buer PB - Verl. Th. Mann PY - 1991 ST - Blattläuse. Artenbestimmung - Biologie - Bekämpfung TI - Blattläuse. Artenbestimmung - Biologie - Bekämpfung ID - 744 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DUBROVSKY, M. PY - 1996 SE - 129 SP - 10 ST - Validation of the stochastic weather generator Met&Roll. T2 - Meteorologicke Zpravy TI - Validation of the stochastic weather generator Met&Roll. VL - 49 ID - 745 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DUBROVSKY, M. AU - NEMESOVA, I AU - KALVOVA, J. PY - 2005 SE - 139 SP - 17 ST - Uncertainties in climate change scenarios for the Czech Republic. T2 - Climate Research 29. TI - Uncertainties in climate change scenarios for the Czech Republic. VL - 29 ID - 746 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Duchaufour, P CY - Sydney, Australia LB - duchaufour:82 PB - Allen & Unwin PY - 1982 ST - Pedology - pedogenesis and classification TI - Pedology - pedogenesis and classification ID - 747 ER - TY - JOUR AB - 1. This paper aims to demonstrate the use of available vegetation data from the phytosociological literature in preliminary analyses to generate hypotheses regarding vegetation and climate change. 2. Data for over 3000 samples of calcareous grassland, mesotrophic grassland, heath and woodland vegetation were taken from the literature for a region in the west of Atlantic Europe and subjected to ordination by detrended correspondence analysis in order to identify the main gradients present. 3. Climate data were obtained at a resolution of 0.5⚬ from an existing database. The relationship between vegetation composition and climate was investigated by the correlation of the mean scores for the first two ordination axes for each 0.5⚬ cell with the climate and location variables. 4. The ordinations resulted in clear geographical gradients for calcareous grasslands, heaths and woodlands but not for mesotrophic grasslands. Significant correlations were shown between some of the vegetation gradients and the climate variables, with the strongest relationships occurring between the calcareous grassland gradients and July temperature, latitude and oceanicity. Some of the vegetation gradients were also inferred to reflect edaphic factors, management and vegetation history. 5. Those gradients that were related to temperature were hypothesized to reflect the influence of a progressively warmer climate on species composition, providing a baseline for further studies on the influence of climate change on species composition. 6. The validity of the literature data was assessed by the collection of an original set of field data for calcareous grasslands and the subsequent ordination of a dataset containing samples from both the literature and the field. The considerable overlap between the samples from the literature and the field suggest that literature data can be used, despite certain limitations. Such preliminary analyses, using readily available data, can thus achieve useful results, thereby saving lengthy and costly field visits. AU - Duckworth, J. C., R. G. H. Bunce, et al. PY - 2000 SP - 187-199 ST - Vegetation gradients in Atlantic Europe: the use of existing phytosociological data in preliminary investigations on the potential effects of climate change on British vegetation T2 - Global Ecology & Biogeography TI - Vegetation gradients in Atlantic Europe: the use of existing phytosociological data in preliminary investigations on the potential effects of climate change on British vegetation VL - 9 ID - 748 ER - TY - MANSCPT AU - Dudhia, J., D. Gill, K. Manning, W. Wang, and C. Bruyere CY - Boulder. PY - 2004 RP - Reprint Edition ST - PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Modeling System Tutorial Class Notes and User’s Guide: MM5 Modeling System Version 3 T2 - Software Manual TI - PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Modeling System Tutorial Class Notes and User’s Guide: MM5 Modeling System Version 3 ID - 749 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Dudhia, J., D. Gill, K. Manning, W. Wang, and C. Bruyere CY - Boulder PB - Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division of the NCAR PY - 2004 ST - PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Modeling System Tutorial Class Notes and User’s Guide: MM5 Modelling System Version 3 TI - PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Modeling System Tutorial Class Notes and User’s Guide: MM5 Modelling System Version 3 ID - 750 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Mark-release-recapture experiments with both newly emerged and flight experienced Ips typographus L. were performed in a pine forest near Prague. Three concentric trap circles around the release site with a radius of 5 m, 200 m and 500 m, and intertrap distances of 6 m, 16 m and. maximally, 40 m, were installed with the intention of collecting all dispersing bark beetles ready to respond to pheromone lures. The results show that even without wind and no potential host trees in the surroundings, only about one-third (35.4%) of the emerging beetles in an infested site can be eliminated locally with phermomone traps. At least 12.2% of the emerging beetles (25.7% of the recaptures), perform an adaptive migration flight, which brings them beyond the range of local pheromone traps. The estimated proportion of emigrants can rise over 50%, if most of the freshly emerged beetles that have never been recaptured are assumed to have left the experimental area. Electroantennograms recorded in the laboratory at different times after emergence indicate that the delayed response to aggregation pheromones in migrating bark beetles is not the result of a delayed maturation of the antennal receptor cells, but obviously governed by the central nervous system. The notion of precopulatory migration in 25–50% of the individuals in an I. typographus population can explain why pheromone traps can never eliminate all emerging beetles, and why so many bark beetles can be collected far away from any breeding sites. AU - Duelli, P. AU - Zahradnik, P. AU - Knizek, M. AU - Kalinova, B. DO - 10.1111/j.1439-0418.1997.tb01409.x IS - 1-5 PY - 1997 SN - 1439-0418 SP - 297-303 ST - Migration in spruce bark beetles (Ips typographis L.) and the efficiency of pheromone traps T2 - Journal of Applied Entomology TI - Migration in spruce bark beetles (Ips typographis L.) and the efficiency of pheromone traps UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1997.tb01409.x VL - 121 ID - 751 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dukes, J. S. LB - duke00 PY - 2000 SP - 95-113 ST - Will the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration affect the success of invasive species? T2 - Mooney, H and Hobbs, R.J. (eds) Invasive species in a changing world. Island Press, Washington, DC TI - Will the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration affect the success of invasive species? ID - 752 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dukes, J. S. AU - H.A, Mooney IS - 4 LB - duke99 PY - 1999 SP - 135-139 ST - Does global change increase the success of biological invaders? T2 - Trends in Ecology and Evolution TI - Does global change increase the success of biological invaders? VL - 14 ID - 753 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dukes, J.S. LB - duke00 PY - 2000 SP - 95-113 ST - Will the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration affect the success of invasive species? T2 - Mooney, H and Hobbs, R.J. (eds) Invasive species in a changing world. Island Press, Washington, DC TI - Will the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration affect the success of invasive species? ID - 754 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dukes, J.S. AU - H.A., Mooney IS - 4 LB - duke99 PY - 1999 SP - 135-139 ST - Does global change increase the success of biological invaders? T2 - Trends in Ecology and Evolution TI - Does global change increase the success of biological invaders? VL - 14 ID - 755 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dullinger, Stefan AU - Dirnböck, Thomas AU - Grabherr, Georg LB - dullinger:04 PY - 2004 SP - 241-252 ST - Modelling climate change-driven treeline shifts: relative effects of temperature increase, dispersal and invasibility T2 - Journal of Ecology TI - Modelling climate change-driven treeline shifts: relative effects of temperature increase, dispersal and invasibility VL - 92 ID - 756 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dumagan, J. C. AU - Mount, T. D. LB - dumagan1993 PY - 1993 SP - 175--201 ST - Welfare effects of improving end-use efficiency: Theory and application to residential electricity demand T2 - Resource and Energy Economics TI - Welfare effects of improving end-use efficiency: Theory and application to residential electricity demand VL - 15 ID - 757 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dunn, P. O. AU - Winkler AU - W, D. LB - dunn99 PY - 1999 SP - 2487-2490 ST - Climate change has affected the breeding date of tree swallows throughout North America T2 - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B TI - Climate change has affected the breeding date of tree swallows throughout North America VL - 26 ID - 758 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dunn, P. O. AU - Winkler AU - W., D. LB - dunn99 PY - 1999 SP - 2487-2490 ST - Climate change has affected the breeding date of tree swallows throughout North America T2 - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B TI - Climate change has affected the breeding date of tree swallows throughout North America VL - 26 ID - 759 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Durbin, D. IS - 2 LB - durbin2001 PY - 2001 SP - 297-309 ST - Managing Natural Catastrophe Risk: The Structure and Dynamics of Reinsurance T2 - The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance TI - Managing Natural Catastrophe Risk: The Structure and Dynamics of Reinsurance VL - 26 ID - 760 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Schriften, Essener Ökologische AU - Dütemeyer, D. CY - Hohenwarsleben PY - 2000 ST - Urban-orographische Bodenwindsysteme in der städtischen Peripherie Kölns TI - Urban-orographische Bodenwindsysteme in der städtischen Peripherie Kölns VL - 12 ID - 761 ER - TY - SER AU - DVL (DEUTSCHER VERBAND FÜR LANDSCHAFTSPFLEGE) CY - Ansbach PY - 2006 ST - Landschaftselemente in der Agrarstruktur: Entstehung, Neuanlage und Erhalt T3 - Landschaft als Lebensraum TI - Landschaftselemente in der Agrarstruktur: Entstehung, Neuanlage und Erhalt VL - 9 ID - 762 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dynesius, M. AU - Jansson AU - R LB - dyne00 PY - 2000 SP - 9115-9120 ST - Evolutionary consequences of changes in species´ geographical distributions driven by Milankovitch climate oscillations T2 - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. TI - Evolutionary consequences of changes in species´ geographical distributions driven by Milankovitch climate oscillations VL - 97 ID - 763 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dynesius, M. AU - Jansson AU - R. LB - dyne00 PY - 2000 SP - 9115-9120 ST - Evolutionary consequences of changes in species´ geographical distributions driven by Milankovitch climate oscillations T2 - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. TI - Evolutionary consequences of changes in species´ geographical distributions driven by Milankovitch climate oscillations VL - 97 ID - 764 ER - TY - BOOK AU - e.V, Berliner Wetterkarte LB - berlinerwetterkarteev PB - Institut für Meteorologie der Freien Universität Berlin ST - Berliner Wetterkarte TI - Berliner Wetterkarte ID - 765 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Easterling, D. R. AU - et al. LB - easterling2000b N1 - StClB-Lit PY - 2000 SP - 417-425 ST - Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events: A brief review T2 - Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. TI - Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events: A brief review VL - 81 ID - 766 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Variations and trends in extreme climate events have only recently received much attention. Exponentially increasing economic losses, coupled with an increase in deaths due to these events, have focused attention on the possibility that these events are increasing in frequency. One of the major problems in examining the climate record for changes in extremes is a lack of high quality long-term data. In some areas of the world increases in extreme events are apparent, while in others there appears to be a decline. Based on this information increased ability to monitor and detect multi-decadal variations and trends is critical to begin to detect any observed changes and understand their origins. AU - Easterling, D. R. AU - Evans, J. L. AU - Groisman, P. Y. AU - Karl, T. R. AU - Kunkel, K. E. AU - Ambenje, P. LB - easterling1999 PY - 2000 SP - 417-425 ST - Observed Variability and Trends in Extreme Climate Events: A Brief Review T2 - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society TI - Observed Variability and Trends in Extreme Climate Events: A Brief Review VL - 81 ID - 767 ER - TY - JOUR AB - One of the major concerns with a potential change in climate is that an increase in extreme events will occur. Results of observational studies suggest that in many areas that have been analyzed, changes in total precipitation are amplified at the tails, and changes in some temperature extremes have been observed. Model output has been analyzed that shows changes in extreme events for future climates, such as increases in extreme high temperatures, decreases in extreme low temperatures, and increases in intense precipitation events. In addition, the societal infrastructure is becoming more sensitive to weather and climate extremes, which would be exacerbated by climate change. In wild plants and animals, climate-induced extinctions, distributional and phenological changes, and species’ range shifts are being documented at an increasing rate. Several apparently gradual biological changes are linked to responses to extreme weather and climate events. AU - Easterling, D. R. AU - Meehl, G. A. AU - Parmesan, C. AU - Changnon, S. A. AU - Karl, T. R. AU - Mearns, L. O. LB - easterling2000 N1 - http://www.biosci.utexas.edu/IB/faculty/parmesan/pubs/Eastl_Ntr_00.pdf PY - 2000 SP - 2068-2074 ST - Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts. T2 - Science TI - Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts VL - 289 ID - 768 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Easterling, D. R. AU - Meehl AU - G.A AU - Parmesan AU - C AU - Changnon AU - S.A AU - Karl AU - T.R AU - Mearns AU - L.O LB - east00 PY - 2000 SP - 2068-2074 ST - Climate Extrems: Observations, Modeling and Impacts T2 - Science TI - Climate Extrems: Observations, Modeling and Impacts VL - 28 ID - 769 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Easterling, D.R. . AU - et al. LB - easterling2000b N1 - StClB-Lit PY - 2000 SP - 417-425 ST - Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events: A brief review T2 - Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. TI - Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events: A brief review VL - 81 ID - 770 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Meehl, G.A. AU - Parmesan, C. AU - Changon, S.A. AU - Karl, T, R, AU - Mearns, L.O. PY - 2000 SE - 2068 SP - 2068-2074 ST - Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts. T2 - Science TI - Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts. VL - 289 ID - 3341 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Easterling, D.R. AU - Meehl AU - G.A. AU - Parmesan AU - C. AU - Changnon AU - S.A. AU - Karl AU - T.R. AU - Mearns AU - L.O. LB - east00 PY - 2000 SP - 2068-2074 ST - Climate Extrems: Observations, Modeling and Impacts T2 - Science TI - Climate Extrems: Observations, Modeling and Impacts VL - 28 ID - 771 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Analysis of the global mean surface air temperature has shown that its increase is due, at least in part, to differential changes in daily maximum and minimum temperatures, resulting in a narrowing of the diurnal temperature range (DTR). The analysis, using station metadata and improved areal coverage for much of the Southern Hemisphere landmass, indicates that the DTR is continuing to decrease in most parts of the world, that urban effects on globally and hemispherically averaged time series are negligible, and that circulation variations in parts of the Northern Hemisphere appear to be related to the DTR. Atmospheric aerosol loading in the Southern Hemisphere is much less than that in the Northern Hemisphere, suggesting that there are likely a number of factors, such as increases in cloudiness, contributing to the decreases in DTR. AU - Easterling, David R. AU - Horton, Briony AU - Jones, Philip D. AU - Peterson, Thomas C. AU - Karl, Thomas R. AU - Parker, David E. AU - Salinger, M. James AU - Razuvayev, Vyacheslav AU - Plummer, Neil AU - Jamason, Paul AU - Folland, Christopher K. DA - July 18, 1997 DO - 10.1126/science.277.5324.364 IS - 5324 PY - 1997 SP - 364-367 ST - Maximum and Minimum Temperature Trends for the Globe T2 - Science TI - Maximum and Minimum Temperature Trends for the Globe UR - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/277/5324/364.abstract VL - 277 ID - 772 ER - TY - JOUR AU - EASTHAM AU - J. AU - ROSE, C.W. PY - 1988 SE - 355 SP - 14 ST - The effect of tree spacing on evaporation from an agroforestry experiment. T2 - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 42 TI - The effect of tree spacing on evaporation from an agroforestry experiment. VL - 42 ID - 773 ER - TY - LEGAL AU - Commission, EC - European PB - EC - European Commision PY - 2006 SP - 232 T2 - 2004/35/EC TI - Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the soil protection of soil and amending Directive 2004/35/EC. COM (2006) ID - 3392 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Edelhofer, R. AU - Kosztolich, A. AU - Mitterhuber, C. AU - Kutzer, E. PY - 1995 SP - 90-95 ST - Imported Cases Of Leishmaniasis In Dogs, A Retrospective Study Concerning Austria (1985-1994). T2 - Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift TI - Imported Cases Of Leishmaniasis In Dogs, A Retrospective Study Concerning Austria (1985-1994). VL - 82 ID - 774 ER - TY - GEN AU - EEA PB - European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change ST - AirBase TI - AirBase ID - 775 ER - TY - RPRT AU - EEA CY - Copenhagen DO - DOI 10.2800/14754 ISSN: 1725–2237 ISBN 978-92-9167-974-4 PY - 2007 ST - Climate change: the cost of inaction and the cost of adaptation T2 - EEA Technical report TI - Climate change: the cost of inaction and the cost of adaptation VL - 13 ID - 776 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - European Environment Agency, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities AU - EEA CY - Luxembourg PY - 2009 ST - Water resources across Europe — confronting water scarcity and drought (No. 2/2009) TI - Water resources across Europe — confronting water scarcity and drought (No. 2/2009) ID - 777 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Agency, European Environment AU - EEH PY - 2006 ST - How much bioenergy can Europe produce without harming the environment? T2 - EEA REport 7/2006 TI - How much bioenergy can Europe produce without harming the environment? ID - 778 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Efthymiadis D, Jones P. Briffa K. Auer I. Böhm R. Schöner W. Frei C. und Schmidli J. PY - 2006 ST - Construction of a 10-min-gridded precipitation data set for the Greater Alpine Re-gion for 18002003 In: Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol, 111. T2 - Journal of Geophysical Research TI - Construction of a 10-min-gridded precipitation data set for the Greater Alpine Region for 1800-2003 VL - 111 ID - 779 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Efthymiadis D., Jones P., Briffa K. Auer I., Böhm R., Schöner W., Frei C., und Schmidli J., PY - 2006 ST - Construction of a 10-min-gridded precipitation data set for the Greater Alpine Re-gion for 18002003 In: Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol, 111. TI - Construction of a 10-min-gridded precipitation data set for the Greater Alpine Re-gion for 18002003 In: Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol, 111 ID - 780 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Eggers, T. CY - Joensuu, Finland PB - European Forest Institute PY - 2002 SP - 90 ST - The Impacts of Manufacturing and Utilization of Wood Products on the European Carbon Budget TI - The Impacts of Manufacturing and Utilization of Wood Products on the European Carbon Budget VL - EFI Internal Report 9 ID - 3478 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ectomycorrhizal fungi are dependent on the carbohydrates produced by higher plants. Their main energy source is lost immediately if the higher plant is eliminated, e.g. as the result of windthrow. In this study we investigated how long ectomycorrhizal fungi can survive in the soil and still be capable of colonizing naturally regenerating seedlings on an uncleared windthrow site. A biotest was used for measuring the mycorrhizal inoculum potential of the soil and morphological and molecular techniques for identifying the ectomycorrhizas. Ten years after the windthrow event, the number of infective ectomycorrhizal fungi in the soil of the windthrow plot was significantly smaller than in the adjacent forest. The remaining species, including Tylospora asterophora, Telephora terrestris and Cenococcum geophilum were still able to fully mycorrhize the new seedlings. The results are discussed with respect to possible implications for forestry practice. AD - WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Egli, S. WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland email: simon.egli@wsl.ch AU - Egli, S. AU - Peter, M. AU - Falcato, S. DB - Scopus IS - 1-2 J2 - For. Snow Landsc. Res. KW - Ectomycorrhizal fungi Inoculum potential Regeneration Windthrow colonization ectomycorrhiza survival windthrow Asterophora Cenococcum geophilum Embryophyta Fungi Tylospora asterophora LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996):7 CODEN: FSLRB References: Agerer, R., Characterization of ectomycorrhiza (1991) Methods in Microbiology, 23, pp. 26-73; Brundreit, M., Bougher, N., Dell, B., Grove, T., Malajczuk, N., Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture (1996) ACIAR Monograph, 32, 374p; Byrd, K.B., Parker, T., Vogler, D.R., Cullings, K.W., The influence of clear-cutting on ectomycorrhizal fungus diversity in a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stand, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and Gallatin National Forest, Montana (2000) Can. J. Bot., 78, pp. 149-156; Gardes, M., Bruns, T.D., ITS-RFLP Matching for Identification of Fungi (1996) Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 50: Species Diagnostics Protocol: PCR and Other Nucleic Acid Methods, 50, pp. 177-186. , CLAPP, J.P. (ed) Totowa, NJ, USA, Humana Press Inc; Jonsson, L., Dahlberg, A., Nilsson, M.C., Zackrisson, O., Karen, O., Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in late-successional Swedish boreal forests, and their composition following wildfire (1999) Mol. Ecol., 8, pp. 205-215; Karen, O., Högberg, N., Dahlberg, A., Jonsson, L., Nylund, J.E., Inter- and intra-specific variation in the ITS region of rDNA of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Fennoscandia as detected by endonuclease analysis (1997) New Phytol., 136, pp. 313-325; Karen, O., Nylund, J.E., Effects of ammonium sulphate on the community structure and biomass of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Norway spruce stand in southwestern Sweden (1997) Can. J. Bot., 75, pp. 1628-1642; Kropp, B.R., Albee, S., The effects of silvicultural treatments on occurrence of mycorrhizal sporocarps in a Pinus contorta forest: A preliminary study (1996) Biol. Conserv., 78, pp. 313-318; Magurran, A.E., (1988) Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement, 179p. , London, Croom Helm; Mah, K., Tackaberry, L.E., Egger, K.N., Massicotte, H.B., The impacts of broadcast burning after clearcutting on the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with hybrid spruce seedlings in Central British Columbia (2001) Can. J. For. Res., 31, pp. 224-235; Mehmann, B., Egli, S., Braus, G., Brunner, I., Coincidence between molecularly and morphologically classified ectomycorrhizal morphotypes and fruitbodies in a spruce forest (1995) Biotechnology of Ectomycorrhizae, pp. 41-52. , STOCCHI, V.; BONFANTE, P.; NUTI, M. (eds) New York, USA, Plenum Press; Perry, D.A., Amaranthus, M.P., Borchers, J.G., Borchers, S.L., Brainerd, R.E., Bootstrapping in ecosystems (1989) BioScience, 39, pp. 230-237; Perry, D.A., Molina, R., Amaranthus, M.P., Mycorrhizae, mycorrhizosphere, and reforestation: Current knowledge and research needs (1987) Can. J. For. Res., 17, pp. 929-940; Peter, M., Ayer, F., Egli, S., Nitrogen addition in a Norway spruce stand altered macromycete sporocarp production and below-ground ectomycorrhizal species composition (2001) New Phytol., 149, pp. 311-325; Peter, M., Ayer, F., Egli, S., Honegger, R., Above- and below-ground community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi in three Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in Switzerland (2001) Can. J. Bot., 79, pp. 1134-1151; Pilz, D., Perry, D.A., Impact of clearcutting and slash burning on ectomycorrhizal associations of Douglas-fir seedlings (1984) Can. J. For. Res., 14, pp. 94-100; Rexer, K.H., Kottke, I., Eberhardt, U., Walter, L., Oberwinkler, F., Das Mykorrhizapotential auf Sturmwurfflächen und seine Bedeutung für die Bestandesregeneration (1998) Die Entwicklung Von Wald-Biozönosen Nach Sturmwurf, pp. 94-112. , FISCHER, A. (ed) Landsberg, Ecomed; Smith, S.E., Read, D.J., (1997) Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, , London, UK, Academic press; Taylor, D.L., Bruns, T.D., Community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a Pinus muricata forest: Minimal overlap between the mature forest and resistant propagule communities (1999) Mol. Ecol., 8, pp. 1837-1850; Visser, S., Parkinson, D., Wildfire vs. clearcutting: Impacts on ectomycorrhizal and decomposer fungi (1999) Pacific Northwest Research Station, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-461, pp. 114-123. , USDA Forest Service; White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S., Taylor, J., Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes from phylogenetics (1990) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, pp. 315-322. , INNIS, M.A.; GELFAND, D.H.; SNINSKY, J.J.; WHITE, T.J. (eds) New York, Academic Press PY - 2002 SN - 14245108 SP - 81-88 ST - Dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungi after windthrow T2 - Forest Snow and Landscape Research TI - Dynamics of ectomycorrhizal fungi after windthrow UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-4043059415&partnerID=40&md5=6ca9768129facee7cb9fbd0ff791db70 VL - 77 ID - 3416 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ehlert, T. LB - ehle00 PY - 2000 SP - 187-193 ST - Habitatbindung adulter Köcherfliegen während der Reproduktionsphase (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae, Leptoceridae) T2 - Verh. Westd. Entom. Tag TI - Habitatbindung adulter Köcherfliegen während der Reproduktionsphase (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae, Leptoceridae) VL - 1998 ID - 781 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ehlert, T. AU - Timm, T. AU - Schuhmacher, H. LB - ehle99 PY - 1999 SP - 93-98 ST - Spatial and temporal flight behavior of Athripsodes bilineatus (Linne 1758) at a mountain brook (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae) T2 - Proc. TI - Spatial and temporal flight behavior of Athripsodes bilineatus (Linne 1758) at a mountain brook (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae) VL - 9t ID - 782 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ehmer, P. AU - Heymann, E. PY - 2008 ST - Klimawandel und Tourismus: Wohin geht die Reise? Aktuelle Themen 416 T2 - Deutsche Bank Research TI - Klimawandel und Tourismus: Wohin geht die Reise? Aktuelle Themen 416 VL - 5.März 2008 ID - 783 ER - TY - BOOK AU - F., Ehrendorfer CY - Stuttgart PB - Gustav Fischer Verlag PY - 1973 ST - Liste der Gefäßpflanzen Mitteleuropas TI - Liste der Gefäßpflanzen Mitteleuropas VL - 2.Aufl. ID - 784 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ehrendorfer, M. LB - ehrendorfer1987 PY - 1987 SP - 71-89 ST - A regionalization of Austria's precipitation climate using principal component analysis T2 - J. Climatelimatology TI - A regionalization of Austria's precipitation climate using principal component analysis VL - 7 ID - 785 ER - TY - JOUR AU - EICHLER, W. PY - 1951 SP - 39-40 ST - Freilandmittelprüfungen beim Rübenderbrüßler T2 - Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde TI - Freilandmittelprüfungen beim Rübenderbrüßler VL - 24 ID - 786 ER - TY - BOOK AU - EICHLER, W. CY - Wittenberg, Lutherstadt PB - Verl. A. Ziemsen PY - 1951 ST - Rübenfeind Derbrüssler. Ein Buch vom Leben und Treiben des Bothynoderes punctiventris TI - Rübenfeind Derbrüssler. Ein Buch vom Leben und Treiben des Bothynoderes punctiventris ID - 787 ER - TY - JOUR AU - EICHLER, W. AU - SCHRÖDTER, H. PY - 1951 SP - 567-575 ST - Witterungsfaktoren als Urheber der Massenvermehrung des Rübenderbrüßlers (Bothynoderes punctiventris) 1947-49 in Mitteldeutschland T2 - Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie TI - Witterungsfaktoren als Urheber der Massenvermehrung des Rübenderbrüßlers (Bothynoderes punctiventris) 1947-49 in Mitteldeutschland VL - 32 ID - 788 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 398 AU - Eitzinger, J. KW - Adaptation agriculture climate change Europe ST - Der Klimawandel - seine Auswirkungen auf agrarmeteorologische Aspekte und Anpassungsoptionen für die Landwirtschaft im eruopäischen Kontext T2 - Ländlicher Raum - Online-Fachzeitschrift des Bundesministeriums für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft TI - Der Klimawandel - seine Auswirkungen auf agrarmeteorologische Aspekte und Anpassungsoptionen für die Landwirtschaft im eruopäischen Kontext UR - http://www.laendlicher-raum.at/article/articleview/81602/1/10404 VL - Jahrgang 2010 ID - 789 ER - TY - RPRT A2 - Lebensministerium, BMLFUW AU - Eitzinger, J. PY - 2007 SP - 136-138 ST - Einfluss des Klimawandels auf die Produktionsrisiken in der österreichischen Landwirtschaft und mögliche Anpassungsstrategien T2 - Grüner Bericht 2007 TI - Einfluss des Klimawandels auf die Produktionsrisiken in der österreichischen Landwirtschaft und mögliche Anpassungsstrategien UR - http://www.laendlicher-raum.at ID - 790 ER - TY - CONF AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Alexandrov, V. Klaghofer E. AU - Oberforster, M. CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 18.-21. September LB - eitzinger2001 N1 - StClB-Lit PY - 2001 ST - Die Auswirkungen einer Klimaänderung auf den Wasserhaushalt von Kulturpflanzen bei unterschiedlichem Bodenwasserspeichervermögen T2 - Proceedings - Österreichisch - Schweizerische Meteorologen - Tagung TI - Die Auswirkungen einer Klimaänderung auf den Wasserhaushalt von Kulturpflanzen bei unterschiedlichem Bodenwasserspeichervermögen ID - 791 ER - TY - CONF AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Alexandrov, V. Klaghofer, E. AU - Oberforster, M. CY - Wien, Österreich DA - 18.-21. September LA - Deutsch LB - eitzinger2001 N1 - StClB-Lit PY - 2001 ST - Die Auswirkungen einer Klimaänderung auf den Wasserhaushalt von Kulturpflanzen bei unterschiedlichem Bodenwasserspeichervermögen T2 - Proceedings - Österreichisch - Schweizerische Meteorologen - Tagung TI - Die Auswirkungen einer Klimaänderung auf den Wasserhaushalt von Kulturpflanzen bei unterschiedlichem Bodenwasserspeichervermögen ID - 792 ER - TY - BOOK A2 - DWD AU - EITZINGER, J. AU - GERERSDORFER, T. AU - SCHUME, H. AU - MURSCH-RADLGRUBER, E. CY - Garmisch-Partenkirchen ET - In: Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD): 17th International Congress of Biometeorology (ICB 2005) September 5-9 2005; ISBN 3-88148-405-1; ISSN 4122 PB - DWD, Offenbach am Main PY - 2005 SP - 3 ST - Influence of a hedge row on field evapotranspiration in the semi-arid region of north-east Austria. T2 - Annalen der Meteorologie TI - Influence of a hedge row on field evapotranspiration in the semi-arid region of north-east Austria. VL - 41 ID - 793 ER - TY - BOOK AN - 473 AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Kersebaum, Ch AU - Formayer, H. CY - Clenze KW - Adaptation agriculture climate change Climate impacts Europe PB - AgriMedia PY - 2009 ST - Landwirtschaft im Klimawandel - Auswirkungen und Anpassungsstrategien für die Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Mitteleuropa TI - Landwirtschaft im Klimawandel - Auswirkungen und Anpassungsstrategien für die Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Mitteleuropa ID - 794 ER - TY - JOUR AU - EITZINGER, J. AU - KÖSSLER, Ch. IS - 3-4 PY - 2002 SE - 245 SP - 12 ST - Microclimatological characteristics of a miscanthus (Miscanthus cv. Giganteus) stand during stable conditions at night in the nonvegetative winter period. T2 - Theor. Appl. Climatol. TI - Microclimatological characteristics of a miscanthus (Miscanthus cv. Giganteus) stand during stable conditions at night in the nonvegetative winter period. VL - 72 ID - 795 ER - TY - RPRT A3 - Landesregierung, Im Auftrag der Burgenländischen AU - EITZINGER, J. AU - KUBU, G. AU - FORMAYER, H. AU - HAAS, P. AU - GERERSDORFER, T. AU - KROMP-KOLB, H. PY - 2005 ST - Auswirkungen einer Klimaänderung auf den Wasserhaushalt des Neusiedlersees. Forschungsbericht TI - Auswirkungen einer Klimaänderung auf den Wasserhaushalt des Neusiedlersees. Forschungsbericht ID - 796 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Stastná, M. AU - Zalud, Z. AU - Dubrovský, M. LB - eitzinger2003 N1 - StClB-Lit PY - 2003 SP - 163-234 ST - A simulation study of the effect of soil water balance and water stress on winter wheat production under different climate change scenarios T2 - Agricultural Water Management TI - A simulation study of the effect of soil water balance and water stress on winter wheat production under different climate change scenarios VL - 61 ID - 797 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Stastná, M. AU - Zalud AU - Z AU - Dubrovský, M. LB - eitz03 PY - 2003 SP - 163-234 ST - A simulation study of the effect of soil water balance and water stress on winter wheat production under different climate change scenarios T2 - Agricultural Water Management TI - A simulation study of the effect of soil water balance and water stress on winter wheat production under different climate change scenarios VL - 61 ID - 798 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Stastná, M. AU - Zalud AU - Z. AU - Dubrovský, M. LB - eitz03 PY - 2003 SP - 163-234 ST - A simulation study of the effect of soil water balance and water stress on winter wheat production under different climate change scenarios T2 - Agricultural Water Management TI - A simulation study of the effect of soil water balance and water stress on winter wheat production under different climate change scenarios VL - 61 ID - 799 ER - TY - CHAP AU - EITZINGER, J. AU - THALER, S. AU - KUBU, G. AU - RISCHBECK, P. CY - Wien PB - Amt der NÖ Landesregierung PY - 2007 SE - 4 ST - Potentielle Auswirkungen und Anpassungsmaßnahmen der Landwirtschaft an den Klimawandel im Nordosten Österreichs (Weinviertel-Marchfeld Region) T2 - Auswirkungen des Klimawandels in Niederösterreich T3 - NÖ Klimastudie 2007 TI - Potentielle Auswirkungen und Anpassungsmaßnahmen der Landwirtschaft an den Klimawandel im Nordosten Österreichs (Weinviertel-Marchfeld Region) ID - 800 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Trnka, M. AU - Hösch, J. AU - Zalud, Z. AU - Dubrovský, M. LB - eitzinger2004b N1 - StClB-Lit PY - 2004 SP - 223-246 ST - Comparison of CERES, WOFOST and SWAP models in simulating soil water content during growing season under different soil conditions T2 - Ecological Modelling TI - Comparison of CERES, WOFOST and SWAP models in simulating soil water content during growing season under different soil conditions VL - 17 ID - 801 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eitzinger, J. AU - Weindl, M. DA - June 7 LB - eitzinger2004 N1 - StClB-Lit PY - 2004 ST - Drought and drought monitoring in agriculture T2 - International Workshop (mit CD) TI - Drought and drought monitoring in agriculture ID - 802 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is growing evidence of the importance of extramatrical mycelium (EMM) of mycorrhizal fungi in carbon (C) cycling in ecosystems. However, our understanding has until recently been mainly based on laboratory experiments, and knowledge of such basic parameters as variations in mycelial production, standing biomass and turnover as well as the regulatory mechanisms behind such variations in forest soils is limited. Presently, the production of EMM by ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi has been estimated at ~140 different forest sites to be up to several hundreds of kg per ha per year, but the published data are biased towards Picea abies in Scandinavia. Little is known about the standing biomass and turnover of EMM in other systems, and its influence on the C stored or lost from soils. Here, focussing on ectomycorrhizas, we discuss the factors that regulate the production and turnover of EMM and its role in soil C dynamics, identifying important gaps in this knowledge. C availability seems to be the key factor determining EMM production and possibly its standing biomass in forests but direct effects of mineral nutrient availability on the EMM can be important. There is great uncertainty about the rate of turnover of EMM. There is increasing evidence that residues of EM fungi play a major role in the formation of stable N and C in SOM, which highlights the need to include mycorrhizal effects in models of global soil C stores. © 2013 The Author(s). AD - School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology Group, Ecology Building, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Vienna, Austria Plant Biology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, United Kingdom Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology ASCR, 14220 Praha, Czech Republic Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 460, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden UMR INRA-UL Forest Ecology and Ecophysiology, Université de Lorraine, BP70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France Institute of Environmental Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Al. Ossolinskich 12, 85-093 Bydgoszcz, Poland Terrestrial Ecology, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, bygning 1, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Dr. Hans Frisch Str. 1, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany INRA, UMR Eco and Sols, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 02, France Ekblad, A. School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden email: alf.ekblad@oru.se AU - Ekblad, A. AU - Wallander, H. AU - Godbold, D. L. AU - Cruz, C. AU - Johnson, D. AU - Baldrian, P. AU - Björk, R. G. AU - Epron, D. AU - Kieliszewska-Rokicka, B. AU - Kjøller, R. AU - Kraigher, H. AU - Matzner, E. AU - Neumann, J. AU - Plassard, C. 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(2011) Soil Biol Biochem, 43, pp. 1109-1117 IS - 1-2 J2 - Plant Soil KW - Decomposition Exploration type Extramatrical mycelium In-growth bag Minirhizotron Rhizomorphs Soil organic matter Turnover rates biomass carbon cycle ectomycorrhiza forest soil fungus soil biota soil organic matter Scandinavia Fungi Picea abies LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996):5 CODEN: PLSOA PY - 2013 SN - 0032079X SP - 1-27 ST - The production and turnover of extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest soils: Role in carbon cycling T2 - Plant and Soil TI - The production and turnover of extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest soils: Role in carbon cycling UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84874034964&partnerID=40&md5=f860e2fee8a517d61949cb35d6710ea9 VL - 366 ID - 3417 ER - TY - JOUR AU - EL-DESSOUKI, S. A. PY - 1971 SP - 411-431 ST - Der Einfluß von Larven der Gattung Sitona (Col., Curculionidae) auf einige Leguminosen T2 - Z. angew. Entomol. TI - Der Einfluß von Larven der Gattung Sitona (Col., Curculionidae) auf einige Leguminosen VL - 67 ID - 803 ER - TY - GEN AU - Ellenberg, H CY - Stuttgart PB - Eugen Ulmer PY - 1963 ST - Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen in kausaler, dynamischer und historischer Sicht TI - Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen in kausaler, dynamischer und historischer Sicht ID - 804 ER - TY - GEN AU - Ellenberg, H. CY - Scripta Geobot. NV - 2.Aufl. PY - 1979 SP - 1-122 ST - Zeigerwerte der Gefäßpflanzen Mitteleuropas TI - Zeigerwerte der Gefäßpflanzen Mitteleuropas VL - 9 ID - 805 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ellenberg, H. CY - Stuttgart PB - Verlag Eugen Ulmer PY - 1986 SP - 520 ST - Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart; TI - Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen ID - 806 ER - TY - JOUR AU - ELLENBERG, H. PY - 1986 SP - 520 pp. ST - Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart; TI - Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart ID - 807 ER - TY - JOUR AU - ELLENBERG, H. PY - 1996 ST - Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart. TI - Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart ID - 808 ER - TY - BOOK AN - 181454459 AU - Ellenberg, Heinz CY - Göttingen DB - GVK - Gemeinsamer Verbundkatalog DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund (GBV) / Verbundzentrale des GBV (VZG) ET - 2., verb. u. erw. Aufl KW - Plant indicators / Plant ecology LA - ger N1 - Added t.p. in English: Indicator values of vascular plants in Central Europe Errata slip inserted Bibliography: p. 37-38 SUB+Uni Göttingen <7> StB Hannover <115> Ressortbibliotheken des BMELV PB - Goltze PY - 1979 SP - 122 p ST - Zeigerwerte der Gefässpflanzen Mitteleuropas T2 - Scripta geobotanica ; Bd. 9 TI - Zeigerwerte der Gefässpflanzen Mitteleuropas UR - http://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.1/FAM?PPN=181454459 ID - 809 ER - TY - BOOK AN - AC00968589 AU - Ellenberg, Heinz CY - Stuttgart KW - Mitteleuropa Klima Pflanzen=EF=BF=BDkologie Geschichte 1978 Vegetation Anthropogener Einfluss Landwirtschaft Forstwirtschaft Gliederungsprinzip Stratifikation < =EF=BF=BDkologie> Lebensform < Biologie> Pflanzenstandort Standortfaktor < Botanik> Pflanzengesellschaft Charakterart H=EF=BF=BDhenstufe Aue Syn=EF=BF=BDkologie Moor Marschland D=EF=BF=BDne Gr=EF=BF=BDnland Wirtschaftslandschaft Heide Forst Ruderalstelle Brache Unkraut Alpine Stufe Subalpine Stufe Nivale Stufe N1 - Literaturverz. S. [843] - 898 UBBW FB Wald,Natur,Technik Lesesaal WL-6084/3.Aufl. Entlehnbar PB - Ulmer PY - 1982 SN - 3-8001-3428-4 SP - 989 S. ST - Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen in ökologischer Sicht TI - Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen in ökologischer Sicht VL - 3. Auflage ID - 810 ER - TY - BOOK AN - 272409219 AU - Ellenberg, Heinz CY - Göttingen DB - GVK - Gemeinsamer Verbundkatalog DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund (GBV) / Verbundzentrale des GBV (VZG) J2 - Indicator values of plants in Central Europe LA - ger N1 - Parallelt.: Indicator values of plants in Central Europe SBB-PK Berlin <1+1A> SUB+Uni Göttingen <7> ULB Halle <3> UB VechtaEffects of increasing carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] on wheat vary depending on water supply and climatic conditions, which are difficult to estimate. Crop simulation models are often used to predict the impact of global atmospheric changes on food production. However, models have rarely been tested for effects on crops of [CO2] and drought for different climatic conditions due to limited data available from field experiments.Simulations of the effects of elevated [CO2] and drought on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from three crop simulation models (LINTULCC2, AFRCWHEAT2, Sirius), which differ in structure and mechanistic detail, were compared with observations. These were from 2 years of free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiments in Maricopa, Arizona and 2 years of standardised (in crop management and soil conditions) open-top chamber (OTC) experiments in Braunschweig and Giessen, Germany. In a simulation exercise, models were used to assess the possible impact of increased [CO2] on wheat yields measured between 1987 and 1999 at one farm site in the drought prone region of Andalucia, south Spain.The models simulated well final biomass (BM), grain yield (GY), cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat grown in the FACE experiments but simulations were unsatisfactory for OTC experiments. Radiation use efficiency (RUE) and yield responses to [CO2] and drought were on average higher in OTC than in FACE experiments. However, there was large variation among OTC experiments. Plant growth in OTCs was probably modified by several factors related to plot size, the use (or not use) of border plants, airflow pattern, modification of radiation balance and/or restriction of rooting volume that were not included in the models. Variation in farm yields in south Spain was partly explained by the models, but sources of unexplained yield variation could not be identified and were most likely related to effects of pests and diseases that were not included in the models. Simulated GY in south Spain increased in the range between 30 and 65% due to doubling [CO2]. The simulated increase was larger when a [CO2]xdrought interaction was assumed (LINTULCC2, AFRCWHEAT2) than when it was not (Sirius).It was concluded that crop simulation models are able to reproduce wheat growth and yield for different [CO2] and drought treatments in a field environment. However, there is still uncertainty about the combined effects of [CO2] and drought including the timing of drought stress and about relationships that determine yield variation at farm and larger scales that require further investigation including model testing.
AU - Ewert, F. AU - Rodriguez, D. AU - Jamieson, P. AU - Semenov, M. A. AU - Mitchell, R. A. C. AU - Goudriaan, J. AU - Porter, J. R. AU - Kimball, B. A. AU - Pinter, P. J. AU - Manderscheid, R. AU - Weigel, H. J. AU - Fangmeier, A. AU - Fereres, E. AU - Villalobos, F. IS - 1 KW - Wheat Crop simulation models CO2 Drought Climatic conditions N1 - doi:10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00352-8 PY - 2002 SP - 249-266 ST - Effects of elevated CO2 and drought on wheat: testing crop simulation models for different experimental and climatic conditions T2 - Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment TI - Effects of elevated CO2 and drought on wheat: testing crop simulation models for different experimental and climatic conditions UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/01678809/2002/00000093/00000001/art00352 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00352-8 VL - 93 ID - 865 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Eybl, J, Godina,R. AU - Lalk, P. AU - Lorenz, P. AU - Müller, G. AU - V., Weilguni PY - 2004 ST - Trockenheit in Österreich im Jahr 2003. Ein hydrologischer Situationsbericht, Wien TI - Trockenheit in Österreich im Jahr 2003. Ein hydrologischer Situationsbericht, Wien ID - 866 ER - TY - JOUR AU - F., Essl PY - 1994 SP - 65-86. ST - Floristische Beobachtungen aus dem östlichen oberösterreichischen Alpenvorland. Beitr. Naturk. Oberösterreichs 2. TI - Floristische Beobachtungen aus dem östlichen oberösterreichischen Alpenvorland. Beitr. Naturk. 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TI - Rising CO2 and pollen pollen production of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), a known allergy-inducing species: implications for publiv health. Aust. J. Plant. Physiol ID - 871 ER - TY - JOUR AU - F.A, Zwander L.H. AU - Caulfield PY - 2000 SP - 32/2: 738-739. ST - Neue Daten zum Pollenflug des Traubenkrautes (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Klagenfurt (Kärnten). Linzer biol. Beitr. TI - Neue Daten zum Pollenflug des Traubenkrautes (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Klagenfurt (Kärnten). Linzer biol. Beitr ID - 872 ER - TY - JOUR AU - F.A. LB - fa86 PY - 1986 SP - 33 ST - Yield response to water T2 - FAO irrigation and drainage paper TI - Yield response to water ID - 873 ER - TY - GEN AU - F.A. LB - fa92 PY - 1992 ST - Crop water requirements.- FAO irrigation and drainage paper, 24pp. TI - Crop water requirements.- FAO irrigation and drainage paper, 24pp ID - 874 ER - TY - JOUR AU - F.A. LB - fa97 PY - 1997 SP - 46 ST - CROPWAT-A computer program for irrigation planning and management T2 - FAO irrigation and drainage paper TI - CROPWAT-A computer program for irrigation planning and management ID - 875 ER - TY - JOUR AU - F.E, Harrell PY - 2001 ST - Regression modelling strategies. Springer, New York. TI - Regression modelling strategies. Springer, New York ID - 876 ER - TY - JOUR AU - F., F.Nobilis AU - R., Godina PY - 2006 SP - 51 ST - Extreme Trockenheit in Österreich: Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, v. Heft 3-4, p. S. 51 T2 - Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft TI - Extreme Trockenheit in Österreich VL - Heft 3-4 ID - 877 ER - TY - JOUR AU - F.Nobilis, and R. Godina PY - 2006 ST - Extreme Trockenheit in Österreich: Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, v. Heft 3-4, p. S. 51 TI - Extreme Trockenheit in Österreich: Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, v. Heft 3-4, p. S. 51 ID - 878 ER - TY - THES AU - Faber, F. LB - faber1982 PB - Univ. f. Bodenkultur, Wien. PY - 1982 ST - Historische, Politische und Rechtliche Aspekte im Weinbau unter Besonderer Berücksichtigung Von Niederösterreich. TI - Historische, Politische und Rechtliche Aspekte im Weinbau unter Besonderer Berücksichtigung Von Niederösterreich ID - 879 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Faber, J. PY - 2007 SP - 20-21 ST - Wo geht`s zum Strand T2 - bulletin der ÖW TI - Wo geht`s zum Strand VL - Mai 2007 ID - 880 ER - TY - JOUR AU - FABER, W. IS - 2. Sondernummer PY - 1951 SP - 5 ST - Der heutige Stand der Engerlingsbekämpfung T2 - Der Pflanzenarzt TI - Der heutige Stand der Engerlingsbekämpfung VL - 4 ID - 881 ER - TY - JOUR AU - FABER, W. IS - 2. Sondernummer PY - 1951 SP - 3-4 ST - Erfahrungen über Maikäfer-Großbekämpfungsaktionen T2 - Der Pflanzenarzt TI - Erfahrungen über Maikäfer-Großbekämpfungsaktionen VL - 4 ID - 882 ER - TY - JOUR AU - FABER, W. IS - 2. Sondernummer PY - 1951 SP - 2-3 ST - Über die Lebensweise und Entwicklung des Maikäfers T2 - Der Pflanzenarzt TI - Über die Lebensweise und Entwicklung des Maikäfers VL - 4 ID - 883 ER - TY - JOUR AU - FABER, W. IS - 2. Sondernummer PY - 1951 SP - 6-7 ST - Wie erkennen wir die Engerlinge schädlicher Blatthornkäferarten T2 - Der Pflanzenarzt TI - Wie erkennen wir die Engerlinge schädlicher Blatthornkäferarten VL - 4 ID - 884 ER - TY - JOUR AU - FABER, W. IS - 1/10 PY - 1961 SP - 101-146 ST - Ergebnisse zehnjähriger Erhebungen über die Flugjahre des Maikäfers (Melolontha melolontha L. und M. hippocastani F.) in Österreich T2 - Pflanzenschutz Berichte TI - Ergebnisse zehnjähriger Erhebungen über die Flugjahre des Maikäfers (Melolontha melolontha L. und M. hippocastani F.) in Österreich VL - 27 ID - 885 ER - TY - BOOK AU - FABER, W. AU - ZWATZ, B. CY - Wien ET - 3. Aufl. PB - Bundesanstalt für Pflanzenschutz PY - 1978 ST - Wichtige Krankheiten und Schädlinge im Getreide- und Maisbau TI - Wichtige Krankheiten und Schädlinge im Getreide- und Maisbau ID - 886 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Faccoli, M. LB - facc02 PY - 2002 SP - 62-68 ST - Winter mortality in sub-corticolous populations of Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) and its parasitoids in the south-eastern Alps T2 - J.Pest Science TI - Winter mortality in sub-corticolous populations of Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) and its parasitoids in the south-eastern Alps VL - 75 ID - 887 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Faccoli, Massimo DA - 2013/03/07 DO - 10.1603/022.038.0202 IS - 2 N1 - doi: 10.1603/022.038.0202 PY - 2009 SN - 0046-225X SP - 307-316 ST - Effect of Weather on Ips typographus (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Phenology, Voltinism, and Associated Spruce Mortality in the Southeastern Alps T2 - Environmental Entomology TI - Effect of Weather on Ips typographus (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Phenology, Voltinism, and Associated Spruce Mortality in the Southeastern Alps UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/022.038.0202 VL - 38 ID - 888 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Within the European Community snow damage affects an estimated 4 million m3 of timber every year, causing significant economic losses to forest owners. In Northern Europe, for example, the occurrence of snow damage has increased over the last few decades mainly due to the increase in total growing stock. The most common form of damage is stem breakage, but trees can also be bent or uprooted. Trees suffering snow damage are also more prone to consequential damage through insect or fungal attacks. Snow accumulation on trees is strongly dependent upon weather and climatological conditions. Temperature influences the moisture content of snow and therefore the degree to which it can accumulate on branches. Wind can cause snow to be shed, but can also lead to large accumulations of wet snow, rime or freezing rain. Wet snow is most likely in late autumn or early spring. Geographic location and topography influence the occurrence of damaging forms of snow, and coastal locations and moderate to high elevations experience large accumulations. Slope plays a less important role and the evidence on the role of aspect is contradictory. The occurrence of damaging events can vary from every winter to once every 10 years or so depending upon regional climatology. In the future, assuming global warming in northern latitudes, the risk of snow damage could increase, because the relative occurrence of snowfall near temperatures of zero could increase. The severity of snow damage is related to tree characteristics. Stem taper and crown characteristics are the most important factors controlling the stability of trees. Slightly tapering stems, asymmetric crowns, and rigid horizontal branching are all associated with high risk. However, the evidence on species differences is less clear due to the interaction with location. Management of forests can alter risk through choice of regeneration, tending, thinning and rotation. However, quantification and comparison of the absolute effect of these measures is not yet possible. An integrated risk model is required to allow the various locational and silvicultural factors to be assessed. Plans are presented to construct such a model, and gaps in knowledge are highlighted. AU - conditions, Factors affecting snow damage of trees with particular reference to European IS - 2 PY - 1997 SE - 193 SN - 0037-5330 SP - 193-213 ST - Nykänen, Marja-Leena; Peltola, Heli; Quine, Christopher; Kellomäki, Seppo; Broadgate, Marianne T2 - Silva Fennica TI - Nykänen, Marja-Leena; Peltola, Heli; Quine, Christopher; Kellomäki, Seppo; Broadgate, Marianne UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1975/8519 VL - 31 ID - 889 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fahey, J.W. AU - Zalcmann, A.T. AU - Talalay, P. PY - 2001 SE - 5 SP - 5-51 ST - The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants. T2 - Phytochemistry TI - The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants. VL - 56 ID - 3342 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Decomposition of roots of Acer saccharum, Betula alleghaniensis, Fagus grandifolia and Picea rubens in a northern hardwood ecosystem was measured following whole-tree harvest of watershed 5 at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Decay of fine roots was initially rapid but declined abruptly after the 1st summer. Ash-free weight loss from small woody roots decreased with increasing root diameter and was much slower than decay rates for corresponding aboveground tissues. Weight loss rates among species generally were not significantly different, but large woody roots (10-100 mm diameter) of sugar maple decayed much more rapidly than the other species. Rapid release of K and Mg was observed for all roots. Initially high rates of N and P release were observed for fine roots, whereas these nutrients were effectively retained in decaying woody roots. Retention of Ca was observed for all roots; significant accumulation of Ca was observed in the larger size classes of woody roots. Particularly for N and K, release from decaying roots was an important nutrient flux pathway supplying stream outflow and vegetation regrowth in the first two years following forest harvest. -from Authors AD - Dept. of Natural Resources Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. AU - Fahey, T. J. AU - Hughes, J. W. AU - Pu, M. AU - Arthur, M. A. DB - Scopus IS - 3 KW - decomposition nutrient flux root USA, New Hampshire, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest LA - English N1 - Cited By (since 1996):126 PY - 1988 SN - 0015749X SP - 744-768 ST - Root decomposition and nutrient flux following whole-tree harvest of northern hardwood forest T2 - Forest Science TI - Root decomposition and nutrient flux following whole-tree harvest of northern hardwood forest UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0024186856&partnerID=40&md5=a7b76e409f7313e44fabb68008fdce50 VL - 34 ID - 3418 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 60 AU - Falloon, Pete AU - Betts, Richard IS - 23 KW - Adaptation agriculture climate change Europe Mitigation water management N1 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.002 00489697 SP - 5667 ST - Climate impacts on European agriculture and water management in the context of adaptation and mitigation—The importance of an integrated approach T2 - Science of The Total Environment TI - Climate impacts on European agriculture and water management in the context of adaptation and mi